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Mollusca, Bivalvia) Бассейна Реки Таз (Западная Сибирь)

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Mollusca, Bivalvia) Бассейна Реки Таз (Западная Сибирь) Ruthenica, 201, vol. 30, No. 1: 13-32. © Ruthenica, 2020 Published online 11.02.2020 http: ruthenica.net Материалы к фауне двустворчатых моллюсков (Mollusca, Bivalvia) бассейна реки Таз (Западная Сибирь) Е.С. БАБУШКИН 1, 2, 3 1Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Лаборатория макроэкологии и биогеографии беспозвоночных. 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9; РОССИЯ. E-mail: [email protected] 2Сургутский государственный университет. 628403, Сургут, пр. Ленина, 1; РОССИЯ. 3Омский государственный педагогический университет. 644099, Омск, набережная Тухачевского, 14; РОССИЯ. РЕЗЮМЕ. По результатам изучения собственных сборов автора фауна пресноводных двустворчатых моллюсков (Mollusca, Bivalvia) бассейна р. Таз включает 70 видов из 6 родов, 4 подсемейств и 2 семейств. Приведен аннотированный список видов двустворчатых моллюсков бассейна р. Таз. Анно- тации видов содержат сведения об их ареале, находках в Западной Сибири и бассейне Таза, биономике и относительном обилии в водоемах и водотоках рассматриваемого бассейна. Впервые для района исследований зарегистрировано 45 видов. Распределение видов по представленности в составе коллек- ции и по встречаемости крайне неравномерное, видовое богатство большинства малакоценозов невы- сокое. Редкими в составе коллекции являются 22 вида. Наибольшее видовое богатство зарегистрирова- но в придаточных водоемах рек, реках и ручьях, наименьшее – во временных водоемах. В фауне двустворчатых моллюсков Таза преобладают широкораспространенные (космополитные, голаркти- ческие, палеарктические) и европейско-западносибирские виды. Фауна Sphaeriinae бассейна р. Таз в таксономическом отношении обособлена от локальных фаун бассейнов рек других зоогеографичес- ких провинций Западной Сибири и по своему составу ближе к малакофауне Нижнеенисейской про- винции (в соответствии с районированием Я.И. Старобогатова [1986]). Materials on the fauna of bivalve mollusks the lowest – in temporary habitats. The core of the (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of the Taz river basin (Western fauna is constituted by species with broadest range Siberia) (cosmopolitan, trans-Holarctic, trans-Palearctic) as well as by taxa with European-Siberian type of distribution. 1, 2, 3 From the taxonomic point of view, the bivalve fauna of E.S. BABUSHKIN the Taz basin is relatively separated from the faunas of 1Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Inverte- other river basins of Western Siberia and is more similar brates, Saint-Petersburg State Universityб 7–9 Univer- to the fauna of the Lower Yenisean zoogeographic sitetskaya emb., Saint-Petersburg, 199034; RUSSIA. E-mail: province (sensu Starobogatov [1986]). [email protected] 2Surgut State University. 1 Lenina avenue, Surgut, Tyumen Region, 628403; RUSSIA Введение 3Omsk State Pedagogical University. 14 Tukhachevskogo emb., Omsk, 644099; RUSSIA Пресноводная малакофауна севера Западной ABSTRACT. Based on a study of samples collected by Сибири привлекала внимание исследователей уже the author, 70 species of freshwater bivalves belonging более полутора сотен лет назад. Самые ранние to 6 genera and 2 families are recorded for the Taz River сборы моллюсков были осуществлены участни- basin (north of Western Siberia). An annotated list of ками нескольких комплексных экспедиций и bivalves of the Taz basin is provided, with data on впоследствии переданы на обработку известным species’ range, their findings in Western Siberia and малакологам того времени [Vinarski, 2010]. По- within the studied area. Some information about лученные данные о малакофауне севера Запад- bionomics and abundance of bivalves are given. 45 ной Сибири вошли в первые монографии и ста- species are for the first time registered in this basin. Most studied molluscan communities are characterized тьи, посвященные сибирским моллюскам [Mid- by low species richness; the distribution of species by dendorff, 1851; Westerlund, 1877, 1887, 1897]. their occurrence was extremely uneven. 22 species are Со временем специальные малакологические characterized as rare. The highest species richness of работы, основанные на материалах экспедицион- bivalves was found in river channels, rivers and brooks; ных сборов [Middendorff, 1851; Westerlund, 1877, 14 Е.С. Бабушкин 1897; Lindholm, 1919], уступили место гидроби- большей части бассейна Таза остается не изу- ологическим исследованиям, проводившимся в ченной. интересах рыбного хозяйства и промысла [Maslov, Наиболее актуальные и полные данные о фау- 1937; Joffe, 1947; Leshchinskaya, 1962]. Сведе- не Sphaeriidae нижней части бассейна р. Таз и ния о моллюсках в них, как правило, весьма прилегающих районов привел В.