PUBLIC POLICY IN CRISIS? UNDERSTANDING POLICY­MAKING IN

UNE CRISE DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES ? COMMENT SE FONT LES POLITIQUES AU CANADA

PROGRAMME Annual conference Conférence annuelle of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill March 26 and 27, 2009 Du 26 au 27 mars 2009 McGill Faculty Club Faculty Club de McGill Montréal, Québec, Canada Montréal (Québec) Canada

DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE MESSAGE DE LA DIRECTRICE

Dear Friends and Colleagues, Chers amis et collègues,

Welcome to the McGill Institute for the Study of Bienvenue à la conférence 2009 de l’Institut d’études Canada’s 2009 conference, Public Policy in Crisis? canadiennes de McGill : Une crise des politiques Understanding Policy‐Making in Canada. publiques ? Comment se font les politiques au Canada.

Since 1995, the McGill Institute for the Study of L’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill est fier Canada has been proud to convene annual d’organiser depuis 1995 des conférences annuelles visant conferences to foster informed, non‐partisan à promouvoir un débat informé et non‐partisan sur les discussions of issues affecting , ranging sujets qui concernent les Canadiens, comme les relations from ‐Canada relations, Aboriginal issues, Québec‐Canada, les questions autochtones, la citizenship and health care to Canadian media, the citoyenneté et les soins de santé, ou encore les médias, la Charter, and cultural policy. These public events, Charte et la politique culturelle. Ces événements publics, designed to raise provocative questions and conçus pour soulever des questions stimulantes et encourage open debate, have brought together encourager un débat ouvert ont rassemblé des centaines hundreds of practitioners, academics, students, de praticiens, d’universitaires, d’étudiants et de politicians and engaged citizens, and have attracted politiciens ; ils ont suscité l’intérêt des citoyens et reçu national and international media coverage. une couverture médiatique nationale et internationale.

For our 2009 annual conference, we turn our focus Nous avons choisi de consacrer la conférence annuelle de to crucial issues associated with public policy in 2009 aux questions cruciales soulevées par la politique Canada. The theme of the conference stems from a publique au Canada. Le thème de la conférence résulte larger research agenda that has been looking at the d’un programme de recherche plus vaste qui a examiné twin challenges of innovation and implementation in le double défi de l’innovation et de l’exécution lorsque policy‐making. Our goal this year is to engage a sont établies les politiques. Notre but cette année est broad cross‐section of academics and policy makers d’inviter un large échantillon d’universitaires et de to examine and evaluate the policy‐making process décideurs à examiner et évaluer le processus itself, particularly in regard to the challenges of d’élaboration des politiques en soi, particulièrement dans responding to crises. Ultimately, the objective of this le contexte difficile de la résolution de crises. Finalement, conference will be to bring new perspectives to bear cette conférence a pour objectif d’éclairer par de on the drivers that shape – and will have an impact nouvelles perspectives les forces qui déterminent la e upon – Canada’s public policy in the 21st century. politique publique du Canada au 21 siècle et auront un impact sur celle‐ci. As the conference unfolds, I invite you to communicate your ideas, consider divergent Je vous invite à communiquer vos idées tout au long de la perspectives and meet new people who share your conférence, à prendre en considération des perspectives interest in trying to understand the challenges divergentes et à rencontrer des personnes qui s’efforcent associated with the policy‐making process. To all comme vous de mieux comprendre les défis soulevés par those attending or participating in our sessions, I le processus d’établissement des politiques. Je voudrais wish to thank you for joining us in Montréal. remercier tous ceux qui assistent à nos scéances ou y participent de nous avoir rejoints à Montréal. Yours sincerely, Très cordialement, Antonia Maioni, Ph.D.

Director, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada Directrice, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill Associate Professor of Political Science and Professeure agrégée de sciences politiques et William Dawson Scholar, McGill University Boursière William Dawson, Université McGill

2 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009

SUMMARY SOMMAIRE

THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2009 LE JEUDI 26 MARS 2009

3:00 p.m. Conference Registration 15 h Inscription

4:00 p.m. Pre‐Conference Panel 16 h Table ronde pré‐conférence The State of Public Policy Research L’état actuel de la recherche en politique and publique et de l’éducation au Canada

6:00 p.m. Words of Welcome 18 h Mot de bienvenue

6:15 p.m. Opening Keynote Address 18 h 15 Discours d’ouverture The Honourable James M. Flaherty L’honorable James M. Flaherty

6:45 p.m. Opening Cocktail 18 h 45 Cocktail de bienvenue

FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2009 LE VENDREDI 27 MARS 2009

8:00 a.m. Conference Registration 8 h Inscription

8:45 a.m. Words of Welcome 8 h 45 Mot de bienvenue

9:00 a.m. Keynote Address 9 h Discours spécial Kevin G. Lynch Kevin G. Lynch

9:30 a.m. Plenary I 9 h 30 Séance I Does Evidence Matter in Quelle est l’importance des données Policy‐Making? factuelles en politique publique ?

11:00 a.m. Break 11 h Pause

11:15 a.m. Plenary II 11 h 15 Séance II Do Big Crises Generate Les grandes crises engendrent ‐ elles des

Bad Policy? mauvaises politiques ?

12:45 p.m. Lunch 12 h 45 Déjeuner

2:00 p.m. Plenary III 14 h Séance III How Many Cooks in the Qui sont les acteurs dans les coulisses de Policy‐Making Kitchen? la politique publique ?

3:30 p.m. Break 15 h 30 Pause

3:45 p.m. Plenary IV 15 h 45 Séance IV Do Media and Public Les médias et l’opinion publique Opinion Really Matter? comptent‐ils vraiment ?

