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Point Reyes National Seashore Bird List

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Birds of Point Reyes National Seashore

  • Gaviidae (Loons)
  • Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)

Picidae (Woodpeckers)
Podicipedidae (Grebes)

Procellariidae (Shearwaters, Petrels) Hydrobatidae (Storm Petrels) Sulidae (Boobies, Gannets)
Alaudidae (Larks) Hirundinidae (Swallows) Laniidae (Shrikes)

Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) Fregatidae (Frigate Birds)
Corvidae (Crows, Jays) Paridae (Chickadees, Titmice)

  • Aegithalidae (Bushtits)
  • Ardeidae (Herons, Bitterns, & Egrets)

Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Spoonbills) Ciconiidae (Storks)
Sittidae (Nuthatches) Certhiidae (Creepers)
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) Cathartidae (New World Vultures) Accipitridae (Hawks, Kites, Eagles) & Falconidae (Caracaras, Falcons) Odontophoridae (New World Quail) Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) Gruidae (Cranes)
Troglodytidae (Wrens) Cinclidae (Dippers) Regulidae (Kinglets) Sylviidae (Old World Warblers, Gnatcatchers) Turdidae (Thrushes) Timaliidae (Babblers) Mimidae (Mockingbirds, Thrashers) Motacillidae (Wagtails, Pipits) Bombycillidae (Waxwings) Ptilogonatidae (Silky-flycatcher) Parulidae (Wood Warblers) Cardinalidae (Cardinals) Emberizidae (Emberizids) Fringillidae (Finches)
Charadriidae (Lapwings, Plovers) Haematopodidae (Oystercatcher) Recurvirostridae (Stilts, Avocets) Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Phalaropes) Laridae (Skuas, Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) Alcidae (Auks, Murres, Puffins) Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) Cuculidae (Cuckoos, Road Runners, Anis) Tytonidae (Barn Owls)

NON-NATIVES

Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) Phasianidae (Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys) Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) Sturnidae (Starlings)
Strigidae (Typical Owls) Caprimulgidae (Nighthawks, Nightjars) Apodidae (Swifts)

  • Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
  • Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Gavia stellata

Common Name

  • Red-throated Loon
  • Gaviidae (Loons)

Gavia arctica Gavia pacifica Gavia immer Gavia adamsii

Arctic Loon Pacific Loon Common Loon Yellow-billed Loon

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Podicipedidae (Grebes)

Podilymbus podiceps Podiceps auritus Podiceps nigricollis Podiceps grisegena Aechmophorus occidentalis Aechmophorus clarkii

Pied-billed Grebe Horned Grebe Eared Grebe Red-necked Grebe Western Grebe Clark’s Grebe

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Diomedeidae (Albatrosses)

Diomedea albatrus Diomedea nigripes Phoebetria palpebrata Phoebastria immutabilis Thalassarche cauta

Short-tailed Albatross Black-footed Albatross Light-mantled Albatross Laysan Albatross Shy Albatross

Procellariidae (Shearwaters, Petrels)

Fulmarus glacialis Procellaria parkinsoni Pterodroma inexpectata Pterodroma phaeopygia Pterodroma macroptera Pterodroma ultima Pterodroma cookii Pterodroma longirostris Puffinus creatopus Puffinus carneipes Calonectris leucomelas Puffinus bulleri Puffinus gravis Puffinus griseus Puffinus tenuirostris Puffinus opisthomelas Puffinus puffinus

Northern Fulmar Parkinson's Petrel Mottled Petrel Dark-rumped Petrel Great-winged Petrel Murphy's Petrel Cook's Petrel Stejneger's Petrel Pink-footed Shearwater Flesh-footed Shearwater Streaked Shearwater Buller’s Shearwater Greater Shearwater Sooty Shearwater Short-tailed Shearwater Black-vented Shearwater Manx Shearwater

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  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Oceanites oceanicus

Common Name

  • Wilson’s Storm-Petrel
  • Hydrobatidae (Storm Petrels)

Oceanodroma furcata

Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Leach’s Storm-Petrel Ashy Storm-Petrel Least Storm-Petrel Black Storm-Petrel

