Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519
*LXOLR&DURWWL /HRQDUGRGD9LQFL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR ,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3(5,2'2*,29$1,/( ,JUDQGLDUWLVWLQRQVRQRPDLVWDWLVROWDQWRHPLQHQWLDUFKLWHWWLRVFXOWRULR SLWWRUL EHQVu DQFKH XRPLQL GL JHQLR H WDORUD GL IDFROWj XQLYHUVDOL QRQ VROR FROWLYDURQR SDUHFFKL UDPL GHOO¶DUWH PD HEEHUR SXU VHPSUH YDVWD FXOWXUD PHQWH DOWDHSURIRQGRVHQWLUH3HUzTXDOJHQLRSLXQLYHUVDOHGL/HRQDUGRTXDOHPHQWH SLVWUDRUGLQDULDGHOODVXDHTXDOHLGHDOLWjSLVXEOLPH"(JOLFROWLYzDGXQWHPSR OHVFLHQ]HQDWXUDOLILVLFKHHPDWHPDWLFKHO¶LQJHJQHULDOHOHWWHUHODPXVLFDHOH DUWLEHOOHHWUDTXHVWHVSHFLDOPHQWHODSLWWXUDHODVFXOWXUD
6FKL]]RGLWHVWDJLRYDQLOH)UDPPHQWRGLXQGLVHJQR² 5DFFROWD:LQGVRU 1HOOHRSHUHGLSLWWXUDRGLVFXOWXUDGHJOLDUWLVWLPDJJLRULFKHULVSOHQGHWWHUR LQWRUQR DOO¶DQQR FLQTXHFHQWR GL 5DIIDHOOR GL 0LFKHODQJHOR GL 7L]LDQR GHO &RUUHJJLR SHU QRQ ULFRUGDUQH FKH L SL FHOHEUL QRL WURYLDPR DQFRUD D VEDO]L WUDFFLDGHOORVWLOHHGHOODWHFQLFDGLSLVFXROHGHOOHTXDOLHVVLIXURQRDGXQWHPSR OD VLQWHVL FRPSOHVVLYD H O¶DSRJHR H OD WURYLDPR SHUVLQR DQFRUD LQ DOFXQH GHOOH FUHD]LRQL GHOOD ORUR HWj PDWXUD ,Q /HRQDUGR FLz QRQ DYYLHQH 1HOOD VXD JLRYLQH]]DQDWXUDOPHQWHHJOLVLDVVLPLOzWXWWDODWHFQLFDHSHUVLQRORVWLOHGHOOD VFXRODILRUHQWLQDGLSLWWXUDHGLVFXOWXUDJLXQWDDOORUDDOVXRSLHQRVYROJLPHQWR VHJXu SDUWLFRODUPHQWH LO PDHVWUR VXR LO 9HUURFFKLR H VL DYYLFLQz SXU PROWR DOOD PDQLHUD GHL 3ROODLXROR H GHO %RWWLFHOL O¶DQDORJLD FROOR VWLOH GHO 9HUURFFKLR GDSSULQFLSLRIXWDOHFKHSHUFHUWHRSHUHDYYLHQHGLULPDQHUGXEELRVLVHVLDQVXHR GHO PDHVWUR PD SRL XQD YROWD LQ SLHQR SRVVHVVR GHO PH]]R PHFFDQLFR GL HVHFX]LRQH SDUWHQGR GDO SXQWR DO TXDOH O¶DYHYD FRQGRWWR LO 9HUURFFKLR PXWz SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH QRQ VROR OR VSLULWR H LQGL OR VWLOH PD SHUVLQR UDGLFDOPHQWH DQFKHODWHFQLFD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
7HVWDGL&ULVWRFRQGRWWRDOFDOYDULR² 9HQH]LD$FFDGHPLD 7XWWRFRPSUHVRGLDPPLUD]LRQHSHUOHEHOOH]]HGHOODQDWXUDVWXGLzHULWUDVVH TXHVWDFRQDPRUHVLQFHURHGHQWXVLDVWDHFRQSURIRQGRULVSHWWR*LDPPDLHJOLVL WUDWWHQQHDIDUVXRSURGHOORVWLOHGHOOHRSHUHSXUEHOOLVVLPHGLPROWLDUWLVWLVXRL FRQWHPSRUDQHLLQ)LUHQ]HHGLQ5RPDDYUjRVVHUYDWROHVFXOWXUHFODVVLFKHPDQRQ VLqPDLIHUPDWRDVWXGLDUOHFRSLDQGROHHQHSSXUHDWUDFFLDUQHLPSUHVVLRQLWXWW¶DO SL XQ SDLR GL VFKL]]L LQ GLVHJQR ULYHODQR O¶LPSUHVVLRQH GL XQ EXVWR H GL XQ EDVVRULOLHYRDQWLFKLHGLUHFKHSXUWDQWLQHDYHYDYHGXWLLQ)LUHQ]HQHOOHUDFFROWH 0HGLFHH H SXU WDQWL QH YLGH SL WDUGL LQ 5RPD 3DUUHEEH FKH HJOL QRQ VL VLD SUHRFFXSDWR DIIDWWR GHOOH FUHD]LRQL GHOO¶DUWH FODVVLFD Qp GL TXHOOH GHL VXRL FRQWHPSRUDQHLF¶q OD QDWXUD FKHqFRVu EHOOD H VXEOLPH ² VL VDUjGHWWR²FKH DSSHQD ULPDQH WHPSR H DWWLYLWj FKH EDVWLQR SHU DPPLUDUOD DFFDUH]]DUOD FROOR VJXDUGRHSHUWHQWDUHGLULSURGXUQHDOFXQLDVSHWWL1HOO¶DQLPRVXRVRUJHYDQRWDQWL VRJQL RU JUD]LRVL RU JHQLDOL RU VXEOLPL H FRPH PDQLIHVWDUOL PHJOLR FKH FROOH EHOOH]]HGHOODQDWXUD" &RVu VWXGLDQGR GDO YHUR WXWWR FLz FKH QHOOD QDWXUD OR FROSLYD LO EHOOR OR VWUDQRLOULGLFROR OD ILJXUD XPDQD LO SDHVDJJLR L ILRUHOOLQL LO ILOR G¶HUED HJOL YHQQHFRQTXLVWDQGRXQPH]]R PHFFDQLFRPHUDYLJOLRVRQRQSLGLVFXRODQpGL VLQWHVLGHOODPDQLHUDGLSLVFXROHPDXQLFRXQLYHUVDOHHSDUWLFRODUHWXWWRVXRHG
&LzQRQWRJOLHFKHLQ/HRQDUGRO¶LQIOXHQ]DGHOO¶DUWHFODVVLFDVLDSHQHWUDWDSHUYLDLQGLUHWWD HFHUWRLQJUDGRPHQRLQWHQVR FKHQHLVXRLFRQWHPSRUDQHL FROO¶LQVHJQDPHQWRGHOORVWLOHILRUHQWLQRGLTXHOWHPSRLPSDUWLWRJOLGDO9HUURFFKLR0DFRPH KRGHWWRGL/HRQDUGRQRQDYUHLSUHVHQWHFKHGXHGLVHJQLLTXDOLORQWDQDPHQWHFRQVHUYLQRXQULIOHVVRGHOO¶DUWHFODVVLFDXQD WHVWDYLULOHD7RULQRHOHGDQ]DWULFLGL9HQH]LD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
