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Pencerobohan Tanah Adat Orang Asli Di Semenanjung Malaysia: PUNCA & PENYELESAIAN

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Pencerobohan Tanah Adat Orang Asli Di Semenanjung Malaysia: PUNCA & PENYELESAIAN Pencerobohan Tanah Adat Orang Asli Di Semenanjung Malaysia: PUNCA & PENYELESAIAN SAHABAT ALAM JARINGAN KAMPUNG MALAYSIA ORANG ASLI SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Hakcipta!terpelihara.! Penerbitan!semula!atau!penyebaran!sebahagian!atau!keseluruhan!apa3apa!maklumat!yang! terkandung!di!dalam!penerbitan!ini!adalah!dibenarkan!untuk!tujuan!pendidikan!atau!lain3 lain!tujuan!bukan3komersial,!dengan!syarat!rujukan!judul!penerbitan,!tahun!dan!nama! pemegang3pemegang!hakcipta!dilakukan!dengan!sepenuhnya.! ! ! Diterbitkan!oleh! Sahabat!Alam!Malaysia!(SAM)! dan! Jaringan!Kampung!Orang!Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia!(JKOASM)! ! Sahabat!Alam!Malaysia! 258,!Jalan!Air!Itam! 10460!George!Town! Penang,!Malaysia.! Tel/Faks:!+604!228!6930/2! ! Lot!129A,!First!Floor! Jalan!Tuanku!Taha! P.O.BOX!216! 98058!Marudi! Baram,!Sarawak,!Malaysia.! Tel/Faks:!+6085!756!973! ! Emel:!SAM[at]foe3malaysia.org! ! Jaringan!Kampung!Orang!Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia! 39,!Jalan!Satu! Taman!Batang!Padang! 35500!Bidor! Perak,!Malaysia.! Tel:+!+605!434!8160! ! Hakcipta!terpelihara! ©!Sahabat!Alam!Malaysia!dan!Jaringan!Kampung!Orang!Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia,!2016! ! ! Penerbitan!ini!telah!diterbitkan!dengan!sokongan!dana!dari!Forests!and!the!European!Union! Resource!Network!(FERN).!Pandangan3pandangan!yang!diutarakan!di!dalam!penerbitan!ini! adalah!pendirian!Sahabat!Alam!Malaysia!(SAM)!dan!Jaringan!Kampung!Orang!Asli! Semenanjung!Malaysia!(JKOASM).!Ia!tidak!semestinya!mencerminkan!sebarang!pendirian! atau!pandangan!dari!pihak!FERN! Kandungan ! Senarai!Jadual! !!iii! Senarai!Perkataan!Singkatan! !!!v! 1.!Pengenalan+! !!!2! 2.!Undang3undang!tergubal!dan!hak!tanah!adat!Orang!Asli! !12! 3.!Pembalakan!haram,!pembalakan!yang!memudaratkan! !44! 4.!Hasil!kajian!kes:!Punca3punca!pencerobohan!tanah!adat!Orang!Asli! !60! 5.!Syor3syor!! !86! Lampiran:!Kajian!kes!pencerobohan!wilayah!hak!tanah!adat!Orang! ! Asli!di!Semenanjung!Malaysia! ! 1.!Pos!Balar,!Gua!Musang,!Kelantan! 101! 2.!Pos!Bihai,!Gua!Musang,!Kelantan! 131! 3.!Pos!Hau,!Gua!Musang,!Kelantan! 149! 4.!RPS!Kuala!Betis,!Gua!Musang,!Kelantan! 169! 5.!Lojing,!Gua!Musang,!Kelantan! 185! 6.!Kampung!Pos!Batu!Gong,!Chini,!Pahang! 209! 7.!Kampung!Ganoh,!Rompin,!Pahang! 227! 8.!Kampung!Kemomoi,!Rompin,!Pahang! 243! 9.!Kampung!Mengkapor,!Kuantan,!Pahang! 267! 10.!Kampung!Air!Bah,!Lenggong,!Perak! 291! 11.!Kampung!Bukit!Tokong,!Lawin,!Gerik,!Perak! 307! 12.!RPS!Kemar!dan!RPS!Banun,!Gerik,!Perak! 323! ! ! i ! ii Senarai Jadual ! 1! Pelbagai! undang3undang! yang! boleh! menjejaskan! hak! tanah! adat! 16! Orang!Asli!di!Semenanjung!Malaysia! ! 2! Keluasan!tanah!Orang!Asli!menurut!JAKOA,!2012!(hektar)! 28! ! 3! Keluasan! tanah! adat! Orang! Asli! yang! sudah! diwarta! atau! diberi! 29! hakmilik!menurut!JAKOA,!2012!(hektar)! ! 4! Hutan! simpanan! kekal! di! Semenanjung! Malaysia! dan! kelas3kelas! 32! fungsinya!menurut!Akta!Perhutanan!Negara!1984! ! 5! Keluasan! kawasan! berhutan! di! Semenanjung! Malaysia,! 2008! dan! 34! 2013!(hektar)! ! 