DOCSLIB.ORG

I from Haiti to Cuba and Back: Haitians' Experiences of Migration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I from Haiti to Cuba and Back: Haitians' Experiences of Migration From Haiti to Cuba and Back: Haitians’ Experiences of Migration, Labor, and Return, 1900-1940 by Matthew Casey Bachelor of Arts, University of Texas, 2003 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 i UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS & SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Matthew Casey It was defended on April 4, 2012 and approved by George Reid Andrews, Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of History Lara Putnam, Associate Professor, Department of History Jerome Branche, Associate Professor of Latin American and Cultural Studies, Hispanic Languages and Literatures Dissertation Advisor: Alejandro de la Fuente, UCIS Research Professor, Department of History ii Copyright © by Matthew Casey 2012 iii FROM HAITI TO CUBA AND BACK: HAITIANS’ EXPERIENCES OF MIGRATION, LABOR, AND RETURN, 1900-1940 Matthew Casey, M.A., PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2012 This dissertation is a social history of the approximately 200,000 individuals who migrated seasonally between their homes in rural Haiti and the eastern regions of Cuba during the height of the United States’ military and economic presence in both countries. Existing scholarship explains Haitians’ movements in terms of the United States’ military presence in Haiti (1915- 1934), the country’s rural poverty, and the massive growth of U.S.- and Cuban-owned sugar plantations in Cuba. However, the migrants themselves have not been studied. Instead, previous scholarship puts forth an image of Haitian migrants that is heavily influenced by false, long- standing assumptions about Haiti and the anti-immigrant stereotypes of the early 20th-century Cuban press. They are portrayed as a homogenous group of unskilled laborers who remained at the bottom of labor hierarchies, were isolated from other groups in Cuban society and were dominated by Cuban sugar companies and state officials in both countries. Due to their high rates of illiteracy, the life stories of the migrants are difficult to reconstruct using traditional sources such as letters or diaries. Drawing on research conducted in multiple archives and libraries in Cuba, Haiti, and the United States, my dissertation details migrants’ experiences in both Haiti and Cuba. It joins a rapidly growing body of scholarship on labor, migration, and trans-nationalism in Latin America and the Caribbean that seeks a fuller understanding of workers’ lives by emphasizing economic activities and coping strategies that iv occurred outside of formal wage activities and union mobilization. I show the ways that Haitian men and women navigated the harsh working and living conditions in both Haiti and Cuba by creating and maintaining kinship, commercial, religious, and social networks in sugar plantations, coffee farms, and urban spaces. These links cut across national lines and decisively shaped the conditions under which they moved, labored, and lived in both countries. Reconstructing Haitians’ interactions with other workers outside the gazes of company and state illustrates how those institutions functioned on the ground, questions the extent to which national-level racial ideologies determined local social relationships, and demonstrates how workers’ actions shaped the implementation of migration and trade policies. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... XI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 RACE, LABOR, MIGRATION AND THE NATION-STATE IN THE CARIBBEAN ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 DEPICTIONS OF HAITIAN MIGRANTS: PAST AND PRESENT ............. 9 1.3 NEW DIRECTIONS IN STUDIES OF MIGRATION, LABOR, AND RACE …………………………………………………………………………………..16 1.4 OUTLINE OF THE CURRENT STUDY ........................................................ 20 1.5 A NOTE ON SOURCES ................................................................................... 26 1.6 A NOTE ON NAMES ........................................................................................ 31 2.0 HAITI, CUBA, AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD BEFORE LEGAL MIGRATION, 1804-1912 ........................................................................................................... 33 2.1 THE FLOW OF PEOPLE, GOODS, AND IDEAS BETWEEN HAITI AND CUBA, 1804 TO 1913 ......................................................................................................... 42 2.2 FROM RESTRICTION TO LEGALIZATION, 1902-1912 .......................... 50 2.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 69 3.0 LEAVING HAITI FOR CUBA: RURAL CONDITIONS, RECRUITMENT, REGULATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 71 vi 3.1 THE REGIONAL PATTERNS AND CAUSES OF HAITIAN EMIGRATION TO CUBA ................................................................................................ 78 3.2 HAITIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND THE ALTERNATIVES TO MIGRATION TO CUBA ................................................................................................... 98 3.3 THE MECHANICS OF MIGRATION: FROM PRIVATE NETWORKS TO STATE REGULATIONS .......................................................................................... 