RULJLQDOH FKH SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH JOL FRQVHQWu GL HVSULPHUH FLz FKH OD VXD PHQWH SHQVDYDHIDQWDVWLFDYDWXWWRFLzFKHLOVXRDQLPRVHQWLYDHVRJQDYD (JOL q GXQTXH XQ DUWLVWD GLYHUVR 1HJOL DOWUL JUDQGL QHOOH RSHUH ORUR LQ IRQGRROWUHDOSHQVDWRUHHGDOSRHWDVLPDQLIHVWDSXUDQFKHLOWHFQLFRLQOXLQHL VXRL GLSLQWL QHL VXRL GLVHJQL q WDOH OD HVSUHVVLRQH LQWHOOHWWXDOH HG LGHDOH FKH QRQRVWDQWHODWHFQLFDPDUDYLJOLRVDciò FKHYLFROSLVFHHUDSLVFHqLOSHQVLHURHGLO VHQWLPHQWRGHOORVFLHQ]LDWRGHOILORVRIRHGHOSRHWDLOTXDOHLQYHFHGLHVSULPHUVL FROOD VFULWWXUD R FROOD SDUROD VL YDOH GHO OLQJXDJJLR GHOOH DUWL ILJXUDWLYH H FRQ TXHVWH PDQLIHVWD LO WULRQIR GHO VDSHUH H GHO VHQWLPHQWR XPDQR QHO PRPHQWR GHOO¶DSRJHRGHOODPHUDYLJOLRVDFLYLOWjLWDOLDQDGHO5LQDVFLPHQWR
6FKL]]RSHUO¶$GRUD]LRQHGHLSDVWRUL² 9HQH]LD$FFDGHPLD /¶DWWLYLWjDUWLVWLFDGL/HRQDUGRLOTXDOHHUDQDWRQHOLQ9LQFLSUHVVR (PSROLVLVYROJHLQWUHSHULRGL LO SHULRGR JLRYDQLOH R ILRUHQWLQR WUDVFRUVR LQ JUDQSDUWHQHOORVWXGLRGHO 9HUURFFKLR H FKH VL FKLXGH FROO¶DQQR TXDQGR GHOLEHUD GL DEEDQGRQDUH )LUHQ]HSHU0LODQR LOSHULRGRORPEDUGRFKHFRUUHGDOO¶DQQRLQFXLORWURYLDPRDOODFRUWH GL/RGRYLFRLO0RURDOTXDQGRDOVRSUDYYHQLUHGHOODFDWDVWURIHGHOGXFDDO SDULGL%UDPDQWHGL/XFD3DFLROLHGDOWULVLDOORQWDQD HGLOSHULRGRGHOODYLWDUDQGDJLDLQ,WDOLDD0DQWRYDD9HQH]LDD)LUHQ]H QHOOH0DUFKHULSHWXWDPHQWHD0LODQRHGD)LUHQ]HD3DYLDD%RORJQDD5RPDH ILQDOPHQWHLQ)UDQFLDRYHULGRWWRVLQHORVSLWHGL)UDQFHVFR,SDVVzWUHDQQL GLYLWDVROLWDULDFRQSRFKLDOOLHYLHILGDWLHYLFHVVzGLYLYHUHGLDQQLQHO XQDQQRSULPDFKHPRULVVH5DIIDHOOR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLRSHUO¶$GRUD]LRQHGHLSDVWRUL² 3DULJL/RXYUH *LRYLQHWWRDQFRUD/HRQDUGRIXGDOSDGUHDOORJDWRLQ)LUHQ]HSUHVVR$QGUHD GHO 9HUURFFKLR 1HOOR VWXGLR GL TXHOO¶DUWLVWD HPLQHQWH HG XQLYHUVDOH DOWUHVu QHO SRVVHVVRGHLPH]]LWHFQLFLLQTXHOODERWWHJDRYHDFFRUUHYDQRDUWLVWLILRUHQWLQLHGL DOWUHUHJLRQL FRVuLO3HUXJLQRGDOO¶8PEULD /HRQDUGRLPSDUzLOGLVHJQRODSLWWXUD HODVFXOWXUDVHJXuSDVVRSDVVRODFUHD]LRQHGHOFHOHEUHJUXSSRGL*HVH6DQ 7RPPDVRHGLSULPLVWXGLHODYRULSHUODFHOHEUHVWDWXDHTXHVWUH GHO &ROOHRQL DVVLVWHWWH SXUH DOOD IXVLRQH GL VFXOWXUH LQ EURQ]R HG D ODYRUL GL FHVHOOR H GL RUHILFHULD
6WXGLRSHUEDPELQLHJDWWL² /RQGUD%ULWLVK0XVHXP 'DO PDQRVFULWWR GL XQ DQRQLPR ILRUHQWLQR YLVVXWR QHOOD SULPD PHWj GHO VHFROR ;9, H TXLQGL FRQWHPSRUDQHR GL /HRQDUGR YHQLDPR D VDSHUH FKH TXHVWL stette da giovane col magnifico Lorenzo dei Medici,che dandoli provvisione per sè il faceva lavorare nel giardino di piazza San Marco.
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLRSHUEDPELQLHJDWWL² /RQGUD%ULWLVK0XVHXP 4XHVWR JLDUGLQR HUD XQ 0XVHR HG XQD VFXROD GL EHOOH DUWL 0XVHR FLRq GL VFXOWXUH DQWLFKH UDFFROWHYL GDL 0HGLFL H VFXROD SRLFKp /RUHQ]R GH¶ 0HGLFL QH DYHYDDIILGDWRODGLUH]LRQHD%HUWROGRDQWLFRDOOLHYRGL'RQDWHOORFROO¶LQFDULFRGL JXLGDUHGLLQVHJQDUHDLJLRYDQLDUWLVWLFKHYLYHQLYDQRDVWXGLDUH(VLFFRPHSDUH FKH TXL VL VWXGLDVVH H ODYRUDVVH SULQFLSDOPHQWH GL VFXOWXUD q OHFLWR ULWHQHUH FKH /HRQDUGRYLVLRFFXSDVVHSULQFLSDOPHQWHFRPHVFXOWRUHH/RUHQ]RLO0DJQLILFR ULPDQHQGRQHVRGGLVIDWWRJOLDFFRUGzTXHLFRPSHQVLRGRQDWLYLFKHDVVHJQDYD D FKLVWXGLDYDHSURGXFHYDPHJOLRGHJOLDOWUL 1HOHUDJLjLQVFULWWRQHOOLEURGHLSLWWRULWXWWDYLDQRQVLDOORQWDQzGDO PDHVWURSUHVVRLOTXDOHWURYDYDVLDQFRUDQHO 'L TXHVWR SHULRGR GHOOD JLRYLQH]]D SHULRGR GXUDQWH LO TXDOH XQDUWLVWDq VHPSUHFRVuIHFRQGR QRQRVWDQWHOHULFRUGDQ]HGHO9DVDULHOHWHVWLPRQLDQ]HGHJOL
1LQR6PLUDJOLD6FRJQDPLJOLRQHOODUHFHQVLRQHGHOSULPRYROXPHGHOODQXRYDHGL]LRQHGHOOHRicerche intorno a Leonardo da Vinci GL*XVWDYR8]LHOOL9HJJDVLArch. St. dell’arte SDJHVHJXHQWL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
$QJHORGL/HRQDUGRQHO%DWWHVLPRGL*HVGHO9HUURFFKLR² )LUHQ]H$FFDGHPLD VWHVVLVXRLPDQRVFULWWLRJJLQRQSRVVHGLDPRRSHUORPHQRQRQFRQRVFLDPRFKH EHQSRFKHRSHUH ,O FHOHEUH angiolo QHOOD WDYROD GHO Battesimo di Cristo GHO 9HUURFFKLR QHOO¶$FFDGHPLDGL)LUHQ]HULVSOHQGHFRPHXQEULOODQWHLQPH]]RDTXHOODSLWWXUD
