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Comportements En Matière D'hygiène Et D'assainissement Et Volonté De Payer En Milieu Rural Au Sénégal

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Comportements En Matière D'hygiène Et D'assainissement Et Volonté De Payer En Milieu Rural Au Sénégal Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 Swiss Centre for International Health Programme Eau et Assainissement, Banque Mondiale Enquête ménage: comportements en matière d'hygiène et d'assainissement et volonté de payer en milieu rural au Sénégal Appui à la Direction de l'Assainissement Rapport final Swiss TPH ISED Consultants Lise Beck Mayassine Diongue Sylvain Faye Peter Steinmann Cheikh Fall Tidiane Ndoye Ibrahima Sy Adama Faye Alioune Touré Martin Bratschi Anta Tal Dia Kaspar Wyss Basel, 18 novembre 2015 Page 1 / 136 Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 Contacts Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Institut de Santé et Développement Socinstrasse 57 Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) P.O. Box BP 16390 4002 Basel Dakar-Fann Switzerland Sénégal Kaspar Wyss Anta Tal Dia Head of Systems Support Unit Director ISED Swiss Centre for International Health (SCIH) Tel: +221 33 824 98 78 T: +41 61 284 81 40 Fax: +221 33 825 36 48 F: +41 61 284 81 03 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.scih.ch / www.swisstph.ch Website: http://www.ised.sn/ Financement Cette étude est menée pour le compte du Programme Eau et Assainissement (PEA), qui fait partie d’un partenariat de plusieurs donneurs administré par le Groupe de la Banque Mondiale. Le but est d’appuyer les populations pauvres dans l’accès à des services en eau et en assainissement qui sont abordables, sûrs et durables. Avertissement Les idées et opinions exprimées dans ce document sont ceux des auteurs et n’impliquent pas ou ne reflètent pas nécessairement les opinions de l’Institut. Page 2 / 136 Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 Remerciement L’étude présentée ici a été menée dans le cadre du partenariat de recherche entre le Programme Eau et Assainissement (PEA), le Centre Suisse pour la Santé Internationale de l’Institut Tropicale et de Santé Publique Suisse (Swiss TPH) et l’Institut de Santé Publique et de Développement (ISED) à Dakar au Sénégal. De nombreuses personnes ont été impliquées et ont contribué de plusieurs façons possibles dans ce travail. Nous sommes redevables à Jacqueline Devine et son équipe du PEA à Washington et à M. Oumar Diallo et M Adama Mbaye du bureau du PEA à Dakar pour leur soutien dans la présente étude ainsi que pour nous avoir fourni des commentaires précieux. Un merci particulier est adressé à tous les enquêteurs pour leur dur travail durant la collecte des données sous des conditions souvent difficiles et dans des zones reculées. Sont remerciés Finou Thérèse Mendy, Waly Diouf, Mame Soukèye Mbaye, Mouhamed Badji pour leur participation active dans les focus groupes et les entretiens individuels ainsi que tous les enquêteurs et cartographes du Service National d’Hygiène qui ont participé à l’enquête ménage. Enfin, la présente enquête n’aurait pas été possible sans la contribution de tous les chefs de ménages, informateurs privilégiés et participants aux focus groupes. Ils nous ont toujours remarquablement et chaleureusement accueillis. Page 3 / 136 Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 Abréviations ANSD Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie ATPC Assainissement Total Piloté par la Communauté BA Banque Africaine BAD Banque Africaine de Développement BM Banque Mondiale CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation CR Communauté rurale CV Curriculum Vitae DAL Défécation à l'air libre DR District de Recensement EAA Eau et Assainissement pour l’Afrique EDS Enquête Démographique et de Santé EKNZ Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz FDAL Fin de la défécation à l’air libre GSF Global Sanitation Fund GTS Groupe Technique de Suivi IC Intervalle de confiance ISED Institut de Santé et de Développement JICA Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale JMP Joint Monitoring Program OMD Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement OMS Organisation Mondiale pour la Santé ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale OR Odds ratio PDA Personal Digital Assistant PEA Programme sur l’Eau et l’Assainissement PEPAM Programme d'Eau Potable et d'Assainissement du Millénaire RGPH Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat SCIH Swiss Centre for International Health SRA Service Régional de l’Assainissement Swiss TPH Institut Tropical Suisse et de Santé Publique (Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute) TdR (ToR) Termes de référence (Terms of Reference) UCAD Université Cheikh Anta Diop WHEPSA Women’s Health Education and Prevention Strategies Alliance WHO World Health Organisation WSP Water and Sanitation Program UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WHO World Health Organization WSP Water and Sanitation Program Page 4 / 136 Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 Table des Matières Table des matières Résumé ............................................................................................................................... 10 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 17 1 ...... Introduction et objectifs ............................................................................................ 23 1.1 Contexte............................................................................................................. 23 1.2 Objectifs ............................................................................................................. 25 2 ...... Revue de la littérature ............................................................................................... 26 2.1 Méthodologie ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Présence et utilisation des latrines, gestion des selles d’enfants et lavage des mains ........................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Facteurs d’opportunité ........................................................................................ 29 2.4 Facteurs influençant les capacités...................................................................... 31 2.5 Facteurs de motivation ....................................................................................... 34 3 ...... Méthodologie ............................................................................................................. 37 3.1 Lieu d'étude........................................................................................................ 37 3.2 Définition des latrines améliorées ....................................................................... 37 3.3 Enquête ménage ................................................................................................ 38 3.3.1 Population cible et critère d'inclusion .................................................... 38 3.3.2 Base de sondage.................................................................................. 39 3.3.3 Taille et répartition de l’échantillon ........................................................ 39 3.3.4 Questionnaire ménage ......................................................................... 40 3.4 Focus groupes et entretiens avec les informateurs clés ..................................... 41 3.4.1 Participants ........................................................................................... 41 3.4.2 Echantillon ............................................................................................ 41 3.4.3 Thématiques investiguées et organisation des focus groupes et entretiens ............................................................................................. 42 3.5 Equipes de terrain, formation et pré-test............................................................. 43 3.6 Collecte, saisie et analyse des données ............................................................. 44 3.6.1 Organisation de la collecte des données sur le terrain .......................... 44 3.6.2 Saisie et sauvegarde des données ....................................................... 45 3.6.3 Analyse des données ........................................................................... 45 3.7 Assurance qualité et procédures de contrôle ...................................................... 46 3.8 Considérations éthiques ..................................................................................... 47 3.9 Limites de l'étude et biais ................................................................................... 48 3.9.1 Echantillonnage .................................................................................... 48 Page 5 / 136 Swiss TPH | Enquête hygiene et assainissement, Sénégal – Rapport final – Version finale_18.11.2015 3.9.2 Biais possibles ...................................................................................... 48 4 ...... Résultats .................................................................................................................... 49 4.1 Participation ....................................................................................................... 49 4.2 Caractéristiques des ménages et des répondants .............................................. 49 4.3 Possession et utilisation de latrines, lavage des mains, pratiques de défécation et élimination des selles d'enfants ....................................................
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