Oceanodroma leucorhoa Oceanodroma homochroa Oceanodroma microsoma Oceanodroma melania

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Sulidae (Boobies, Gannets) Pelecanidae (Pelicans)

Sula sula Sula leucogaster

Red-footed Booby Brown Booby

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelecanus occidentalis

American White Pelican Brown Pelican

Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants)

Phalacrocorax auritus Phalacrocorax penicillatus Phalacrocorax pelagicus

Double-crested Cormorant Brandt’s Cormorant Pelagic Cormorant

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Fregatidae (Frigate Birds)

Fregata magnificens

Magnificent Frigatebird
Ardeidae (Herons, Bitterns, & Egrets)

Botaurus lentiginosus Ixobrychus exilis Ardea herodias Egretta caerulea Egretta tricolor Butorides virescens Nycticorax nycticorax Nycticorax violaceus Egretta thula

American Bittern Least Bittern Great Blue Heron Little Blue Heron Tricolored Heron Green Heron Black-crowned Night-Heron Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Snowy Egret

Ardea alba

Great Egret

Bubulcus ibis

Cattle Egret

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Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Spoonbills) Ciconiidae (Storks)

Eudocimus albus Plegadis chihi

White Ibis White-faced Ibis

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Mycteria americana

Wood Stork

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Cygnus columbianus

Common Name

  • Tundra Swan
  • Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans)

Cygnus buccinator Anser albifrons Chen caerulescens Chen rossii

Trumpeter Swan Greater White-fronted Goose Snow Goose Ross’s Goose Emperor Goose Canada Goose Cackling Canada Goose Brant

Chen canagica Branta canadensis Branta canadensis minima Branta bernicla Aix sponsa

Wood Duck

Anas crecca Anas cyanoptera Anas discors Anas querquedula Anas clypeata Anas platyrhynchos Anas acuta

Green-winged Teal Cinnamon Teal Blue-winged Teal Garganey Northern Shoveler Mallard Northern Pintail Gadwall

Anas strepera Anas americana Anas penelope Aythya valisineria Aythya americana Aythya collaris

American Wigeon Eurasian Wigeon Canvasback Redhead Ring-necked Duck Tufted Duck

Aythya fuligula Aythya marila Aythya affinis

Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup

Somateria spectabilis Histrionicus histrionicus Clangula hyemalis Melanitta fusca Melanitta perspicillata Melanitta nigra

King Eider Harlequin Duck Long-tailed Duck White-winged Scoter Surf Scoter Black Scoter

Bucephala clangula Bucephala islandica Bucephala albeola Lophodytes cucullatus Mergus merganser

Common Goldeneye Barrow’s Goldeneye Bufflehead Hooded Merganser

  • Common Merganser
  • continued on next page

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Mergus serrator Oxyura jamaicensis

Common Name
Red-breasted Merganser Ruddy Duck
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) cont.

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Cathartidae (New World Vultures)

Cathartes aura

Turkey Vulture

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Accipitridae (Hawks, Kites, Eagles) & Falconidae (Caracaras, Falcons)

Pandion haliaetus Elanus leucurus Haliaeetus leucocephalus Aquila chrysaetos Polyborus plancus Circus cyaneus Accipiter gentilis Accipiter cooperii Accipiter striatus Buteo lineatus

Osprey White-tailed Kite Bald Eagle Golden Eagle Crested Caracara Northern Harrier Northern Goshawk Cooper’s Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-shouldered Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Swainson’s Hawk Ferruginous Hawk Rough-legged Hawk Zone-tailed Hawk American Kestrel Merlin

Buteo jamaicensis Buteo platypterus Buteo swainsoni Buteo regalis Buteo lagopus Buteo albonotatus Falco sparverius Falco columbarius Falco peregrinus Falco mexicanus

Peregrine Falcon Prairie Falcon

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Odontophoridae (New World Quail) Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots)

Callipepla californica

California Quail

Coturnicops noveboracensis Laterallus jamaicensis Rallus longirostris Rallus limicola