5:15 p.m. Closing Remarks & Cocktail 17 h 15 Mot de clôture et cocktail

All events will be held at the Toutes les activités se dérouleront au McGill Faculty Club and Conference Centre Faculty Club et Centre de conférences de McGill (3450 McTavish Street) (3450, rue McTavish)

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 3 THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2009 JEUDI 26 MARS 2009

3:00 p.m. Registration / Inscription 15 h

4:00 p.m. THE STATE OF PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN CANADA / 16 h L’ÉTAT ACTUEL DE LA RECHERCHE EN POLITIQUE PUBLIQUE ET DE L’ÉDUCATION AU CANADA

Moderator / Modératrice : > Wendy Thomson, Professor of Social Policy, McGill University / Professeure de politique sociale, Université McGill

Panelists / Panélistes : > Bruce Doern, Distinguished Research Professor, School of Public Policy and Administration / Professeur et chercheur éminent, École de politique et d’administration publique, > Sharon Manson Singer, President, Canadian Policy Research Networks / Présidente, Réseaux canadiens de recherche en politiques publiques

Commentators / Commentateurs : > Mel Cappe, President, Institute for Research on Public Policy / Président, Institut de recherche en politiques publiques > The Right Honourable / Le trés honorable Joe Clark, Professor of Practice for Public‐Private Sector Partnerships, Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University / Professeur praticien en partenariats publics‐privés, Centre d’études sur les régions en développement, Université McGill > Philippe Couillard, Senior Fellow in Health Law, McGill Research Group on Health and Law / Agrégé supérieur de recherches en droit de la santé, Groupe de recherche sur la santé et le droit, Université McGill

6:00 p.m. WORDS OF WELCOME / MOT DE BIENVENUE 18 h > Antonia Maioni, Director, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University / Directrice, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill, professeure agrégée, département de sciences politiques, Université McGill

> Heather Munroe‐Blum, Principal and Vice‐Chancellor, McGill University / Principale et vice‐ chancelière, Université McGill

6:15 p.m. OPENING KEYNOTE ADDRESS / DISCOURS D’OUVERTURE 18 h 15 > The Honourable / L’honorable James M. Flaherty, Minister of Finance, Department of Finance Canada / Ministre des Finances, Ministère des Finances Canada

6:45 p.m. Opening Cocktail / Cocktail de bienvenue 18 h 45

4 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2009 VENDREDI 27 MARS 2009

8:00 a.m. Registration / Inscription 8 h

8:45 a.m. WORDS OF WELCOME / MOT DE BIENVENUE 8 h 45 > Antonia Maioni, Director, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University / Directrice, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill, professeure agrégée, département de sciences politiques, Université McGill

> Heather Munroe‐Blum, Principal and Vice‐Chancellor, McGill University / Principale et vice‐

chancelière, Université McGill

> Lili de Grandpré, Co‐chair, Board of Trustees, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Founder and Managing Director, CenCEO Consulting / Coprésidente du conseil d’administration, Institut

d’études canadiennes de McGill, Fondatrice et directrice générale, CenCEO Conseil

> Christopher P. Manfredi, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Arts, McGill University / Doyen et professeur, Faculté des arts, Université McGill

9:00 a.m. KEYNOTE ADDRESS / DISCOURS D’OUVERTURE 9 h > Kevin G. Lynch, Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet, Privy Council Office / Greffier du Conseil privé et secrétaire du Cabinet, Bureau du Conseil privé

Panel I / Séance I

9:30 a.m. DOES EVIDENCE MATTER IN POLICY‐MAKING? / 9 h 30 QUELLE EST L’IMPORTANCE DES DONNÉES FACTUELLES EN POLITIQUE PUBLIQUE ?

How does evidence‐based research influence public policy? How is evidence considered by policy makers in prioritizing issues and in analyzing alternative solutions? How and when do governments use evidence‐based research?

Quelle est l’influence de la recherche factuelle sur la politique publique ? En quoi les données factuelles poussent‐elles les dirigeants politiques à donner la priorité à certains problèmes et à analyser d’autres solutions possibles ? Comment et quand les gouvernements ont‐ils recours à la recherche factuelle ?

Moderator / Modérateur : > Christopher P. Manfredi, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Arts, McGill University / Doyen et professeur, Faculté des arts, Université McGill

Panelists / Panélistes: > Ian Ross Brodie, Visiting Fellow, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Senior Counselor, Hill & Knowlton Canada / Chercheur invité, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill, Conseiller en chef, Hill & Knowlton Canada > Wendy Thomson, Professor of Social Policy, McGill University / Professeure de politique sociale, Université McGill > Matthew Mendelsohn, Founding Director, Mowat Centre for Public Policy Innovation, School of Public Policy and Governance/ Directeur fondateur, Centre Mowat d’innovation en politique publique, École de politique publique et de gouvernance, > The Right Honourable / Le trés honorable Joe Clark, Professor of Practice for Public‐Private Sector Partnerships, Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University / Professeur praticien en partenariats publics‐privés, Centre d’études sur les régions en développement, Université McGill

11:00 a.m. Break / Pause 11 h

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 5 FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2009 / VENDREDI 27 MARS 2009 Panel II / Séance II

11:15 a.m. DO BIG CRISES GENERATE BAD POLICY? / 11 h 15 LES GRANDES CRISES ENGENDRENT ‐ ELLES DES MAUVAISES POLITIQUES ? How does a “crisis” affect public policy? Does a crisis allow government to act more efficiently, or simply react with little time for analysis or reflection? Does a crisis limit the influence of outside actors in the policy making process?

Comment une « crise » affecte‐t‐elle la politique publique ? Une crise pousse‐t‐elle le gouvernement à agir avec plus d’efficacité ou simplement à réagir à brûle‐pourpoint, sans prendre le temps nécessaire pour l’analyse et la réflexion ? Une crise limite‐t‐elle l’influence des acteurs externes sur le processus de décision politique ?