/¶$QQXQFLD]LRQH² 3DULJL/RXYUH VFLHQWLILFD PD FUXGD H JLDOODVWUD WDQWD QH q OD SRHVLD LQFDQWHYROH ¶LGHDOLWj OD GLVLQYROWXUD GHOO¶DWWHJJLDPHQWR OD PRUELGH]]D GHOOD FDUQDJLRQHHODQDWXUDOH YDJKH]]DGHOFRORULWR
L’Annunciazione GHO0XVHRGHO/RXYUHqXQDWDYROHWWDSLFFLQDLQFXLHJOL JLjPDQLIHVWDWXWWRLOFDQGRUHGHOO¶DQLPRVXRHODJHQLDOLWjGHOSHQVLHURHGLJLj DYYROJHLQXQDJUDQGHDUPRQLDOHILJXUHHGLOIRQGRGLSDHVDJJLR
Il ritratto di giovane donzella GHOOD *DOOHULD /LFKWHQVWHLQ D 9LHQQD FL SUHVHQWD XQD IDQFLXOOD GL OLQHDPHQWL SXQWR EHOOL Qp LGHDOL OD TXDOH VL GLVWDFFD VRSUDXQFHVSXJOLRGLJLQHSULFKHDOODORUYROWDVLIUDVWDJOLDQRVRSUDLOIRQGRGL FLHOR H GL JUD]LRVLVVLPR SDHVDJJLR FRQ FROOL HG DOEHUHOOL ULVSHFFKLDWL QHOOH RQGH FULVWDOOLQHGLXQSLFFRORODJR'DWHPSRTXHVWRULWUDWWRHUDJLjVWDWRWLPLGDPHQWH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
5LWUDWWRGL*LQHYUD%HQFL² 9LHQQD*DOOHULD/LFKWHQVWHLQ DWWULEXLWRD/HRQDUGRGDO:DDJHQLOTXDOHSHUzDYHYDVRJJLXQWRFKHSHUORPHQR SRWHYD HVVHUH DVFULWWR DG XQR GHJOL DOOLHYL VXRL 0D SRL QHO H DQFRUD QHO LO 'RWW %RGH 'LUHWWRUH GHOOD *DOOHULD GL %HUOLQR IDFHQGRQH XQ ULSHWXWR VWXGLRDQDOLWLFRqYHQXWRDOODFRQFOXVLRQHFKHORVWLOHHODPDQLHUDVRQRGHO9LQFL HFKHSRWUHEEHGDUVLVLDTXHVWRLOVXRULWUDWWRGL*LQHYUDGH¶%HQFLULFRUGDWRGDO 9DVDUL
Un disegno di paesaggio FLSUHVHQWDORVWHVVRVHQVRGLVSRQWDQHDQDWXUDOH]]D
ÊLQQHJDELOHFKHDSULPDLPSUHVVLRQHVXELWRVLSURQXQFLDLOQRPHGL/HRQDUGRHFRVuPLDFFDGGHQHOTXDQGRSHUOD SULPDYROWDD9LHQQDPLHURWURYDWRLQDVSHWWDWDPHQWHGLQDQ]LDTXHVWRULWUDWWR0DSHUFKpDOORVWHVVRWHPSRXQGXEELRPL DVVDOuHPLDVVDOHDQFRUDHFRVLDFFDGHDSDUHFFKLVWXGLRVL"3HUFKpODILJXUDVWDFFDVXOIRQGRQRQPRUELGDPHQWHPDFRQ WDJOLRUHFLVRHSLDQFRUDSHUFKpLOWLSRGHOODIDQFLXOODqEUXWWRLOVXRVJXDUGRSULYRGLYLWDSHUFKpLQTXHOYLVRQRQVLVHQWH OD SRHVLD OD ILDPPD GL LGHOWj FKH EULOODQR QHOOH ILJXUH GHO 9LQFL 2UD DSSXQWR FRQYLHQH WHQHU FRQWR FKH VDUHEEH RSHUD JLRYDQLVVLPDGL/HRQDUGRODULWHUUHLDQWHULRUHDOODQR]]HGHOOD*LQHYUDTXLQGLWXWW¶DOSLGHOGHOWHPSRFLRqLQFXL O¶DUWLVWDIDFHYDLVXRLSULPLSDVVLVRWWRLO9HUURFFKLRFRVuUHFLVRHIHUPRQHLFRQWRUQLHTXDQG¶HJOLLO9LQFLQRQHUDDQFRU LQ JUDGR GL LGHDOL]]DUH OH VXH WHVWH FRPH IDUj SRL DOFXQL DQQL GRSR LQ TXHOOD LQWURGRWWD QHO %DWWHVLPR GHO 9HUURFFKLR '¶DOWURQGHQHOTXDGURGHOOD*DOOHULD/LFKWHQVWHLQVLULOHYDQGHLULWRFFKLHULGLSLQWXUHSRWUHEEHGDUVLFKHWRJOLHQGROLDEELD DULDSSDULUEHQGLYHUVRORVJXDUGRGHOODIDQFLXOOD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3DHVDJJLRFROODGDWD² )LUHQ]H8IIL]L GHOIRQGRGLSDHVHGHOULWUDWWRRUDULFRUGDWRqTXHOORFKHVLFRQVHUYDQHOODUDFFROWD GHJOL8IIL]LHUHFDODVFULWWDGLSXJQRGL/HRQDUGR GuGLVFD0DULDGHOODQHYH DGLG¶$JKRVWR 3HU WURYDUHXQ DOWUR GLVHJQR GDWDWR GREELDPR VFHQGHUH DO VL FRQVHUYD SXUHDOOD*DOOHULDGHJOL8IIL]LHYLYHGLDPRSDUHFFKLSURILOLGLWHVWHHVFKL]]LGL PDFFKLQH " /R VFKL]]R GL un’Adorazione dei Magi, FKH YHGLDPR QHO GLVHJQR D SHQQD GHOO¶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¶$FFDGHPLDGL9HQH]LD Y SDJH >H@ 3HUDOORUDQRQSDUHFKH/HRQDUGRQHHVHJXLVVHRSHUORPHQRLQFRPLQFLDVVHLO GLSLQWR SL WDUGL VYROVH OD FRPSRVL]LRQH GHOOD $GRUD]LRQH GHL 0DJL ,Q TXHVWL GLVHJQLHVFKL]]LQHOSLFFRORGLVHJQRDSHQQDGHOOD0DGRQQDFRO%DPELQRFKH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6FKL]]RSHUO¶$GRUD]LRQHGHL0DJL 3DULJL/RXYUH WLHQHXQJDWWR %ULWLVK0XVHXP HQHOOD$QQXQ]LD]LRQHDSSDUHORVWHVVRWLSRGHOOD 0DGRQQDXQDJLRYDQHWWDVXOFXLYLVREULOODLOVRUULVRGLXQ¶DQLPDFDQGLGDHVRDYH $ TXHVWR SHULRGR JLRYDQLOH DSSDUWLHQH LO SLFFROR JUXSSR LQ WHUUD FRWWD GHOOD Madonna col Bambino GHO 6RXWK .HQVLQJWRQ 0XVHXP FKH FRQVHUYD WXWWD OD IUDJUDQ]DGHOODLQJHQXLWjHGHOVRUULVRGHOJLjULFRUGDWRGLVHJQRGHOOD0DGRQQDFRO %DPELQRHGXQJDWWRDO%ULWLVK0XVHXP &KH/HRQDUGRPRGHOODVVHLQFUHWDHWUDGXFHVVHLQWHUUDFRWWDSLFFROHILJXUHHEXVWL