Yellow Rail Black Rail Clapper Rail Virginia Rail Sora

Porzana carolina Gallinula chloropus Fulica americana

Common Moorhen American Coot

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Gruidae (Cranes)

Grus canadensis

Sandhill Crane

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Pluvialis squatarola

Common Name

  • Black-bellied Plover
  • Charadriidae (Lapwings, Plovers)

Pluvialis dominica Pluvialis fulva

American Golden-Plover Pacific Golden-Plover Mongolian Plover Greater Sand Plover Western Snowy Plover Common Ringed Plover Semipalmated Plover Mountain Plover

Charadrius mongolus Charadrius leschenaultii Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Charadrius hiaticula Charadrius semipalmatus Charadrius montanus Charadrius vociferus Charadrius morinellus

Killdeer Eurasian Dotterel

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Haematopodidae (Oystercatcher) Recurvirostridae (Stilts, Avocets)

Haematopus bachmani

Black Oystercatcher

Himantopus mexicanus Recurvirostra americana

Black-necked Stilt American Avocet

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Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Phalaropes)

Tringa melanoleuca Tringa flavipes Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Heteroscelus incanus Heteroscelus brevipes Tringa solitaria

Greater Yellowlegs Lesser Yellowlegs Willet Wandering Tattler Gray-tailed Tattler Solitary Sandpiper Spotted Sandpiper Whimbrel Long-billed Curlew Bristle-thighed Curlew Hudsonian Godwit Marbled Godwit Bar-tailed Godwit Ruddy Turnstone Black Turnstone Surfbird

Actitis macularia Numenius phaeopus Numenius americanus Numenius tahitiensis Limosa haemastica Limosa fedoa Limosa lapponica Arenaria interpres Arenaria melanocephala Aphriza virgata Calidris canutus

Red Knot

Calidris alba

Sanderling

Calidris minuta

Little Stint continued on next page

Calidris subminuta

Long-toed Stint

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Calidris mauri

Common Name

  • Western Sandpiper
  • Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Phalaropes) cont.

Calidris pusilla Calidris minutilla Calidris fuscicollis Calidris bairdii Calidris melanotos Calidris acuminata Calidris ptilocnemis Calidris ferruginea Calidris himantopus Tryngites subruficollis Calidris alpina

Semipalmated Sandpiper Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird’s Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Rock Sandpiper Curlew Sandpiper Stilt Sandpiper Buff-breasted Sandpiper Dunlin

Philomachus pugnax Limnodromus scolopaceus Limnodromus griseus Gallinago gallinago Gallinago delicata Phalaropus tricolor Phalaropus lobatus Phalaropus fulicaria

Ruff Long-billed Dowitcher Short-billed Dowitcher Common Snipe Wilson's Snipe Wilson’s Phalarope Red-necked Phalarope Red Phalarope

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Laridae (Skuas, Gulls, Terns, Skimmers)

Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Stercorarius longicaudus Catharacta maccormicki Larus pipixcan

Pomarine Jaeger Parasitic Jaeger Long-tailed Jaeger South Ploar Skua Franklin’s Gull Laughing Gull Little Gull

Larus atricilla Larus minutus Larus ridibundus Larus philadelphia Larus heermanni Larus canus

Black-headed Gull Bonaparte’s Gull Heermann’s Gull Mew Gull

Larus delawarensis Larus californicus Larus argentatus Larus thayeri

Ring-billed Gull California Gull Herring Gull Thayer’s Gull continued on next page

Larus occidentalis

Western Gull

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Larus glaucescens

Common Name

  • Glaucous-winged Gull
  • Laridae (Skuas, Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) cont.

