DOCSLIB.ORG

Breaking Medical Barriers Through Sport

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Breaking Medical Barriers Through Sport Healing Their Broken Bodies: Breaking Medical Barriers Through Sport Andres Chavez, Caia Kamplain, Henry Schuett, Angelica Trillo Senior Division Group Performance Process Paper Word Count: 498 Chavez Kamplain Schuett Trillo 1 Process Paper We were intrigued by early medical history topics and wanted something unique, inspirational, and that had a powerful legacy for marginalized populations. We discovered Sir Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, the father of the Paralympics, and we were captivated by his innovative therapies that revolutionized treatment of spinal cord injury patients. We created our performance Healing Their Broken Bodies: Breaking ​ Medical Barriers Through Sport in honor of Guttmann’s success in breaking medical, ​ physical and mental barriers for patients globally. Each team member began background research on Dr. Guttmann the history of spinal cord injury treatment. We developed timelines of Spinal Injury treatment and the history of ParaSports. There were a number of barriers as we decided to focus on the use of sport and Guttmann’s role in the creation of what became the modern day paralympics. We gathered extensive primary and secondary source materials to build our understanding of the medical, physical and mental barriers paraplegics faced during WWII. We interviewed Dr. Guttman’s daughter, Dr. Eva Loeffler who provided insight into the family, the life of her father, and an understanding of his passion to give “life back to his patients”. She directed us to an archive in England that provided digitized primary sources, unfortunately, the COVID 19 shut down meant that the archivists were unable to send digitized versions of the letter that secured the Guttman’s escape from Germany and a copy of the board meeting notes from the approval of the first Stoke Mandeville games. Limited visual resources and a large collection of written resources helped us determine that performance was the best category for our topic. We also felt the story would be more compelling if we could connect personally with the audience. We all Chavez Kamplain Schuett Trillo 2 worked collaboratively on research, character development, script writing, set design and creation of props and costumes. We lost access to all materials because our state locked down during Spring Break. Surprisingly, we think it forced us to improve our script because we had to be very intentional in how we planned stage direction and developed the flow of the script. Dr. Guttmann’s spinal cord injury treatments forced the medical field to shift from hospice care to rehabilitation. He was passionate about restoring quality of life to patients, however it required that he institute methods and practices to break very real mental and physical barriers. His innovative physiotherapy methods, got patients out of bed and restored strength and restored mobility. By implementing sports into physical rehab, he gave the patients something to work toward which broke mental barriers that could limit recovery. His treatment gained global acceptance allowing patients to break previously unheard of physical barriers and engage in their own rehabilitation. His initiation of the Stoke Mandeville games changed public perception and created a sense of normalcy that broke societal barriers. His legacy includes the creation of the international Paralympic games which now includes hundreds of thousands of athletes with a broad spectrum of physical impairments to break barriers in every competition. Chavez Kamplain Schuett Trillo 3 Bibliography Primary Sources Auftrag, J. N. Letter to Ludwig Guttmann, "Certificate," June 9, 1923. Wellcome Library. When the rise of the Nazi party began to discriminate against Jews many people were forced out of their professions. Among these people was a doctor named Ludwig Guttmann who would go on to be the father of the Paralympics. This notice was sent to him to inform him of his proficiency as a doctor and to eventually stop him from practicing medicine in the country of Germany. Australian Paralympian Tony South receives his gold medal at the 1968 Tel Aviv Summer Paralympics from the founder of the Paralympics, Ludwig Guttman. ​ Photograph. What Are the Paralympic Winter Games All About? Accessed October 14, 2019. https://www.cbc.ca/kidscbc2/the-feed/what-are-the-paralympic-winter-games-all- about. This is a photograph of Dr. Guttmann presenting Tony South with the gold medal for the 1968 Tel Aviv Summer Paralympics. ​ Buckinghamshire County Council, ed. "1950s The first international games." Stoke Mandeville Legacy. Last modified March 13, 2014. Accessed May 6, 2020. http://www.mandevillelegacy.org.uk/page_id__18.aspx. This article describes how Stoke Mandeville transitioned into a small gathering into being an official part of the Olympics. The hospital would house the athletes and the crowd was mostly family members there to support. The people that helped out with the games were staff members of different hospitals that Dr. Guttmann asked to help. By 1956 the Games started to gain traction and was recognized