Moderator / Modérateur : > William Watson, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Economics, McGill University / Professeur agrégé et directeur, Département de science économique, Université McGill

Panelists / Panélistes : > Mel Cappe, President, Institute for Research on Public Policy / Président, Institut de recherche en politiques publiques > Philippe Couillard, Senior Fellow in Health Law, McGill Research Group on Health and Law / Chercheur principal en droit de la santé, Groupe de recherche sur la santé et le droit, Université McGill > Peter Russell, Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science / Professeur émérite, Département de science politique, University of Toronto

12:45 p.m. Lunch / Déjeuner 12 h 45 Panel III / Séance III

2:00 p.m. HOW MANY COOKS IN THE POLICY‐MAKING KITCHEN? / 14 h QUI SONT LES ACTEURS DANS LES COULISSES DE LA POLITIQUE PUBLIQUE ?

Where do innovative public policy ideas come from? Who are the drivers of public policy from outside government? Can societal actors influence the policy process? Are there too many actors in the policy making process?

D’où viennent les idées innovatrices en matière de politique publique ? Qui sont les individus qui conduisent les politiques publiques à l’extérieur du gouvernement ? Les acteurs sociaux peuvent‐ils influencer le processus politique ? Y a‐t‐il trop d’acteurs dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques ?

Moderator / Modérateur : > Denis Saint‐Martin, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Université de Montréal, Director, European Union Centre for Excellence, Université de Montréal and McGill University / Professeur agrégé, Département de science politique, Université de Montréal, Directeur, Centre d’excellence sur l’union européenne, Université de Montréal et Université McGill

Panelists / Panélistes: > Pearl Eliadis, Human rights lawyer / avocate, spécialiste en droits de la personne > Leslie A. Pal, Chancellor’s Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration / Professeur chancelier de politique et d’administration publique, Carleton University > Mary Simon, President / Présidente, Tapiriit Kanatami > B. Guy Peters, Maurice Falk Professor of American Government, Department of Political Science / Titulaire de la chaire Maurice Falk, professeur d’administration américaine, Département de science politique, University of Pittsburgh

6 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2009 / VENDREDI 27 MARS 2009 3:30 p.m. Break / Pause 15 h 30 Panel IV / Séance IV

3:45 p.m. DO MEDIA AND PUBLIC OPINION REALLY MATTER? / 15 h 45 LES MÉDIAS ET L’OPINION PUBLIQUE COMPTENT‐ILS VRAIMENT ?

How does the mass media inform or shape public opinion on issues of public policy? Does public opinion influence public policy? In what ways have governments used public opinion research to develop public policy?

De quelle façon les médias informent‐ils et façonnent‐ils l’opinion publique sur les questions de politique publique ? L’opinion publique influence‐t‐elle la politique publique ? De quelles manières les gouvernements ont‐ils utilisé la recherche sur l’opinion publique pour développer la politique publique ?

Moderator / Modérateur : > L. Ian MacDonald, Editor, Policy Options, Institute for Research on Public Policy / Rédacteur, Options Politiques, Institut de recherche en politiques publiques

Panelists / Panélistes : > Christopher Waddell, Associate Director, School of Journalism and Communication / Directeur associé, École de journalisme et de communication, Carleton University > Nik Nanos, President and CEO Nanos Research, Research Associate Professor, Canadian Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo / Président‐directeur général, Nanos Research, Professeur‐chercheur agrégé, études canadiennes, State University of New York at Buffalo > Sandra Buckler, Consultant / Consultante > Alain Dubuc, Journalist / Chroniqueur, La Presse

5:15 p.m. CLOSING REMARKS / MOT DE CLÔTURE 17 h 15

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 7 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES NOTES BIOGRAPHIQUES SPEAKERS, CHAIRS and KEYNOTES CONFÉRENCIERS, MODÉRATEURS et CONFÉRENCIERS D’HONNEUR

BRODIE, Ian Deputy Minister of Labour and Chairman of the Employment Visiting Fellow, McGill Institute for the Study of Insurance Commission. Mr. Cappe has a Masters degree in Canada, Senior Counselor, Hill & Knowlton Canada / Economics from the University of Western Ontario and did doctoral Chercheur invité, Institut d’études canadiennes de studies at the University of Toronto. He is married to Marni, and McGill, Conseiller en chef, Hill & Knowlton Canada they have two children.