104 3.4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 117 4.0 HAITIAN LABORERS ON CUBAN SUGAR PLANTATIONS ........................ 119 4.1 HAITIAN LABORERS ON CUBAN SUGAR PLANTATIONS ................ 127 4.2 LEISURE TIME AND INFORMAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ............. 142 4.3 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 153 5.0 HAITIAN LABORERS AND COFFEE IN CUBA .............................................. 154 5.1 HAITIAN LABORERS AND COFFEE PRODUCTION ............................ 160 5.2 REGULATING THE BORDER ON COFFEE GROUNDS ....................... 170 5.3 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 181 6.0 RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES AND REPRESSION .......................................... 182 6.1 AFRICAN RELIGIONS IN THE AMERICAS ............................................ 184 6.2 HAITIANS, CUBANS, AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN EASTERN CUBA …………………………………………………………………………………195 6.3 LOCAL DYNAMICS OF RELIGIOUS REPRESSION IN EASTERN CUBA …………………………………………………………………………………204 6.4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 215 7.0 LITERATE HAITIANS IN CUBAN CITIES ....................................................... 217 vii 7.1 RACISM AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN CUBA: DEBATES IN THE HAITIAN PRESS ............................................................................................................. 221 7.2 OF CONSULS AND COURTIERS: HAITIANS’ URBAN-RURAL NETWORKS IN CUBA ................................................................................................... 231 7.3 ROSALVO BOBO IN CUBA ......................................................................... 239 7.4 FROM PATRIOTIQUE TO PATRIOTICA ................................................ 247 7.5 THE ERA OF REPATRIATIONS................................................................. 255 7.6 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 258 8.0 RETURN MIGRANTS IN HAITI .......................................................................... 259 8.1 POLITICAL CONFLICT AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN HAITI …………………………………………………………………………………265 8.2 RETURN MIGRANTS AND FEARS OF POLITICAL RADICALIZATION …………………………………………………………………………………274 8.3 RETURN MIGRANTS AND RURAL WORK ............................................ 282 8.4 LIFE IN A HAITIAN VILLE: RETURN MIGRANTS IN URBAN SPACES …………………………………………………………………………………290 8.5 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 298 9.0 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 307 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Haitian Immigrant Arrivals in Cuba According to Official Statistics ............................ 52 Table 2: Haitian Passengers in Cuba, 1902-1913 ......................................................................... 55 Table 3: Haitian Immigrants, Net Gain of Passengers, and Unspecified Antilleans, 1902-1913 . 56 Table 4 Haitian Agricultural Workers' Birthplaces and Migration Dates .................................... 81 Table 5 Haitian Commodity Exports (in thousands of metric tons) ........................................... 273 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Cuban Prison Record for Haitian-Born Armando Gutierez Salazar .............................. 28 Figure 2 Map of Regional and Temporal Patterns of Haitian Migration to Cuba ........................ 83 Figure 3 Map of areas of rural violence, mass land expulsion, and migration to Cuba ............... 88 Figure 4 Document Permitting Odelon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period'
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 43 INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES RESEARCH PAPERS. State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period': The Federation de Mujeres Cubanas Maxim Molyneux STATE, GENDER AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CUBA'S 'SPECIAL PERIOD': THE FEDERAClON DE MUJERES CUBAN AS Maxine Molyneux Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9HA British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1 900039 05 2 ISSN 0957-7947 ® Institute of Latin American Studies University of London, 1996 CONTENTS Introduction. A Debate on Change 1 The 'Woman Question' and the Revolutionary State 5 The FMC in the 1980s: Adaptation and Resistance 11 'Emancipation' and Instrumentalism 18 The FMC in the 1990s 22 The Costs of Adjustment 27 The Household 35 Non-Governmental Organisations 40 Conclusions 43 Bibliography 51 Maxine Molyneux is Senior Lecturer in Latin American Sociology at the Institute of Latin American Studies. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Ruth Pearson for productive discussions about shared concerns, Margarita Velazquez and Fred Halliday for comments, and Jean Stubbs and Emily Morris for their help with materials. State, Gender and Institutional Change in Cuba's 'Special Period': The Federation de Mujeres Cubanas 'We have gone through three periods since the revolution: in the first we looked to the state to solve all of our problems, and we managed more or less OK. In the second, from 1988, we found the state couldn't meet our needs, and we were unable to meet them ourselves. Since 1993 we no longer rely on the state because we know that it cannot deliver what we need.