by the Olympics. This helped my group to see how long the social change took for the Paralympics to become part of our culture. Bull, Albert H. "Sir Ludwig Guttmann: From a Grateful Patient." Sir Ludwig Guttman: ​ From a Grateful Patient. Accessed October 29, 2019. ​ https://www.nature.com/articles/sc19796.pdf?origin=ppub. Rev. Albert Bull was a patient at Stoke Mandeville in 1945. He was an Army Champlain whose landing craft was hit with a shell during the invasion of Sicily. After that, he became a paraplegic and with no hope was transferred to Tripoli to be bedridden with no hope. He read in the times about Stoke Mandeville and soon after transferred and changed his life forever. He credits his recovery to Dr. Ludwig Guttman for helping him be more independent. Forman, Harrison. Bombing of the Polish countryside during the September ​ Campaign of 1939. Photograph. UMW Libraries. 2009. Accessed October 22, ​ 2019. https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/pol/id/103/rec/6. This image shows the Nazis invading a Polish community in 1939. This image gives historical context to why Ludwig Guttmann moved to Stoke Mandeville from Poland during World War 2. Chavez Kamplain Schuett Trillo 4 Getty Images. International Stoke Mandeville Games. August 2, 1969. Photograph. ​ ​ Hulton Archive. This photo is of the opening induction to the Stoke Mandeville Games. Induction began with a bouquet visit from Queen Elizabeth II. Her visit was one of many famous figures in history visiting Guttmann's cause, helping show examples of social belonging. Many paraplegics were socially impacted and inspired to physically come back and overcome their physical disabilities. Gutmann, Ludwig. "History of the National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury." Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Meeting of the ​ Society Held at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, 27th to 29th July 1967, ​ July 27, 1967, 115-26. This is a report that Dr. Guttmann wrote to the Scientific Meeting of the Society and sent to the administration to show the progress of his patients. The journal reported that Guttmanns's sport-based rehab helped increase morale rates and many SCI patients no longer were dependent on morphine. Guttmann, Ludwig. Letter to Edith Wolfsman, October 11, 1967. https://royalsociety.org/collections/wolfson-archive/stoke-mandeville/. A letter where Ludwig Guttmann is requesting money for an indoor sports stadium. He gives a brief history of the starting of his paraplegic sports movement. He shows that just because their bodies are a little broken, they're still people and they still deserve the things that other athletes get. ———. Letter to Gilbert Monckton, January 8, 1968. https://royalsociety.org/collections/wolfson-archive/stoke-mandeville/. Ludwig Guttmann wrote a letter thanking the Wolfson Foundation for supplying funds for the National Sports Centre for the Paralyzed and other Physically Handicapped. He shows his extreme gratitude for the funds that were given for his organization. ———. Textbook of Sport for the Disabled. Aylesbury, UK: HM + M Publishers, 1976. ​ ​ This book is written by Ludwig Guttmann who was the father of the Paralympics. In this book, he wrote about his discoveries and medical procedures for people with disabilities. Ludwig Guttman used many revolutionary types of medicine to help people with disabilities recover swiftly; using the incorporation of sport. This textbook helps teach future generations of doctors about his discoveries. Guttmann, Ludwig, M.D. "New Hope for Spinal Cord Sufferers." S.A. Tydskrif Vir ​ Geneeskunde, March 23, 1946. ​ In this medical journal from the S.A. Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, Guttmann analyzes the spinal cord injuries through examining brain waves. In addition to examining brain-behavior from spinal injuries, Guttmann also analyzes diseases commonly caught by paraplegics before introducing the medical practices that he later experiments on his patients. Chavez Kamplain Schuett Trillo 5 International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation. March of Nations through ​ the Years. Aylesbury, UK: International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports ​ Federation, 2017. Accessed October 29, 2019. http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/games/iwas-world-games11/past-games2/ . These six pictures show the Nation Marches through the years of the Paralympic games. The third picture shows a wonderful example of the Stoke Mandeville ward playing the Paralympics. Jane. Letter, 1940's. see and hear: museum
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Critical Perspective on the Legacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games