Ian Brodie is Visiting Fellow at the McGill Institute CLARK, The Right Honourable Joe for the Study of Canada and Senior Counselor at Hill Professor of Practice for Public‐Private Sector & Knowlton Canada. Until July 1, 2008, he was Chief Partnerships, Centre for Developing Area Studies, of Staff to Canada’s Prime Minister, the Right Honourable Stephen McGill University / Professeur praticien en Harper. Ian previously served as the Executive Director of the partenariats publics‐privés, Centre d’études sur les Conservative Party of Canada. Born and raised in Toronto, Ian régions en développement, Université McGill studied political science at McGill University and later at the . His published academic research focuses The Right Honourable Joe Clark was Prime Minister, primarily on the political role of the Canadian courts. Ian lives in Foreign Minister and Minister of Constitutional Ottawa with his wife and two children. Affairs of Canada, and was elected eight times to the House of Commons. He is Chairman of CSR Developments, an innovative BUCKLER, Sandra Canadian company which is harvesting the forests trapped under Consultant / Consultante Volta Lake in Ghana, and a board member of BDA (Fondation Biotechnologie pour le développement durable en afrique). He is Sandra Buckler has 19 years of experience in also Professor of Practice for Private‐Public Sector Partnerships in communications and public affairs with private and the Centre for Developing‐Area Studies at McGill University. He has public sectors in Canada, the United States and led international Election Observation teams to Cameroon (2004), internationally. She most recently served as the the Democratic Republic of Congo (2006) and Nigeria (2007) and, Director of Communications to the Prime Minister of among other activities, is a member of the Global Leadership Canada, the Right Honourable . She Foundation, the Inter‐American Dialogue, the board of Pearson held that position from February 2006, until she stepped down in College, and the International Advisory Board of Governors of the July 2008. Before accepting the position of Director of Canadian Institute of Governance Innovation (CIGI). He is married to Communications, she was a vice president with GPC, a national the Canadian author and lawyer Maureen McTeer, and is a public affairs company, where she provided communications Companion of the Order of Canada, and a member of the Alberta counsel and public affairs advice to various clients, including De Order of Excellence and l’Ordre de la Pléiade. Beers Canada, Bombardier, Coca Cola and Rogers. Prior to her entry into the private sector, Ms. Buckler served in the federal and COUILLARD, Philippe provincial levels of government. Specifically, she served as an Senior Fellow in Health Law, McGill Research Group advisor to three Ministers of Defence, holding various positions, on Health and Law / Chercheur principal en droit de including Special Advisor for Ontario, Press Secretary, and la santé, Groupe de recherche sur la santé et le droit, ultimately, Legislative Assistant and Senior Policy Advisor. In Université McGill addition, she has been politically active in numerous Conservative Leadership and election campaigns federally, in Ontario and British Dr. Couillard was Québec's Minister of Health and Columbia. She is married to Navy Captain Richard Gravel and they Social Services from April 2003 to June 2008. reside in Ottawa. Professor in the Université de Sherbrooke’s Faculty of Medicine from 1996 to 2003, he also served as head surgeon and CAPPE, Mel director of the Surgery Department at the Centre hospitalier President, Institute for Research on Public Policy / universitaire de Sherbrooke from 2000 to 2003. He is co‐founder of Président, Institut de recherche en politiques a neurosurgery service in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, where he worked publiques from 1992 to 1996. Prior to that, he was head of the Department of Neurosurgery at St‐Luc Hospital in Montréal from 1989 to 1992. Mel Cappe began his term as president of the IRPP Since Oct. 1, 2008, he has been a partner with Persistence Capital on June 1, 2006. Prior to joining the IRPP, Mr. Cappe Partners in . He obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1979, spent more than 30 years in the Canadian public as well as a degree in neurosurgery from the Université de service, most recently as the High Commissioner for Montréal, a specialist certificate from the Collège des médecins du Canada to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Québec and a specialist certificate from the Royal College of Ireland. Prior to that, he was Canada’s top public servant as Clerk of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1985. the Privy Council, Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Public Service in January 1999, relinquishing the position in May of 2002 to become Special Advisor to Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. He has also held senior economic and policy positions in federal government departments in Ottawa, including the Treasury Board, Department of Finance and Consumer and Corporate Affairs. He has served as Deputy Secretary to the Treasury Board, Deputy Minister of the Environment, Deputy Minister of Human Resources Development,

8 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 DE GRANDPRÉ, Lili ELIADIS, Pearl Co‐chair, Board of Trustees, McGill Institute for the Human rights lawyer / avocate, spécialiste en droits Study of Canada, Founder and Managing Director, de la personne CenCEO Consulting / Coprésidente du conseil d’administration, Institut d’études canadiennes de A graduate of McGill and Oxford universities, Pearl’s McGill, Fondatrice et directrice générale, CenCEO practice focuses on the intersection between law, Conseil public policy and public administration. Clients include national governments, intergovernmental Lili de Grandpré a fondé CenCEO Conseil, une organizations such as the UN and the European société de conseil en gestion, en 2005. De 1991 à 2004, elle a Commission and international development organizations. She has travaillé chez Mercer Consulting à Toronto, Londres et Montréal où worked in Rwanda, Timor Leste, Tajikistan and Ethiopia. In Canada, elle a occupé plusieurs postes de direction. En 2003‐2004, elle était Pearl was Senior Research Director of the Policy Research Initiative chef de la stratégie en matière de ressources humaines chez Mercer. (2001‐2003), Director of the Ontario Human Rights Commission De 1997 à 2002, elle a dirigé le bureau canadien de Mercer (1995‐2001) and President of Equitas, Canada’s human rights Management Consulting. De 1977 à 1989, elle a travaillé à la education NGO (1990‐1995). She is a recipient of the Canada 125 Banque de Montréal, son dernier poste ayant été celui de vice‐ Commemorative Medal and the 2006 Women of Distinction Award présidente – Marketing et développement des produits. Lili siège (YWCA), and sits on a number of boards including Canadian Lawyers dans plusieurs conseils d’administration et comités exécutifs, entre Abroad, the McGill Law Faculty’s Echenberg Family Conference autres à Centraide, à l’Université McGill, à l’École nationale du Series on Human Rights, and the Shield of Athena, a community cirque, à la Fondation canadienne des jeunes entrepreneurs et service organization supporting women and children who are l’Orchestre symphonique de Montréal. Elle a été nommée Femme victims of conjugal violence. Publications include The Controversy de mérite par le YWCA de Montréal en 2003, et Femme d’honneur Entrepreneurs (Maisonneuve magazine, Fall 2008) which deals with par la Chambre de commerce de Montréal (2001). De 1992 à 2001, hate speech in Canada; Inscribing Charter Values in Policy Processes elle a été professeure invitée à l’Institut de développement exécutif (2006) and Designing Government (2005). de Queen’s University. Elle possède un baccalauréat ès arts, une maîtrise en journalisme et un MBA. Elle a récemment achevé le FLAHERTY, The Honourable James M. programme de l’École supérieure de régie d’entreprise de l’Institut Minister of Finance, Department of Finance des administrateurs de sociétés. Canada / Ministre des Finances, Ministère des Finances Canada DOERN, Bruce Distinguished Research Professor, School of Public Jim Flaherty is a second term Member of Parliament Policy and Administration / Professeur et chercheur for Whitby‐Oshawa (Ontario), first elected in 2006. éminent, École de politique et d’administration Since then, he has served as Canada's Minister of publique, Carleton University Finance and Minister Responsible for the Greater Toronto Area. He is a Governor of the World Bank and the Bruce Doern is Distinguished Research Professor in International Monetary Fund. As Minister of Finance, he is also an the School of Public Policy and Administration at ex‐officio member of all Cabinet Committees. Previously, from 1995 Carleton University, and Emeritus Professor, Politics Department, to 2005, Jim served as the Member of Provincial Parliament for University of Exeter in the UK. A native of Winnipeg, he is the author Whitby‐Ajax. In Ontario, he served as Deputy Premier, Minister of or editor of 69 books and numerous articles on Canadian and Finance, Attorney General and Minister of Labour. He graduated comparative public policy, institutions and governance. His research from Princeton University cum laude and Osgoode Hall Law School. has been in policy fields and realms such as environment, trade, He was called to the Bar in Ontario with honours and practised law energy, science and technology, industrial, intellectual property, for more than twenty years before being elected to public office. Jim innovation, biotechnology, public spending, regulation, and taxation is married to Christine Elliott who serves as a Member of Provincial policy. He has been a Scholar in Residence at both the C.D. Howe Parliament for the same riding, Whitby‐Oshawa. They live in Whitby Institute and the Conference Board of Canada. His most recent with their 17‐year‐old triplet sons. books include: Governing the Energy Challenge: Canada and Germany in a Multi‐Level Regional and Global Context (co‐edited LYNCH, Kevin G. with Burkard Eberlein); Research and Innovation Policy: Changing Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Federal Government‐University Relations (co‐edited with Chris Cabinet, Privy Council Office / Greffier du Conseil Stoney); Red Tape, Red Flags: Regulation in the Innovation Age; privé et secrétaire du Cabinet, Bureau du Conseil Strategic Science in the Public Interest: Federal Government Labs and privé Science‐Based Agencies (with Jeff Kinder). He initiated and edits How Ottawa Spends, the Carleton School of Public Policy and Kevin G. Lynch is the Clerk of the Privy Council, Administration's annual review of national priorities and public Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Public spending, now in its 31st year. He has served as a consultant and Service since March 6, 2006. Mr. Lynch began his advisor to numerous federal and provincial departments and career at the Bank of Canada in 1976. He has held a number of agencies, royal commissions, interest groups, NGOs, and senior positions in the Finance and Industry departments, including international agencies. the post of Deputy Minister of Industry from 1995 to 2000, and Deputy Minister of Finance from March 2000 to September 2004. In DUBUC, Alain 2004, he moved from Ottawa to Washington, DC to serve as Journalist / Chroniqueur, La Presse Executive Director for the Canadian, Irish and Caribbean constituency at the International Monetary Fund. Mr. Lynch was Alain Dubuc est journaliste à La Presse depuis 1976. born in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He graduated with a B.A in Il y a été chroniqueur économique et éditorialiste en economics from Mount Allison University, received an M.A. in chef. Il a également été président et éditeur du economics from the University of Manchester and holds a Ph.D. in Soleil. Il est maintenant chroniqueur aux pages economics from McMaster University. Forum. Il a remporté de nombreux prix, dont le Concours canadien de journalisme en 2001, et le prix Hyman Solomon en 2008. Il a publié quatre livres.

