Progress Report 2005

Brentwood Borough Council

Local Air Quality Management – Progress Report

April 2005

Report written by: Ken Nicholson (Nicholson Environmental) For Essex County Council Waste, Recycling and Environment Environmental Strategy County Hall Chelmsford Essex CM1 1QH

On behalf of: Richard Farr Brentwood Borough Council Council Offices Ingrave Road Brentwood Essex CM15 8AY

This report has been compiled as part of the Essex Air Quality Consortium Monitoring Network.

Brentwood Borough Council LAQM Progress Report 2005

Contents

1. Introduction...... 3 1.1 Background...... 3 1.2 Outcome of previous Review and Assessments...... 3 2. Monitoring data...... 4 2.1 Atmospheric concentration measurements...... 4 2.2 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)...... 5 3. Emission sources ...... 9 4. New developments and planning in Brentwood...... 10 5. Local Transport Plan...... 10 6. Summary and Conclusions...... 10

APPENDIX 1 Summary of Reporting Schedule...... 11 APPENDIX 2 Air Quality Management Areas...... 13

Tables

Table 2.1 Monitoring results from automatic site at Brentwood ...... 5 Table 2.2 Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring results...... 8

Figures

Figure 2.1 Location of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites in Brentwood ...... 6

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

This Progress Report is a requirement of the Environment Act 1995, Part IV, which places a duty on local authorities to review and assess air quality within their area periodically. The report is provided on an annual basis, following the Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) that was carried out in 2003, as part of the second round of Review and Assessment. The schedule for reporting is shown in Appendix 1.

The objective of the Progress Reports is to provide continuity in the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process, by identifying any potential changes in air quality that might occur between the scheduled Review and Assessments which are due to be undertaken on a three-yearly basis. They are intended also to help local authorities by providing a means for communicating air quality information, increasing the effectiveness of the monitoring effort being carried out and providing a cost effective solution to address future monitoring needs.

This Progress Report has been compiled with reference to the Progress Report Guidance (LAQM.PRG (03)) which was published by Defra in 2003. It presents information that has been collated since the production of the USA report, including air quality monitoring data, information about emission sources and any proposed developments, which have the potential to affect air quality in the Borough.

1.2 Outcome of previous Review and Assessments

Brentwood Borough Council undertook their First Round of review and assessment, including Stages 1, 2 and 3 reports, during the period 1998 and 2000, following the introduction of the National Air Quality Strategy and Air Quality Regulations. The First Round assessments (Stages 1, 2 and 3) concluded that road traffic emissions from vehicles on the M25, A12 and A127 were the main concerns related to local air quality. However, it was concluded that it was not necessary to declare any Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) for any pollutant in the Borough of Brentwood.

The USA reconsidered the seven health based air quality objectives and was completed in October 2003. The USA concluded that a detailed assessment would be required for road traffic emissions from the A12 and the following Junctions:

· M25/ A12; · A128/ A1023 Wilson’s Corner; and · High Street/ Kings Road.

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In addition, the USA concluded that the provisional annual PM10 objective for 2010 was predicted to be exceeded at all busy roads and junctions assessed, due to the high modelled background PM10 for 2010. Consequently, it was recommended that this would be likely to require further consideration in future air quality assessments. The USA recommended also that Brentwood Borough Council continued with the monitoring programme for NO2.

The Detailed Assessment was completed in April 2004 and considered the NO2 annual mean objective (40 mg/ m3) through dispersion modelling using the ADMS-Roads model. Verification of the model was undertaken using 2003 monitoring data, although due to prevailing meteorological conditions, this was a poor year for air quality and yielded higher monitoring results for NO2 than in previous years.

The results of the detailed modelling showed that there were likely to be exceedences of the NO2 annual mean objective identified at the nearest receptors to A12, and the A12/ M25 and A128/ A1023 Wilson’s Corner Junctions. A marginal exceedence of the objective (40.5 ìg/ m3) was predicted also for 2005 at the nearest receptor to the High Street/ Kings Road Junction.