    [Show full text]
  • Guerrilla War and Hegemony: Gramsci and Che
    Guerrilla war and hegemony: Gramsci and Che MARCO GABBAS ABSTRACT: La guerra de guerrillas is one of the most known of Che Guevara’s works. Providing a political-ideological analysis of this book, I aim to demonstrate that Che Guevara should not be considered only a man of action, but also a political thinker and theorist. To analyze the book, I will use the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and War of Manoeuvrer/War of Position as an interpretative framework. KEYWORDS: Guevara. Guerrilla. Gramsci. Hegemony. War of Manoeuvre/War of Position. Guerra de guerrilha e hegemonia: Gramsci e Che RESUMO: A guerra de guerrilhas é uma das obras mais conhecidas de Che Guevara. Oferecendo uma análise político-ideológica do livro, pretendo demonstrar que Che Guevara não deve ser considerado apenas um homem de ação, mas também um pensador e teórico da política. Para analisar o livro, usarei os conceitos gramscianos de hegemonia e guerra de movimento/guerra de posição como uma moldura interpretativa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Guevara. MARCO GABBAS Guerrilha. Gramsci. Hegemonia. Guerra de movimento/guerra de posição. History PhD candidate, University of Milan. Member of the Editorial Board and International Advisor RECEBIDO EM: 12/05/2017 of Eszmélet, Hungarian Journal of APROVADO EM: 20/12/2017 Culture and Social Criticism. E-mail: [email protected] TENSÕES MUNDIAIS | 53 MARCO GABBAS 1 INTRODUCTION The one hundredth anniversary of the Russian Revolution is an appropriate moment to reflect on its repercussions on the world and, more specifically, on Latin America. Latin America was profoundly influenced by the October Revolution during the lifes- pan of the Soviet Union but, differently from Eastern Europe or the former USSR, in Latin America the US victory in the Cold War did not mean capitulation and obeisance to the dominant capita- list ideology.
    [Show full text]
  • Enduring Ties the Human Connection Between Greater Boston, Latin America and the Caribbean
    Enduring Ties The Human Connection Between Greater Boston, Latin America and the Caribbean Prepared for The Building Broader Communities in Americas Working Group by The Philanthropic Initiative and Boston Indicators Greater Boston’s Immigrants and Their Connections to Latin America and the Caribbean | 1 The Boston Foundation The Boston Foundation, Greater Boston’s community foundation, is one of the largest community foundations in the nation, with net assets of some $1 billion. In 2016, the Foundation and its donors paid $100 million in grants to nonprofit organizations and received gifts of more than $107 million. The Foundation is proud to be a partner in philanthropy, with more than 1,000 separate charitable funds established by donors either for the general benefit of the community or for special purposes. The Boston Foundation also serves as a major civic leader, think tank and advocacy organization, commissioning research into the most critical issues of our time and helping to shape public policy designed to advance opportunity for everyone in Greater Boston. The Philanthropic Initiative (TPI), a distinct operating unit of the Foundation, designs and implements customized philanthropic strategies for families, foundations and corporations both here and around the globe. For more information about the Boston Foundation or TPI, visit tbf.org or call 617.338.1700. The Philanthropic Initiative The Philanthropic Initiative (TPI) is a global philanthropic consulting practice that helps individuals, families, foundations, and corporations develop and execute customized strategies to increase the impact of their giving and achieve philanthropy that is more strategic, effective, and fulfilling. For nearly 30 years, TPI has served as consultant and thought partner to ambitious donors and funders who embrace innovative thinking in their efforts to find local, national, and global levers of change.
