Self-Help and Social Status in Cicero's Pro Quinctio
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Cicero's Life
Cicero Philippic II Cicero’s Life Lives of Cicero of all lengths and depths abound; what follows is intended to highlight the main landmarks in Cicero’s career. A separate table chronicles the events of 44 BC in more detail. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 107 Marius elected consul for the first time 106 Birth of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey), later called ‘Magnus’; both equestrians. 104 – 100 Marius consul for five successive years. 104/2 Birth of Cicero’s brother, Quintus. 90s Cicero is educated at Rome in house of L. Licinius Crassus and later continues his studies with the augur Q. Mucius Scaevola. 91 – 88 Cicero and Pompey both serve under The Social War, in which Rome’s Sulla, Pompey as a successful Italian allies fight against Rome’s general. predominance and win citizenship. 88 – 84 Occupation of Rome first by Sulla (88) and then by Marius and Cinna (87 – 6). Marius dies in 86, Cinna continues to control affairs until his death in 84. ?86 Cicero writes a rhetorical treatise, de Inventione. 82 Sulla marches on Rome and is made dictator. Proscriptions follow (in 81). He retires from office in 79 and dies in 78. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 81 Cicero’s first civil case, pro Quinctio Sulla’s reforms curtailing powers of (which he probably loses). tribunate, increasing size of senate and constituting seven senatorial courts. 80 Cicero’s first criminal case, pro Roscio Amerino (which he wins). 79 – 77 Cicero marries Terentia and travels abroad, including to Athens for six months to study rhetoric under Apollonius Molo. -
Expression “Loco Filiae” in Gaius' Institutes
ARTICLES 1SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EXPRESSION “LOCO FILIAE” IN GAIUS’ INSTITUTES Carlos Felipe Amunátegui Perelló* Patricio-Ignacio Carvajal Ramírez** Key words: Manus; potestas; mancipium; Gaius 1 Introduction The expression “loco filiae” that Gaius uses to describe the position of the wife in manu has led a significant number of scholars to the firm belief thatmanus and patria * Professor of Roman law, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile. This article is part of the Conicyt Research Project Anillos de Instigación Asociativa SOC 1111 and Fondecyt Regular 1141231. ** Professor of Roman law, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile. This article is part of the Conicyt Research Project Anillos de Instigación Asociativa SOC 1111 and Fondecyt Regular 1141231. Fundamina DOI: 10.17159/2411-7870/2016/v22n1a1 Volume 22 | Number 1 | 2016 Print ISSN 1021-545X/ Online ISSN 2411-7870 pp 1-24 1 CARLOS FELIPE AMUNÁTEGUI PERELLÓ AND PATRICIO-IGNACIO CARVAJAL RAMÍREZ potestas were equivalent powers.1 Although the personal powers that a paterfamilias could exert over his descendants did not seem to match those that he could apply to his wife in manu, Gaius consistently uses the expression loco filiae to describe her position. The personal powers which a paterfamilias usually held in relation to his descendants, namely the vitae necisque potestas (the power to kill or let live), ius noxa dandi (the right to surrender the perpetrator of some pre-defined offences), and the ius vendendi (the right to sell them in mancipio), seem to have adjusted poorly to the position of a wife under manus. Although the possibility has been put forward that the husband had some kind of ius vitae necisque over his wife in manu,2 this notion remains controversial.3 Further, the possibility of selling one’s own wife or surrendering her after a noxal action is not supported by any ancient sources. -
Pompey and Cicero: an Alliance of Convenience
POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by Charles E. Williams Jr., B.A. San Marcos, Texas May 2013 POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Pierre Cagniart, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth Margerison ______________________________ Elizabeth Makowski Approved: ______________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Charles E. Williams Jr. 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94- 553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Charles E. Williams Jr., authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all I would like to thank my parents, Chuck and Kay Williams, for their continuing support, assistance, and encouragement. Their desire to see me succeed in my academic career is perhaps equal to my own. Thanks go as well to Dr Pierre Cagnart, without whom this work would not have been possible. His expertise in Roman politics and knowledge concerning the ancient sources were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Margerison and Dr. Elizabeth Makowski for critiquing this work and many other papers I have written as an undergraduate and graduate student. -
Prosopopoeia in Ciceronian Oratory
