"Blessing for the Nations" in the Patriarchal Narratives
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THE THFIIE OF "BLESSING FOR THE NATIONS" IN THE PATRIARCHAL NARRATIVES OF GENESIS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Biblical Studies University of Sheffield Riang Chea CHEW October, 1982 x ACKNOWLEDGE1ETS To be able to complete the present study is in itself a reflection of the assistance I received. It is therefore with great pleasure I express my appreciation to Mr. David Clines, my supervisor and Reader of the Biblical Studies Department, for his perceptive guidance throughout the period of my research. His kind friendship, understanding, and sacrifice of time, all contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. In additions I would also like to express my thanks to Drs. Philip Davies and David Gunn, both also of the Biblical Studies Department.. Dr. Davies supervised me and Dr. &unn kindly gave of his time to discuss part of my work, during Mr. CIines' sabbatical leave in 1980/81. A special word of thanks also goes to Mr. Ken Rawlins of Sheffield whom I burdened with the unenviable task of correcting my English. I, of course, remain responsible for all the unidiomatic use of English still present in the study. Without the financial support of the Langham Trust, the present course of studies waulci not have been started and completed. In this, the personal encouragement of the Rev. Dr. John Stott is especially acknowledged. In addition, a number of organisations and friends have also contributed to the cost of maintenance for my family over the past three years. Of these, special thanks go to the consistent support given by the Lee Foundation, Singapore, and the church of which I am a member, both in Singapore and in Sheffield. A final word of gratitude has to be reserved for my wife, who has given unreservingly her support and companionship, especially over the past three years. 11 SYNOPSIS 1. The universalistic promise expressed by a formula with the theme "Blessing for the Nations" in the Old Testament is primarily found in the patriarchal narratives (Gen.l2-35). This aspect of the patriarchal narratives however has not been adequately studied. Previous discussions of the theme, based primarily on 12:1-3, and conducted within the framework of the Yahwist"s work, are shown to be inadequate in our survey in shedding light on the positioning and significance of the theme in the overall patriarchal narratives. The survey indicates a literary analysis of these narratives could probably yield more positive results. 2. A. formulaic analysis shows that the niphal form ( '21) is used at the beginning of a patrjarchs career to express a probationary, and the hitbpael form ( )72JT) to express a reaffirmatory, relationship of the patriarch to the promised universal destiny. Strikingly, the 'seed' plays a prominent role in the destiny. The formula also serves to link the patriarchs' calling to the primeval history and the history of the early formative period of the Israelite people. 3. The Abraham story (Gen.12-.22) is encased by the theme. A double-chiastic arrangement of the narratives (i two groups) shows a movement of horizon from the particularistic to the universalistic. The universal horizon of Abraham's initial call (12:1-3), displaced in the first half of the structure, is reaffirmed in the latter half. Gen.l6 stands out as the nadir and turning-point of the overall story. The notices of Isaac's birth are instructively "positioned' in the universalistic sector of the double-chiasmus. Moreover, the formula is pronounced in narratives which portray Abraham as reversing the negative results of the key events un the primeval history. 4. The rsaac narrative (Gen.26) is shown to be "demonstration- material" of the initial actualisation of the theme. The narrative is coherently structured around an emphatic divine command, a unique twin-promise, and Isaac's response in a series of movements, climaxing in Abimelech's sudden visit to and significant confession of Isaac's status. Gen.26 is also shown to be a "quintessence" of the Abraham story and forms a critique of and model for Jacob's understanding and actualisa- tion of his destiny. 5. The theme is shown to underline the Jacob story (Gen.25-35), especially in the Jacob-.Esau cycles. Jacob's character trans- formation and reconciliation with Esau are necessary pre-requisites before the reaffirmation' of the universal destiny to him at Bethel. Significantly, the creation mandate is re-issued to Jacob-Israel the seed of Abraham and Isaac, when a. formula pronouncement is expected.. Finally, Jacob-Israel is shown to form a parallel with Abraham whose call also expresses Yahwehts re-affirmation of his creational intentions for mankind. 