6! Keluasan! hutan! simpanan! kekal! yang! telah! dikelaskan! sebagai! 36! ladang!kayu!di!Semenanjung!Malaysia,!2008!3!2013!(hektar)! ! 7! Aktiviti! perhutanan! yang! diwajibkan! proses! EIA! tanpa! ulasan! 41! awam! ! 8! Aktiviti! perhutanan! yang! diwajibkan! proses! EIA! dengan! ulasan! 42! awam! ! 9! Pengiktirafan!mahkamah!bahawa!hak!tanah!adat!orang!asal!adalah! 49! hak!yang!wujud!lebih!awal! ! 10! Pengiktifan! mahkamah! bahawa! hak! tanah! adat! orang! asal! adalah! 50! hak! kepemilikan! harta! yang! dilindungi! Perkara! 13! Perlembagaan! Persekutuan! ! 11! Demografi!wilayah3wilayah!hak!tanah!adat!masyarakat!Orang!Asli! 63! yang!terlibat!di!dalam!kajian!kes!! !! ! iii iv Senarai Ringkasan Perkataan ! AAC! Annual!allowable!cut!/!Catuan!tebangan!tahunan! AJKKK! Ahli!Jawatankuasa!Keselamatan!dan!Kemajuan!Kampung! COAC! Centre!for!Orang!Asli!Concerns!/!Pusat!Keprihatinan!Orang!Asli! DPPTOA! Dasar!Pemberian!Hakmilik!dan!Pembangunan!Tanah!Orang!Asli! EIA! Environmental! impact! assessment! /! Penilaian! kesan! kepada! alam! sekeliling! EUTR! European! Union! Timber! Regulation! 2010! /! Peraturan! Kayu! Balak! Kesatuan!Eropah!2010! FELDA! Federal!Land!Development!Authority!/!Lembaga!Kemajuan!Tanah! Persekutuan! FLEGT3VPA! Forest! Law! Enforcement! Governance! and! Trade! 3! Voluntary! Partnership! Agreement! /! Hutan! Perundangan! Penguatkuasaan! Kepemerintahan! dan! Perdagangan! –! Perjanjian! Perkongsian! Sukarela! FMU! Forest!management!unit!/!Unit!pengurusan!hutan! FRU! Federal!Reserve!Unit!/!Unit!Simpanan!Persekutuan! HSK! Hutan!simpanan!kekal! IMABT! Izin!berasaskan!maklumat!awal,!bebas!dan!telus! JAKOA! Jabatan!Kemajuan!Orang!Asli!(dahulu!JHEOA)! JHEOA! Jabatan!Hal!Ehwal!Orang!Asli!(kini!JAKOA)! JKKK! Jawatankuasa!Kemajuan!dan!Keselamatan!Kampung! JKOASM! Jaringan!Kampung!Orang!Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia! JOANGOHutan! Jaringan!Orang!Asal!dan!NGO!Tentang!Isu3Isu!Hutan! JOAS! Jaringan!Orang!Asal!Se3Malaysia! JUPEM! Jabatan!Ukur!dan!Pemetaan!Malaysia! LKPP! Lembaga!Kemajuan!Pertanian!Pahang! LTC! Latex!timber!clone!/!Klon!getah!balak! MTCC! Malaysian! Timber! Certification! Council! /! Majlis! Pensijilan! Kayu! Balak!Malaysia! MTCS! Malaysian! Timber! Certification! Scheme! /! Skim! Pensijilan! Kayu! Balak!Malaysia! NATIP! National!Timber!Industry!Policy!2009!3!2020!/!Dasar!Industri!Kayu! Balak!Kebangsaan!2009!3!2020! NCR! Native!customary!rights!/!Hak!tanah!adat!anak!negeri! NGO! Non3governmental!organisation!/!Pertubuhan!bukan3kerajaan! PEKA! Pertubuhan!Pelindung!Khazanah!Alam!Malaysia! PERHILITAN! Jabatan!Hidupan!Liar!dan!Taman!Negara! PKNP! Perbadanan!Kemajuan!Negeri!Perak! POASM! Persatuan!Orang!Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia! PPLRNK! Perbadanan!Pembangunan!Ladang!Rakyat!Negeri!Kelantan! v RISDA! Rubber! Industry! Smallholders! Development! Authority! /! Pihak! Berkuasa!Kemajuan!Pekebun!Kecil!Perusahaan!Getah! RPS! Rancangan!Pengumpulan!Semula! SAM! Sahabat!Alam!Malaysia!/!Friends!of!the!Earth!Malaysia! SILA! Sarawak! Indigenous! Lawyers! Alliance! /! Perikatan! Peguam3 Peguam!Orang!Asal!Sarawak! SMS! Selective!management!system!/!Sistem!pengurusan!terpilih! SUHAKAM! Suruhanjaya!Hak3Hak!Asasi!Manusia!Malaysia! TSB! Tanaman!Semula!Berkelompok! TSK! Tanaman!Semula!Komersial! UNDRIP! United!Nations’!Declaration!on!the!Rights!of!Indigenous!Peoples!