Prosopopoeia in Ciceronian Oratory Tyler Broome A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics University of Otago March 2021 Abstract This thesis examines the form and function of prosopopoeia in Cicero’s speeches. Prosopopoeia – the rhetorical device in which an orator fabricates and delivers a discourse as another character – offers an alternative to the orator’s own speech for the communication of information and emotion. The most recent study on the device, D.S. Mayfield’s Variants of Rhetorical Ventriloquism, suggests that “it is always significant rhetorically in whose mouth words are being put – at what time, in which context and whose presence, by which means, and (above all) in the interest of what or whom” (Mayfield 2019, 147-148). This study seeks to evaluate Mayfield’s claim in the practice of Ciceronian oratory by examining when Cicero used the device, whom he portrayed, and how the device contributed to his persuasive aims. A preliminary examination of extant rhetorical theory up to and including Quintilian provides context for Cicero’s practice, identifying a range of potential effects the device could enact. Ancient theory also raises several questions about taxonomical distinctions between types of prosopopoeia, which are briefly discussed to further contextualise Cicero’s practice. Following this, eight of Cicero’s speeches are discussed in chronological order: Pro Quinctio; Pro Roscio Amerino; In Verrem 2.5; the First Catilinarian; Pro Caelio; In Pisonem; Pro Plancio; and Pro Milone. Notable prosopopoeiae in these speeches are identified and evaluated in relation to their persuasive effect on the audience, identifying a diverse range of uses for the device such as generating indignation or pity, and the delineation of characters. -
Cicero, Archias, and the Defense of the Liberal Arts Hannah M. Adams
ABSTRACT The Rhetoric of Persuasion: Cicero, Archias, and the Defense of the Liberal Arts Hannah M. Adams Director: Alden Smith, Ph.D. Cicero’s defense of his teacher, the Pro Archia, is far from the expert orator’s most well-known work, yet it presents fascinating questions for analysis. Archias’s Roman citizenship has been called into question, and through an artful display of oratory and rhetoric, Cicero reconstructs the reality of Archias’s life and contributions to provide proof of his worth as a citizen. The speech then comes to stand as proof of Archias’s great teaching, as Cicero’s exceptional command of language and rhetoric illustrates his teacher’s vast influence. Although technically delivered in a court of law, the speech possesses the unique characteristics of a more ornamental realm of oratory, epideictic, which includes speeches such as funeral orations, or laudatio funebris. It could even be read as a sort of laudatio funebris for Archias, Cicero, and liberal learning. The Pro Archia, then, is an oration with a complex network of layered meaning with broad cultural implications both for Cicero's audience and for readers today. THE RHETORIC OF PERSUASION: CICERO, ARCHIAS, AND THE DEFENSE OF THE LIBERAL ARTS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Hannah M. Adams Waco, Texas May 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Cicero and Archias . 1 Chapter Two: The Reconstruction of History. 18 Chapter Three: Epideictic Rhetoric on Behalf of Cicero and Archias. 32 Chapter Four: Liberal Learning, Literature, and Civic Responsibility. -
Cicero's Style
MNS-245-albrecht.qxd 03/04/2003 12:13 Page i CICERO’S STYLE MNS-245-albrecht.qxd 03/04/2003 12:13 Page ii MNEMOSYNE BIBLIOTHECA CLASSICA BATAVA COLLEGERUNT H. PINKSTER • H. S. VERSNEL D.M. SCHENKEVELD • P. H. SCHRIJVERS S.R. SLINGS BIBLIOTHECAE FASCICULOS EDENDOS CURAVIT H. PINKSTER, KLASSIEK SEMINARIUM, OUDE TURFMARKT 129, AMSTERDAM SUPPLEMENTUM DUCENTESIMUM QUADRAGESIMUM QUINTUM MICHAEL VON ALBRECHT CICERO’S STYLE MNS-245-albrecht.qxd 03/04/2003 12:13 Page iii CICERO’S STYLE A SYNOPSIS FOLLOWED BY SELECTED ANALYTIC STUDIES BY MICHAEL VON ALBRECHT BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2003 MNS-245-albrecht.qxd 03/04/2003 12:13 Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Albrecht, Michael von. Cicero’s Style: a synopsis / by Michael von Albrecht. p. cm. – (Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum ; 245) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 90-04-12961-8 1. Cicero, Marcus Tullius–Literary style. 2. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin–History and criticism. 3. Latin language–Style. 4. Rhetoric, Ancient. 5. Oratory, Ancient. I. Title. II. Series. PA6357.A54 2003 875’.01–dc21 2003045375 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 90 04 12961 8 © Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
CICERO's EARLY SPEECHES Ann Vasaly the Political And