OR VDSSLDPR GDO 9DVDUL H SRL GDO /RPD]]R 3RWUHEEH GDUVL FKH VLD RSHUD VXD LO JHQLDOH EXVWR LQ WHUUD FRWWD GL San Giovanni Battista GHOOR VWHVVR 0XVHR 6RXWK .HQVLQJWRQ 1HOOD HVSUHVVLRQH QHOOR VJXDUGR GL TXHOOD ILJXUD QHOOD GHOLFDWH]]D GHOOD IROWD FDSLJOLDWXUD QHOOD PRGHOOD]LRQH GHOOD FDUQDJLRQH ROWUH L FDUDWWHUL GHO 9HUURFFKLRVLVHQWRQRDOWUHVuTXHOOLGHO9LQFL YSDJ >YSDJ@ 4XDQGRDQQLVRQRXVFLURQRLSULPLIDVFLFROLGHOODRaccolta di sculture del Rinascimento, SXEEOLFDWDHGLOOXVWUDWDGDO'RWW %RGHLQXQDWDYRODFRQWHQHQWHGXHSLFFROLJUXSSLDPPLUDLFRWHVWRDVVHJQDWRDO5RVVHOOLQRHVXELWRSHQVDLD/HRQDUGR O¶HVDPHVXFFHVVLYRGHOO¶RSHUDRULJLQDOHD/RQGUDPLUDIIRU]zLQTXHVWDDWWULEX]LRQH'LSRLOHVVLFRQSLDFHUHFKHLOQRELOH 6LJ+HUEHUW&RRNqYHQXWRDOODVWHVVDFRQFOXVLRQH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
0DGRQQDFRO%DPELQRHJDWWR² /RQGUD%ULWLVK0 )UD L GLVHJQL JLRYDQLOL FRQYLHQ DQFRUD ULFRUGDUH OD PH]]D ILJXUD YLULOH GL SURILORFRQHOPRIDQWDVWLFRHFRUD]]DGHOO¶DQWLFDFROOH]LRQH0DOFROPRJJLDO
0DGRQQDFRO%DPELQRSLFFRORJUXSSRGLWHUUDFRWWD² /RQGUD6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ0XVHXP %ULWLVK0XVHXPHGLOSLFFRORGLVHJQRGHJOL8IIL]LFKHFLSUHVHQWDXQDWHVWDYLULOH GLSURILORDGHVWUDWXWWDVFDSLJOLDWD(QWUDPELFLGDQQRXQYLVRDFFLJOLDWRHVHYHUR HQWUDPELFLULFRUGDQRLOWLSRGHO%DUWRORPHR&ROOHRQLFRVLFFKpVLSXzULWHQHUHFKH /HRQDUGR DEELD IDWWR TXHVWL GLVHJQL TXDQGR HUD QHOOR VWXGLR GHO 9HUURFFKLR H YHGHYDVHJXLYDLODYRULSUHSDUDWRULGHOVXRPDHVWURSHUODJUDQVWDWXDHTXHVWUHGHO
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
FHOHEUHFRQGRWWLHUR YSDJRH >YSDJH@ ( FKL YROHVVH VHJXLUH LO JLRYDQH /HRQDUGR QHL VXRL GLOLJHQWL HG DSSDVVLRQDWL VWXGLGLWXWWHOHFRVHFK¶HJOLVFRUJHYDHGDPPLUDYDQHOODQDWXUDGLDXQ¶RFFKLDWDDO GLVHJQRGHOOD*DOOHULDGL9HQH]LDRYHYHGLDPRVWXGLSD]LHQWLGLciclamen HGDOWUL ILRUHOOLQL YSDJ >YSDJ@
6*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWDSLFFRORJUXSSRGLWHUUDFRWWD² /RQGUD6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ0XVHXP Ê SUREDELOH FKH VLQ G¶DOORUD HJOL DYHVVH FRPLQFLDWR JOL VWXGL SHU OD FHOHEUH FRPSRVL]LRQHGHOODMadonna della grotta, SHUODTXDOHDEELDPRQXPHURVLGLVHJQL PD LQ )LUHQ]H SHUz /HRQDUGR QRQ VL WURYDYD VRGGLVIDWWR HJOL VRJQDYD LPSUHVH JUDQGLRVHQRQVRORDUWLVWLFKHPDSXUDQFKHVFLHQWLILFKHHQRQWURYDYDDVFROWRH WDQWRPHQRLQFRUDJJLDPHQWRHGDLXWR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3(5,2'20,/$1(6( ,QTXHOFRORVVDOHYROXPHLQFXLIXURQUDFFROWLFRVuQXPHURVLVXRLGLVHJQLHIRJOL VFULWWLFKHFKLDPDVL&RGLFH$WODQWLFRHGqQHOOD%LEOLRWHFD$PEURVLDQDVL
%XVWRGLJXHUULHUR² /RQGUD%ULWLVK0XVHXP YSDJ >YSDJ@ FRQVHUYDODPLQXWDGHOODOHWWHUDFKHHJOLLQGLUL]]zD/RGRYLFRLO0RURFKHDOORUD UHJJHYDOR6WDWRGL0LODQRDQRPHGHOQLSRWHHQHOODTXDOHVLYDQWDGLVDSHU 6LGXELWzXQPRPHQWRFKHTXHVWDOHWWHUDIRVVHYHUDPHQWHGL/HRQDUGRQRQHVVHQGRVFULWWDFRQTXHOFDUDWWHUHDURYHVFLR FKHRVVHUYDVLLQTXDVLWXWWLLVXRLPDQRVFULWWLPDOR6PLUDJOLD6FRJQDPLJOLRKDFKLDULWRFKH/HRQDUGRDYHYDGXHFDOOLJUDILH GLYHUVH O¶XQD FRQYHQ]LRQDOH DEEUHYLDWD DUELWUDULD H URYHVFLD FKH HJOL XVDYD QHL VXRL DSSXQWL O¶DOWUD VFLROWD FKLDUD H FRQIRUPHDOO¶XVRFRPXQHFKHXVDYDQHOOHOHWWHUHGLUHWWHDWHU]LHVSHFLDOPHQWHDSHUVRQHGLULJXDUGR )5$1&(6&26)25=$ FRQ%LDQFD0DULD9LVFRQWLP GXFDGL0LODQR
$VFDQLR ,SSROLWD *DOHD]]R0DULD /XGRYLFRLO0RUR &DUGLQDOH FRQ$OIRQVR,, GXFDGL0LODQR UHJJHQWH G $UDJRQD FRQ%RQDGL6DYRLDP GXFD UHGL1DSROL FRQ%HDWULFHG (VWHP
)UDQFHVFR,, *LRY*DOHD]]R %LDQFD0DULD &DWHULQD 0DVVLPLOLDQR « GXFDGL0LODQR FRQ,VDEHOOD FRQ FRQ*LDFRPR5LDULR GXFDGL0LODQR GXFDGL0LODQR G $UDJRQD 0DVVLPLOLDQR, VLJQRUHGL)RUOu FRQ&ULVWLQDGL GXFDGL0LODQRVRWWROD LPSHUDWRUH 'DQLPDUFD WXWHODGHOOR]LR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
FRVWUXLUH RSHUH GL LQJHJQHULD LGUDXOLFD H IRUWLILFD]LRQH GL DYHU LQYHQWDWR PDFFKLQHHFRQJHJQLGDJXHUUDGLWHUULELOHHIIHWWRHIDPHQ]LRQHGLWDQWHDOWUH
