Scripta Islandica 66/2015
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Snorre Sturlesons Yngliga-Saga Öfversatt Och Förklarad. Akademisk
SNORRE STURLESONS YNGL INGA-SAGA ÖFVERSATT OCII FÖRKLARAD. Akademisk Afhandling som med vidtbeiömda Philosophiska Fakultetens tillstånd och under inseende af m a g . CARL SÄ VE DOCENS I PORNNORD. SPRÅKET för Philosophiska Graden till allmän granskning framställes af CARL NORDBERG NORRL. ä mindre Gustavianska Lärosalen d. 20 Maj 1854. p. v. t. e. in. S. U PPSALA, C. A. LKFFLER. 1854. SATSER FRAMSTÄLLDA AF RESPONDENTEN. 1. Anlingen man antager, att språket i forntiden varit all deles enahanda öfver hela den Skandinaviska Norden, eller, att det sönderfallit i flere, från hvarandra skilda och bestämdt utpräglade m unarter, så synes det i hvarje händelse ganska olämpligt a t t , tvärtemot de gamles eget bruk , med benäm ningen Isländska utmärka den språkart, hvari, såsom bekant, Nordens märkvärdigaste fornböcker äro aflattade. 2. Då en mängd Svenska ord, ordformer och talesätt ej ur språket i dess närvarande skick kunna tillfredsställande för klaras, utan dertill fordras kännedom af det äldre språket, så inser man lätteligen, huru maktpåliggande det är, att äfven detta senare göres till föremål för undervisningen i våra skolor. 3. Först af den härigenom vunna, djupare och allmännare kännedomen af modersmålet, dess art och tillgångar, kan man med något skäl vänta sig en större riktighet och renhet i dess behandling. 4. För det Svenska språkets naturenliga utveckling och rik tande, är särskildt en större bekantskap med de till en del så fornåldriga och kärnfriska Landskapsmålen af obestridlig vigt. härberget i det nästa loftet och hans svit med honom. Om natten gick han ut i svalen1, att leta sig ett ställe; han var sömnyr och stupdrucken. -
Heimskringla III.Pdf
SNORRI STURLUSON HEIMSKRINGLA VOLUME III The printing of this book is made possible by a gift to the University of Cambridge in memory of Dorothea Coke, Skjæret, 1951 Snorri SturluSon HE iMSKrinGlA V oluME iii MAG nÚS ÓlÁFSSon to MAGnÚS ErlinGSSon translated by AliSon FinlAY and AntHonY FAulKES ViKinG SoCiEtY For NORTHErn rESEArCH uniVErSitY CollEGE lonDon 2015 © VIKING SOCIETY 2015 ISBN: 978-0-903521-93-2 The cover illustration is of a scene from the Battle of Stamford Bridge in the Life of St Edward the Confessor in Cambridge University Library MS Ee.3.59 fol. 32v. Haraldr Sigurðarson is the central figure in a red tunic wielding a large battle-axe. Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ vii Sources ............................................................................................. xi This Translation ............................................................................. xiv BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ............................................ xvi HEIMSKRINGLA III ............................................................................ 1 Magnúss saga ins góða ..................................................................... 3 Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar ............................................................ 41 Óláfs saga kyrra ............................................................................ 123 Magnúss saga berfœtts .................................................................. 127 -
HELDEN UND HELDENSAGE Otto Gschwantler Zum 60
PHILOLOGICA GERMANICA 11 HELDEN UND HELDENSAGE Otto Gschwantler zum 60. Geburtstag Herausgegeben von HERMANN REICHERT UND GÜNTER ZIMMERMANN 1990 FASSBAENDER WIEN Inhalt Heinrich BECK, Eddaliedforschung heute: Bemerkungen zur Hel- denlied-Diskussion 1 Helmut BIRKHAN, Der Held, sein Schicksal und sein Glück in einigen keltischen Traditionen des Mittelalters 25 Karl BRUNNER, Ein „Land" den „Nibelungen" 45 Klaus DÜWEL, Das altnordische ,Hildebrandslied' nach Wolfgang LANGE 57 Alfred EBENBAUER, Antelan - Kurze Bemerkungen zu einem Zwer- genkönig 65 Evelyn Scherabon FIRCHOW, Altisländische Textedition amfin de siede: Die Ausgaben des Mödruvallabök (1987) und des Eluci- darius (1989) 75 Peter HALLBERG, Wie wird ein Held in der altisländischen Dichtung genannt? 