CHAPTER FOUR CICERO'S EARLY SPEECHES Ann Vasaly The political and oratorical career- the two cannot and should not be separated- of Marcus Tullius Cicero began in a world of civic chaos and bloodshed. Born in 106 B.C., I educated after the age of lOin Rome, he would have received the toga virilis, the 'toga of manhood,' in about 90, the beginning of a decade in Rome marked by appalling political violence. The election to the consulship of L. Cornelius Sulla in 88 was soon followed by the unprecedented spectacle of a Roman general unleashing a Roman army against his fellow citizens, the aftermath of the attempt by the tribune P. Sulpicius Rufus to transfer Sulla's military command against Mithradates of Pontus to the aging Gaius Marius. After Sulla's first march on Rome, his elimination of many of his enemies, and his subsequent depar ture for the East, he was simultaneously outlawed and allowed to wage war against Rome's enemies in Greece and Asia Minor. During his absence, Rome endured the domination of L. Cornelius Cinna and his allies, whose return to the city with Marius after Sulla's departure was accompanied by the slaughter of their political ene mies, including one of the greatest orators of the day, Marcus Antonius. A new spasm of violence began with the death of Cinna in 84, at which Sulla declared himself in rebellion against the government and prepared to return to Italy to wage war against his domestic opponents. Among those murdered in Rome in the months before the outbreak of that conflict was Q Mucius Scaevola, the aged law I All dates are B.C. -
Brill's Companion to Cicero
BRILL’S COMPANION TO CICERO This page intentionally left blank May.vw.c 30-07-2002 10:22 Pagina 3 BRILL’S COMPANION TO CICERO Oratory and Rhetoric EDITED BY JAMES M. MAY BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KÖLN 2002 May.vw.c 30-07-2002 10:22 Pagina 4 The illumination on the cover of this book is from a fifteenth-century edition of Cicero’s orationes (Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, MS Plut. 48.8, c. 2r). Reproduced with permission from the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali. This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brill´s companion to Cicero : oratory and rhetoric / edited by James M. May p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004121471 1Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Speeches. 2. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin—History and criticism. 3. Rome—History—Republic, 265-30 B.C.—Sources. 4.Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Rhetorical works. 5. Rhetoric, Ancient. I. May, James M. PA6285 .B75 2002 875’.01—dc21 2002066555 Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Brill’s companion to Cicero : oratory and rhetoric / ed. by James M. May. – Leiden ; Boston ; Köln : Brill, 2002 ISBN 90-04-12147-1 ISBN 90 04 12147 1 © Copyright 2002 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Masters of Eloquence and Masters of Empire: Quintilian in Context
Masters of Eloquence and Masters of Empire: Quintilian in Context A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics of the College of Arts and Sciences by Kyle Helms A.A. Santa Fe Community College B.A. University of Florida M.A. University of Iowa M.A. University of Cincinnati April 2016 Committee Chair: Daniel Marković, Ph.D. Abstract This dissertation focuses on the curious situation of the Latin rhetor Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (b. ca. 35 CE). In the early 70s CE, Quintilian received an annual salarium of 100,000 HS from the emperor Vespasian. As a result, Quintilian is commonly cited in classical scholarship as Rome’s “first public professor of rhetoric” or “first state professor.” But while this feature of Quintilian’s biography is often repeated, it is seldom explained. Essentially, previous scholarship has offered two interpretations of Quintilian’s situation, either creating a genealogy for public higher education in the first century CE, or emphasizing imperial euergetism and liberalitas. While the latter approach is on the right track, it does not explain why a Latin rhetor in particular should have been the object of such benevolence, and nearly all scholarship on the topic emphasizes the novelty of Quintilian’s situation, but without sustained inquiry into historical precedents. This study reconsiders this problem by examining the relationship between Latin rhetorical education and Roman political power diachronically, beginning with the advent of Latin rhetors in the 90s BCE and concluding with Quintilian himself. -