6WXGLRGLWHVWD² 5DFFROWD2[IRUG FRQTXLVWHVFLHQWLILFKHHSRLLQXOWLPRFRPHGLFRVHDFFHVVRULHVRJJLXQJHFKHVD SXUHULJHUHHGLILFLDUFKLWHWWRQLFLGLSLQJHUHHPRGHOODUHHFKHVLVHQWLUHEEHGLIDUH ODVWDWXDHTXHVWUHFKHHVVR'XFDGDWHPSRYXROGHGLFDUHDOSDGUHVXR)UDQFHVFR 6IRU]D
6WXGLRGLILRUL² 9HQH]LD$FFDGHPLD /RGRYLFR LO 0RUR HUD LO SULQFLSH FKH SRWHYD GHVLGHUDUH FRPSUHQGHUH HG DSSUH]]DUH/HRQDUGR/HRQDUGRHUDO¶DUWLVWDSURYYLGHQ]LDOHSHUTXHOORVSOHQGLGR HGDPEL]LRVRVLJQRUH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
$ 0LODQR RYH JLj OR WURYLDPR QHO /HRQDUGR VL WUDWWHQQH SHU EHQ GLFLDVVHWWH DQQL H VL SXz GLUH FKH TXHVWR SHULRGR IX VFLHQWLILFR H QDWXUDOLVWD 6FLHQWLILFRSHUFKpVHEEHQHHJOLDEELDODYRUDWROXQJDPHQWHDWWRUQRDOOD&HQDHG DOODVWDWXDHTXHVWUHGL)UDQFHVFR6IRU]D GHOODTXDOHQRQFLULPDQJRQRFKHPROWL GLVHJQL GL VFKL]]L H GL VWXGL SUHSDUDWRUL H VHEEHQH FRQVWL FKH ROWUH OH SRFKH SLWWXUHFKHGLTXHVWRWHPSRULPDQJRQRDOWUHQHDYHVVHHVHJXLWHSXUHqFHUWRFKH JUDQGLVVLPD SDUWH GHO VXR WHPSR HJOL SDVVz DVVRUWR QHOOH VXH LQYHQ]LRQL QHOOH ULFHUFKH H QHJOL VWXGL VFLHQWLILFL FRQGHQVDWL LQ FHQWLQDLD H FHQWLQDLD GL IRJOLHWWL FRSHUWL GL TXHOOD VFULWWXUD PLQXWD URYHVFLD H GLIILFLOLVVLPD GD LQWHUSUHWDUH H GL LQILQLWL GLVHJQL G¶RJQL JHQHUH WUD L TXDOL SHUz DFFDQWR D VWXGL GL PDFFKLQH GL SUREOHPLGLJHRPHWULDGLILVLFDHFFHFFEULOODQRDQFKHDPPLUDELOLWHVWHHILJXUH HG DSSDLRQR VFKL]]L GL JHQLDOL H IDQWDVWLFKH FRPSRVL]LRQL 1DWXUDOLVWDqSXU TXHVWR SHULRGR SHUFKp YHGLDPR FKH QHOOH VXH SLWWXUH H GLVHJQLVHQ]DSHUGHUH DIIDWWRDOFXQFKHGHOODVXDLQQDWDSRHVLDLGHDOHVLDYYLFLQDVHPSUHSLDOODQDWXUD H VXELVFH O¶LQIOXHQ]D GHOOR DPELHQWH ORPEDUGR DPPRUELGHQGR VHPSUH PDJJLRUPHQWH L FRQWRUQL H OD PRGHOOD]LRQH GHOOH VXH ILJXUH 4XHVWH GLIDWWL VHEEHQHSXUVHPSUHGLVHJQDWHFRQVDSLHQWHSUHFLVLRQHWXWWDYLDDYROWHDSSDLRQR FRPHWDQWHYLVLRQLVWUDRUGLQDULHOHTXDOLHPHUJRQRGDOO¶DULDFKHOHDYYROJHHIIHWWR FKHVLQGDJLRYDQHHJOLYDJKHJJLDYDSHUQDWXUDOLQFOLQD]LRQHHFKHRUDODJUDVVD DWPRVIHUDORPEDUGDJOLSUHVHQWDYDGLFRQWLQXR (GRUDSRVVLDPRWHQWDUHGLGHOLQHDUHLFDUDWWHULGHOODPDQLHUDGL/HRQDUGR 1HOOHVXHSLWWXUHSHUTXDQWRRJJLVLDQRPHQRQXPHURVHGHOOHGLWDGLDPEHOH PDQLHQHLVXRLGLVHJQLVLDQRUDSLGLVFKL]]LDSHQQDRSD]LHQWLVWXGLDSHQQDD SXQWDG¶DUJHQWRSHQQDHWLQWDDFTXDUHOODWDRFDUERQHHELDFFDVHPSUHVLDPPLUD XQDVWUDRUGLQDULDSUHFLVLRQHHGHOLFDWH]]DGLVHJQRIRUPHGLXQDHYLGHQ]DGLXQ WRQGHJJLDUH H GL XQD PRGHOOD]LRQH LQVXSHUDELOL FKL Y¶KD FKH SL GL OXL VDSSLD PRGHOODUH OH WHVWH H OH PDQL FRQ WDQWD SHUIH]LRQH H VFLHQ]D DQDWRPLFD VHQ]D SHUGHUHJLDPPDLODQRELOWjHODHOHJDQ]D(JOLKDLQROWUHULVROWRJOLXOWLPLSUREOHPL GHOFKLDURVFXURHGHOULOLHYRqULXVFLWRDIDUWRQGHJJLDUHOHFDUQDJLRQLDGDEROLUHL FRQWRUQLVHFFKLHUHFLVLDYYROJHQGRFRPHGLVVLOHVXHILJXUHQHOO¶DWPRVIHUDFLz FKHL)UDQFHVLFKLDPDQRDSSXQWRbaigner une figure dans l’atmosphère; ODORUR FDUQDJLRQHqPRUELGDHWUDVSDUHQWHHVHPSUHGLGHOLFDWH]]DSHUIH]LRQHHULOLHYR PDUDYLJOLRVLO¶DULDUHVSLUDELOHFLUFRODQHOO¶DPELHQWHLQFXLYLYRQR $QFKH LO VXR FRORULWR KD SUHJL QXRYL JUDQGLVVLPL SHU OD QDWXUDOH]]D GHOOD LQWRQD]LRQHSHUO¶DUPRQLDHODGHOLFDWH]]DSHUODSHUFH]LRQHGLFHUWLFRORULHGL FHUWHWLQWHPDVVLPHGLTXHOOHOLOODFHHFKHULYHODQRLQ/HRQDUGRXQDVHQVLELOLWj YLVLYDDOORUDWXWW¶DOWURFKHFRPXQHGLIDWWLQRQODULWURYLDPRFKHLQSRFKLVVLPLDOWUL SLWWRULGLTXHOWHPSRDQFK¶HVVLGLVWUDRUGLQDULDVHQVLELOLWjQHUYRVDLO6RGRPDLO &RUUHJJLRH/RUHQ]R/RWWRDGHVHPSLR