    A Critical Perspective on the Legacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games A Critical Perspective on the Legacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games Ian BRITTAIN, Ph.D. （Coventry University） Introduction Despite the fact that there has been a large body of work produced over the last decade or so that has examined major sport event legacies and event leverage, largely with respect to the Olympic Games, Misener et al. claim that ‘few studies have evaluated the comparative outcomes, legacies and event leverage that the Paralympic Games have generated1）’. This is despite the fact that, in many ways, the Paralympic Games, and their forerunners the Stoke Mandeville Games, were actually founded upon the basis of a kind of ‘legacy plan’ designed to improve the lives of people with disabilities. Before the Second World War, there is little evidence of organised efforts to develop or promote sport for individuals with disabling conditions, especially those with spinal injuries who were considered to have no hope of surviving their injuries. Following the war, however, medical authorities were prompted to re-evaluate traditional methods of rehabilitation which were not satisfactorily responding to the medical and psychological needs of the large number of soldiers disabled in combat2）. According to McCann, Dr Ludwig Guttmann （the universally accepted founder of the Paralympic movement） recognised the physiological and psychological values of sport in the rehabilitation of paraplegic hospital inpatients3） and so it was at that point that sport was introduced as part of their rehabilitation. The aim was not only to give hope and a sense of self-worth to the patients, but to change the attitudes of society towards the spinally injured by demonstrating to them that they could not only continue to be useful members of society, but could take part in activities and complete tasks that most of the non- disabled society would struggle with4）.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Front Cover
    PLEASE BRING THIS CATALOG WHEN YOU REGISTER East Carolina University is committed to equality of educational opportunity and does not discriminate against applicants, students, or employees based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, or disability. Moreover, East Carolina University is open to people of all races and actively seeks to promote racial integration by recruiting and enrolling a larger number of black students. East Carolina University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. UNIVERSITY TELEPHONE NUMBERS University Operator: 252-328-6131 Graduate Admissions: 252-328-6012 Brody School of Medicine Admissions: 252-816-2202 This catalog is effective with the beginning of the academic year. Courses normally meet one hour per week for each semester hour credit. The numbers in parentheses following the title for each course listed under the various programs, departments, and schools of the university indicate the semester hours credit. Exceptions to the rule, such as labs, are printed under course titles. Prerequisites and corequisites for courses in section 7 of this catalog are indicated as follows: P if prerequisite; C if corequisite; P/C if prerequisite or corequisite. When P, C, or P/C is preceded by R, it is recommended but not required. All provisions, regulations, degree programs, and course listings in effect when this catalog went to press are subject to revision by the appropriate governing bodies of East Carolina University. Students pursuing degree programs when such changes are instituted are expected to comply with the revisions that relate to their programs. COVER PHOTO: A graduate student in East Carolina’s maritime studies program maneuvers a floating air pump on North Carolina’s Pungo River.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraplegia Editorial
    Paraplegia 29 (1991) 569 © 1991 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Paraplegia Editorial Dreams Billy Payne, an attorney in Atl�nta, Georgia, had a dream that the Olympics could be held in his hometown. He discussed the dream with friends, business people and politicians. Largely with the force of his belief and personality, he obtained their commitment for time and money. Four years later, after first winning the right to be the designated United States city, the dream came to fruition in Tokyo when Juan Samaranch, the President of the International Olympic Committee, announced, 'and the city is Atlanta'-the home of the 1996 Olympics. Others dream also. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, after starting the National Spinal Cord Injury Center in 1944, probably dreamed about starting the Wheelchair Games. This dream developed into the Guttmann Sports Center in Stoke Mandeville, a truly impressive facility, and led to the International Games for the Disabled. Juan Samaranch, IOC President, dreamed of holding the Olympic Games in his hometown and that will happen in 1992 when the Summer Olympics take place in Barcelona, Spain. The Editor of this, the American Issue of Paraplegia had a dream of a Rehabilitation Center in Atlanta, Georgia which ultimately became a 100 bed spinal center after four expansions in 16 years. Everyone dreams. The leaders of the Paralympics are dreaming of the day when the International Olympic Games will include the Paralympics. Prior to 1960, the International Wheelchair Games were held at Stoke Mandeville in the same year as the Olympics. In 1984 an attempt was made to hold the Games in North America but for various reasons, Los Angeles, the site of the Olympics, Ontario and Illinois, all did not work out.