As a consequence of the Detailed Assessment, it was recommended that Brentwood Borough Council considered declaring Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) on the basis of the potential exceedences that were identified. Brentwood Borough Council has since designated 7 AQMAs. These AQMAs are shown in Appendix 2.

2. Monitoring data

2.1 Atmospheric concentration measurements

Brentwood Borough Council measures air quality in the Borough using an automatic air quality monitoring station situated at the Council Offices in Brentwood. Continuous NO2 concentrations are measured using a chemiluminescent analyser. The stations are calibrated in-house on a fortnightly basis according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the data are regularly downloaded and ratified. The manufacturer of the equipment, services the station on a six monthly routine basis.

As well as the automatic monitoring stations, diffusion tubes are used to measure NO2 in the Brentwood Borough. Up until March 2004, NO2 diffusion tubes were exposed at 53 locations. However since then, the number of sites has been reduced to 39.

The diffusion tubes used by Brentwood Borough Council are supplied and analysed by Harwell Scientific Services. A preparation method using 50% TEA (triethanolamine) in water is adopted. The correction factor for 2004 (to allow for bias) has been calculated as the mean of four parallel measurements

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(including diffusion tubes and automatic analysers). The results of these measurements are given on the University of the West of England website: (http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/diffusiontube280205.xls). The mean correction factor for 2004 is 0.89 and the reported values (for 2004) have been corrected using this factor.

The locations of the measurement sites are shown in Figure 2.1. The results from the automatic monitoring station are summarised in Table 2.1 and the results of the diffusion tube analysis are given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.1 Monitoring results from automatic site at Brentwood Pollutant Statistic Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Nitrogen dioxide Annual mean concentration 30.4 34.9 - 35.0 31.4 30.6 3 (NO2) (mg/ m ) Max 1 hour mean concentration (mg/ m3) 123.6 Exceedences of hourly objective 0 (200 mg/ m3) Data capture (%) 94.3

Notes: the 2005 annual mean value for NO2 is predicted from 2004 measurements and assuming a decrease in exhaust emissions detailed by Defra in LAQM.TG (03).

2.2 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

The annual mean NO2 concentration measured at the automatic station in 2004 (see Table 2.1) was 31.4 µg/ m3. This is well below the objective limit for the annual mean (40 µg/ m3) and is consistent with measurements made in previous years. There is no significant trend in the annual mean concentration since measurements commenced in 2000. There were no exceedences of the hourly mean objective (200 µg/ m3) measured in 2004.

The diffusion tube monitoring results show that there are current exceedences of the NO2 annual mean objective for 2005 at a number of sites in Brentwood (see Table 2.2). However, the potential exceedences at these sites have been addressed by the designation of the Air Quality Management Areas in Brentwood. Future measurements should be scrutinised from this site.

Predicted annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in 2005 are marginally less than those measured in 2004.

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Figure 2.1 Location of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites in Brentwood Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ©Crown Copyright. Licence number LA100019602

No. x y Location

BRW 1 559861 193617 Council Offices control next to existing Nox monitor. BRW 2 556890 192435 73 Brook Street on rear downpipe Telegraph pole at end of Brook Street facing Brook Street BRW 3 556887 192412 roundabout BRW 4 556958 192285 The Poplars, Brook Street, rear downpipe facing M25 BRW 5 557014 192493 Freeway Cottage, Brook Street (63) on A1023 BRW 6 557118 191978 13 Nags Head Lane - on fence trellis BRW 7 557045 191874 21 Nags Head Lane - on fence post BRW 8 555067 194138 Rear fence of Angel Cottage - Wrightsbridge Road BRW 9 553635 195529 Lee Farm, Horsemanside - concrete fence post BRW 10 559442 188795 Nettlestone, Warley Street - downpipe adjacent A127 Codham Hall Farm, Codham Hall Lane - downpipe on front BRW 11 558876 188858 elevation BRW 12 559617 188463 Post on front garden, Great Warley Hall BRW 13 560301 188785 Homefield Nursery - A127