6HFRQGR6DEED&DVWLJOLRQL/HRQDUGRDWWHVHSHUEHQVHGLFLDQQLDOODVXDVWDWXDHTXHVWUHHFLRqGDODO*LjQHO O¶DYUHEEHJHWWDWDLQFUHWDPDSRLO¶DYUHEEHULFRPLQFLDWDXQDVXDQRWDPDQRVFULWWDGLFHà di 23Aprile ricominciai il cavallo HFLzQHOO¶DQQRHFDVuQHODYUHEEHJHWWDWRLQFUHWDTXHVWRVHFRQGRPRGHOOR*OLDQQLVXFFHVVLYLVLQRDOOD ILQHGHOOLDYUHEEHVSHVLQHJOLVWXGLSUHSDUDWRULSHUODIXVLRQH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6FKL]]RGHOULWUDWWRGL%DUWRORPHR&ROOHRQL"² )LUHQ]H8IIL]L YSDJ >YSDJ@ *LXGLFDQGRDQFKHVROWDQWRGDOOHSRFKHRSHUHFKHGLOXLFLVRQRSHUYHQXWHSHU OH TXDOL WXWWDYLD SRVVHGLDPR LQQXPHUHYROL VFKL]]L H VWXGL LQ GLVHJQR SRVVLDPR ULFRQRVFHUHFK¶HJOLqXQDUWLVWDHFFH]LRQDOHDOWUHVuSHUXQDIDFROWjHGXQDSRWHQ]D FKH GLIILFLOPHQWH VL ULVFRQWUDQR LQ DOWUL DUWLVWL H JLDPPDL LQ FRVu DOWR JUDGR DWWUDYHUVR JOL LQILQLWL H OXQJKL VWXGL SHU XQD FRPSRVL]LRQH H GXUDQWH OD VXD HVHFX]LRQHHJOLQRQSHUGHPDLODIUHVFKH]]DGHOODSULPDLPSUHVVLRQHHODJHQLDOLWj GHOODSULPDLQYHQ]LRQHTXHVWHYLEUDQRULVSOHQGRQRDQFRUDQHOODVWHVVDLQWHQVLWj QHOO¶RSHUDGHILQLWLYDHFRPSLXWD
6WXGLRGLWHVWDPXOLHEUH² 5DFFROWD:LQGVRU
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
$JJLXQJDVL FKH HJOL VHSSH FRQVHJXLUH OD LQWLPD H SHUIHWWD XQLRQH DUPRQLD IXVLRQH GHOOH ILJXUH FRO IRQGR VLD SXU GL SDHVH HG LQILQH FKH WRFFz DO SL DOWR JUDGRODSRWHQ]DGLGDUHO¶HVSUHVVLRQHGHOWHPSHUDPHQWRGHOOHVXHILJXUHGHOORUR SHQVLHUR H GHO ORUR DQLPR QRQ JLj FKH HJOL FHUFDVVH HVSUHVVDPHQWH GL GDUH HVSUHVVLRQHDOOHPHGHVLPHJOLYHQLYDGLGDUHTXHVWDQDWXUDOPHQWHHVHQ]DULFHUFD SHUFKp HJOL SHQHWUDYD SURIRQGDPHQWH QHOOR VSLULWR GL WXWWH OH FRVH GL WXWWH OH FUHD]LRQLGHOODQDWXUDHTXLQGLWDQWRSLQHJOLLQWLPLUHFHVVLGHOO¶DQLPRXPDQR 3UREDELOPHQWHFRPHGLVVLJLjLQ)LUHQ]HHJOLDYHYDFRPLQFLDWRLOTXDGURGHOOD Madonna della grotta, DOTXDOHDWWHVHSRLLQ0LODQR ,Q XQD JURWWD GL URFFLH GRORPLWLFKH WDSSH]]DWH GL SLDQWH UDPSLFDQWL ² GDO VXROR ULFRSHUWR GL PXVFKLR H GL ILRUL H FKH VTXDUFLDWD QHO IRQGR ODVFLD LQWUDYHGHUH DOWUH UXSL H FRUVL G¶DFTXD ² ORQWDQL GDO PRQGR LQ GROFH TXLHWH VWDQQR OD 0DGRQQD LO %DPELQR 6DQ *LRYDQQLQR HG XQ $QJHOR /D0DGRQQD q LQJLQRFFKLDWDHPHQWUHFROODVLQLVWUDDO]DWDIDDWWRGLSURWHJJHUHLO'LYLQILJOLR FROOD GHVWUD DFFRJOLH H WUDWWLHQH DG XQ WHPSR LO 6DQ *LRYDQQLQRFKH LQJLQRFFKLDWRVL OXL SXUH D PDQL JLXQWH OR DGRUD ,O %DPELQR VHGXWR D WHUUD VL ULDO]DDOTXDQWRVRUUHWWRGDOO¶DQJHORHULVSRQGHEHQHGLFHQGR,OIRQGRGHOODJURWWD HGHOSDHVDJJLRPHUDYLJOLRVRSHUIDQWDVWLFDLQYHQ]LRQHqSHUzWXWWRFRPSRVWRGL HOHPHQWLVFHOWLHWUDWWLFRQIHGHOWjGDOYHUR&ROODUHDOWjHODSRHVLDGHOODQDWXUDLO 9LQFLqVDOLWRDGXQDFUHD]LRQHVXEOLPH
6WXGLSHUOD0DGRQQDGHOOD*URWWD² 5DFFROWDGHOGXFDGL'HYRQVKLUHLQ&KDWVZRUWK0XWD/qRQDUG
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
'LTXHVWDLQYHQ]LRQHVWUDRUGLQDULDSHUJHQLDOLWjHSRHVLDDEELDPRSHUFRVuGLUH GXHHGL]LRQLXQDQHO0XVHRGHO/RXYUHD3DULJLO¶DOWUDQHOOD*DOOHULDGL/RQGUD /D FRPSRVL]LRQH q LGHQWLFD LQ HQWUDPEH OH GLIIHUHQ]H SRFKH QRQ FRVu O¶HVHFX]LRQH
6WXGLSHUOD0DGRQQDGHOOD*URWWD² 9HQH]LD$FFDGHPLD 1HOODWDYRODGL3DULJLQRQRVWDQWHO¶DQQHULPHQWRHOHSURIDQD]LRQLGLXQYHFFKLR UHVWDXUR DEELDPR XQ¶RSHUD WXWW¶LQWHUD GHOOD PDQR GL /HRQDUGR H FRQGRWWD FRQ JUDQGLVVLPDSHUIH]LRQH6XOYLVRGHOOD0DGRQQDDQFRUPROWRJLRYDQLOH VFRUJLDPRFRPHXQYHORGLVRDYHPDOLQFRQLDLOVXRVJXDUGRGROFHHVHQWLPHQWDOH qSXUHWXWWDJUD]LDDPDELOHHGLQJHQXD,O%DPELQRHGLO6DQ*LRYDQQLQRQHOOHORUR WHVWHJUD]LRVHQHLORURFRUSLILQLKDQQRGHLSUHJLLQFRPSDUDELOLGLPRUELGH]]DH GLGHOLFDWH]]D3DUWLFRODUHFKHFROSLVFHVLQGDOSULPRVJXDUGRHFKHQRQULVFRQWUDVL QHOO¶DOWUDSDODqO¶DWWHJJLDPHQWRGHOO¶$QJHORLOTXDOHFROEUDFFLRGHVWURDO]DWRH ODPDQRHO¶LQGLFHWHVLDFFHQQDDO6DQ*LRYDQQLQR 1HOODWDYRODGL/RQGUD²RYHDEELDPRWXWWHOHILJXUHDOTXDQWRSLJUDQGL² FRPSRVL]LRQHHGLVHJQRVRQRFRPHJLjGLVVLLQGXEELDPHQWHGL/HRQDUGRPDOD SLWWXUDQRQULVXOWDWXWWDTXDQWDGLVXDPDQROD0DGRQQDVSHFLDOPHQWHHGLOIRQGR FLRqODJURWWDHORVIRQGRGLSDHVDJJLR VRQRVWDWLGLSLQWLDFRUSRDQ]LFKpD 1HO KR SRWXWR IDUH XQR VWXGLR PLQXWR GL HQWUDPEH OH WDYROH D TXDUDQWRWW¶RUH GL LQWHUYDOOR SDVVDQGR FROOD LPSUHVVLRQH IUHVFD GD 3DULJL D /RQGUD 1RQ DYUz PDL SDUROH VXIILFLHQWL GL ULQJUD]LDPHQWR SHU OD FRUWHVLD H OD FRQGLVFHQGHQ]DXVDWDPLSULPDGDOFKLDUSURI$QGGUp0LFKHOXQRGHL&RQVHUYDWRULGHO0XVHRGHO/RXYUHHSRLGD6LU (GZDUG3R\QWHUO¶LOOXVWUH3UHVLGHQWHGHOOD5R\DO$FDGHP\H'LUHWWRUHGHOOD1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