Larus hyperboreus Larus glaucoides Xema sabini Rissa tridactyla Sterna caspia Sterna maxima Sterna elegans Sterna hirundo Sterna paradisaea Sterna forsteri Sterna antillarum Chlidonias niger Sterna fuscata Rynchops niger

Glaucous Gull Iceland Gull Sabine’s Gull Black-legged Kittiwake Caspian Tern Royal Tern Elegant Tern Common Tern Arctic Tern Forster’s Tern Least Tern Black Tern Sooty Tern Black Skimmer

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Alcidae (Auks, Murres, Puffins)

Uria aalge Uria lomvia Cepphus columba

Common Murre Thick-billed Murre Pigeon Guillemot Marbled Murrelet Ancient Murrelet Xantus’s Murrelet Craveri’s Murrelet Cassin’s Auklet Parakeet Auklet Crested Auklet Rhinoceros Auklet Tufted Puffin

Brachyramphus marmoratus Synthliboramphus antiquus Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Synthliboramphus craveri Ptychoramphus aleuticus Aethia psittacula Aethia cristatella Cerorhinca monocerata Fratercula cirrhata Fratercula corniculata

Horned Puffin

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Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves)

Zenaida macroura Zenaida asiatica Streptopelia orientalis Columba fasciata

Mourning Dove White-winged Dove Oriental Turtle Dove Band-tailed Pigeon

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Cuculidae (Cuckoos, Road Runners, Anis)

Coccyzus erythropthalmus Coccyzus americanus

Black-billed Cuckoo Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Family
Tytonidae (Barn Owls)

  • Genus/Species
  • Common Name

Tyto alba

Barn Owl

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Strigidae (Typical Owls)

Otus kennicottii

Western Screech-Owl Great Horned Owl Snowy Owl Northern Pygmy-Owl Burrowing Owl

Bubo virginianus Nyctea scandiaca Glaucidium gnoma Athene cunicularia Strix occidentalis caurina Asio otus

Northern Spotted Owl Long-eared Owl

Asio flammeus

Short-eared Owl

Aegolius acadicus

Northern Saw-whet Owl

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Caprimulgidae (Nighthawks, Nightjars) Apodidae (Swifts)

Chordeiles acutipennis Chordeiles minor Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Caprimulgus vociferus

Lesser Nighthawk Common Nighthawk Common Poorwill Whip-poor-will

Cypseloides niger Chaetura pelagica Chaetura vauxi

Black Swift Chimney Swift Vaux’s Swift

Aeronautes saxatalis

White-throated Swift
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)

Calypte anna

Anna’s Hummingbird

Archilochus alexandri Archilochus colubris Calypte costae Stellula calliope Selasphorus rufus Selasphorus sasin

Black-chinned Hummingbird Ruby-throated Hummingbird Costa’s Hummingbird Calliope Hummingbird Rufous Hummingbird Allen’s Hummingbird

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Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) Picidae (Woodpeckers)

Ceryle alcyon

Belted Kingfisher

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Melanerpes lewis

Lewis’s Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Acorn Woodpecker Nuttall's Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker

Melanerpes erythrocephalus Melanerpes formicivorus Picoides nuttallii

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Picoides pubescens

  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Picoides villosus

Common Name

  • Hairy Woodpecker
  • Picidae (Woodpeckers) cont.

Dryocopus pileatus Colaptes auratus

Pileated Woodpecker Northern Flicker

Sphyrapicus ruber Sphyrapicus nuchalis Sphyrapicus varius Sphyrapicus thyroideus

Red-breasted Sapsucker Red-naped Sapsucker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Williamson’s Sapsucker

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Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatcher)

Contopus cooperi Contopus sordidulus Contopus virens Empidonax flaviventris Empidonax traillii

Olive-sided Flycatcher Western Wood-Pewee Eastern Wood-Pewee Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher

Empidonax alnorum Empidonax minimus Empidonax hammondii Empidonax wrightii Empidonax oberholseri Empidonax occidentalis Empidonax difficilis Pyrocephalus rubinus Sayornis nigricans Sayornis saya

Alder Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Hammond's Flycatcher Gray Flycatcher Dusky Flycatcher Cordilleran Flycatcher Pacific-slope Flycatcher Vermilion Flycatcher Black Phoebe Say's Phoebe

Sayornis phoebe

Eastern Phoebe

Myiarchus cinerascens Myiarchus tuberculifer Myiarchus crinitus Tyrannus forficatus Myiodynastes luteiventris Tyrannus verticalis Tyrannus melancholicus Tyrannus vociferans Tyrannus tyrannus

