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Spionage En Activiteiten Van Inmenging Door Buitenlandse Inlichtingendiensten. De Reactie Van De Belgische Inlichtingen - En Veiligheidsdiensten Onderzocht

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Spionage En Activiteiten Van Inmenging Door Buitenlandse Inlichtingendiensten. De Reactie Van De Belgische Inlichtingen - En Veiligheidsdiensten Onderzocht FACULTEIT RECHTSGELEERDHEID Spionage en activiteiten van inmenging door buitenlandse inlichtingendiensten. De reactie van de Belgische inlichtingen - en veiligheidsdiensten onderzocht. Masterproef neergelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de criminologische wetenschappen door (00805081) ANTUNOVIC Kresimir Academiejaar 2013-2014 Promotor : Commissarissen : Prof. dr. Marc COOLS Prof. dr. Gert VERMEULEN Msc. Veerle PASHLEY “He that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator.” Francis Bacon , “Of Innovations” Trefwoorden : . Spionage . Inmenging . Counterintelligence . Inlichtingen – en veiligheidsdiensten Verklaring inzake toegankelijkheid van de masterproef criminologische wetenschappen Onder getekende, ANTUNOVIC Kresimir (00805081 geeft hierbij aan derden, zijnde andere personen dan de promotor (en eventuele co-promotor), de commissarissen of leden van de examencommissie van de master in de criminologische wetenschappen, [ de toelating] [geen toelating] (schrappen wat niet past) om deze masterproef in te zien, deze geheel of gedeeltelijk te kopiëren of er, indien beschikbaar, een elektronische kopie van te bekomen, waarbij deze derden er uiteraard slechts zullen kunnen naar verwijzen of uit citeren mits zij correct en volledig de bron vermelden. Deze verklaring wordt in zoveel exemplaren opgemaakt als het aantal exemplaren waarin de masterproef moet worden ingediend, en dient in elk van die exemplaren ingebonden onmiddellijk na het titelblad. Datum: 15/08/2014 Handtekening: …………………………… VOORWOORD Deze masterproef kwam tot stand met het oog op het behalen van het masterdiploma in de Criminologische wetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Gent. De verwezenlijking van deze thesis kon niet tot stand gekomen zijn zonder de steun en bereidwilligheid van de volgende personen. In de eerste instantie gaat mijn oprechte dank uit naar de heer prof. dr. Marc Cools wie fungeerde als mijn promotor en mij als eerste liet kennismaken met de wereld van de inlichtingen – en veiligheidsdiensten. Zijn kennis en raad hebben mee vorm gegeven aan de fundering en ontwikkeling van deze thesis evenals zijn feedback en steun. Het is een enorme eer geweest hem als promotor te hebben en ik heb ook zeer veel van hem geleerd. Een bijzonder woord van dank gaat naar de leden v an de Algemene Dienst Inlichtingen en Veiligheid & de Veiligheid van de Staat evenals het federaal parket. Ook een persoonlijke dank aan Kristof Clerix die zijn visie en kennis over de inlichtingendiensten wou delen. Ten slotte wens ik mijn ouders te bedanken voor hun onvoorwaardelijke steun in mijn studies. Met name mijn moeder die een enorme steun was en mij heeft geleerd dat volharding loont. Ongeacht de tegenslagen die men soms in het leven ervaart. i INHOUDSOPGAVE VOORWOORD .......................................................................................................................... i INHOUDSOPGAVE .................................................................................................................. ii LIJST VAN AFKORTINGEN ................................................................................................... v LIJST VAN FIGUREN ............................................................................................................. vi INLEIDENDE BESCHOUWINGEN ........................................................................................ 1 1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Situering onderwerp & motivering ........................................................................ 2 1.2. Doel en situering van het onderzoek. ..................................................................... 4 1.3. Onderzoeksvraag en deelvragen ............................................................................ 6 1.4. Onderzoekstechnieken ........................................................................................... 8 DEEL I : SPIONAGE .............................................................................................................. 11 1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 11 2. DEFINITIE ................................................................................................................... 12 3. INLICHTINGEN ALS HET DOEL VAN SPIONAGE .............................................. 12 4. VAN INFORMATIE TOT INLICHTING ................................................................... 13 4.1. Inlichtingenbronnen ............................................................................................. 13 4.1.1. OSINT ............................................................................................................ 13 4.1.2. HUMINT ........................................................................................................ 14 4.1.3. TECHINT ....................................................................................................... 17 4.1.3.1. SIGINT ..................................................................................................... 19 4.1.3.2. MASINT ................................................................................................... 20 4.1.3.3. IMINT ....................................................................................................... 21 4.1.4. CYBINT ......................................................................................................... 21 4.1.4.1. Social engineering .................................................................................... 23 4.1.4.2. Hacken ...................................................................................................... 24 4.1.4.3. Cyber weapons ......................................................................................... 26 4.1.5. Andere bestaande inlichtingenbronnen .......................................................... 28 4.2. Inlichtingencyclus ................................................................................................ 31 5. DE ROL VAN INLICHTINGEN ................................................................................ 34 6. BEWEEGREDENEN TOT SPIONAGE ..................................................................... 37 ii 6.1. Ideologie en toewijding ........................................................................................ 38 6.2. Geld en materiële goederen .................................................................................. 38 6.3. Wraak en vergelding ............................................................................................ 39 6.4. Seks, intimidatie en afpersing .............................................................................. 39 6.5. Redenen van vriendschap, etniciteit of religieuze solidariteit .............................. 40 6.6. „The Spy Game‟ en omwille van het spel ............................................................. 40 7. CASESTUDY: “DE RODE KOLONEL” ALIAS DE ZAAK BINET ........................ 41 8. BESLUIT ..................................................................................................................... 47 DEEL II. (BUITENLANDSE) INMENGING ......................................................................... 49 1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 49 2. DEFINTIE .................................................................................................................... 49 3. AGENT OF INFLUENCE ........................................................................................... 50 4. SOORTEN INMENGING EN HUN DOEL ................................................................ 52 4.1. Politieke inmenging .............................................................................................. 53 4.2. Economische inmenging ...................................................................................... 53 4.3. Ideologische inmenging ....................................................................................... 53 4.4. Religieuze inmenging ........................................................................................... 54 4.5. Inmenging in bevolkingsgroepen en gemeenschappen ........................................ 54 5. CASESTUDY : KRUPKA, AGENT D‟INFLUENCE ................................................ 54 6. BESLUIT ..................................................................................................................... 56 DEEL III. INLICHTINGENDIENSTEN, VEILIGHEIDSDIENSTEN EN HET FEDERAAL PARKET .................................................................................................................................. 58 1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 58 1.1. De Veiligheid van de Staat (VSSE) ..................................................................... 59 1.1.1. Opdrachten VSSE ........................................................................................... 60 1.1.2. Structuur VSSE............................................................................................... 61 1.2. De Algemene Dienst Inlichtingen en Veiligheid (ADIV) .................................... 64 1.1.3. Opdrachten ADIV ..........................................................................................
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