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 9 MACDONALD, L. Ian MANSON SINGER, Sharon Editor, Policy Options, Institute for Research on President, Canadian Policy Research Networks / Public Policy / Rédacteur, Options Politiques, Institut Présidente, Réseaux canadiens de recherche en de recherche en politiques publiques politiques publiques

L. Ian MacDonald is Editor of Policy Options, Sharon Manson Singer has more than two decades Canada’s premier public policy magazine published of public sector experience as a policy leader, senior by the Institute for Research on Public Policy, writes executive manager and advisor to governments, regular columns on politics and policy for The business and non‐profit organizations. Her areas of Gazette, The National Post, and is a frequent commentator for CTV, expertise include health and social policy, research methods, CPAC and CBC. He is the author of the best‐selling biography, voluntary sector management and leadership. She has advised all Mulroney: The Making of the Prime Minister, and From Bourassa to levels of government in Canada and internationally on issues related Bourassa: Wilderness to Restoration a critically acclaimed narrative to income security and poverty reduction. From 1997 to 2001, she history of the Québec Liberal Party from 1976‐1994. He is the editor held a number of deputy minister positions in the of Free Trade: Risks and Rewards, a benchmarking of free trade. He government, including being the lead deputy minister for British is also co‐author of Leo: A Life, the best‐selling autobiography of Columbia during the creation of the National Child Benefit and the former Senator Leo Kolber, longtime adviser to the Bronfman family. National Children’s Agenda. Sharon was a tenured professor at the Previously, he was Minister of Public Affairs at the Canadian University of British Columbia and is also an adjunct professor at the Embassy in Washington from 1992 to 1994 and chief speechwriter School of Public Administration at the and to the from 1985 to 1988. Faculty of Management at Royal Roads University. Her PhD in social welfare economics is from Brandeis University in the United States MAIONI, Antonia where she studied as a National Welfare Fellow. Sharon has a long Director, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, history of service to the business and voluntary sectors having Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, served as Vice‐Chair of BC Hydro and BC Hydro International and on McGill University / Directrice, Institut d’études the executive boards of the United Way, Social Research and canadiennes de McGill, professeure agrégée, Development Corporation, Laurier Institute, Canadian Council on département de sciences politiques, Université Social Development, Centre for Non‐Profit Management, Britannia McGill Community Services Society, and BC Addiction Foundation among many others. Antonia Maioni is Director of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada. She is also an associate professor of Political MENDELSOHN, Matthew Science and William Dawson Scholar at McGill University. A Founding Director, Mowat Centre for Public Policy multilingual Montréaler, Antonia studied at Université Laval, the Innovation, School of Public Policy and Governance/ Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, and Northwestern University. She has held visiting Directeur fondateur, Centre Mowat d’innovation en politique publique, École de politique publique et de appointments at Harvard and Duke Universities in the U.S. and at gouvernance, University of Toronto the European University Institute in Italy. Dr. Maioni has published widely in the field of Canadian and comparative politics, with a Matthew Mendelsohn is the founding Director of particular focus on health policy. She comments extensively on the Mowat Centre for Public Policy Innovation, Canadian politics, Québec politics, and health care in both French Canada's newest independent public policy think tank, located in the and English language media across Canada. School of Public Policy and Governance at the University of Toronto. Prior to assuming his current position, Matthew served from 2004‐ MANFREDI, Christopher P. 2009 as a Deputy Minister in the Ontario government where he held Professor and Dean, Faculty of Arts, McGill responsibility, variously, for Intergovernmental Affairs, the University / Doyen et professeur, Faculté des arts, Democratic Renewal Secretariat, and the Office of International Université McGill Relations and Protocol. He also served as Associate Secretary to the Cabinet in Cabinet Office. Prior to joining the Ontario government, Dean Christopher P. Manfredi, Professor and former Matthew was a member of the Political Studies Department at Chair of the Department of Political Science at Queen’s University for over a decade where he published widely on McGill University, is an outstanding scholar and Canadian politics. From 1996‐1998, Matthew took a leave from authority on the role of the judiciary in democratic Queen’s to work with the federal government as a Senior Advisor in societies especially the Supreme Court, principally Canada and the the Privy Council Office. Matthew received his B.A. from McGill United States. His research focuses on law and the courts with a University and Ph.D. from l’Université de Montréal. Matthew makes particular emphasis on the political and policy impact of rights his home in Toronto, where he lives with his wife, Kirsten Mercer, litigation. He has published extensively in academic and professional their son Samuel, and their troublesome Rhodesian Ridgeback journals and is a highly regarded political and legal commentator. He named Whiskey. has written three books: Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of Liberal Constitutionalism; The Supreme Court and Juvenile Justice; and Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court: Legal Mobilization and the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund. He also co‐edited The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Reflections on the Charter after Twenty Years.