    [Show full text]
  • Register of Lords' Interests
    REGISTER OF LORDS’ INTERESTS _________________ The following Members of the House of Lords have registered relevant interests under the code of conduct: ABERDARE, LORD Category 10: Non-financial interests (a) Director, F.C.M. Limited (recording rights) Category 10: Non-financial interests (c) Trustee, National Library of Wales (interest ceased 31 March 2021) Category 10: Non-financial interests (e) Trustee, Stephen Dodgson Trust (promotes continued awareness/performance of works of composer Stephen Dodgson) Chairman and Trustee, Berlioz Sesquicentenary Committee (music) Director, UK Focused Ultrasound Foundation (charitable company limited by guarantee) Chairman and Trustee, Berlioz Society Trustee, West Wycombe Charitable Trust ADAMS OF CRAIGIELEA, BARONESS Nil No registrable interests ADDINGTON, LORD Category 1: Directorships Chairman, Microlink PC (UK) Ltd (computing and software) Category 10: Non-financial interests (a) Director and Trustee, The Atlas Foundation (registered charity; seeks to improve lives of disadvantaged people across the world) Category 10: Non-financial interests (d) President (formerly Vice President), British Dyslexia Association Category 10: Non-financial interests (e) Vice President, UK Sports Association Vice President, Lakenham Hewitt Rugby Club (interest ceased 30 November 2020) ADEBOWALE, LORD Category 1: Directorships Director, Leadership in Mind Ltd (business activities; certain income from services provided personally by the member is or will be paid to this company; see category 4(a)) Director, Visionable
    [Show full text]
  • Ideals and Significance of the Paralympics: Observations from Temporal and Spatial Dimensions
    Ideals and Significance of the Paralympics: Observations from Temporal and Spatial Dimensions Ideals and Significance of the Paralympics: Observations from Temporal and Spatial Dimensions Kazuo OGOURA Introduction As the Paralympics becomes more widely recognized and the public’s knowledge and interest grows, Paralympic competitions are, in part, starting to be commercialized and made into a form of entertainment. The current situation calls for a re-evaluation of what has been considered as the essential significance and effect of the Paralympic Games and the Paralympic Movement on society. In other words, there is an increasing need to look back on the history of the Paralympics to examine its original significance and ideals and, at the same time, to re-evaluate or re-examine the significance and ideals of the Paralympics through comparisons with similar international games and movements. From this perspective, this article will attempt to revisit the original ideals of the Paralympics and to look back on the history of the Paralympics. It will also discuss the significance and ideals of the Paralympics from social and international perspectives, in particular through comparisons with other international disability sports competitions: the Deaflympics, Special Olympics, the VIRTUS（previously INAS） Global Games for persons with intellectual disability, and the Invictus Games. The observation and analysis will focus on Paralympic ideals through the following eight dimensions:（1） as symbolized by the Paralympic symbol;（2） the slogans of the Paralympic Games;（3） the words of Sir Ludwig Guttmann;（4） the speeches at the opening and closing ceremonies; （5） the stage performances at the opening and closing ceremonies, medals, and songs;（6） the achievements of the recipients of the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award; （7） comparison with major international disability sports competitions; and（8） comparison with the ideals of Japan’s National Sports Festival for People with Disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Register of Lords' Interests