Н. Долгин скудны. Во второй половине 20 в. вновь появи- [Dolgin, 2001], в своей докторской диссертации лись публикации, специально посвященные мол- он указал 33 вида. Представители Unionidae для люскам [Khokhutkin, 1966; Drozdov, 1967; Yukh- севера Западной Сибири в работе не отмечены. В neva, 1969; Dolgin, Johansen, 1973]. Результа- общегидробиологической статье Б.Ф. Свириден- ты предыдущих и собственных исследований ко с соавторами [Sviridenko et al., 2010] для пресноводных моллюсков севера Сибири были бассейна р. Таз впервые были указаны два вида обобщены В.Н. Долгиным в его кандидатской семейства Unionidae: Colletopterum rostratum [Dolgin, 1974] и докторской [Dolgin, 2001] дис- (Rossmaessler, 1836) и C. anatinum (Linnaeus, сертациях. 1758). Чуть позже вышла в свет статья [Dolgin, На сегодняшний день большинство имеющих- Sviridenko, 2011], специально посвященная мол- ся данных о пресноводной малакофауне севера люскам. К сожалению, в этой публикации спи- Западной Сибири основано на материалах, со- сок видов был приведен сразу для двух крупных бранных в бассейне нижней Оби [Dolgin, 1974, речных бассейнов (Пур и Таз) без разбивки по 2001]. Меньше известно о моллюсках других ним, а также без информации о количестве со- районов – полуостровов Гыданский, Тазовский, бранного материала и месте его хранения. Все Ямал, Обской и Тазовской губ, бассейнов их это затрудняет использование приведенных све- притоков, не входящих в бассейн Оби [Dolgin, дений в целях биогеографического анализа и 1974, 2001; Frolov, Lyubin, 2003; Sviridenko et сравнения видового состава фауны с данными о al., 2010; Dolgin, Sviridenko, 2011; Bespalaya et других речных бассейнах Сибири. al., 2019]. Одной из причин недостаточной изученности Цель данной работы – обзор и характеристика фауны двустворчатых моллюсков севера Запад- фауны двустворчатых моллюсков (Mollusca, ной Сибири является отсутствие единства в под- Bivalvia) бассейна р. Таз – рассмотрение слож- ходе к построению системы семейства Sphaeriidae ной и недостаточно изученной группы на основа- [Korniushin, 2001; 2002; Graf, 2007; Vinarski, нии собственных материалов и литературных дан- Kantor, 2016; Lee, 2019], это приводит к тому, что ных в свете современных представлений о так- результаты, полученные в рамках разных подхо- сономии, филогении и номенклатуре этих живот- дов, часто оказываются несопоставимыми. Од- ных [Bouchet, Rocroi, 2010; Vinarski, Kantor, 2016; нако спорные методологические вопросы я ос- Bogatov et al., 2018; Klishko et al., 2018]. тавляю за рамками настоящей публикации, а про- Река Таз берет начало в северо-восточной блему сопоставимости результатов надеюсь хотя части Сибирских Увалов. Длина реки 1401 км, бы частично сгладить, используя т.н. альтерна- площадь водосбора 150 000 км2. Большая часть тивный подход к систематике пресноводных мол- речного бассейна находится в таежной зоне, мень- люсков бывшего СССР [Vinarski, Kramarenko, шая – в лесотундре и тундре. Характерной осо- 2015; Vinarski, Kantor, 2016]. бенностью бассейна является обилие болот и не- Бассейн р. Таз расположен на стыке зоогеог- больших озер в долинах рек и отсутствие их на рафических провинций и даже подобластей водоразделах. Значительная часть бассейна нахо- [Starobogatov, 1970, 1986; Dolgin, 2001]. Здесь дится в зоне многолетней мерзлоты. Река, силь- возможны интересные фаунистические находки, но меандрируя, медленно течет в широкой доли- уточняющие имеющиеся сведения о распростра- не, русло ее часто разветвляется на рукава. Пе- нении отдельных видов. Изучение малакофауны ред впадением в Тазовскую губу она образует этого речного бассейна важно для понимания дельту [Richter, 1963; Vodogretski, 1973; State закономерностей распространения и распределе- Water Registry, 2009]. ния видов, путей и механизмов распространения, Имеющиеся сведения о малакофауне бассей- прогнозов вселения чужеродных видов и охра- на р. Таз фактически ограничены данными, со- ны нативной фауны. В бассейне Таза расположен бранными в устьевой зоне реки и ее нижнем Верхне-Тазовский государственный природный течении [Drozdov, 1967; Dolgin, Johansen, 1973; заповедник, для территории которого отсутству- Dolgin, 1974, 2001; Sviridenko et al., 2010; Dolgin, ют данные о пресноводных моллюсках. В част- Sviridenko, 2011]. Ряд работ посвящен моллюс- ности, информация о моллюсках этого бассейна кам п-ова Тазовский [Khokhutkin, 1966; Dolgin, отсутствует в Красных книгах Ямало-Ненецкого Johansen, 1973; Dolgin, 1974, 2001], некоторые автономного округа [Ektova, Zamyatin, 2010] и авторы также относят эти данные к бассейну р. Тюменской области [Petrova, 2004]. Такое поло- Таз. Таким образом, пресноводная малакофауна жение не отражает благополучие группы в дан- К фауне двустворчатых моллюсков бассейна р. Таз 15 РИС 1. Карта малакологических сборов экспедиции в бассейн р. Таз, 2015 г. FIG 1. Map of sampling sites in the Taz river basin, 2015. ном регионе, оно свидетельствует о её слабой
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