Ash-throated Flycatcher Dusky-capped Flycatcher Great Crested Flycatcher Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Suphur-bellied Flycatcher Western Kingbird Tropical Kingbird Cassin's Kingbird Eastern Kingbird

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Alaudidae (Larks)

Alauda arvensis Eremophila alpestris

Oriental Sky Lark Horned Lark
Family
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
Genus/Species

Progne subis

Common Name
Purple Martin

Tachycineta bicolor Tachycineta thalassina Stelgidopteryx serripennis Riparia riparia

Tree Swallow Violet-green Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Hirundo rustica

Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow

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Laniidae (Shrikes) Vireonidae (Vireos)

Lanius ludovicianus Lanius excubitor Lanius cristatus

Loggerhead Shrike Northern Shrike Brown Shrike

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Vireo huttoni

Hutton’s Vireo

Vireo griseus Vireo bellii

White-eyed Vireo Bell’s Vireo

Vireo cassinii Vireo solitarius Vireo plumbeus Vireo flavifrons Vireo gilvus

Cassin's Vireo Blue-headed Vireo Plumbeous Vireo Yellow-throated Vireo Warbling Vireo

Vireo philadelphicus Vireo olivaceus Vireo flavoviridis

Philadelphia Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Yellow-green Vireo

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Corvidae (Crows, Jays)

Cyanocitta stelleri

Steller’s Jay

Aphelocoma californica Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Pica nuttalli Nucifraga columbiana Corvus brachyrhynchos Corvus corax

Western Scrub-Jay Pinyon Jay Yellow-billed Magpie Clark’s Nutcracker American Crow Common Raven

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Paridae (Chickadees, Titmice) Aegithalidae (Bushtits)

Poecile rufescens Parus gambeli Baeolophus inornatus

Chestnut-backed Chickadee Mountain Chickadee Oak Titmouse

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Psaltriparus minimus

Bushtit

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  • Family
  • Genus/Species

Sitta canadensis Sitta carolinensis Sitta pygmaea

Common Name
Red-breasted Nuthatch White-breasted Nuthatch Pygmy Nuthatch
Sittidae (Nuthatches) Certhiidae (Creepers)

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Certhia americana

Brown Creeper

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Troglodytidae (Wrens)

Salpinctes obsoletus Catherpes mexicanus Thryomanes bewickii Troglodytes aedon Troglodytes troglodytes Cistothorus platensis Cistothorus palustris

Rock Wren Canyon Wren Bewick’s Wren House Wren Winter Wren Sedge Wren Marsh Wren

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Cinclidae (Dippers) Regulidae (Kinglets)

Cinclus mexicanus

American Dipper

Regulus satrapa Regulus calendula

Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet

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Sylviidae (Old World Warblers, Gnatcatchers) Turdidae (Thrushes)

Phylloscopus fuscatus Polioptila caerulea

Dusky Warbler Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Sialia mexicana

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  • The Evolutionary History of the White Wagtail Species Complex, (Passeriformes: Motacillidae: Motacilla Alba)

    The Evolutionary History of the White Wagtail Species Complex, (Passeriformes: Motacillidae: Motacilla Alba)

    Contributions to Zoology 88 (2019) 257-276 CTOZ brill.com/ctoz The evolutionary history of the white wagtail species complex, (Passeriformes: Motacillidae: Motacilla alba) Maliheh Pirayesh Shirazinejad Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mansour Aliabadian Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran [email protected] Omid Mirshamsi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Abstract The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) species complex with its distinctive plumage in separate geographical areas can serve as a model to test evolutionary hypotheses. Its extensive variety in plumage, despite the genetic similarity between taxa, and the evolutionary events connected to this variety are poorly under- stood. Therefore we sampled in the breeding range of the white wagtail: 338 individuals were analyzed from 74 areas in the Palearctic and Mediterranean. We studied the white wagtail complex based on two mitochondrial DNA markers to make inferences about the evolutionary history. Our phylogenetic trees highlight mtDNA sequences (ND2, CR), and one nuclear marker (CHD1Z), which partly correspond to earlier described clades: the northern Palearctic (clade N); eastern and central Asia (clade SE); south- western Asia west to the British Isles (clade SW); and Morocco (clade M). The divergence of all clades occurred during the Pleistocene. We also used ecological niche modelling for three genetic lineages (ex- cluding clade M); results showed congruence between niche and phylogenetic divergence in these clades.
  • Common Birds of the Estero Bay Area

