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Draft Agenda 19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.5-06 (P) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March 2012 Dist. 23 February 2012 Agenda Item 5.1 Implementation of the Triennium Work Plan (2010-2012) – Other Issues Review of New Information on Population Size, Distribution, Structure and Causes of Any Changes Document 5-06 ICES 2010: Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology Action Requested Take note Submitted by United Kingdom NOTE: IN THE INTERESTS OF ECONOMY, DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REMINDED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING ICES WGMME REPORT 2010 ICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE ICES CM 2010/ACOM:24 Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 12–15 April 2010 Horta, The Azores International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK‐1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2010. Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME), 12–15 April 2010, Horta, The Azores. ICES CM 2010/ACOM:24. 212 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen‐ eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2010 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGMME REPORT 2010 | i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 5 1 Opening of the meeting ................................................................................................ 7 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 8 3 Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 9 4 ToR a. Review the effects of wind farm construction and operation on marine mammals and provide advice on monitoring and mitigation schemes .......................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Effects of wind farm construction and operation on marine mammals .............................................................................................................. 11 4.2.1 Construction ........................................................................................... 16 4.2.2 Operation ................................................................................................ 18 4.3 Overview of each country’s guidelines on monitoring and mitigation ............................................................................................................. 19 4.3.1 International recommendations, guidelines, regulations ................. 19 4.3.2 National guidelines on monitoring and mitigation .......................... 22 4.4 Present information on the distribution and scale of wind farm developments in ICES waters ........................................................................... 24 4.5 Provide advice and recommendations on monitoring and mitigation schemes ............................................................................................. 28 4.5.1 Baseline monitoring ............................................................................... 28 4.5.2 Impact monitoring ................................................................................. 30 4.5.3 Mitigation ................................................................................................ 32 4.5.4 Alternatives to pile driving .................................................................. 34 4.6 References ............................................................................................................ 35 5 ToR b. Review the current contaminant loads reported in marine mammals in the ICES area, the cause–effect relationships between contaminants and health status, and the population‐level effects of environmental impacts ............................................................................................... 38 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 38 5.1.1 Persistent organic pollutants ................................................................ 38 5.1.2 Heavy metals .......................................................................................... 39 5.1.3 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ................................................................. 39 5.1.4 Butyl tins (Tributyl tin (TBT), Dibutyl tin (DBT) and Monobutyl tin (MBT)) ........................................................................... 40 5.1.5 Perfluorinated organochemicals .......................................................... 40 5.1.6 Radionuclides ......................................................................................... 40 5.1.7 Sources of data ....................................................................................... 40 5.2 Assessing contaminant exposure within the ICES area ................................ 41 5.2.1 Arctic and adjacent waters ................................................................... 41 ii | ICES WGMME REPORT 2010 5.2.2 Baltic Sea ................................................................................................. 44 5.2.3 North‐east Atlantic ................................................................................ 45 5.2.4 North‐west Atlantic ............................................................................... 50 5.3 Effects of contaminant exposure ....................................................................... 52 5.3.1 Persistent organic pollutants ................................................................ 53 5.3.2 Heavy metals .......................................................................................... 58 5.3.3 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ................................................................. 59 5.3.4 Butyl tins (Tributyl tin (TBT), Dibutyl tin (DBT) and Monobutyl tin (MBT)) ........................................................................... 60 5.4 Impacts of contaminants at the population level (all species/regions) ................................................................................................... 60 5.4.1 ICES regions with high environmental pollutant exposure ............ 60 5.4.2 ICES species with high pollutant exposure ........................................ 61 5.5 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 62 5.6 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 62 5.7 References ............................................................................................................ 64 6 ToR c. Further development of the framework for surveillance and monitoring of marine mammals applicable to the ICES area ............................. 77 6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 77 6.2 Legislative drivers and obligations for monitoring in the ICES area .......... 79 6.3 Current monitoring ............................................................................................ 79 6.4 Surveillance and monitoring needs and best practice ................................... 85 6.4.1 Criteria for favourable status and adaptive monitoring .................. 85 6.4.2 Power analysis ........................................................................................ 86 6.4.3 Integration of monitoring from other sectors – common protocols and databases ........................................................................ 90 6.4.4 General aims of monitoring .................................................................. 90 6.4.5 Critique of different monitoring categories ....................................... 90 6.4.6 Framework for monitoring within the ICES Area ............................. 92 6.5 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 93 6.6 References ............................................................................................................ 95 7 ToR d. Review and report on any new information on population sizes, population/stock structure and management frameworks for marine mammals .......................................................................................................... 96 7.1 European Commission request on EC Regulation 812/2004 ......................... 96 7.1.1 North‐east Atlantic ................................................................................ 96 7.1.2 References ............................................................................................. 119 7.1.3 Mediterranean Sea ............................................................................... 122 7.1.4 References ............................................................................................. 127 7.2 Harbour porpoise management units in the North‐east Atlantic .............. 131 7.2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................
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