    [Show full text]
  • Protestwagecuts Soviet Toilers, in Thousands of Meetings
    Page Six DAILY WORKER. NEW’ YORK. TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1934 Dailu>3ij\Vorker The Meeting of the Central Troops Called, As THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT % tturck Japan Pushes Fight ••TUI MUD CominilT MITT OJ.&. ffCCTNM Os fOmtOaifT HTTIIMTIOaU) Committee, C*P*U.S.A. * ‘America’* Only Working Claes Daily Newspaper" 16 and 17, 18th meeting of the Philippine Masses On Rivals for World FOUNDED 19?4 lyN January the v tral Committee, C. P, U. 8. A., was held to receive a PUBLISHED DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY, DX THE repeat of the 13th Plenum of the Executive Committee Protest U.S. Terror Market Into Africa COMPRODAILT PUBLISHING CO, INC, X Haws lHh of the Communist International, and to decide upon York, Street, New N. Y. the arrangements for the Eighth National Conven- ! 2,500 Workers, Considering Marital Link Peasants '* Telephone: ALgonquln C. U. S. A . 4-75&4. tion of the P. Pack Court Protesting mere With Royal Family Cable Atidreu: "Dalirort.” Me* York, A unanimously approved the Theses of Washington Bureau: Room 9*4, ttetUmt Perm ImififHng, This meeting 14th and T St, Washington, EX O, ! the 13th Plenum of the E. C. C. L (published in the Savage Sentences of AbvssiniaJ Subscription Bates; Dally Worker on Jan. 13), and emphasized some of i YORK. More than 2,500 TOKYO, Jan. 21.—Plans for a ma- By (except Manhattan Bronx*, fen, M.OO; therefrom for the U. S„ In a brief NEW Mail: and t : the tasks flowing royal 8 months, JJ.SO; t months, *2.00; 1 month, 07* cents.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance, Aesthetics, and the Unfinished Haitian Revolution Jeremy Matthew Glick
    The Black Radical Tragic America and the Long 19th Century General Editors David Kazanjian, Elizabeth McHenry, and Priscilla Wald Black Frankenstein: The Making of an American Metaphor Elizabeth Young Neither Fugitive nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel Edlie L. Wong Shadowing the White Man’s Burden: U.S. Imperialism and the Problem of the Color Line Gretchen Murphy Bodies of Reform: The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded- Age America James B. Salazar Empire’s Proxy: American Literature and U.S. Imperialism in the Philippines Meg Wesling Sites Unseen: Architecture, Race, and American Literature William A. Gleason Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights Robin Bernstein American Arabesque: Arabs and Islam in the Nineteenth Century Imaginary Jacob Rama Berman Racial Indigestion: Eating Bodies in the Nineteenth Century Kyla Wazana Tompkins Idle Threats: Men and the Limits of Productivity in Nineteenth- Century America Andrew Lyndon Knighton The Traumatic Colonel: The Founding Fathers, Slavery, and the Phantasmatic Aaron Burr Michael J. Drexler and Ed White Unsettled States: Nineteenth- Century American Literary Studies Edited by Dana Luciano and Ivy G. Wilson Sitting in Darkness: Mark Twain, Asia, and Comparative Racialization Hsuan L. Hsu Picture Freedom: Remaking Black Visuality in the Early Nineteenth Century Jasmine Nichole Cobb Stella Émeric Bergeaud Translated by Lesley Curtis and Christen Mucher Racial Reconstruction: Black Inclusion, Chinese Exclusion, and the
    [Show full text]
  • Culture Haiti
    \. / '• ,-') HHHaitiHaaaiiitttiii # l~- ~~- J;,4' ). ~ History ' • The native Taino Amerindians inhabited the island of Hispaniola when discovered by Columbus in 1492 and were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. • In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded the western third of the island to the French which later became Haiti. • The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. • In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'Ouverture. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. • After an armed rebellion led to the departure of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Continued violence and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, • Haiti inaugurated a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006. • Immigration: Immigrants to the US encounter the problems and difficulties common to many new arrivals, compounded by the fact that the Haitians are "triple minorities": they are foreigners, they speak Haitian Creole that no one else does, and they are black. • Results from Census 2000 show 419,317 foreign-born from Haiti live in the U.S., representing 1.3 percent of the total foreign-born population of 31.1 million and 0.1 percent of the total population of 281.4 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics, Development, and Discourse in Port-Au-Prince
