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Bref Historique De La Première République Noire 1804 1806 1Er Janvier 8 Octobre 17 Octobre    Désir D'haïti 2007 

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Bref Historique De La Première République Noire 1804 1806 1Er Janvier 8 Octobre 17 Octobre    Désir D'haïti 2007  H a ï t i Bref historique de la première République noire 1804 1806 1er janvier 8 octobre 17 octobre Désir d'Haïti 2007 Découverte par Christophe COLOMB le Jean-Jacques 6 décembre 1492. Le tiers occidental de DESSALINES est l'île devient possession française en 1697. proclamé Son économie est basée sur l'esclavage Empereur. de populations en provenance du continent africain. Des marchands de Philadelphia lui ont La révolte des esclaves d'Haïti débute apporté la le14 août 1791 par la cérémonie couronne. L'habit de vaudouesque de Bois Caïman. la cérémonie a été amené de la Jamaïque sur une DESSALINES est frégate anglaise. Le assassiné. Il a alors nouvel empereur 48 ans. fait son entrée Jean-Jacques DESSALINES triomphale dans Henri CHRISTOPHE une voiture attelée s'empare du Nord de Le Général Jean-Jacques de six chevaux, l'île tandis qu'Alexandre DESSALINES qui a mené la cadeau de l'agent SABES dit Pétion guerre du côté haïtien est anglais Dyden. prend possession du nommé Gouverneur Général à Sud. vie. A l'occasion de son couronnement, il Cérémonie vaudouesque de Bois-Caïman ordonne le massacre de la Au terme de 13 ans de guerre et avec la population blanche défaite de l'armée napoléonienne à de la ville. Vertière, Haïti accède à l'indépendance. Désir d'Haïti 2007 1811 1816 1818 1820 2 juin 2 juin 30 mars 8 octobre Elu Président de la Henri CHRISTOPHE A la mort de Pétion, république en 1807 transforme la république Jean-Pierre BOYER après la déclaration fondée en 1807 en royauté. est élu Président à d'Henri CHRISTOPHE Il est couronné, sous le nom vie. d'Henri 1er, roi à Cap-Henri comme « hors la loi ». (actuel Cap-Haïtien). Pétion dote l'île d'une Il fait édifier à Milet proche Constitution. de Cap-Henri un palais royal (le palais de sans- Il est élu Président à vie. souci) et une citadelle. Henri CHRISTOPHE Jean-Pierre BOYER Henri CHRISTOPHE se suicide à la suite d'un soulèvement populaire. Haïti est réunifié sous la La Citadelle et le palais de sans-souci Présidence de Jean- Anne Alexandre SABES Pierre BOYER. dit Pétion Désir d'Haïti 2007 1821 1825 1843 1847 1849 30 novembre 11 juillet 13 février 1er mars 20 septembre Sous la pression de 14 navires et de 500 canons La partie BOYER signe avec l'émissaire de Charles X un accord A l'âge de 65 ans, orientale de l'île par lequel la France reconnaît l'indépendance de l'île le général Faustin alors colonie contre 150 millions de francs, soit l'équivalent de son SOULOUQUE est espagnole budget annuel. Destinée à l'indemnisation des colons la élu à la proclame son somme sera ramenée à 90 millions en 1838. La dette La rébellion des Présidence. indépendance ne sera éteinte qu'en 1893. « Piquets » sous le nom CHARLES, par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre, à (paysans noirs du d'Haïti espagnol. tous présents et à venir, salut. sud de l'île) Vu les articles 14 et 73 de la Charte; conduit à l'exil Sacre de Faustin En 1822, Voulant pourvoir à ce que réclame l'intérêt du commerce JP.Boyer. français, les malheurs des anciens colons de Saint-Domingue, SOULOUQUE BOYER réunifie comme Empereur et l'état précaire des habitants actuels de cette île; La bourgeoisie par la force la Nous avons ordonné et ordonnons ce qui suit : Général Faustin sous le nom de mulâtre passe un totalité de l'île. Art. 1er. Les ports de la partie française de Saint-Domingue SOULOUQUE Faustin 1er. Ce n'est qu'en seront ouverts au commerce de toutes les nations. Les droits accord avec les chefs de la 1844, que perçus dans ces ports, soit sur les navires, soit sur les Il met en place une profitant de marchandises, tant à l'entrée qu'à la sortie, seront égaux et rébellion. uniformes pour tous les pavillons, excepté le pavillon français, politique de l'instabilité répression envers en faveur duquel ces droits seront réduits de moitié. Plusieurs politique à l'est, Art. 2. Les habitants actuels de la partie française de Saint- les mulâtres. la partie orientale Domingue verseront à la caisse fédérale des dépôts et présidents noirs de l'île accède consignations de France, en cinq termes égaux, d'année en se succèdent à la définitivement à année, le premier échéant au 31 décembre 1825, la somme de tête de l'Etat l'indépendance cent cinquante millions de francs, destinée à dédommager les laissant l'exercice sous le nom de anciens colons qui réclameront une indemnité. réel du pouvoir Art. 3. Nous concédons, à ces conditions, par la présente aux mulâtres. Santo Domingo ordonnance, aux habitants actuels de la partie française de (Saint Saint-Domingue, l'indépendance pleine et entière de