87 Werner HOFFMANN, Nibelungenromane 113 Heinz KLINGENBERG, Harbarözliöö. Individuelles und überindivi- duelles Erzählen 143 Edith MAROLD, Sagengestalt und Kontext. Die Hildesage in wech- selnden Kontexten 187 Robert NEDOMA, ZU den Frauenfiguren der ,J>iöreks saga af Bern' 211 Teresa PAROLI, The Tears of the Heroes in Germanic Epic Poetry 233 Edgar C. POLOME, Starkaö: Oöinn- or Pörr-Hero 267 Hermann REICHERT, Autor und Erzähler im ,Nibelungenlied'. Seine Mündlichkeit, Schriftlichkeit, Bildung, Trinkgewohnhei- ten und sonstigen Charakteristika 287 Kurt SCHIER, Sammlung, Wiederbelebung und Neudichtung von Heldenballaden auf den Färöern zu Beginn des ^.Jahrhun- derts: historische Voraussetzungen und Konsequenzen . 329 Ute SCHWAB, Einige Gebärden des Todesrituals in der ,Raben- schlacht' 359 Rudolf SIMEK, Ein Saga-Anti-Held. Über die ethischen Vorstellun- gen in der ,Föstbraeöra saga' 395 wElfriede STUTZ f. Über die Einheit und die Einzigartigkeit der ^ Siegfried-Gestalt 411 Norbert VOORWINDEN, Kampfschilderung und Kampfmotivation in mittelalterlicher Dichtung. Zur Verschmelzung zweier Tra- ditionen in der deutschen Heldenepik 431 XII Inhalt Gerd Wolfgang WEBER, „Sem konungr skyldi". -
The Making of a Frontier: Thefirthlands from the Ninth to Twelfth Centuries
THE MAKING OF A FRONTIER: THEFIRTHLANDS FROM THE NINTH TO TWELFTH CENTURIES Barbara E. Crawford The clash between Norse and Scots (or Picts) was a perennial feature of the northern and western parts of this country for most of the Middle Ages. Wherever the Norseman settled he came into contact, and most probably conflict, with the indigenous population. Although the apparent dis appearance of the Picts in the Northern Isles is something of a mystery, it does not seem likely that they disappeared without putting up at least a show of resistance. But the impact of the Norse was so overwhelming that the Pictish population failed to retain any hold of their lands in those islands. The Hebrides provide rather more evidence of resistance at the outset, and then intermingling between the native Gaelic population and the Norse raiders and settlers. But native Gaelic culture re-asserted itself, and Scottish political control was established by the medieval kings of Scotland, ambitious to control the islands round their coasts. The north Scottish mainland provides an area where Norse and Scots also clashed although it was never, in recorded history, under Norwegian political control. However both Caithness and Sutherland were firmly under the rule of the Norwegian earls of Orkney until their power was undermined by the advancing Scottish kings in the thirteenth century. The earls' political control was based on widespread settlement by Norse speaking peoples as far south as the Dornoch Firth or Kyle of Sutherland, so that to all intents and purposes the territory north of that waterway was part of the Norse world from the ninth to the thirteenth century. -
Historical Notes & Maps: Saga of the Light Isles
SAGA OF THE LIGHT ISLES Maps & Historical Notes JOURNEY TO THE LIGHT ISLES MAP - 1 - SOMERLED’S MAP - 2 - WOLFSKIN HISTORICAL NOTE Orkney’s history exists in the very bone of the islands. Culture overlays culture: Neolithic houses, chambered cairns and stone circles, Bronze Age burial cists, Iron Age brochs lying cheek by jowl with remnants of later settlement by those elusive and independent people, the Picts, whose most stunning legacy is their symbol stones. After them came the Vikings, and with their arrival, the rapid establishment of a Norse culture in the islands. By AD 880 Orkney had become a Norse earldom ruled by Rognvald of More. The Orkneyinga Saga, written by an Icelandic chronicler in around AD 1200, tells the story of Norse settlement in Orkney. Prior to that, we have only the archaeological remains and passing references from sources of varying reliability. The Saga tells us nothing of the people who lived in the islands prior to the Norse arrival. It is likely they bore the blood of both Iron Age ancestors and more recent Celtic immigrants. The archaeological evidence points to a Pictish-style culture. Their kings owed a token allegiance to the Pictish kings of Caithness, but geographic isolation gave them a certain degree of independence. So what happened? Did a Viking invasion wipe them out in battle, or did the newcomers arrive gradually, welcoming the opportunity to settle in a place that offered good grazing land and sheltered fishing grounds? The transition to the dominance of Norse blood and Norse ways may have been peaceable, intermarriage eventually causing the absorption of one culture into another. -