    What’s Wrong with Haiti? Politics, Development, and Discourse in Port-au-Prince by Alison C. Joersz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor Stuart Kirsch, Co-Chair Associate Professor Michael P. Lempert, Co-Chair Assistant Professor Robert S. Jansen Professor Alaina M. Lemon Professor Kristina S. Wirtz, Western Michigan University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this dissertation was a long, and often difficult journey. It was one supported by the assistance of many individuals and institutions in a variety of forms. They are too numerable to be named individually yet I am eternally grateful for each and every one of them, no matter how big or small the assistance was. The research and writing for this project was generously supported by fellowships from University of Michigan’s International Institute, Rackham Graduate School, the Department of Anthropology, the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, and the Institute for the Humanities. Along the way, I received considerable scholarly advice, encouragement, and support from mentors, advisors, instructors, and colleagues alike, including my entire committee – Stuart Kirsch, Michael Lempert, Kristina Wirtz, Alaina Lemon, and Rob Jansen – as well as:Mark Schuller, Chelsey Kivland, Richard Turits, Maxwell Owusu, Sophonie Joseph, Athena Kolbe, Ling Lab participants, Michicagoan attendees (2013), my fellow IRWG Community of Scholars participants (2014), and Humanities Institute scholars (2014-15). Living in Haiti and learning from those around me was not always an easy process yet it was made that much easier and enjoyable by the many generous Haitians and expatriates who went out of their way to help a stumbling and sometimes incoherent blan.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Citizenship, Black Sovereignty: the Haitian Emigration Movement and Black American Politics, 1804-1865
    Black Citizenship, Black Sovereignty: The Haitian Emigration Movement and Black American Politics, 1804-1865 Alexander Campbell History Honors Thesis April 19, 2010 Advisor: Françoise Hamlin 2 Table of Contents Timeline 5 Introduction 7 Chapter I: Race, Nation, and Emigration in the Atlantic World 17 Chapter II: The Beginnings of Black Emigration to Haiti 35 Chapter III: Black Nationalism and Black Abolitionism in Antebellum America 55 Chapter IV: The Return to Emigration and the Prospect of Citizenship 75 Epilogue 97 Bibliography 103 3 4 Timeline 1791 Slave rebellion begins Haitian Revolution 1831 Nat Turner rebellion, Virginia 1804 Independent Republic of Haiti declared, Radical abolitionist paper The Liberator with Jean-Jacques Dessalines as President begins publication 1805 First Constitution of Haiti Written 1836 U.S. Congress passes “gag rule,” blocking petitions against slavery 1806 Dessalines Assassinated; Haiti divided into Kingdom of Haiti in the North, Republic of 1838 Haitian recognition brought to U.S. House Haiti in the South. of Representatives, fails 1808 United States Congress abolishes U.S. 1843 Jean-Pierre Boyer deposed in coup, political Atlantic slave trade chaos follows in Haiti 1811 Paul Cuffe makes first voyage to Africa 1846 Liberia, colony of American Colonization Society, granted independence 1816 American Colonization Society founded 1847 General Faustin Soulouque gains power in 1817 Paul Cuffe dies Haiti, provides stability 1818 Prince Saunders tours U.S. with his 1850 Fugitive Slave Act passes U.S. Congress published book about Haiti Jean-Pierre Boyer becomes President of 1854 Martin Delany holds National Emigration Republic of Haiti Convention Mutiny of the Holkar 1855 James T.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging the Haitian Diaspora
    Engaging the Haitian Diaspora Emigrant Skills and Resources are needed for Serious Growth and development, not Just Charity By Tatiana Wah ver the last five decades, Haiti has lost to the developed and developing world a significant amount of its already meager manpower resources, O largely in the form of international migration. This has led to a significant pool of skilled human capital residing mostly in the Dominican Republic, the United States, and Canada as diaspora communities. Some estimates show that as much as 70 percent of Haiti’s skilled human resources are in the diaspora. Meanwhile, it is increasingly argued that unless developing nations such as Haiti improve their skilled and scientific infrastructures and nurture the appropriate brainpower for the various aspects of the development process, they may never advance beyond their current low socio-economic status. Faced with persistent underdevelopment problems and with language and cultural barriers, international aid agencies, development scholars, and practitioners are increasingly and loudly calling for diaspora engagement programs. The processes required to construct successful diaspora engagement strategies for Haiti’s development, however, are not well understood and consequently merit serious attention. Programs make implicit and explicit assumptions about diaspora members that do not apply to the general understanding of how émigrés build or rebuild their worlds. Programs fail to place strategies within the larger framework of any national spatial-economic development plan or its implementation. Cur- rent engagement strategies treat nationalistic appeals and diaspora consciousness as sufficient to entice members of the diaspora to return or at least to make indi - rect contributions to their homeland.