    Common Birds of the Estero Bay Area

    Common Birds of the Estero Bay Area Jeremy Beaulieu Lisa Andreano Michael Walgren Introduction The following is a guide to the common birds of the Estero Bay Area. Brief descriptions are provided as well as active months and status listings. Photos are primarily courtesy of Greg Smith. Species are arranged by family according to the Sibley Guide to Birds (2000). Gaviidae Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata Occurrence: Common Active Months: November-April Federal Status: None State/Audubon Status: None Description: A small loon seldom seen far from salt water. In the non-breeding season they have a grey face and red throat. They have a long slender dark bill and white speckling on their dark back. Information: These birds are winter residents to the Central Coast. Wintering Red- throated Loons can gather in large numbers in Morro Bay if food is abundant. They are common on salt water of all depths but frequently forage in shallow bays and estuaries rather than far out at sea. Because their legs are located so far back, loons have difficulty walking on land and are rarely found far from water. Most loons must paddle furiously across the surface of the water before becoming airborne, but these small loons can practically spring directly into the air from land, a useful ability on its artic tundra breeding grounds. Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica Occurrence: Common Active Months: November-April Federal Status: None State/Audubon Status: None Description: The Pacific Loon has a shorter neck than the Red-throated Loon. The bill is very straight and the head is very smoothly rounded.
  • Final Restoration Plan for Common Loon and Other Birds Impacted by the Bouchard Barge 120 (B-120) Oil Spill, Buzzards Bay Massachusetts and Rhode Island

    Final Restoration Plan for Common Loon and Other Birds Impacted by the Bouchard Barge 120 (B-120) Oil Spill, Buzzards Bay Massachusetts and Rhode Island

    FINAL RESTORATION PLAN for COMMON LOON (Gavia immer) and OTHER BIRDS IMPACTED BY THE BOUCHARD BARGE 120 (B-120) OIL SPILL BUZZARDS BAY MASSACHUSETTS and RHODE ISLAND June 2020 Prepared by: United States Fish and Wildlife Service Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Lead Administrative Trustee) Executive Summary In April 2003, the Bouchard Barge‐120 (B‐120) oil spill (the Spill) affected more than 100 miles of Buzzards Bay and its shoreline and nearby coastal waters in both Massachusetts (MA) and Rhode Island (RI). Birds were exposed to and ingested oil as they foraged, nested, and/or migrated through the area. Species of birds estimated to have been killed in the greatest numbers included common loon (Gavia immer), common and roseate terns (Sterna hirundo and Sterna dougallii), and other birds such as common eider (Somateria mollissima), black scoter (Melanitta americana), and red‐throated loon (Gavia stellata). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) (acting through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]), the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (acting through the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs [EEA]), and the State of Rhode Island serve as the natural resource Trustees (Trustees) responsible under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) (33 U.S.C. § 2701, et seq.) for ensuring the natural resources injured from the Spill are restored. As a designated Trustee, each agency is authorized to act on behalf of the public under State1 and/or Federal law to assess and recover natural resource damages, and to plan and implement actions to restore, rehabilitate, replace, or acquire the equivalent of the natural resources or services injured or lost as a result of an unpermitted discharge of oil.
  • Beached Bird Guide for Northern Lake Michigan