10 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 MUNROE‐BLUM, Heather PAL, Leslie A. Principal and Vice‐Chancellor, McGill University / Chancellor’s Professor of Public Policy and Public Principale et vice‐chancelière, Université McGill Administration / Professeur chancelier de politique et d’administration publique, Carleton University Heather Munroe‐Blum is Principal and Vice‐ Chancellor of McGill University and Professor in Leslie A. Pal is Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy Medicine. A distinguished psychiatric and Administration at Carleton University. He joined epidemiologist, she has dedicated her career to the Carleton University in 1992, after teaching at the advancement of higher education, science and University of Calgary for ten years. He has a B.A. in innovation, in Canada and internationally, advising governments and Political Science (Hons) from Mount Allison University, and a other organizations on the role that universities and research play in Doctorate from Queen’s University. From 2001 to 2005, he was advancing international competitiveness and enriching Director of the School of Public Policy and Administration. Professor societies. Prof. Munroe‐Blum is President of the Conférence des Pal has served on the national boards of the Canadian Political recteurs et des principaux des universités du Québec (CRÉPUQ) and Science Association, the Institute of Public Administration of serves on the executive committees of the Association of Canada, the Institute on Governance, and the Performance and Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC) and the Association of Planning Exchange. He also has served on the editorial boards of American Universities (AAU). She chairs the AUCC Standing Advisory Canadian Public Policy, Canadian Journal of Political Science, Committee on University Research (SACUR), and is a member of the Canadian Public Administration, and the Journal of Comparative Board of Governors of the Council of Canadian Academies. She is Policy Analysis. He was the Director of the Canadian Parliamentary also a member of the federal Science, Technology and Innovation Internship Programme from 1998 to 2001. Currently, he is co‐ Council (STIC), of the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and of the Director of the Centre on Governance and Public Management at Trilateral Commission. Prof. Munroe‐Blum holds a Ph.D. with Carleton University, and is also the Chair of the Accreditation Board distinction in epidemiology from the University of North Carolina at of the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration. Chapel Hill, in addition to M.S.W. (Wilfrid Laurier University) and For several years he worked with the Civil Service Training and B.A. and B.S.W. degrees (McMaster University). Named an Officer Development Institute of the Government of Hong Kong training of the Order of Canada for her outstanding record of achievements senior civil servants. He has worked on public sector reform projects in science, innovation and higher education policy, she holds in Ukraine, Russia, Armenia, and Georgia, and was Director for the numerous honorary degrees from Canadian and international School’s Canada/Russian Academy of Public Administration project universities. Prof. Munroe‐Blum is a Specially‐Elected Fellow of the under the Governance Advisory and Exchange Program. In July 2006, Royal Society of Canada and a Senior Fellow of Massey College. She at the 20th World Congress of the International Political Science was named a Grande Montréalaise, Montréal’s highest honour, in Association in Japan, he was elected to the Executive Committee of 2008. the Association for 2006‐2009. Dr. Pal is the author/editor of twenty‐four books, and over sixty book chapters and journal articles. NANOS, Nik President and CEO Nanos Research, Research PETERS, B. Guy Associate Professor, Canadian Studies State Maurice Falk Professor of American Government, University of New York at Buffalo / Président‐ Department of Political Science / Titulaire de la directeur général, Nanos Research, Professeur‐ chaire Maurice Falk, professeur d’administration chercheur agrégé, études canadiennes, State américaine, Département de science politique, University of New York at Buffalo University of Pittsburgh