/! Deklarasi! Pertubuhan! Bangsa3Bangsa! Bersatu! tentang! Hak3Hak! Orang!Asal! vi 1. PENGENALAN 1. Pengenalan ! Latarbelakang ! Penerbitan! laporan! ini! adalah! hasil! kerjasama! sebuah! projek! pengumpulan! kajian! kes! di! antara! pihak! Sahabat! Alam! Malaysia! (SAM)! dan! Jaringan! Kampung! Orang! Asli!Semenanjung!Malaysia!(JKOASM)!yang!mengambil!tempat!di!antara!Julai!2015! dan!Jun!2016.!! ! Kajian! kes! ini! pada! asalnya! berhasrat! untuk! mendokumentasikan! corak3corak! pencerobohan! hak! tanah! adat! Orang! Asli! di! Kelantan,! Perak! dan! Pahang! oleh! operasi! pembalakan! dan! perladangan! melalui! 10! buah! kajian! kes.! Pengumpulan! data! dilakukan! melalui! kaedah! tinjauan! dan! sessi! temubual! berdasarkan! soalan3 soalan! yang! tersedia,! bersama! wakil3wakil! masyarakat! kampung! terjejas! berserta! dengan!pengumpulan!maklumat!bukti3bukti!yang!berkenaan!dari!mereka.!! ! Namun!begitu,!pada!akhirnya,!kami!telah!berjaya!mengumpulkan!sebanyak!12!buah! kajian! kes! yang! melibatkan! 13! buah! wilayah! hak! tanah! adat! dengan! 66! buah! kampung,!berserta!lebih!dari!6,000!orang!penduduk.! ! Tumpuan utama: Pencabulan dan pencerobohan tanah adat Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia ! Penerbitan! ini! telah! diusahakan! untuk! memberikan! cadangan3cadangan! penyelesaian! di! peringkat! dasar! terhadap! pencabulan! dan! pencerobohan! hak3hak! tanah! adat! Orang! Asli! di! Semenanjung! Malaysia! berdasarkan! prinsip3prinsip! perundangan! dan! keadilan! sejagat.! Ia! diharapkan! akan! dapat! memberikan! sumbangan! terhadap! pembaikan! kepemerintahan! dan! perundangan! tentang! hal! ehwal!hak!tanah!adat!Orang!Asli!dan!perhutanan!di!Semenanjung!Malaysia!secara! amnya.! ! Makanya! itu,! perkara! pokok! yang! ingin! ditumpukan! oleh! projek! ini! adalah! untuk! mengesahkan! samada! pencerobohan! tanah! adat! Orang! Asli! di! Semenanjung! Malaysia! benar3benar! berpunca! dari! masalah! sistemik! kepemerintahan! dan! perundangan! dan! bukannya! kejadian3kejadian! terasing! yang! terjadi! akibat! dari! ketidakpatuhan! dan! perlanggaran! terhadap! mana3mana! arahan! perundangan! tergubal! atau! eksekutif.! Oleh! itu,! perhatian! telah! diberikan! juga! ke! atas! mutu! dan! keberkesanan! kerangka! perundangan! dan! kepemerintahan! mengenai! tanah,! perhutanan! dan! kawasan! pemuliharaan! alam! di! Semenanjung! Malaysia! di! dalam! memberikan! perlindungan! yang! mencukupi! terhadap! hak! tanah! adat! Orang! Asli! dan!pengurusan!tuntutan3tuntutan!hak!tanah!adat!mereka.!! 2 Dengan! tidak! menafikan! ianya! adalah! sebuah! isu! yang! tidak! patut! dipandang! ringan,! projek! ini! tidak! menumpukan! perhatian! terhadap! kejadian3kejadian! pencabulan! dan! pencerobohan! tanah! adat! yang! berlaku! akibat! dari! perlanggaran! sebarang! undang3undang! tergubal! atau! arahan! bertulis! pentadbiran! eksekutif! negeri3negeri! oleh! sesebuah! operasi! pembalakan! atau! perladangan! tersebut,! yang! lazimnya! diistilahkan! umum! sebagai! ‘pembalakan! haram’.! Justeru! itu,! tumpuan! kajian! kes! di! dalam! projek! ini! hanya! melibatkan! operasi3operasi! pembalakan! dan! perladangan! yang! dipercayai! telah! menerima! kebenaran! untuk! beroperasi! dari! kerajaan! negeri,! yang! telah! turut! menceroboh! ke! dalam! wilayah! hak! tanah! adat! Orang!Asli.!
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