Medieval Self-Fashioning: Rǫgnvaldr Kali Kolsson and Orkneyinga Saga
Scandinavica Vol 54 No 2 2015 Medieval Self-Fashioning: Rǫgnvaldr Kali Kolsson and Orkneyinga saga Erin Michelle Goeres UCL Abstract This article investigates the process of self-fashioning depicted in the medieval Icelandic text Orkneyinga saga, the ‘Saga of the Orkney Islanders’. It argues that the character of R gnvaldr Kali Kolsson, ǫ Earl of Orkney, is shown to fashion himself in the model of previous Scandinavian rulers as a means of asserting his right to govern, and that the relationship between poetry and prose is key to this process. Through the composition and recitation of verse, the character of R gnvaldr asserts the power to craft his own story and thus to fashion ǫ his own identity and that of his subjects. In particular, the article demonstrates that R gnvaldr’s expedition to Jerusalem is central to ǫ the construction of the earl’s story and of his self. It concludes by suggesting that such a depiction of self-fashioning may have been particularly resonant in medieval Iceland, itself a site of hybrid and shifting identities following Norwegian colonisation. Keywords Orkneyinga saga, Orkney Islands, skaldic verse, Iceland, R gnvaldr ǫ Kali Kolsson 6 Scandinavica Vol 54 No 2 2015 The Icelandic saga of the Orkney Islanders, Orkneyinga saga, introduces the young nobleman Kali Kolsson with a description typical of many a saga hero: ‘Kali […] var inn efniligsti maðr, meðalmaðr á v xt, kominn ǫ vel á sik, limaðr manna bezt, ljósjarpr á hár; manna var hann vinsælastr ok atgørvimaðr meiri en velflestir menn aðrir’ (Finnbogi Guðmundsson 1965: 129-30) (Kali was the most promising man, average in stature, well-proportioned, with longer limbs than most, with light chestnut hair; he was the most popular of men and more accomplished than many others).1 In this instance, however, third-person narration alone does not suffice, and Kali’s voice bursts into the saga prose declaiming a verse of his own composition: Tafl emk rr at efla; ǫ íþróttir kannk níu; týnik trauðla rúnum; tíðs mér bók ok smíðir. -
Våra Förfäder Var Hedningar
Religionshistoriska forskningsrapporter från Uppsala Uppsala Research Reports in the History of Religions 19 Johan Wickström Våra förfäder var hedningar Nordisk forntid som myt i den svenska folkskolans pedagogiska texter fram till år 1919 Uppsala 2008 Det kan icke vara oss likgiltigt, vad våra fäder i skilda generationer hade lärt om fosterlandets och världens fram- farna öden. Nils Ahnlund (1942) Förord Törs man utbrista att boken äntligen är klar? Många personer har bidragit till dess tillkomst och förtjänar tacksägelser. Docent Eva Hellman har varit min huvudhandledare under hela doktorandtiden. Eva är en klippa vars strategiska tänkande, skarpa iakttagelseförmåga, omsorg, vänlighet och uppriktighet starkt har bidragit till att projektet har kunnat genomföras. Hon har med trygg hand hjälpt en stundvis förvirrad doktorand genom en snårig utbildning vars slutsta- tion aldrig har känts helt självklar för den resande själv. Stort tack, Eva! Teol.dr Olof Sundqvist har varit min handledare på samtliga nivåer sedan jag skrev min första uppsats i religionshistoria. Olle är en uppmuntrande, stimulerande hand- ledare som med ödmjuka och konstruktiva kommentarer i arbetets alla skeden har bidragit med många förbättringar och styrt mig in på säkrare spår när jag svävat ut i konstiga tolkningar eller brustit i skärpa. Även Olle förtjänar ett stort och varmt tack för sina utmärkta handledarinsatser! Som C-student inbjöds jag till professor Anders Hultgårds specialseminarier i fornskandinavisk religion. Det var en spännande och lärorik introduktion till högre akademiska studier. Även om mitt avhandlingsprojekt avviker från pri- märforskningen om fornskandinavisk religion är jag Anders stort tack skyldig för att han trodde på min förmåga att genomgå forskarutbildningen. -
(Re)Visionsofroyalluckinthe Sagasofóláfrtryggvason