As the founder and President of Nanos Research, B. Guy Peters is Maurice Falk Professor of American Mr. Nanos is one of Canada’s most trusted pollsters and is regularly Government at the University of Pittsburgh. He has called upon by senior decision‐makers to conduct research and to written extensively in the areas of public administration and public provide strategic counsel. His hallmark is his ability to provide policy, both for the United States and comparatively. Among his insightful advice to clients on complex issues ranging from recent publications are the Handbook of Public Administration and reputation management, to charting corporate expansions through The Quest for Control: Politicization of the Public Service. to client positioning on public policy issues. In addition to his responsibilities leading the team at the Nanos Research Group, he is RUSSELL, Peter a Research Associate Professor in Canadian Studies at the State Professor Emeritus, Department of Political University of New York at Buffalo. Mr. Nanos is the official pollster Science / Professeur émérite, Département de for Policy Options magazine and CPAC, the Cable Public Affairs science politique, University of Toronto Channel. His political commentary and polling data has been used in every major media outlet in Canada as well as The Wall Street Peter Russell is a University Professor Emeritus at Journal, The Economist, USA Today and The Guardian newspaper in the University of Toronto where he taught political the United Kingdom. Mr. Nanos is a past National President of the science from 1958 to his retirement in 1996. He has Marketing Research and Intelligence Association (MRIA) and a held visiting professor positions at ANU, Harvard Certified Marketing Research Professional (CMRP). The MRIA is University, and the European Institute. He is a past President of the Canada's national organization governing professionals engaged in Canadian Political Science Association, the Canadian Law and Society marketing, advertising, social and political research. As the past Association, and the Churchill Society for the Advancement of Publisher of the Canadian Journal of Marketing Research and past Parliamentary Democracy. He has published widely on Editor‐in‐Chief of Vue, the monthly magazine of the market research constitutional, judicial and aboriginal politics. He is an Officer of the industry, he is one of Canada's leading research practitioners. Order of Canada, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and holds honorary degrees from a number of universities and the Law Society of Upper Canada. Professor Russell is the author of the recently published Two Cheers for Minority Government: The Evolution of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy (Emond Montgomery Publications, 2008). He is also the co‐editor of Parliamentary Democracy in Crisis, a book of essays on the parliamentary crisis Canada experienced from November 2008 to the end of January 2009 published by University of Toronto Press.

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 11 SAINT‐MARTIN, Denis as Council of the Year. Before joining Newham, Wendy was Chief Associate Professor, Department of Political Executive of the national mental health charity Turning Point Science, Université de Montréal, Director, European working with the Princess of Wales as its patron. Wendy now Union Centre for Excellence, Université de Montréal teaches social policy, and is affiliated with a number of research and McGill University / Professeur agrégé, institutes including the McGill Centre for Research on Children and Département de science politique, Université de Families, the Institute for International Studies, and the Canadian Montréal, Directeur, Centre d’excellence sur l’union Academic Network on Global Health Diplomacy. Currently she has européenne, Université de Montréal et Université SSHRC funded research on social exclusion in , and McGill evidence‐based management. She is also active internationally advising governments on governance in Africa, Europe and the Denis Saint‐Martin est professeur agrégé au Département de Middle East. She serves as Director on several Boards including the science politique de l’Université de Montréal et professeur associé à Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, the McGill Sciences Po Paris dans le cadre du Master en affaires publiques University Health Centre and Pinnacle PSG UK. offert conjointement avec la London School of Economics et l’Université Columbia de New York. Il a poursuivi ses études WADDELL, Christopher doctorales et post‐doctorales en 1998 à l’Université Carleton et au Associate Director, School of Journalism and Minda de Gunzberg Center for European Studies de l’Université Communication / Directeur associé, École de Harvard. Il est spécialiste de l’administration publique comparée et journalisme et de communication, Carleton des questions de gouvernance. Ses recherches portent sur la University régulation de l’éthique en politique, l’État‐providence et le rôle de l’expertise dans le développement des politiques publiques. Ses Dr. Christopher Waddell joined the faculty in nombreux articles et livres se sont vus attribuer différents prix, dont Carleton University's School of Journalism and le Best Book Award de l’Academy of Management aux États‐Unis, le Communication in July 2001. Currently he teaches prix Herbert Kaufman de l’American Political Science Association, et business journalism, television current affairs reporting and web ont été nommés pour l’attribution du Prix Rudolf‐Wildenmann du publishing. He came to Carleton as the first occupant of the Carty European Consortium of Political Research. Il a également été Chair in Business and Financial Journalism, the first chair of its kind boursier Fulbright à la Kennnedy School of Government et conseiller in Canada, after a 21‐year career in print and broadcast journalism. en politique publique au Cabinet du Premier ministre du Canada. Il An experienced financial and political journalist, Dr. Waddell is a est responsable du volet politique sociale au sein du réseau former senior editor with the Financial Post, former reporter with stratégique de connaissance Dialogue transatlantique Canada‐ the Globe and Mail's Report on Business, and then the Globe's Europe. Ses recherches actuelles portent sur la théorie des Ottawa bureau chief, associate editor and national editor for the « engagements crédibles » et la politique de la délégation à des Globe and Mail. He was the first recipient of the National organismes indépendants dans la régulation de l’éthique Newspaper Award for Business reporting, winning in both 1987 and parlementaire et du lobbying dans l’Union européenne, au Canada 1988. In 1991, he joined the CBC as senior producer with The et aux États‐Unis. National and Sunday Report then moved to Ottawa in 1993 as parliamentary bureau chief for CBC Television News. He remained in SIMON, Mary that position while also being executive producer of news special programs for CBC Television. Programs for which he was responsible President / Présidente, won six Gemini Awards between 1995 and 2001. Dr. Waddell Mary May Simon was born in Kangiqsualujjuaq received a Ph.D in Canadian history from York University in 1981 (George River) in Nunavik (Northern Québec). She completing a thesis: The Wartime Prices and Trade Board: Price was elected to the position of President Inuit Tapiriit Controls and Consumer Rationing in World War II. Kanatami in July 2006. Ms. Simon has devoted her life's work towards gaining further recognition of WATSON, William Aboriginal rights and to achieving social justice for Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Inuit and other Aboriginal peoples nationally and internationally. In Economics, McGill University / Professeur agrégé et 1994, Ms. Simon was appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada to directeur, Département de science économique, be the first Canadian Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs. As part of Université McGill her work, she was instructed by the Government of Canada to take the lead in negotiating an eight country council, which is now known William Watson has taught economics at McGill as the . This Council was established in 1996 and since 1977. He was appointed Chair of the includes the active participation of the indigenous peoples of the Economics Department in June 2005. Born and Circumpolar Region. Mary Simon has received many honours for her raised in Montreal and educated at McGill and Yale, he is a Senior leadership in developing strategies for Aboriginal and Northern Research Fellow at Montreal’s Institute for Research on Public Policy affairs. She has been awarded the Order of Canada, National Order (IRPP) and a Research Fellow at the C. D. Howe Institute in Toronto. of Québec, the Gold Order of Greenland, and the National Aboriginal In 1997, he took a 21‐month leave from McGill and served as Achievement Award. editorial pages editor of the Ottawa Citizen. From 1998 to 2002 he edited the IRPP’s magazine, Policy Options politiques. His 1998 book, THOMSON, Wendy Globalization and the Meaning of Canadian Life, was runner‐up for Professor of Social Policy, McGill University / the Donner Prize for best Canadian policy book of the year. He Professeure de politique sociale, Université McGill writes on economics and other matters weekly in The National Post and every other week in The Gazette and Ottawa Citizen. In 1989, a Dr. Wendy Thomson, CBE, has a distinguished story of his in Saturday Night magazine won the National Magazine career in public services in the UK, prior to joining Awards Gold Medal for humour. McGill University in 2005 as Professor of Social Policy. Formerly, she served in No. 10 Downing Street as Prime Minister’s Chief Adviser on Public Service Reform. As Director of Inspection at the Audit Commission, she set up the first inspection service of local government in England and Wales. Until 1999, she was Chief Executive of the London Borough of Newham when the Council delivered major regeneration projects and improved its service performance, gaining recognition