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BRW 14 562405 189146 Lamp-post on Thorndon Avenue/A127 BRW 15 563897 189374 Meadow House, Arterial Road, A127 - post in garden BRW 16 559691 193912 3 High Street - front façade BRW 17 559643 193889 Café Uno, High Street - front façade BRW 18 559643 193802 18A High Street - rear flat railings BRW 19 559739 193860 Downpipe of 9 Ingrave Road, A128 BRW 20 559699 193948 Lamp-post outside 5/7 Ongar road on A128 BRW 21 559604 194035 Hanging basket bracket, front façade, 36 Ongar Road - A128 BRW 22 559187 193658 Lamp-post, corner of Kings Road/Hart Street/High Street BRW 23 559195 193681 131D High Street - front façade BRW 24 559148 193660 Front façade of 145 High Street BRW 25 559085 193601 4 Westbury Road - downpipe on corner of house BRW 26 557478 192980 Downpipe rear of Hamlet Court, Leonard Way BRW 27 557379 192900 24 Wingrave Crescent - rear boundary fence BRW 28 557632 193151 Side garden - 51 Spital Lane BRW 29 557826 193333 Tree stump, rear garden 46 Selwood Road BRW 30 557826 193333 Tree stump, rear garden 46 Selwood Road BRW 31 558769 194873 61 Warescot Road - front downpipe BRW 32 558818 194913 Lamp-post outside 76 Warescot Road BRW 33 558681 194799 Side gate post, 316 Ongar Road BRW 34 558683 194894 339 Ongar Road - front downpipe BRW 35 558742 194928 12 Hurstwood Avenue - front downpipe BRW 36 558624 194695 Lamp-post, end of Highwood Close BRW 37 558455 194421 Lamp-post outside 9 Porters Close BRW 38 558418 195103 381 Ongar Road - front downpipe BRW 39 559221 195223 Lamp-post, overflow car park, Brentwood Centre BRW 40 562278 196649 Telegraph pole outside 289 Chelmsford Road BRW 41 562614 196906 Oakwood Cottage, Lower Road - front downpipe BRW 42 563250 197555 36 Church Road, side garden fence post BRW 43 Pergola, playground of Ingatestone & Fryerning Jnr School, 564446 199509 The Furlongs BRW 44 564617 199849 Lamp-post outside No. 1 Trimble Close, Ingatestone BRW 45 565186 200071 Telegraph pole at end of New Road, Ingatestone BRW 46 562511 201471 Electric pole end of Beggar Hill BRW 47 560298 201603 Church at Blackmore BRW 48 558409 202001 Woolmongers Lane - country path BRW 49 559139 195012 108 Doddinghurst Road - downpipe BRW 50 557719 193226 La Charente, Talbrook - car port 564654 199898 8 Trimble Close, Ingatestone