leur Domingue). gouvernement. Et sera la présente ordonnance scellée du grand sceau. Donné à Paris, au château des Tuileries, le 17 Avril de l'an de grâce 1825, et de notre règne le premier. Faustin SOULOUQUE et son épouse Désir d'Haïti 2007 1859 1862 1915 1918 13 janvier 5 juin 28 juillet Prenant prétexte des émeutes qui débutent En pleine guerre de Sous la pression des Etats-Unis, sécession, les Etats- le 27 julllet à Port-au-Prince à la suite de l'exécution de 167 prisonniers politiques le gouvernement haïtien adopte Unis d'Amérique une nouvelle Constitution qui présidés par ordonnée par le président Vibrun Guillaume Sam, les Etats-Unis envahissent l'île sous le abolit l'interdiction faites aux Abraham Lincoln étrangers de posséder des terres. reconnaissent couvert du rétablissement de la sécurité. l'indépendance La Gourde (monnaie haïtienne) d'Haïti. Ils établissent un protectorat de fait sur l'île et installe Philippe Sudre DARTIGUENAVE à la est rattachée au dollar sur la base de 1 dollar pour 5 gourdes. Geffrard puis ses présidence. Fabre GEFFRARD successeurs La répression de l'insurrection de continuent une En 1916 le Sénat américain rétablit les corvées dans l'île des émeutes qui seront 40 000 « Cacos » fait plusieurs Le Général de politique favorable milliers de victimes. Division Fabre aux propriétaires réprimées. GEFFRARD terriens et la Les entreprises américaines renverse Faustin bourgeoisie s'enrichit mettent la main sur les plantations 1er. grâce au commerce locales. Elles améliorent les du café et à un infrastructures existantes (routes, Il sort Haïti de régime de travail dispensaires, ..) et en créent de l'isolement forcé proche de nouvelles. diplomatique où l'esclavage. l'avait conduit la Les conditions de vies des politique de son Les paysans en arme Haîtens sont telles qu'ils sont prédécesseur du nord de l'île, les nombreux à émigrer vers Cuba et notamment avec la « Cacos » Saint-Domingue signature d'un entretiennent 500 000 d'entre-eux auront concordat avec l'instabilité politique. émigré à Cuba en 1924. Rome en 1860. Prise de fort-Rivière (USMC art collection) Désir d'Haïti 2007 1929 1934 1941 1946 décembre 21 août 8 décembre 16 août Déclaration de guerre à l'Allemagne et Après les accords entre les au Japon par Elie LESCOT qui La loi martiale est Estimé DUMARSAIS Présidents Vincent STENIO et préside Haïti depuis le 15 avril. A cette rétablie. Les Etats- est élu à la présidence Franklin Delano ROOSEVELT du 5 occasion l'état de siège est proclamé. Unis renforcent le juillet, les Marines se retirent sans à la suite d'un contingent de avoir résolu aucun des problèmes soulèvement populaire Marines déjà présent structurels d'Haïti. contre l'ordre social dans l'île. imposé par les Etats- Le Colonel Démosthène P. CALIXTE Unis, et le Les troupes devient le premier Commandant de renversement d'Elie américaines la Garde d'Haïti, précurseur à LESCOT par une junte répriment dans le l'Armée d'Haïti et aux Forces Armées militaire. sang les d'Haïti. insurrections en Il appelle les particulier à Les Etats-Unis continuent de gérer organisations Machaterre. l'île en sous-main. Un conseiller internationales pour financier reste à Port-au-Prince. financer le projet haïtien. La junte militaire le Elie LESCOT renversera le 10 mai Expropriation de paysans, destruction 1950 face à son échec des habitations et des arbres pour à maîtriser l'aspiration attribuer à la Société Haïtiano- démocratique qui a Américaine de Développement conduit à la création de Agricole 60 700 hectares afin de plusieurs partis Les marines sont envoyés à Haïti pour apaiser la grève produire du caoutchouc à des fins politiques et syndicats. stratégiques. La société abandonnera le projet avant de faire faillite. Désir d'Haïti 2007 1950 1957 1961 1971 10 décembre 22 octobre 30 avril 22 avril Suite à la dissolution du Après la démission d'Eugène Parlement le 7 avril, tous MAGLOIRE en 1956. François les bulletins de vote pour DUVALIER, dit Papa Doc, est élu son renouvellement Président après une mascarade comporte le nom de d'élection. DUVALIER. Son projet vise à défendre les paysans Le 4 mai, François haïtiens face aux oppresseurs qui sont DUVALIER se déclare identifiés comme : ré-élu alors qu'aucune élection présidentielle Les mulâtres accusés de la fuite des n'était prévue. Eugène MAGLOIRE capitaux. Ils émigreront vers les Etats- Le Colonel Eugène Unis et la France ; Le 14 juin 1964 après MAGLOIRE après avoir Les militaires accusés d'être vendus avoir modifié la démissionné de son poste aux Américains ; constitution, François dans la junte militaire est élu Le clergé exclusivement français à DUVALIER devient à la Présidence. cette époque. Président à vie. François et Jean-Claude DUVALIER Il coopère avec les Etats- Unis qui envoient des Il décide d'adopter le Le lendemain de la mort de experts dans l'île.
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