(Re)visions of Royal Luck in the Sagas of Óláfr Tryggvason Chandar Lal ‘[G]ipt yður ok hamingja herra má oss meira en menn nǫkkurir.’ (ÓTM, ii, 96) (Your luck and good fortune, lord, will be more powerful for us than any men will.) láfr Tryggvason, the late tenthcentury missionary king of Norway, was Óimmortalized in a sequence of medieval Scandinavian prose narratives. Written variously in Latin and in Old Norse, these included the early synoptic histories of Norway and a line of sagas which followed. The latter constitute by far the longer and more elaborate accounts of the king’s life and will form the main focus of the present study. The primary texts to be examined are Oddr Snorrason’s Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar, Snorri Sturluson’s Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar in Heimskringla, and the anonymous Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta.1 Elizabeth Ashman Rowe, citing Tim William Machan, conceives of these sagas as a ‘living textual tradition’ in which ‘writers freely created their own versions 1 The editions used will be abbreviated respectively asÓTO , Hsk, and ÓTM. Old Norse quotations will be in the normalized form used by Hsk. For a comprehensive account of the composition, manuscript context, transmission, and reception of the texts, see Sveinbjörn Rafnsson 2005, 15–120 and 225–67. Chandar Lal ([email protected]) recently graduated with an MPhil in Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. Abstract: This article examines the depictions of royal luck in three sagas of Óláfr Tryggvason. In existing scholarship Old Norse concepts of luck defy clear definition, having been read variously as Christian and pagan; abstract and concrete; individual and societal; predetermined and serendipitous; innate and endowed from above. -
Religionshistorikern Folke Ström
3 157 Många av dem som intresserar sig för fornnordisk religion och mytologi fick 157 ACTA ACADEMIAE REGIAE GUSTAVI ADOLPHI CLVII den första kontakten med ämnet genom Folke Ströms grundbok Nordisk he- dendom, som har utgivits flera gånger sedan den första upplagan kom 1961. dendom, som har utgivits flera gånger sedan den första upplagan kom 1961. Religionshistorikern Folke Ström Ström tog sin doktorsgrad i ämnet religionshistoria vid dåvarande Stockholms högskola 1942 och skrev därefter en lång rad viktiga bidrag till vår förståelse av den fornnordiska religion och mytologi, som under vikingatiden och den tidiga medeltiden trängdes undan av kristendomen. I föreliggande volym uppmärksammas Folke Ström (1907–1996) som människa, religionshistoriker och folkbildare inom ämnesområdet fornnordisk religion. Artiklarna bygger på presentationer vid symposiet »Religionshistori- kern Folke Ström», som hölls i Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademiens lokaler i Uppsala år 2017, 75 år efter Ströms disputation. Religionshistorikern Folke Ström ACTA ACADEMIAE REGIAE GUSTAVI ADOLPHI CLVII Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur är en riksakademi Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur är en riksakademi ACTA ACADEMIAE Föredrag från REGIAE ett symposium GUSTAVI i ADOLPHIUppsala CLVII med säte i Uppsala. Sin uppgift att främja forskning rörande svensk folklig kultur, begreppet taget i vid mening, skall Akademien enligt sina stadgar den 8 november 2017 bland annat fullgöra genom att i sina skriftserier offentliggöra forskningsrön utgivna av inom ämnesområden som den har till uppgift att vårda sig om. Huvudserien är inom ämnesområden som den har till uppgift att vårda sig om. Huvudserien är Andreas Nordberg och Olof Sundqvist Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi, vars första nummer utkom 1933. -
Chapter 21 Imagining the Holy Land in the Old Norse World