    Beached Bird Guide for Northern Lake Michigan

    Beached Bird Guide for Northern Lake Michigan Prepared by Common Coast Research & Conservation In association with the Grand Traverse Bay Botulism Network © 2008 Common Coast Research & Conservation How to use this guide This guide was developed to aid with the field identification of the most common waterbird species implicated in botulism E die-offs on northern Lake Michigan. The guide is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of all species you may encounter in the field. For birds not treated in this guide please document with photographs and/or submit carcasses to the nearest Michigan Department of Natural Resources Field Office for identification and/or testing for botulism (see manual). The emphasis of this guide is on differences in bill structure among the various waterbird species. The bill plates are drawn to actual size - we recommend laminating the guide for use in the field. Placing the bills of unknown species directly on the plates will facilitate identification. Please keep in mind some variation among individuals is to be expected. Photographs of unknown species are helpful for later identification. Bird Topography tarsus crown bill (upper and lower mandibles) foot bill margin cheek throat wing coverts (lesser) secondaries webbed foot lobed foot primaries (loons, ducks, gulls) (grebes) Loons and Grebes Birds with dagger-like bills Description: Adult Common Loon bill large, dagger-like, mandible edges smooth feet webbed tarsus narrow, flat Plumage variation (adult vs. juvenile): Look at wing coverts: Adult – well-defined white "windows" (see photo) Juvenile - lacks defined white "windows" Similar species: Red-throated Loon – bill smaller (rarely found) Red-necked Grebe – feet lobed, bill smaller Description: Red-throated Loon bill dagger-like, slightly upturned, mandible edges smooth feet webbed tarsus narrow, flat Similar species: Common Loon - larger; bill heavier, not upturned Red-necked Grebe – feet lobed , bill yellowish NOTE: Rarely encountered.
  • Loons: Wildlife Notebook Series

    Loons: Wildlife Notebook Series

    Loons Loons are known as “spirits of the wilderness,” and it is fitting that Alaska has all five species of loons found in the world. Loons are an integral part of Alaska's wilderness—a living symbol of Alaska's clean water and high level of environmental quality. Loons, especially common loons, are most famous for their call. The cry of a loon piercing the summer twilight is one of the most thrilling sounds of nature. The sight or sound of one of these birds in Alaskan waters gives a special meaning to many, as if it were certifying the surrounding as a truly wild place. Description: Loons have stout bodies, long necks, pointed bills, three-toed webbed feet, and spend most of their time afloat. Loons are sometimes confused with cormorants, mergansers, grebes, and other diving water birds. Loons have solid bones, and compress the air out of their feathers to float low in the water. A loon's bill is held parallel to the water, but the cormorant holds its hooked bill at an angle. Mergansers have narrower bills and a crest. Grebes, also diving water birds, are relatively short-bodied. Loons can be distinguished from ducks in flight by their slower wing beat and low-slung necks and heads. The five species of loons found in Alaska are the common, yellow-billed, red-throated, pacific and arctic. Common loons (Gavia immer), have deep black or dark green heads and necks and dark backs with an intricate pattern of black and white stripes, spots, squares, and rectangles. The yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) is similar, but it has white spots on its back and a straw-yellow bill even in winter.
  • MORPHOLOGICAL and ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTION in OLD and NEW WORLD FLYCATCHERS a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the College O

    MORPHOLOGICAL and ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTION in OLD and NEW WORLD FLYCATCHERS a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the College O

    MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN OLD AND NEW WORLD FLYCATCHERS A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Clay E. Corbin August 2002 This dissertation entitled MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN OLD AND NEW WORLD FLYCATCHERS BY CLAY E. CORBIN has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Leslie A. Flemming Dean, College of Arts and Sciences CORBIN, C. E. Ph.D. August 2002. Biological Sciences. Morphological and Ecological Evolution in Old and New World Flycatchers (215pp.) Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In both the Old and New Worlds, independent clades of sit-and-wait insectivorous birds have evolved. These independent radiations provide an excellent opportunity to test for convergent relationships between morphology and ecology at different ecological and phylogenetic levels. First, I test whether there is a significant adaptive relationship between ecology and morphology in North American and Southern African flycatcher communities. Second, using morphological traits and observations on foraging behavior, I test whether ecomorphological relationships are dependent upon locality. Third, using multivariate discrimination and cluster analysis on a morphological data set of five flycatcher clades, I address whether there is broad scale ecomorphological convergence among flycatcher clades and if morphology predicts a course measure of habitat preference. Finally, I test whether there is a common morphological axis of diversification and whether relative age of origin corresponds to the morphological variation exhibited by elaenia and tody-tyrant lineages.
  • Were Sauropod Dinosaurs Responsible for the Warm Mesozoic Climate?

