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Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology PROCEEDINGS of the 4th International conference "Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology" (PlantGen2017) Best Western Plus Atakent Park Hotel May 29 – June 02, 2017, Almaty, Kazakhstan УДК 581 (063) ББК 28.5 Р71 "Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology": Материалы Международной конференции 4th International conference PlantGen2017 / под общей редакцией Е.К. Туруспекова, С.И. Абугалиевой. – Алматы: ИББР, 2017 – 216 с. ISBN 978-601-80631-2-1 В сборнике представлены материалы 4 Международной конференции по генетике, геномике, биоинформатике и биотехнологии растений (PlantGen2017), проведенной в г. Алматы 29 мая -2 июня 2017 г. В публикациях изложены результаты оригинальных исследований в области изучения, сохранения и использования генетических ресурсов, генетики и селекции, биоинформатики и биотехнологии растений. Сборник рассчитан на биологов, генетиков, биотехнологов, селекционеров, специалистов, занимающихся генетическими ресурсами растений, и студентов биологического и сельско-хозяйственного профиля. Тезисы докладов представлены в авторской редакции. Рекомендовано к изданию Ученым советом РГП «Института биологии и биотехнологии растений» Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (Протокол № 2 от 04.05.2017 г.). УДК 581 (063) ББК 285 ISBN 978-601-80631-2-1 © ИББР, 2017 2 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference "Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology" (PlantGen2017) May 29 – June 02 2017 – Almaty, Kazakhstan Editors Yerlan Turuspekov, Saule Abugalieva Publisher Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology Plant Molecular Genetics Lab ISBN: 978-601-80631-2-1 Responsibility for the text content of each abstract is with the respective authors. Date: May 29 – June 02 2017 Venue: Best Western Plus Atakent Park Hotel, 42 Timiryazev str., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan Conference webpage: http://primerdigital.com/PlantGen2017/en/ Hosted by: Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB), Almaty, Kazakhstan Correct citation: Turuspekov Ye., Abugalieva S. (editors) (2017) Proceedings of the 4th International conference "Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology" (PlantGen2017), Almaty, Kazakhstan, May 29 – June 02 2017, IPBB, Almaty, Kazakhstan; ISBN 978-601-80631-2-1 ISBN 978-601-80631-2-1 © IPBB, 2017 3 Welcome Greetings from the organizers With great privilege and pleasure my team and I took over responsibility to organize the 4th PlantGen 2017 international conference in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Approximately 200 participants from 15 different countries of the World are attending this event. We will witness 12 plenary talks from leading scientists in the field of Plant Genetics, 46 oral and 71 poster presentations, among them 38 presenters are students. We often say that Kazakhstan is the land where East meets West, and it is truly multicultural country where over 130 ethnics groups living in peace and friendship. Therefore, it is very symbolic that we have large groups of colleagues attending this forum from almost all former USSR countries, from Europe, from Far East and West Asia. We are happy to see here old friends and looking forward to find new friends and partners! Using this opportunity I would like to thank the Local Organizing Committee led by Dr. Saule Abugalieva and her entire group at the IPBB for their outstanding job in managing all aspects in preparation of the conference. I also thank my co-chair of the International Organizing Committee Dr. Elena Salina for her enthusiastic work in advertising this forum in Russian Federation, and we are very happy to have more than 60 attendees from the Russian Federation, and this is a largest group among foreign countries. My special thanks to Dr. Ruslan Kalendar (NCB, Astana, Kazakhstan), who was in charge of our web page design and administration. Without sponsors and industry support this conference could not be accomplished. Therefore, I appreciate all our supporters, including the administration of the Best Western Plus Atakent Park Hotel - the venue of this event, for their valuable help to host this conference in Almaty. Finally, I am grateful to all participants of the PlantGen 2017 for your interest in this conference and trust that you will enjoy presentations, exchange ideas and knowledge, establish new contacts and cooperation, and appreciate your stay in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Yerlan Turuspekov Chairman of the International Organizing Committee PlantGen 2017, IPBB, Almaty, Kazakhstan 4 Session 1. GGeenneettiicc RReessoouurrcceess aanndd EEvvoolluuttiioonn 5 PlantGen 2017. Session 1. Genetic Resources and Evolution Plenary Session TAXONOMY, ARCHITECTONIC OF PLANT AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS Triticum L. N. P. Goncharov Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Searching for ways of biodiversity increasing and preservation is the key point in biology of the 21st century, whereas increasing and preservation of cultivated wheat species biodiversity is a strategic task of food security. The first step of reasonable biodiversity preservation is drawing up a phenotypic identification and inventory and the second is its genetic and taxonomic analysis. Distribution areas of wheat landraces, local endemic species and their related wheat species are continuously reducing. So collecting, replenishing, reproducing, studying and maintaining those species living, being a constant supply for breeding are important to preserve biodiversity resources and future food security. It is obviously not feasible to gather again Vavilov’s or Kihara’s wheat biodiversity collections, even after following the routes of their expeditions. Nature has not spared the biodiversity existing in their times, and this emphasizes the significance of reasonable maintenance of the maximally possible biodiversity presently stored in genebanks. The questions of how to preserve and of what to undertake so that biodiversity would not be subjected to erosion are more timely as ever. Reduction in the natural areas of wild endangered wheat species, as well as in their polymorphism due to their reproduction in small populations: in genebanks, decrease the potential biodiversity of cultivated wheat species. To knowledgeably preserve gene pools maintained as small size populations, accessions should be fuller genetically characterised. This would allow goal-oriented preservation of the natural gene pool of the accessions. Rearrangement of huge germplasm bank collections is the taxonomy task. Traditionally, the taxonomy methods are based on revealing the affinity among organisms, determining the homology of their traits and common origin. At present, there is a tendency of juxtaposition of classical taxonomy, which had historically developed on the basis of comparative morphology, against modern taxonomy based on genetic and molecular-genetic investigations. The main goal of modern wheat taxonomy is to establish such a classification of whear genera and species which would reflect both their phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure. Good and rigorous taxomony is necessary for effective conservation and increasing cultivated plant biodiversity by introgressive hybridization. This is complicated by the lack of consensus concerning the taxonomy of wheat species and subspecies and by unresolved questions regarding the domestication and spread of naked wheats. Poor classifications are not just less useful, they are positively harmful. In the absence of acceptable criteria for distinguishing individual taxa, genebank staff cannot be expected to monitor the purity of their accessions, and important accessions may be eliminated because their significance is not appreciated. Indeed, failure to provide formal taxonomic, and hence nomenclatural, recognition of distinct entities may lead to what Dr. Michael Windham has referred to as ‘‘extinction by nomenclature.’’ Clearly, a classification that requires expertise in cytogenetic and/or molecular genetics will not be practical for many of those who work with Triticum. What is needed is a classification system that takes account of phylogenetic, cytogenetic, and molecular information but is accompanied by detailed morphological descriptions, workable keys, and correct nomenclature. The place of some subspecies in the genera Triticum taxomony is discussed. Swaminatan and Rao (1961) showed that differences in taxonomically important traits of hexaploid wheats are controlled by four pairs of nonallelic genes. The review examines the state of knowledge about those taxonomically important genes which control the architectonics of wheat plant (spike morphology). These knowledge gaps hinder crop diversity conservation efforts and allows to produce a modern wheat commercial cultivars. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant number: 16-16-10021). 6 PlantGen 2017. Session 1. Genetic Resources and Evolution Plenary Session THE EVOLUTION OF THE WHEAT GRASSES: CENOGENOME VS. TAXONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION Frank R. Blattner, Nadine Bernhardt Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany E-mail: [email protected] The wheat grasses (Triticeae–Poaceae) are notorious for their complex patterns of evolutionary relationships. This is partly due to the high amount of allopolyploid taxa combining the genomes of two to four parental species/genera. But also on the level of diploid taxa phylogenetic inference did up to now not result in a convincing hypothesis of species
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