Mikael Males Chapter 21 Imagining the Holy Land in the Old Norse World In Old Norse literature as elsewhere in the literature of medieval Europe, many im- ages of Jerusalem and the Holy Land are to be found, not mutually exclusive, but rather adding to a range of functions and meanings. In an Icelandic twelfth-century itinerary, we encounter the pious pilgrim, admiring the blood of Christ on the ground where the cross had stood. From twelfth-century Orkney, by contrast, we have runic and poetic evidence of boastful Viking crusaders, belittling the cowards who stayed at home and viewing the concept of the Holy Land through the lens of the world of the sagas. In thirteenth-century Iceland, we find a peculiar version of the Holy Land in a local setting, fully integrated into Icelandic saga style. As late converts on the fringe of the known world, the Nordic peoples were removed in time and space from the events and sites that mattered most to salvation. In the Orcadian and Icelandic material, we see a creative negotiation of both the spatial and temporal distance. This chapter focuses on the attitudes to Jerusalem and the Holy Land found in some Old Norse sources, as well as the strategies used for mak- ing them, as it were, domestic. The first obvious act of domestication lies in the name Jerusalem itself, which in Old Norse was called Jórsalir. This is apparently the result of a reanalysis of the name, and it is likely that the name meant something like “royal halls” or “the city of the king” at the time of imposition. -
Representations of Christ in Christian Skaldic Poetry Ruth Elizabeth
1 Representations of Christ in Christian Skaldic Poetry Ruth Elizabeth Cheadle UCL PhD 2 I, Ruth Elizabeth Cheadle, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis aims to demonstrate that, through use of literary genre, vocabulary, and emphasis of detail, the authors of Christian skaldic verse in the twelfth to fifteenth centuries continually reshaped a specific set of representations for Christ to suit each poem’s individual purpose, its audience, and the literary tastes of the periods in which they were written. In order to show how Christ’s portrayal changes over time and according to each poem’s overarching purpose, I have selected the following five Christian skaldic poems and made each the focus of a chapter: Einarr Skúlason’s Geisli, Gamli kanóki’s Harmsól, and the anonymously-composed poems Leiðarvísan, Líknarbraut, and Lilja. Within each chapter I provide an overview of the poem, selecting stanzas that highlight features of Christ that are prevalent or striking in some way, and analyse how these representations not only influence the poem itself, but also shape perceptions of Christ’s relationship with humanity. Each chapter leads to an overall consideration both of the image of Christ as this has been represented, and of the degree to which this has been influenced by biblical and patristic writings, Old Norse literature and culture, or by a combination of these elements. In the concluding chapter I identify the prevailing representations of Christ throughout these five poems, dividing these characterisations into five categories: Christ as Warrior Chieftain, as Healer and Abundant Nourisher, as Legal Authority, as Beguiler, and as Light. -
Earl and Mormaer.Pdf
Groam House Museum is situated 15 miles north east of Inverness in the Black Isle sea-side village of Rosemarkie. It is an award winning Pictish Interpretive Centre, run by Groam House Museum Trust. It houses the famous Rosemarkie Cross Slab decorated with enigmatic Pictish symbols. Also displayed are fourteen other sculptured stones all of which were found within the village, the most recent in 1994. The museum includes a gallery where temporary exhibitions on aspects of local history and of Pictish interest are displayed. Groam House Museum is Supported by Front cover: Norse use of the Scots pine by Mike Taylor, Tain. EARL & MORMAER Norse-Pictish relationships in Northern Scotland Barbara E. Crawford Copyright Barbara E. Crawford 1995 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the author and publishers Groam House Museum Trust, High Street, Rosemarkie IV10 8UF. ISBN 0951577859 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have made my visits to Easter Ross so pleasant and interesting; particularly Susan Seright of the Groam House Museum and Jane Durham of Scotsburn for their hospitality. The invitation to deliver the Groam House Lecture in 1994 was an occasion for me to focus on a subject which had become of absorbing interest since giving a talk in Dingwall the previous year during ‘Viking Week’. The discussion after that lecture had raised the question of the supply of timber from the forests of Ross to the earls of Orkney for their naval requirements.