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Ex-Post Evaluation of the European Capitals of Culture (Ecoc) Action 2014

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Ex-Post Evaluation of the European Capitals of Culture (Ecoc) Action 2014 Ex-post Evaluation of the European Capitals of Culture Final Report Tim Fox James Rampton Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN: 978-92-79-43847-9 doi: 10.2766/88424 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free publications: • one copy: via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); • more than one copy or posters/maps: from the European Union’s representations (http://ec.europa.eu/represent_en.htm); from the delegations in non-EU countries (http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/index_en.htm); by contacting the Europe Direct service (http://europa.eu/europedirect/index_en.htm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) (*). (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). Priced publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu). Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................... i 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the report ........................................................................ 1 1.2 The European Capital of Culture Action ................................................ 1 1.3 Evaluating the European Capital of Culture ........................................... 4 1.4 Evaluation Methodology ..................................................................... 7 2.0 Umeå ............................................................................................ 10 2.1 Background .................................................................................... 10 2.2 Development of the ECOC ................................................................ 11 2.3 Cultural programme ........................................................................ 15 2.4 Governance and funding .................................................................. 18 2.5 Results .......................................................................................... 27 2.6 Legacy .......................................................................................... 37 2.7 Conclusions .................................................................................... 39 3.0 Rīga .............................................................................................. 42 3.1 Background .................................................................................... 42 3.2 Development of the ECOC ................................................................ 43 3.3 Cultural programme ........................................................................ 47 3.4 Governance and funding .................................................................. 53 3.5 Results .......................................................................................... 59 3.6 Legacy .......................................................................................... 69 3.7 Conclusions .................................................................................... 71 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................. 73 4.1 Relevance ...................................................................................... 73 4.2 Efficiency ....................................................................................... 74 4.3 Effectiveness .................................................................................. 76 4.4 Sustainability ................................................................................. 77 4.5 Recommendations........................................................................... 78 5.0 Postscript: Effective promotion of a European Capital of Culture .......................................................................................... 80 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 80 5.2 Developing messages to communicate ............................................... 81 5.3 Building capacity ............................................................................. 82 5.4 Reaching audiences ......................................................................... 84 Month Year I i Executive Summary Introduction This report sets out the findings of an ex post evaluation of the European Capitals of Culture (ECoC) action in 2014. The evaluation is focussed on the two 2014 host cities – Umeå in Sweden and Rīga in Latvia – and assesses the ways in which each city implemented their ECoC and the benefits that have flowed from the Action. The report explains how Umeå and Rīga developed their application, designed their cultural programmes and how they organised themselves to deliver the activities which made up their ECoC. The report also focusses on the benefits of hosting the title as well as issues linked to legacy and lessons learned. This summary sets out the main findings for the two cities and draws together overall findings and conclusions. Evaluation methodology This evaluation and its methodology are designed to satisfy the standard requirement of the legal basis for an “external and independent evaluation of the results of the European Capital of Culture event of the previous year”. Although each city has kept in regular contact with the Commission including the provision of monitoring reports, the evaluation will help establish a more detailed understanding of the lifecycle of the ECoC, from its early inception through to its sustainability and legacy. In particular, the evaluation provides an opportunity to look back at the previous year in order to highlight lessons and recommendations going forward based on the experiences of the two host cities. In order for results to be comparable with previous evaluations, the methodology follows a consistent approach for evidence gathering and analysis. Primary data sources include interviews conducted during two visits to each city or by telephone, as well as through an online survey in Rīga. These interviews have sought to gain a variety of perspectives on each ECoC, including those of the management teams, decision-makers at local and national level, plus key cultural operators, a range of partners involved in the delivery of ECoC and a sample of organisations either leading or participating in ECoC projects. The secondary data sources include information in the original ECoC applications, studies and reports produced or commissioned by the ECoC, events programmes, promotional materials and websites, statistical data on culture and tourism and quantitative data supplied by the ECoC on finance, activities, outputs and results. August 2015 I i Main Findings Umeå Umeå is a small but rapidly-expanding city in northern Sweden with a population of just over 118,000. Traditionally, Umeå has been a centre for trade and for the engineering and forestry industries, as well as for the production of forestry machinery. More recently, it has become home to hi-tech IT companies and research- based bio-technology and environmental technology industries. Umeå has also become an important centre for learning, since the establishment of Umeå University in 1965. The Municipality of Umeå has invested heavily in the cultural sector since the 1970s as a way of increasing the city’s attractiveness as a place to live. The city’s main cultural assets include Norrlandsoperan (Northlands Opera), the Bildmuseet (Museum of the Image) and a new cultural venue, Väven (open in 2014), which hosts the Umeå City Library, a new Women’s History Museum, studios, a theatre and a hotel. Umeå2014 adopted the slogan “Curiosity and Passion” and pursued three objectives: human growth, sustainable development, international relations. The cultural programme was based on the overarching concept of Umeå as the “The Northern Room” in the European “house”. Within this overarching concept, a number of specific themes were explored, including some relating to the culture, lands and identity of the Sami people, the indigenous people of northern Scandinavia who have traditionally made their living from reindeer herding. The cultural programme was also structured around the eight seasons of the Sami calendar. Many events explored and highlighted Sami culture in all its forms, e.g. rock-art, music, crafts, dress. Various collaborations and events took place across the Sápmi area of Norrland, as well as in Finland and Norway. The European and international dimension was also ensured through a large number of collaborations with artists and cultural organisations in other countries, such as the Chinese TAO Dance Theatre or the Spanish La Fura dels Baus. Umeå2014 was implemented by a team working within the Municipality of Umeå. However, a key feature was the use of the “Open Source” approach based on co- creation and participation. In essence, the Open Source approach involved setting broad themes and criteria for the programme as a whole and then inviting cultural operators to “fill” the programme themselves. The objective of the Open Source approach was, in part, to facilitate
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