    REGISTER OF LORDS’ INTERESTS _________________ The following Members of the House of Lords have registered relevant interests under the code of conduct: ABERDARE, L. Category 1: Directorships Director, WALTZ Programmes Limited (training for work/apprenticeships in London) Category 10: Non-financial interests (a) Director, F.C.M. Limited (recording rights) Category 10: Non-financial interests (c) Trustee, Berlioz Society Trustee, St John Cymru-Wales Trustee, National Library of Wales Category 10: Non-financial interests (e) Trustee, West Wycombe Charitable Trust ADAMS OF CRAIGIELEA, B. Nil No registrable interests ADDINGTON, L. Category 1: Directorships Chairman, Microlink PC (UK) Ltd (computing and software) Category 7: Overseas visits Visit to Azerbaijan, 30 May - 3 June 2013, to meet ministers and other political leaders, NGOs and business figures; cost of visit met by European Azerbaijan Society Category 8: Gifts, benefits and hospitality One ticket for final of men's badminton, Olympic Games, 5 August 2012; two tickets for opening ceremony of Paralympic Games, 29 August 2012, as a part of duties as a parliamentary ambassador for the London Olympic Games 2012 * Category 10: Non-financial interests (d) Vice President, British Dyslexia Association Category 10: Non-financial interests (e) Vice President, UK Sports Association Vice President, Lakenham Hewitt Rugby Club ADEBOWALE, L. Category 1: Directorships Director, Leadership in Mind Ltd (business activities; certain income from services provided personally by the Member is or will
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Ludwig Guttmann Wybitny Neurolog Urodzony W Toszku
    Sir Ludwig Guttmann Wybitny neurolog urodzony w Toszku. Twórca ruchu paraolimpijskiego Toszek 2017 Sir Ludwig Guttmann – wybitny neurolog urodzony w Toszku. Twórca ruchu paraolimpijskiego. Toszek 2017 Wydawca: Urząd Miasta i Gminy Toszek, Centrum Kultury „Zamek w Toszku” Skład i łamanie: ILLUSTRIS Damian Halmer, Zabrze Druk: Drukarnia KOLUMB, Chorzów Na przodzie okładki: Portret Ludwiga Guttmanna autorstwa Jerzego Woźniaka ISBN 978-83-937265-1-6 Szanowni Państwo, Dr Ludwig Guttmann, urodzony w Toszku twórca ruchu paraolim- pijskiego, jest niewątpliwie jednym z ważniejszych bohaterów naszej lokalnej społeczności, choć wciąż jeszcze za mało znanym. Z przyjem- nością przekazuję więc w Państwa ręce publikację, w której w zwięzłej formie opisujemy jego życie, doro- bek, proces odkrywania tej postaci w Toszku, a także przedsięwzięcia podejmowane u nas na rzecz popularyzacji wiedzy o tym znakomi- tym człowieku. Zarówno życiorys Ludwiga Guttmanna, jak również jego dorobek chcemy nadal zgłębiać, przyswajać i promować. Cen- nym wsparciem dla naszych działań była wizyta w Toszku przedsta- wicieli Europejskiego Komitetu Paraolimpijskiego w czerwcu 2017. Wszystkim gościom, sympatykom, turystom oraz wszystkim zainte- resowanym sylwetką Ludwiga Guttmanna - polecam tę zwięzłą lek- turę i zapraszam do odwiedzenia naszego miasteczka. Grzegorz Kupczyk Burmistrz Toszka 4 Dr Ludwig Guttmann Życie, dzieło i dziedzictwo Józef Musielok ir Ludwig Guttmann urodził się trzeciego lipca 1899 roku w rodzinie żydowskiej w Toszku (ówczesnym Tost). Trzy dni później został sporządzony w Urzędzie Stanu Cywilnego w Toszku akt urodzenia. Dokument stwierdza, że żona kupca Si właściciela hotelu Bernharda Guttmanna, Dorothe’a Guttmann z domu Weissenberg, trzeciego lipca urodziła potomka płci męskiej, któremu nadano imię Ludwig. W 1902 roku rodzina Guttmann przeniosła się do Chorzowa (wtedy Königs- hütte).