12 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DE LA CONFÉRENCE

Institute Staff / Personnel de l’Institut Richard Schultz Antonia Maioni Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science, Director / Directrice McGill University / Professeur et directeur, Département de sciences politiques, Université McGill Johanne Bilodeau Assistant to the Director / Adjointe à la directice Stuart Soroka Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill Patrick Boily University / Professeur agrégé, Département de sciences politiques, Work Study Student / Étudiant, programme travail‐études Université McGill Adriana Goreta William Straw Administrative Coordinator / Coordonnatrice administrative Professor, Department of Art History and Communication Studies, Elsbeth Heaman McGill University / Professeur, Département d’histoire de l’art et Canadian Studies Program Director / Directrice du programme d’études en communication, Université McGill d’études canadiennes Wendy Thomson Luke Moreau Professor of Social Policy, McGill University / Professeure de Public Education Officer / Responsable de l’éducation publique politique sociale, Université McGill

Ian Rae William Watson Visiting Professor / Professeur invité Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Economics, McGill University / Professeur agrégé et directeur, Département de Mahshid Torkaman‐zehi science économique, Université McGill Secretary / Secrétaire Pascal Zamprelli Conference Steering Committee / Media Relations Office, McGill University / Comité de direction de la conférence Service des relations avec les médias, Université McGill Conference Partners / Partenaires de la conférence Keith Banting Professor of Political Studies and Policy Studies, School of Policy Max Bell Foundation / Fondation Max Bell Studies / Professeur d’études politiques et d’études des politiques Dean of Arts Development Fund / Fonds de développement du publiques, École d’études des politiques publiques, Queen’s doyen de la Faculté des arts University

Shelley Boyd Thanks / Remerciements Former Max Bell IIPP Post‐Doc, Faculty Lecturer, McGill Bruce Doern University / Ancienne post‐doctorante Max Bell IIPP, chargée Distinguished Research Professor, School of Public Policy and d’enseignement, Université McGill Administration / Professeur et chercheur éminent, École de politique et d’administration publique, Carleton University Ian Ross Brodie Visiting Fellow, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Senior Daniel Salée Counselor, Hill & Knowlton Canada / Chercheur invité, Institut Professor, Department of Political Science, / d’études canadiennes de McGill, Conseiller en chef, Hill & Professeur, Département de science politique, Université Concordia Knowlton Canada Sharon Manson Singer Mel Cappe President, Canadian Policy Research Networks / Présidente, President, Institute for Research on Public Policy / Président, Réseaux canadiens de recherche en politiques publiques Institut de recherche en politiques publiques Ian Rae Nathalie Cooke Former Max Bell IIPP Post‐Doc and Visiting Professor, McGill Associate Dean, Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts, Institute for the Study of Canada / Ancien post‐doctorant Max Bell Professor, Department of English, McGill University / Vice‐ IIPP et professeur invité, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill doyenne, études supérieures et recherche, Faculté des arts, Elizabeth Goodyear Grant professeure, département d’études anglaises, Université McGill Former Max Bell IIPP Post‐Doc and Assistant Professor, Patrick Fafard Department of Political Science / Ancienne post‐doctorante Max Senior Fellow, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, Bell IIPP et professeure adjointe, département de sciences University of Ottawa / Agrégé supérieur de recherches, École politiques, Queen’s University supérieure d’affaires publiques et internationales, Université Emmanuelle Richez d’Ottawa PhD Candidate (Political Science), McGill University / Étudiante au Antonia Maioni doctorat (sciences politiques), Université McGill Director, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Associate Cable Public Affairs Channel / Châine d’affaires publiques par Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University / câble Directrice, Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill, professeure agrégée, département de sciences politiques, Université McGill The Board of Directors of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada / Conseil d’administration de l’Institut d’études Christopher Manfredi canadiennes de McGill Professor and Dean, Faculty of Arts, McGill University / Doyen et professeur, Faculté des arts, Université McGill The McGill students working at the conference / Les étudiants et les étudiantes de McGill travaillant dans le cadre de la conférence Éric Montpetit Associate Professor, Department of Political Science / Professeur The Staff of the McGill Faculty Club / Le personnel du McGill agrégé, Département de science politique, Université de Montréal Faculty Club Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 13 NOTES

14 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009 NOTES

Conférence annuelle de l’Institut d’études canadiennes de McGill 2009 15 NOTES

16 Annual Conference of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada 2009