111 ABBREVIATIONS AB The Anchor Bible AnBi bi Analecta Bjbljca ATh.JLNT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten unü Neuen Testaments BA Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools for Oriental Research BBB Bonner Biblische Beitrge BDB Brown, F., Driver, S.L, Briggs, C.A. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907). Bib. Res. Biblical Research BKAT Biblischer Koininentar zuni Alten Testament BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BZ Biblische Zeitschrift B ZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur die Alttestamentliche Wi. ssenschaft CB Coniectanea Biblica CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English Bible CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly Ev. Th. Evangelische Theologie HKAT Handkommentar zum Alten Testament HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual ICC International Critical Commentary 1DB The Interpreter's Dictionary of' the Bible, Four Volumes, ed. G.A. Buttrick et al. (Nashville: Abingdon, 1962). ! Suppi. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible Supplementary Volume, ed. K. Crim et al. (Nashville: Abingdon, 1976). mt Interpretation JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JR Journal of Religion JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JS OR Journal of the Society for Oriental Research JS OT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOT Suppl. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series KAT Koinmentar zuin Alten Testament LXX S eptuagint MT Massoretic Text Or Orientalia OTL Old Testament Library OTS Oudtestainenti sche Stildien iv SBL Society for Biiblical Literature SBS Stuttgarten Bibel-Studien SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SJT Scottish Journal of Theology St. Th. Studia Theologica SVT Supplements to Vetua Testamentum TB Tyndale Bulletin TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Vols.J—IV, ed, G.J. Botterweck & H. Ringgren (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974-.-). TOTC Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries VT Vetus Testamentum wC Westminster Commentaries ZAY Zeitschrift fur die AJ.ttestamentliche Wjssenschaft Abbreviations for biblical references used: Gen.=Genesis, Ex.=Exodus, Lev.=Leviticus, Num.=Numbers, Deut.=Deuteronomy, Josh.=Joshua, Jdg.Judges, 1 Sam.=1 Samuel, 2 Sam.-2 Samuel, 1 Kgs=1 Kings, 2 Kgs=2 Kings, 1 Chron.=1 Chronicles 2 Chron,.=2 Chronicles, Neh.=Nehemiah, Ps.=Psalms, Isa.=Isaiah, Jer.=Jeremiah, Ezek.=Ezekiel, Hos.=Hosea, Am.=Amos, Mic.=Micah, Zech.=Zechariah, Mal,=Malachi. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKN OWLEDGfl4ENTS :1. SYNOPSIS 11 ABBREVIATIONS 111 CONTENTS V INTRODUCTI ON 1 CHAPTER ONE - PREVIOUS DISCUSSIONS OF THE TH&E tJ5IN 5 FOR THE NATIONSt' A.) )7L1 - Passive, Reflexive or Otherwise? Passive 5 1. 2. Reflexive 6 ii) The Theme in the Framework of the Yahwistic Epic 11 12 1. Gerbard von Had 2. Josef Schreiner 15 H.W. Wolff 20 3. 34 4. J. Muilenburg 5. RE. Clements 37 6. G. Wehmeier 39 7. R. Rendtorff 42 C) Conclusion 44 CHAPTER TWO - FORMULAIC ANALYSIS OF THE THEME uBLFSSING FOR THE NATIONS" A) General Observations 47 B) The Theme as Final Intent 50 C) Positioning of the Theme in the Patriarchal Narratives 53 o) Structure of Elements 1. 12:1-4 56 2. 18:17-19 56 3. 22:1-19 58 4. 26:2-6 58 5. 28:13-15 60 E) Agent of Blessing 62 F) JT(DV and \'7rc '7 65 G) Conclusion 69 vi - THE THEAE ttBLLSSING FOR THE NATIONS" THE LBRAIIJM NARRATIVES (G].12-22) I) The Structure of the Abraham Story and the Formula of the Theme 73 A) C.. Westermann 74 1. Promise Narratives 79 2. Abraham-Lot Sagas 82 3. Family Stories 83 B) Parameters of Analysis 87 C) Development of Horizon in the Abraham Narratives 92 1. God's Dealings with Abraham 92 a. General Observations. 92 b. Gen.15 and Gen.17 95 e. Gen.lT and Gen.12:1-9 96 d. Gen..15 and Gen.22:l—l9 98 e. Gen.12:l-9 and Gen.22:l-19 103 f. Summary 108 2. Abraham's Dealings with Men 110 a. Abraham and Foreign Rulers ill b. Abraham and Lot/S odom 114 c. Summary 117 3.. General Summary 118 D) The Voice of Saraj/Sarah 122 1. The Relationship of Gen.16 with Gen,]5 and 17 122 2. The Voice oil Sara,i/Sarah un the Abraham Story 133 E) Residual Remarks 147 II) Narrative Contexts of the Formula 152 i) Gen.1Z:l-9 153 1. General Observations 153 2. 12:1-9 and 11:1-9: Comparisons and Contrasts 154 3. Alitar—building and Calling on Yahwehs Name 164 4. "Be a Blessing!" 167 B) Gen.18—].9 172 1. General Observations 172 2. 'Developed' Context of the Formula: Gen.12 and iT 173 3. Significance of the 'Developed' Context and the Use of the Formula 175 4. Abraham and Noah 178 5. Summary 190 vii C) Gen.22:]-19 191 1. General Observations 191 2, Abraham and Adam 193 3. Summary 207 B) Conclusion 208 - THE THThIE AT I THE ISAAC N &) Introductiow 212 B) Structure and Arrangement 215 c) Analysis of Narrative 220 1.