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Table 2.2 Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring results Site code Address Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration (mg/ m3) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 BRW 1A Council Offices (co-located site) 30.9 33.7 27.8 34.8 32.5 31.7 BRW 1B 29.4 28.6 BRW 1C 29.1 28.4 BRW 2 73 Brook Street 46.0 51.0 56.1 46.8 45.6 BRW 3 Brook Street 50.5 54.4 53.4 47.5 46.3 BRW 4 The Poplars, Brook Street 40.3 39.0 48.2 43.9 42.8 BRW 5 Freeway Cottage, Brook Street 52.6 59.8 50.7 59.0 57.4 55.9 BRW 6 13 Nags Head Lane 38.2 42.0 34.8 44.3 37.0 36.1 BRW 7 21 Nags Head Lane 28.8 35.8 31.2 42.0 BRW 8 Angel Cottage, Wrightsbridge Rd. 29.5 30.4 27.1 33.5 BRW 9 Lee Farm, Horsemanside 32.9 35.4 31.9 39.4 BRW 10 Nettlestone, Warley Street 29.3 32.8 28.3 36.0 BRW 11 Codham Hall Farm 30.4 34.1 - 33.9 BRW 12 Great Warley Hall 30.4 - 28.4 35.9 BRW 13 Homefield Nursery - A127 31.6 36.4 30.7 42.1 BRW 14 Thorndon Avenue/ A127 38.0 47.6 37.5 46.6 BRW 15 Meadow House, Arterial Road 29.8 36.6 37.8 BRW 16 3 High Street 47.7 57.1 48.0 53.8 43.1 42.0 BRW 17 Café Uno, High Street 40.9 47.8 38.9 65.3 53.0 51.7 BRW 18 18A High Street 34.1 - 31.7 41.1 36.3 35.4 BRW 19 9 Ingrave Road, A128 42.5 49.2 42.7 53.8 49.7 48.4 BRW 20 5/7 Ongar road on A128 47.5 54.7 43.7 55.9 56.9 55.4 BRW 21 36 Ongar Road - A128 46.3 51.0 43.0 53.0 45.6 44.4 BRW 22 Kings Road/Hart Street/High Street 44.0 47.9 42.3 55.0 43.2 42.1 BRW 23 131D High Street 31.4 35.9 39.0 31.7 31.0 BRW 24 145 High Street 47.6 48.4 55.5 54.1 BRW 25 4 Westbury Road 34.7 38.9 32.4 40.1 40.3 39.3 BRW 26 Hamlet Court, Leonard Way 35.8 BRW 27 24 Wingrave Crescent 35.1 38.3 33.8 41.6 35.9 35.0 BRW 28 51 Spital Lane 30.8 33.1 31.7 39.6 35.5 34.6 BRW 29 46 Selwood Road 31.1 33.9 29.7 35.1 31.2 30.4 BRW 30 46 Selwood Road 31.2 33.2 29.9 37.2 43.0 41.9 BRW 31 61 Warescot Road 38.9 40.9 37.9 49.9 41.5 40.5 BRW 32 76 Warescot Road 40.4 47.1 - 55.5 45.8 44.7 BRW 33 316 Ongar Road 39.5 37.1 34.8 40.9 36.4 35.5 BRW 34 339 Ongar Road 37.4 40.4 36.3 43.9 40.5 39.5 BRW 35 12 Hurstwood Avenue 42.3 47.0 43.2 55.8 45.9 44.7 BRW 36 Highwood Close 35.7 38.8 34.9 44.1 35.5 34.6 BRW 37 9 Porters Close 35.5 40.1 36.8 44.8 35.1 34.2 BRW 38 381 Ongar Road 31.5 32.4 27.5 33.8 BRW 39 Brentwood Centre 38.7 42.9 38.6 52.2 BRW 40 289 Chelmsford Road 36.2 40.2 35.8 42.3 41.1 40.1 BRW 41 Oakwood Cottage, Lower Road 30.5 33.8 27.4 35.0 33.5 32.7 BRW 42 36 Church Road 34.0 35.1 30.9 41.5 30.5 29.7 BRW 43 Ingatestone & Fryerning School 36.5 40.7 35.9 39.6 36.6 35.7 BRW 44 No. 1 Trimble Close, Ingatestone 37.3 40.6 36.5 42.6 38.5 37.6 BRW 45 New Road, Ingatestone 34.7 39.5 37.0 46.0 38.2 37.2 BRW 46 Beggar Hill 19.7 23.4 18.1 23.6 37.2 36.3 BRW 47 Church at Blackmore 19.1 20.7 16.4 BRW 48 Woolmongers Lane 23.8 26.1 20.0 BRW 49 108 Doddinghurst Road 40.3 41.4 36.5 43.4 40.6 39.5 BRW 50 La Charente, Talbrook 36.6 41.0 37.0 43.6 40.4 39.4 BRW 51 8 Trimble Close, Ingatestone - - 41.8 50.1 42.4 41.4 BRW 52 Vicinity of A12 76.0 74.1 BRW 53 Lincolns Lane 22.6 22.0 BRW 54 High Street, Brentwood 46.8 45.6 BRW 55 Thorndon Avenue 43.0 41.9 BRW 56 77 Roman Road 33.5 32.6 Notes: the 2005 annual mean value for is predicted from 2004 measurements and assuming a decrease in exhaust emissions detailed by Defra in LAQM.TG (03).