    Were Sauropod Dinosaurs Responsible for the Warm Mesozoic Climate?

    Journal of Palaeogeography 2012, 1(2): 138-148 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2012.00011 Biopalaeogeography and palaeoclimatology Were sauropod dinosaurs responsible for the warm Mesozoic climate? A. J. (Tom) van Loon* Geological Institute, Adam Mickiewicz University, Maków Polnych 16, 61-606, Poznan, Poland Abstract It was recently postulated that methane production by the giant Mesozoic sau- ropod dinosaurs was larger than the present-day release of this greenhouse gas by nature and man-induced activities jointly, thus contributing to the warm Mesozoic climate. This conclusion was reached by correct calculations, but these calculations were based on unrealistic as- sumptions: the researchers who postulated this dinosaur-induced warm climate did take into account neither the biomass production required for the sauropods’ food, nor the constraints for the habitats in which the dinosaurs lived, thus neglecting the palaeogeographic conditions. This underlines the importance of palaeogeography for a good understanding of the Earth’s geological history. Key words sauropod dinosaurs, greenhouse conditions, methane, palaeogeography 1 Introduction* etc. Some of these compounds are thought to have contrib‑ uted to the global temperature rise that took place in the For a long time, geologists have wondered why highly 20th century, but the causal relationship is still hotly de‑ significant fluctuations in the global temperature occurred bated (Rothman, 2002). One of the reasons is that climate in the geological past. It was found by Milankovich (1930, models show significant shortcomings (especially when 1936, 1938) that the alternation of Pleistocene glacials and applied back in time). Another reason is that data (e.g. the interglacials can largely be understood on the basis of as‑ relationship between CO2 concentrations in the ice in cores tronomical factors.
  • Bird List Lake Pepin IBA REGULAR

    Bird List Lake Pepin IBA REGULAR

    Important Bird Area - Bird List Lake Pepin IBA August 2010 Checklist of Minnesota Birds Compiled list from all Red: PIF Continental Importance available data sources (BOLD RED are Nesting Green: Stewardship Species Species as documented by Blue: BCR Important Species one of the sources) Purple: PIF Priority in one or more regions REGULAR Ducks, Geese, Swans Greater White-fronted Goose 1 Snow Goose 1 Ross's Goose Cackling Goose (tallgrass prairie) Canada Goose 1 Mute Swan Trumpeter Swan Tundra Swan 1 Wood Duck 1 Gadwall 1 American Wigeon 1 American Black Duck 1 Mallard 1 Blue-winged Teal 1 Cinnamon Teal Northern Shoveler 1 Northern Pintail 1 Green-winged Teal 1 Canvasback 1 Redhead 1 Ring-necked Duck 1 Greater Scaup 1 Lesser Scaup 1 Harlequin Duck Surf Scoter White-winged Scoter 1 Black Scoter Long-tailed Duck Bufflehead 1 Common Goldeneye 1 Page 1 of 12 Publication date January 2015 http://mn.audubon.org/ Important Bird Area - Bird List Lake Pepin IBA August 2010 Checklist of Minnesota Birds Compiled list from all Red: PIF Continental Importance available data sources (BOLD RED are Nesting Green: Stewardship Species Species as documented by Blue: BCR Important Species one of the sources) Purple: PIF Priority in one or more regions Hooded Merganser 1 Common Merganser 1 Red-breasted Merganser 1 Ruddy Duck 1 Partridge, Grouse, Turkey Gray Partridge 1 Ring-necked Pheasant 1 Ruffed Grouse 1 Spruce Grouse Sharp-tailed Grouse Greater Prairie-Chicken Wild Turkey 1 Loons Red-throated Loon Pacific Loon Common Loon 1 Grebes Pied-billed Grebe 1 Horned