    [Show full text]
  • Background on Haiti & Haitian Health Culture
    A Cultural Competence Primer from Cook Ross Inc. Background on Haiti & Haitian Health Culture History & Population • Concept of Health • Beliefs, Religion & Spirituality • Language & Communication • Family Traditions • Gender Roles • Diet & Nutrition • Health Promotion/Disease Prevention • Illness-Related Issues • Treatment Issues • Labor, Birth & After Care • Death & Dying THIS PRIMER IS BEING SHARED PUBLICLY IN THE HOPE THAT IT WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION THAT WILL POSITIVELY IMPACT 2010 POST-EARTHQUAKE HUMANITARIAN RELIEF EFFORTS IN HAITI. D I S C L A I M E R Although the information contained in www.crcultureVision.com applies generally to groups, it is not intended to infer that these are beliefs and practices of all individuals within the group. This information is intended to be used as a basis for further exploration, not generalizations or stereotyping. C O P Y R I G H T Reproduction or redistribution without giving credit of authorship to Cook Ross Inc. is illegal and is prohibited without the express written permission of Cook Ross Inc. FOR MORE INFORMATION Contact Cook Ross Inc. [email protected] phone: 301-565-4035 website: www.CookRoss.com Background on Haiti & Haitian Health Culture Table of Contents Chapter 1: History & Population 3 Chapter 2: Concept of Health 6 Chapter 3: Beliefs, Religion & Spirituality 9 Chapter 4: Language & Communication 16 Chapter 5: Family Traditions 23 Chapter 6: Gender Roles 29 Chapter 7: Diet & Nutrition 30 Chapter 8: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention 35 Chapter 9: Illness-Related Issues 39 Chapter 10: Treatment Issues 57 Chapter 11: Labor, Birth & After Care 67 Chapter 12: Death & Dying 72 About CultureVision While health care is a universal concept which exists in every cultural group, different cultures vary in the ways in which health and illness are perceived and how care is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Afro-Latin@? Examining the Social Construction of Race and Négritude in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Social Education 81(1), pp 37–42 ©2017 National Council for the Social Studies Teaching and Learning African American History Who is Afro-Latin@? Examining the Social Construction of Race and Négritude in Latin America and the Caribbean Christopher L. Busey and Bárbara C. Cruz By the 1930s the négritude ideological movement, which fostered a pride and conscious- The rejection of négritude is not a ness of African heritage, gained prominence and acceptance among black intellectuals phenomenon unique to the Dominican in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. While embraced by many, some of African Republic, as many Latin American coun- descent rejected the philosophy, despite evident historical and cultural markers. Such tries and their respective social and polit- was the case of Rafael Trujillo, who had assumed power in the Dominican Republic ical institutions grapple with issues of in 1930. Trujillo, a dark-skinned Dominican whose grandmother was Haitian, used race and racism.5 For example, in Mexico, light-colored pancake make-up to appear whiter. He literally had his family history African descended Mexicans are socially rewritten and “whitewashed,” once he took power of the island nation. Beyond efforts isolated and negatively depicted in main- to alter his personal appearance and recast his own history, Trujillo also took extreme stream media, while socio-politically, for measures to erase blackness in Dominican society during his 31 years of dictatorial the first time in the country’s history the rule. On a national level, Trujillo promoted
    [Show full text]
  • CSA HAITI 2016 41St Caribbean Studies Association Conference Day 2 Tuesday, 7 June 2016
    CSA HAITI 2016 41st Caribbean Studies Association Conference Day 2 Tuesday, 7 June 2016 www.caribbeanstudiesassociation.org 1 2 TUESDAY MARDI MARTES 3 TUESDAY - 7 June 2016 8:00 AM H. Adlai Murdoch, Tufts University Hegel, Haiti, and the Inscription of Diasporic Blackness Registration and Administrative Matters MARTES Inscription et questions administratives / Irline François, Goucher College Registro y asuntos administrativos Haunting Capital, Legacies and Lifelines Enskripsyon ak administration Regine Michelle Jean-Charles, Boston College Sujets et assujetties : Les femmes esclaves dans Rosalie MARDI 8:00 AM - 8:10 AM l’infâme et Humus / Encuentros / Rasanblaj / Encounters / Rencontres (1) H2 Marriott Kolibri Terrace Opening Session G 8:00 AM – 9:30 AM Exiles and/or Migrants: Representation, Testimony, Marriott Ayizan 1 and Experience Egzile ak/oubyen Imigran: Reprezantasyon, Temwayaj ak Ek- TUESDAY TUESDAY Opening Session 2: Louvri Bayè pou "Migrations of Afro- speryans Caribbean Spirituality" Exilios y/o emigrantes: representación, testimonio y experi- Séance d'ouverture: Louvri Bayè pou "Migrations de la spiritu- encia alité afro-caribéenne" Sesión de apertura 2: Louvri Bayè pou "Migraciones de la espir- Chair: Juliette Storr, Pennsylvania State University itualidad afro-caribeña" Media’s Portrayal of the Haitian Diaspora: Integration or Isola- tion Chair: Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee Oneil Hall, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus M. Jacqui Alexander, University of Toronto Border restrictions:
    [Show full text]