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3. Emission sources

When the Updating and Screening Assessment was carried out in 2003, there were no Part A industrial sources within the boundaries of Brentwood Borough Council. In addition, there were no Part A processes in the neighbouring authorities within 5 km of the boundary of Brentwood Borough Council. However, there were five large combustion sources within a distance of 15 km from the boundaries. These processes are listed in Table 3.1. The USA identified also 10 Part B industrial sources and 12 petrol stations. These industrial sources are listed in Table 3.2. Since the USA was completed, Grange Motors has ceased to operate (for vehicle respraying) but there has been a new authorisation for the Romford and Essex Accident Repair Centre (for vehicle re-spraying).

Table 3.1 Part A Industrial Emission Sources in adjoining regions Operator Local authority EPA ID Process

Transco Plc Chelmsford AF7452 combustion Enfield Energy Centre Enfield AK9208 combustion BP (Oil) UK Ltd Thurrock AA3387 combustion Innolgy Plc (Tilbury power station) Thurrock AA3204 combustion Coryton Energy Co Ltd Thurrock AY3962 combustion

Table 3.2 Part B Industrial Emission Sources in Brentwood ID Process Name Process Type PG Note Comments

1 RMC Ready Mix East Anglia Concrete batching 3/ 1 2 Thorndon Sawmills Timber process 6/ 2 3 Grange Motors Vehicle respraying 6/ 34 Ceased 4 Mountnessing Coachworks Vehicle respraying 6/ 34 5 Argos Services Ltd Coating process 6/ 31 6 Hanson Premix Concrete batching 3/ 1 7 D & G Cars Ltd Vehicle respraying 6/ 34 8 Cheale Meats Ltd Combustion process 1/ 12 9 Hi-ho Workshops Waste Oil Burner 1/ 1 10 Loft Hall Farm Waste Oil Burner 1/ 1 11 Brook Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 12 Save Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 13 Brentwood Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 14 Total Convenience Store Petrol handling 1/ 14 15 BP Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 16 Warley Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 17 Ingrave Service Station Petrol handling 1/ 14 18 Hutton Mount Petrol handling 1/ 14 19 Fina Arterial Petrol handling 1/ 14 20 Fina South Weald Petrol handling 1/ 14 21 Roush Technologies Int. Petrol handling 1/ 14 22 Whitehouse Petrol handling 1/ 14 23 Romford/ Essex Accident Vehicle respraying 6/ 34 New process

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4. New developments and planning in Brentwood

There are currently no planned new developments that are likely to have a detrimental impact on air quality in Brentwood.

There are currently no planning applications for new developments for which an air quality assessment is required. However, plans are expected from the Highways Agency to widen the M25 and this will be subject to an independent Environmental Assessment.

5. Local Transport Plan

Brentwood is covered by the Essex County Council Local Transport Plan (LTP). There are a number of general measures in the Essex LTP that are aimed at reducing the impact of road transport on air quality.

The Council is working in partnership with the Highways and Transportation department of Essex County Council to ensure that new traffic management schemes consider the potential impact on air quality.

6. Summary and Conclusions

The Progress Report shows that there are a number of potential exceedances of objective levels for NO2 in Brentwood. However, the Borough Council is addressing the problems and has designated several Air Quality Management Areas.

The Borough Council is working in partnership with key stakeholders to ensure that the air quality in Brentwood is below objective limits and continues to improve.

Based on the findings of this Progress Report, there is an obvious need for the Borough Council to address air pollution problems in Brentwood and this is being undertaken currently. The next air quality report to be prepared and submitted to Defra will be the 2006 Progress Report.