/D0DGRQQDGHOOD*URWWD² 3DULJL/RXYUH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
/D0DGRQQDGHOOD*URWWD² /RQGUD1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
YHODWXUH H GD XQ DUWLVWD GL JUDQ OXQJD LQIHULRUH $OO¶LQFRQWUR O¶$QJHOR HG L GXH %DPELQL *HV H *LRYDQQLQR EULOODQR ULVSOHQGRQR QXRYDPHQWH SHU OD LQVXSHUDELOHPHUDYLJOLRVDHVHFX]LRQHGL/HRQDUGR/¶$QJHORFKHTXLQRQKDSL LOEUDFFLRGHVWURDO]DWRHODPDQRHO¶LQGLFHWHVLKDXQDWWHJJLDPHQWRGHOFRUSRHG XQD OHJJLHUD LQFOLQD]LRQH GHOOD WHVWD GL EHQ PDJJLRUH QDWXUDOH]]DHVSRQWDQHLWj 1RQGLVFRUULDPRSRLGHOODHVSUHVVLRQHLGHDOHGHOODEHOOH]]DLQFRPSDUDELOHHGHOOD VWXSHQGDHVHFX]LRQHGLTXHVWDWHVWDQRQF¶qFKHOD*LRFRQGDFKHOHSDVVLLQQDQ]L SHUHVSUHVVLRQHPDOD*LRFRQGDQRQqSLLQWDWWDHODWHVWDGHOO¶$QJHORGHOODSDOD GL/RQGUDORqDQFRUD4XLSRVVLDPRFRQWHPSODUHDQFRUDXQSH]]RGLSLWWXUDGL /HRQDUGRSHUIHWWDPHQWHFRQVHUYDWR
/¶$QJHORGHOODSDODGL/RQGUD 4XDOH HGL]LRQH q OD SULPD" TXDOH OD SL DQWLFD" /R VWLOH GHOOH GXHSLWWXUHq GLYHUVR QHOOD SDOD GHO /RXYUH VL VHQWH DQFRUD TXHOOR DIILQH DO 9HUURFFKLR DO %RWWLFHOOLHFFLQTXHOODGL/RQGUDDEELDPRXQIDUHPROWRSLODUJRDWWHJJLDPHQWL DQFRU SL GLVLQYROWL QDWXUDOH]]D DQFRUD PDJJLRUH q HYLGHQWH OR VYROJLPHQWR GHOO¶DUWHGHOJUDQGHPDHVWURFKHVLDYYLFLQDDVVDLSLDOORVWLOHFKHHJOLUDJJLXQVH QHOODVXDCena.
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&RPH H SHUFKp OD SDOD FKH RUD VL WURYD D /RQGUD QRQ VLD VWDWD FRQGRWWD D FRPSLPHQWRWXWWDTXDQWDGD/HRQDUGRHTXDOHVLDVWDWRLOFROODERUDWRUHVLqYHQXWR DVDSHUHDOFXQLDQQLVRQRPHUFpODVFRSHUWDGL(PLOLR0RWWDGHOODVXSSOLFDGLUHWWD GD HQWUDPEL D /RGRYLFR LO 0RUR /D &RQIUDWHUQLWD GHOOD &RQFHVVLRQHSUHVVROD &KLHVD HG LO &RQYHQWR GL 6 )UDQFHVFR LQ 0LODQR DYHYD SDVVDWR RUGLQD]LRQH D /HRQDUGRGD9LQFLHGDOSLWWRUH$PEURJLR'H3UHGLVGLXQWULWWLFRFLRqGLXQD WDYROD FROOD 0DGRQQD HG LO %DPELQR H GL GXH WDYROH ODWHUDOL FRQ GXH ILJXUH GL $QJLROLPXVLFDQWLO¶RSHUDGRYHYDHVVHUHDGRUQDGLXQDULFFDFRUQLFHLQWDJOLDWDH GRUDWD
$QJLROLPXVLFDQWL 6SRUWHOOLODWHUDOLGHOODSDODGHOOD0DGRQQDGHOOD*URWWDGHOOD1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\GL/RQGUD /HRQDUGR GLVHJQz L GXH $QJLROL GHJOL VSRUWHOOL H QH DIILGz OD SLWWXUD DO 'H 3UHGLVLQWDQWRHJOLDYHYDFRPLQFLDWRODSDODULSHWHQGRYLLQILJXUHDOTXDQWRSL JUDQGLODMadonna della grotta; PDGRSRGLDYHUQHGLSLQWRO¶$QJHORLO%DPELQR *HVHTXDVLLQWHUDPHQWHLO6DQ*LRYDQQLQRQRQDQGzSLROWUHHODVFLzFKHLO'H 3UHGLV WHUPLQDVVH O¶RSHUD VXD , IUDWL H JOL VFRODUL GHOOD &RQIUDWHUQLWD FKH SUREDELOPHQWH DYHYDQR YHGXWR QHOOR VWXGLR GL /HRQDUGR OD SULPD SLWWXUD GHOOD Madonna della grotta HTXLQGLQHOO¶RSHUDIDWWDSHUORURQRQULWURYDYDQRODILJXUD GHOOD9HUJLQHGLFRVuLQFDQWHYROHEHOOH]]DHPHUDYLJOLRVDSHUIH]LRQHYROOHURGDUQH XQSUH]]RLQIHULRUHDOSDWWXLWR 'LTXLO¶LVWDQ]DGHLGXHDUWLVWLD/RGRYLFRLO0RURLOFXLLQWHUYHQWRIXHIILFDFH SRLFKp GDO 7RUUH VDSSLDPR FKH O¶RSHUD IX SRL FROOORFDWD QHOOD FKLHVD GL 6DQ )UDQFHVFR *UDQGH H FKH QHO VL YHGHYD DQFRUD QHOOD FDSSHOODGHOOD $PEURJLR'H3UHGLVHUDSLWWRUHGL&RUWHqVXRLOULWUDWWRGL%LDQFD0DULD6IRU]DFRQVHUYDWRGDOFKLDU6LJQRU/LSSXUDQQD %HUOLQRHFRVuSXUHLOULWUDWWRGHOVXRFRQVRUWHO¶LPSHUDWRUH0DVVLPLOLDQRQHOOD*DOOHULD,PSHULDOHD9LHQQD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
,PPDFRODWD9HUVRODILQHGHOVHWWHFHQWRQRQVLWURYDYDSLDOVXRSRVWRHUDVWDWD SRUWDWDLQ,QJKLOWHUUDGRYHSDVVDQGRSXUVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHLQGXHUDFFROWH DOOD *DOOHULD 1D]LRQDOH /H GXH ILJXUH GL $QJLROL GHOOH WDYROH ODWHUDOL FKH DOOD FKLXVXUD GHOOD FKLHVD QHOOD LPPLQHQ]D GHOOD GHPROL]LRQH HUDQRHQWUDWHQHOOD UDFFROWD 0HO]L GL UHFHQWH QHO UDJJLXQVHUR D /RQGUD QHOOD *DOOHULD 1D]LRQDOHODWDYRODFHQWUDOH