    [Show full text]
  • British Blind Sport Website Address: Contact Phone Number: 01926 424 247 Contact E-Mail Address: [email protected]
    British Blind Sport Website address: www.britishblindsport.org.uk Contact phone number: 01926 424 247 Contact e-mail address: [email protected] Our purpose British Blind Sport (BBS) provides visually impaired people with the opportunity to participate in sport. As a charity we pride ourselves on ‘making a visible difference through sport’ as we know that taking the first step into participating in a sporting or recreational activity can change lives for the better. Sport and recreational activities can enhance the lives of people with visual impairments by improving their health, developing confidence and increasing social interaction. We encourage adults and children to participate in activities at all levels from grassroots to the Paralympic Games. Who we represent BBS is a membership organisation with a number of volunteer led Specialist Sports Sections. These sections provide a national programme of opportunities for adults over the age of 16 in archery, cricket, football, acoustic shooting and ten-pin-bowling. Alongside the Sport Sections’ league and cup events programme, BBS hosts a number of ‘have a go days/come and try sessions’ for VI children and adults to try sport for the first time or be re-introduced back into the sport of their choice. In addition to the adult programme, BBS also hosts national youth events for those under the age of 18 in football and swimming. Find us on Facebook: British Blind Sport Follow us on Twitter: @BritBlindSport Registered Charity No. 271500 Blind and partially sighted people There are almost two million people in the UK living with sight loss.
    [Show full text]
  • LUDWIG GUTTMANN: O Criador Dos Jogos Paralímpicos
    LUDWIG GUTTMANN: O criador dos Jogos Paralímpicos Por Dr. Lauro Arruda – Cardiologista Nasceu em 03 de julho de 1899 em Tost, Silésia- Alemanha (hoje Toszek, Polonia) em uma família judia ortodoxa. Em 1917, aos 18 anos, começou a trabalhar como voluntário no Hospital de Acidentes de Konigshutte. Foi onde manteve o primeiro contato com um paciente portador de paraplegia por lesão da medula espinhal, fato que o marcou por toda a vida. Tratava-se de um trabalhador das minas de carvão, jovem e forte, que foi isolado dos demais pacientes da enfermaria para aguardar a morte, pois essa era a sentença para esse tipo de doença – no seu prontuário estava escrito: “não se preocupar, pois ele vai morrer em poucas semanas”, o que veio a acontecer cinco semanas depois, devido a uma infecção generalizada (septicemia). Em abril de 1918, Guttmann iniciou os estudos médicos na Universidade de Breslau. No ano seguinte, mudou-se para Freiburg, onde concluiu o curso médico, em 1924. Na década de trinta, Guttmann era conceituado como um dos melhores neurocirurgiões da Alemanha. Mas com a chegada dos nazistas ao poder, o então diretor do Hospital de Breslau ficou impedido de exercer sua profissão plenamente, pois só lhe era permitido atender a judeus. Em 1939, surgiu uma oportunidade de escapar das perseguições nazistas, quando recebeu um convite para viajar à Portugal para atender a um amigo do ditador Antônio Salazar. No seu retorno pela Inglaterra, foi acolhido pelo Conselho de Assistência a Refugiados Acadêmicos, que lhe ofereceu condições para trabalhar no Reino Unido. Desembarcou em Oxford no dia 14 de março de 1939, acompanhado de sua esposa Else, do filho Denis e da filha Eva, para reiniciar suas pesquisas sobre lesões da medula espinhal.
