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AKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI RITUAL SEREN TAUN (Studi Etnografi Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun Di Kasepuhan Cisungsang)

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AKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI RITUAL SEREN TAUN (Studi Etnografi Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun Di Kasepuhan Cisungsang) 1 AKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI RITUAL SEREN TAUN (Studi Etnografi Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun di Kasepuhan Cisungsang) SKRIPSI Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Ilmu Komunikasi pada Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Oleh : JUHENDI NIM 6662121051 KONSENTERASI HUBUNGAN MASYARAKAT PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA 2018 2 3 4 5 MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN TEKAD, UCAP, LAMPAH -Juhendi- Persembahan Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan kepada : Ibu dan Bapak yang luar biasa sabar, mereka orang tua yang punya pemikiran progresif, meraka sadar bahwa pendidikan adalah bekal yang paling berharga untuk diwariskan, mereka paham betul bagaimana pendidikan bisa menuntun seseorang. Mereka orang tua yang membebaskan anaknya untu melakukan apapun selama bisa bertanggung jawab dan menyelesaikannya. Hatur nuhun Ibu, Bapak.. 6 ABSTRAK Juhendi. NIM 6662121051. Skripsi. Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun (Studi Etnografi Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun di Kasepuhan Cisungsang). Kasepuhan Cisungsang merupakan komunitas adat yang terletak di Lebak-Banten, masyarakat Cisungsang masih menjaga adat istiadat warisan Karuhun seperti seren taun. Ritual seren taun merupakan sebuah prosesi yang unik, seren taun dilaksanakan selama7 (tujuh) hari 7 (tujuh) malam dengan berbagai rangkaian ritual adat. Ritual seren taun mencerminkan sebuah aktivitas komunikasi yang kompleks, yang di dalamnya terdapat peristiwa-peristiwa komunikasi yang khas yang melibatkan tindak-tindak komunikasi tertentu dan dalam konteks komunikasi yang tertentu pula. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi komunikasi, yang memfokuskan pada aktivitas komunikasi yang terjadi selama ritual Seren Taun. Dell Hymes membagi aktivitas komunikasi meliputi situasi komunikatif, peristiwa komunikatif dan tindakan komunikatif. Situasi komunikatif menjelaskan tentang konteks terjadinya komunikasi, sedangkan peristiwa komunikatif merupakan keseluruhan komponen peristiwa komunikasi yang meliputi setting, partisipants, ends, act sequence, keys, instrumentalities, norm, dan genre. Tindakan komunikatif merupakan fungsi interaksi tunggal, seperti pernyataan, permohonan, perintah ataupun perilaku non verbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas komunikasi ritual seren taun di Cisungsang memiliki ciri khas tersendiri, peristiwa yang muncul disetiap ritual memiliki maksud dan tujuan tertentu pula, ritual melibatkan tindak-tindak komunikasi yang tidak hanya komunikasi vertikal (manusia dengan manusia) tapi juga komunikasi horizontal (manusia dengan leluhur dan Sang Pencipta). Artefak yang digunakan memiliki fungsi tersendiri sebagai identitas dan juga sebagai media komunikasi yang sifatnya non verbal. Situasi, peristiwa ataupun tindakan komunikatif semuanya merujuk pada suatu aktivitas komunikasi yang mencerminkan rasa syukur masyarakat adat Kasepuhan kepada Tuhan yang maha kuasa atas berkah yang telah diberikan. Kata Kunci : Kasepuhan, Seren Taun, etnografi komunikasi, situasi komunikatif, peristiwa komunikatif, tindakan komunikatif. 7 ABSTRACT Juhendi. NIM 6662121051. Thesis. Communication Activity of Seren Taun Ritual (Ethnographic Study Communication Activity of Seren Taun Ritual in Kasepuhan Cisungsang). Kasepuhan Cisungsang is an indigenous community located in Lebak-Banten, Cisungsang people still maintain customs of Karuhun heritage such as seren taun. The seren taun ritual is a unique procession, seren taun is performed for 7 (seven) days 7 (seven) nights with various customary rituals. The seren taun ritual reflects a complex communication activity, in which there are distinctive communication events that involve certain communication actions and in certain communication contexts. This research uses qualitative method with ethnographic approach of communication, which focus on communication activity that happened during Seren Taun ritual. Dell Hymes divides communication activities including communicative situations, communicative events and communicative actions. The communicative situation describes the context of communication, whereas communicative events are the entire components of communication events that include settings, participatory, ends, act sequences, keys, instrumentalities, norms, and genres. Communicative action is a single interaction function, such as statements, requests, orders or non-verbal behavior. The results showed that the activity of ritual communication seren taun in Cisungsang has its own characteristics, the events that appear in each ritual have a certain purpose and purpose also, the ritual involves communication acts that are not only vertical communication (human with human) but also horizontal communication (human with the ancestors and the Creator). Artifacts used have its own function as an identity and also as a non-verbal communication medium. Situations, events or communicative actions all refer to a communication activity that reflects the gratitude of the Kasepuhan indigenous people to God Almighty over the blessings that have been given. Keywords: Kasepuhan, seren taun, ethnography of communication, communicative situation, communicative events, communicative action. 8 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat ALLAH SWT yang telah memberikan nikmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian skripsi dengan judul “Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun (Studi Etnografi Aktivitas Komunikasi Ritual Seren Taun di Kasepuhan Cisungsang)”. Skripsi penelitian ini diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana strata satu (S1) pada program studi Ilmu Komunikasi. Dalam penyelesaian penyusunan skripsi ini, tidak terlepas dari bantuan beberapa pihak. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada, 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Sholeh Hidayat, M.Pd Selaku Rektor Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. 2. Bapak Dr. Agus Sjafari, S.Sos., M.Si Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 3. Ibu Dr. Rahmi Winangsih, M.Si Selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 4. Bapak Darwis Sagita, M.I.Kom Selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 5. Bapak Prof. A. Sihabudin Selaku dosen pembimbing skripsi I yang telah membimbing penulis selama proses bimbingan sehingga skripsi ini dapat selesai. 9 6. Bapak Dr. Yoki Yusanto M.I.Kom Selaku dosen pembimbing skripsi II. Terima kasih atas masukan dan saran yang diberikan sehingga skripsi ini dapat selesai. 7. Seluruh Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Terima kasih atas ilmu yang diberikan selama ini. 8. Abah Usep Suyatma (Ketua adat Kasepuhan Cisungsang) yang telah mengizinkan penulis untuk melakukan penelitian tentang Kasepuhan Cisungsang. 9. Om Nochi (Henriana Hatra) selaku sekretaris Kasepuhan Cisungsang yang telah membantu penulis dari proses awal sampai penelitian selesai. 10. Ibu dan Bapak yang terkasih, Ibu Rohani dan Bapak Adhia. Terima kasih atas doa, kasih sayang serta dukungan yang tidak pernah berhenti. 11. Sahabat dan teman-teman yang sudah mau direpotkan. Terima kasih banyak. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi maupun penyajiannya masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, penulis menanti saran yang membangun guna kesempuraan penelitian ini. Akhir kata semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat sebagai referensi penelitian bagi pembaca. Serang, Juni 2018 Juhendi 10 DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................. PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................. iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................ iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ vi KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................... ix DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR DIAGRAM ........................................................................... xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................. xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................... xvi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Penelitian ........................................................................... 7 1.3 Identifikasi Penelitian........................................................................ 7 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 8 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................ 8 1.5.1 Manfaat Teoritis .................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................... 8 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..........................................................
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