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«Ciceroniana on line» III, 1, 2019, 15-48 RAIJA VAINIO, REIMA VÄLIMÄKI, ALEKSI VESANTO, ANNI HELLA, FILIP GINTER, MARJO KAARTINEN, TEEMU IMMONEN1 RECONSIDERING AUTHORSHIP IN THE CICERONIAN CORPUS THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION The authorship of some texts related to Cicero or traditionally at- tributed to him has puzzled scholars for centuries. The most famous of these texts is Rhetorica ad C. Herennium, whose removal from the Cice- ronian corpus was proposed as early as the fifteenth century. The other two (minor) texts are Commentariolum petitionis, usually attributed to Marcus Cicero’s younger brother Quintus, and most recently De optimo genere oratorum. Sir Ronald Syme stated on the authenticity of old texts: «In every age the principal criteria of authenticity are the stylis- tic and the historical. They do not always bring certainty, for we do not know enough about either style or history. If a different approach can be devised, or a subsidiary method, so much the better»2. In recent years, digital methods have offered promising results for the reattribu- tion of classical texts. M. Kestemont, J.A. Stover and others have worked with some ancient Latin texts3, but although a computational analysis by R. Forsyth, D. Holmes, and E. Tse confirmed the consensus that Consolatio Ciceronis is indeed a sixteenth-century forgery4, until now these methods have had only a limited impact on the Ciceronian corpus itself. We attempt to take on this task with today’s highly ad- vanced computational methods and the use of high performance com- puting (CSC supercomputer, Kajaani, Finland). After a brief account on 1 The main responsibility of the historical background and interpreting the results (chapters 1-3 and 5) lies on Raija Vainio, and that of the methods and respective parts in the results (ch. -
Cicero'nun İlk Müdâfiliği: Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino
Hakemli CICERO’NUN İLK MÜDÂFİLİĞİ: PRO SEXTO ROSCIO AMERINO Cicero’s First Criminal Defence: Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino Fehmi Kerem BİLGİN* Halide Gökçe TÜRKOĞLU** ÖZ Cicero baba katliyle itham edilen Ameria’lı Sextus Roscius’un savunmasını üstlenerek yirmi yedi yaşındayken ilk defa bir ceza davasında görev aldı (M.Ö. 80). Cicero’nun senatörlerden oluşan bir jüri ihtivâ eden dâimî bir mahkeme (quaestio perpetua) önünde görülen bu ilk kamu davası (causa publica) gayrı insânî bir îdamla cezalandırılabilecek parricidium suçuna ilişkin olmanın ötesinde siyâsî açıdan da hassâsiyet arz etmekteydi. Roscius davası iç savaşın neden olduğu toplumsal kargaşanın etkilerinin sürdüğü bir dönemde görüldü. Sulla rejiminin getirdiği siyâsî, kurumsal ve sosyal dönüşümlerin yarattığı zemine oturan bu dava cumhuriyetin krizine ve Roma ceza yargılamasının gelişimine ışık tutması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır. Müvekkilinin berâat etmesini sağlayan Cicero’ya büyük îtibar ve şöhret kazandıran bu dava netîcesinde genç hatip her türlü dava için yetkin addedilir oldu. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cicero, parricidium, poena cullei, yasaklama listeleri, Sulla Makalenin Geliş Tarihi: 04.06.2020 Makalenin Kabul Tarihi: 11.06.2020 * Dr. Öğretim Üyesi, Yaşar Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Uluslararası Kamu Hukuku Anabilim Dalı, ORCID: 0000-0001-8418-7199 ** Prof. Dr., Yaşar Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Roma Hukuku Anabilim Dalı, ORCID: 0000- 0003-2896-2204 F. Kerem BİLGİN, H. Gökçe TÜRKOĞLU Ankara Üni. Hukuk Fak. Dergisi, 69 (2) 2020: 265-324 ABSTRACT Cicero took his first criminal case at the age of twenty-seven by accepting the defence of Sextus Roscius of Ameria who was charged with the murder of his father (80 B.C.). Apart from pertaining to parricidium which could be punished with an inhumane death penalty, Cicero’s first public case (causa publica) before a permanent senatorial jury court (quaestio perpetua) was politically sensitive. -
Cicero Pro Roscio Amerino INTRODUCTION Background On
Cicero Pro Roscio Amerino INTRODUCTION Cicero's oration for Sex. Roscius of Ameria in 80 BCE is his first extant criminal pleading; he was twenty-six years old when he defended his client on a charge of having murdered his own father. The victim had been killed on the street at Rome at some time in 81 BCE, the year when L. Cornelius Sulla was dictator. Background on the Civil Strife of the Late 90's and 80's in Rome Sulla's capture of Rome after the Battle of the Colline Gate (1 November 82) was the beginning of the end of nearly a decade of war and civil strife in Italy from the outbreak of the Social War between Rome and her Italian allies in 90. Over a century before, the Romans had ceased to extend full citizenship to the allied peoples of Italy, although a number of Roman statesmen had worked unsuccessfully to extend citizens' rights to the Italians. When their latest champion, M. Livius Drusus, was murdered in 91, a coalition of Italians began what we call the Social War, to fight not for a share in Rome but for complete independence. After two years of fighting, the Romans reestablished control over the peninsula and the Italians acquired Roman citizenship, but troubles persisted. Roman leaders faced both remaining pockets of resistance, especially among the Samnites, and internal disagreement on how best to incorporate the newly enfranchised Italians into the tribes and assemblies. At first the new citizens were enrolled in a small number of tribes, ensuring that their weight in tribal electoral assemblies would be slight.