    [Show full text]
  • Sports and Exercise Science and Medicine: Building on the Olympic Legacy to Improve the Nation’S Health Oral and Written Evidence
    Science and Technology Committee Sports and exercise science and medicine: building on the Olympic legacy to improve the nation’s health Oral and written evidence Contents Arthritis Research UK – Written evidence ......................................................................................... 3 Arthritis Research UK, Institute of Sports and Exercise Medicine, UK Sport and Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit – Oral evidence (QQ 69-103) ........................................... 6 Professor Greg Atkinson, Teesside University – Written evidence .............................................. 7 Professor Sir Steve Bloom, Imperial College London, Professor Tim Cable, Liverpool John Moores University, Colonel John Etherington, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine and Professor Hugh Montgomery, University College London – Oral evidence (QQ 1-25) ........ 10 British Association for Applied Nutrition & Nutritional Therapy (BANT) – Written evidence ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 British Association of Sport and Exercise Science (BASES) – Written evidence ...................... 26 Professor Tim Cable, Liverpool John Moores University, Colonel John Etherington, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Professor Hugh Montgomery, University College London and Professor Sir Steve Bloom, Imperial College London – Oral evidence (QQ 1-25) ......... 35 Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), NHS
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Article Sir Ludwig Guttmann's Publications Under the Nazis
    Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 602 ± 608 ã 2001 International Medical Society of Paraplegia All rights reserved 1362 ± 4393/01 $15.00 www.nature.com/sc Historical Article Sir Ludwig Guttmann's publications under the Nazis JR Silver*,1 1Wendover, Bucks, UK Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 602 ± 608 Keywords: Guttmann; publications; Nazi Germany Introduction I wrote a historical review (Spinal Cord (2000) 38, haus in Breslau, he received a notice informing him 581 ± 596) on the history of Guttmann's and Whitter- that under Nazi laws his hospital appointment would idge's discovery of autonomic dysre¯exia which was cease on 30 June 1933. based on an application by Ludwig Guttman in 1943 This was deeply shocking to Guttmann who regarded to the Medical Research Council for a research grant. himself as `a German who happened to be a Jew'.1 As part of the application, there was a list of his Foerster appealed to the authorities to try and get publications while he was working in Germany. After them to withdraw the dismissal. As a result it was the rise of the Nazis to power, Jews were persecuted agreed that the notice of dismissal would be and not allowed to practise medicine or to publish temporarily suspended until a replacement for Gutt- scienti®c papers in Germany and the fact that these mann could be found. were published at all is remarkable. Guttmann was furious and absolutely refused to In view of the fact that Guttmann is such a accept this humiliation but he agreed to stay until the dominant in¯uence on the formation of ideas on the ocial leaving date of 30 June 1933.1 treatment of spinal injuries and was the founder of this On 10 July 1933 he started work at the Jewish journal, how these papers came to be published is of Hospital in Breslau.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review Study on Paralympic Games
    International Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IJSPE) Volume 4, Issue 1, 2018, PP 19-24 ISSN 2454-6380 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-6380.0401005 www.arcjournals.org A Review Study on Paralympic Games Dr. SandipSankarGhosh1, Miss. SampaBhowmick2 Assistant Professors, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India. M.P.Ed student, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author: Dr. SandipSankarGhosh, Assistant Professors, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India Abstract: The word “Paralympic” derives from the Greek preposition “para” (beside or alongside) and the word “Olympic”. Its meaning is that Paralympics are the parallel Games to the Olympics and illustrates how the two movements exist side-by-side (https://www.paralympic.org). The Paralympic Games is a major international multi sports event involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment. The first Paralympic Games took place in Rome, Italy in 1960 featuring 400 athletes from 23 countries. Since then they have taken place every four years. As of 2016 summer Paralympic games was included 22 sports and 526 medal events. The IPC has established ten disability categories, including physical, visual, and intellectual impairment. Last Paralympic was held in Rio de Janeiro and upcoming Paralympic
    [Show full text]