6WXGLR² 7RULQR%LEOLRWHFDGL60LO5H Il ritratto di Cecilia Gallerani, ULFRUGDWR GD VFULWWRUL GHO tempo, FKH OR GLFKLDUDQRGL/HRQDUGRHVLVWHWXWWRUD$OSUHVHQWHVLWURYDD&UDFRYLDQHO0XVHR IRQGDWRGDO3ULQFLSH&]DUWRULVNLLOTXDOHO¶DYHYDWHQXWRSHUSDUHFFKLDQQLD3DULJL /DJLRYLQHGDPDqUDSSUHVHQWDWDGLIURQWHLQPH]]DILJXUDFROODWHVWDULYROWDD GHVWUDGLFKLRVVHUYDHWLHQHIUDOHEUDFFLDXQDIDLQD,OTXDGURqSXUWURSSRPROWR SURIDQDWRGDULGLSLQWXUHWXWWDYLDQHOODFDUQDJLRQHGHOYLVRGHOSHWWRHVRSUDWXWWR GHOOD PDQR GHVWUD YL VRQR DQFRUD L SUHJL LQVXSHUDELOL GHOOD PRGHOOD]LRQH GL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
/HRQDUGRODWHVWDGHOODIDLQDqWXWWRFLzFKHVLSXzLPPDJLQDUHGLSLYHURHGLSL VWUDQRGLSLSHUIHWWRHGLSLRULJLQDOH
5LWUDWWRGL&HFLOLD*DOOHUDQL² &UDFRYLD*DOOHULD&]DUWRULVNL 'LVJUD]LDWDPHQWHWXWWRLOIRQGRGHOTXDGURqULGLSLQWRFRVLFFKpQHULPDQJRQLPPHVFKLQLWLHSHUVLQQDVFRVWLLFRQWRUQL HVWHUQL GHOO¶LQWHUD ILJXUD H YLHQH SHU WDO PRGR D PDQFDUH OD PRUELGH]]D H OD IXVLRQH FRVu FDUDWWHULVWLFKH LQ /HRQDUGR ULGLSLQWHVRQSXUHOHYHVWLHO¶DFFRQFLDWXUDGHOFDSRFKHYLHQDJLUDUVRWWRLOPHQWRHSRLDQFRUDLQDVWULFKHSDVVDQVXOOD IURQWHHODFROODQDGLJURVVL JUDQLDQFKHLOFRQWRUQRGHOODPDQRGHVWUDHJUDQSDUWHGHOFRQWRUQRGHOODIDLQDVRQULSDVVDWL &RVuVLVSLHJDLOVLOHQ]LRVXTXHVW¶RSHUDGHO9LQFLQHOODTXDOHSHUzORVWLOHGHOVRPPRSLWWRUHDSSDUHWXWWDYLDHYLGHQWHSHUOD YLWDFKHVFRUUHQHOODILJXUDGHOOD*DOOHUDQLHGHOO¶DQLPDOXFFLR/DFDUQDJLRQHSRLQHOYLVRQHOSHWWRHQHOODPDQRGHVWUD KDQQRDQFRUJUDQGLSUHJLGLPRGHOOD]LRQHDQ]LODPDQRQRQRVWDQWHDEELDLOFRQWRUQRULSDVVDWRqGHOODVROLWDSHUIH]LRQH DQDWRPLFDFRQJLXQWDDOODGHOLFDWH]]DHPRUELGH]]DIHPPLQLOHFKHDPPLUDVLQRQVRORQHLTXDGULGHO9LQFLPDDQFKHLQ SDUHFFKLVXRLGLVHJQL :LQGVRUILJLQ0OOHU:DOGHH7DYROD;;;,,,LQ,35LFKWHU 4XHVWDPDQRGDVRODEDVWDD ULYHODUH/HRQDUGRHSUREDELOPHQWHXQDSUXGHQWHULSXOLWXUDGLWXWWDODWDYRODFLUHVWLWXLUHEEHO¶LQWHURULWUDWWRWXWWRGHOVXR SHQQHOOR$JJLXQJHUzXQ¶DYYHUWHQ]DTXLOD&HFLOLD*DOOHUDQLFLDSSDUHJLRYDQHHVRWWLOHGLSHUVRQDLOFKHFRQFRUGDFRQ TXDQWRHVVDVFULYHLQULVSRVWDDG,VDEHOOD*RQ]DJDLO$SULOHHFLRqFKHLOULWUDWWRQRQOHUDVVRPLJOLDSLSHUFKpIDWWR TXDQG¶HVVDHUDDQFRUDJLRYLQHWWD ,QILQHVSLHJKHUzSHUFKpTXHVWRVLDLOULWUDWWRGHOOD*DOOHUDQL$QQLVRQRDGXQ¶DVWDGHOOD,PSUHVDGLYHQGLWDGHOO¶,QJ *HQROLQLLQ0LODQRIXURQRYHQGXWHGXHWDYROHWWHGHOODILQHGHOFLQTXHFHQWRRGHOSULQFLSLRGHOVHLFHQWROHTXDOLDYHYDQ GRYXWRIDUSDUWHGLXQDVHULHGLULWUDWWLGLEHOOH]]HIHPPLQLOL,QXQDHUDGLSLQWDXQDGDPDGDLOLQHDPHQWLPROWRFRQFRUGDQWL FROULWUDWWRGHOODUDFFROWD&]DUWRULVNLHLQDOWRSRUWDYDODOHJJHQGDCecilia Gallerani! (EELODIRUWXQDGLSRWHURWWHQHUHGL IDPHODIRWRJUDILD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLGLPDQL² %LEO'L:LQGVRU /D SL LPSRUWDQWH RSHUD ODVFLDWD LQ 0LODQR GD /HRQDUGR H DG XQ WHPSR OD PDJJLRUHHSLYDVWDFUHD]LRQHFKHGLTXHVWRJUDQJHQLRFLVLDULPDVWDqOD&HQD GHO 5HGHQWRUH FRJOL $SRVWROL GHWWD FRPXQHPHQWH il Cenacolo, QHOO¶DQWLFR UHIHWWRULRGHOFRQYHQWRGHL'RPHQLFDQLD6DQWD0DULDGHOOH*UD]LH6LYXROHFKH YL DEELD ODYRUDWR VHGLFL DQQL FLRq GXUDQWH WXWWR LO WHPSR GHOOD VXD GLPRUD LQ 0LODQRQDWXUDOPHQWHRUWUDODVFLDQGRRUULSUHQGHQGRLOODYRURÊFHUWRFKHSHU IDUHRSHUDFRVuSHUIHWWDHFRVuSURIRQGDPHQWHVHQWLWDHUDJLRQDWDHWDQWRSLFRO VXRPHWRGR/HRQDUGRGRYHWWHSURFHGHUHOHQWLVVLPDPHQWHHTXLQGLGHGLFDUYLPROWL HPROWLDQQL(JOLYLIHFHSUDWLFDDSSOLFD]LRQHGHOODVXDSURIRQGDRVVHUYD]LRQHGHO YHUR GHJOL HVWHVL VXRL VWXGL VFLHQWLILFL H GHO VXR VWHVVR WUDWWDWR VXOOD SLWWXUD /R VWXGLR GHOOD QDWXUD XPDQD H O¶RVVHUYD]LRQH SVLFRORJLFD JOL FRQVHQWLURQR GL GDUH XQDVLQFHUDHVXEOLPHHVSUHVVLRQHGHOVHQWLPHQWRXPDQR/DQDWXUDOH]]DHOD
,O9DVDULVWHVVRQHOODVXDYLWDGL/HRQDUGRSDUODGHOODOHQWH]]DFRQFXLSURFHGHYDLOODYRURGHOOHODJQDQ]HGHOSULRUHH GHOOHVROOHFLWD]LRQLGHOGXFD5LFRUGHUzFKHLO%DQGHOORQHOODGHGLFDGHOOD/9,,VXDQRYHOODD*LQHYUD5DQJRQD*RQ]DJD QDUUDFKH©quando Leonardo dipingeva il miracoloso e famosissimo Cenacolo VROHYDVSHVVRDQGDUODPDWWLQDDEXRQ¶RUDH PRQWDUVXOSRQWHSHUFKpLO&HQDFRORqDOTXDQWRGDWHUUDDOWRVROHYDGLFRGDOQDVFHQWHVROHVLQRDOO¶LPEUXQLWDVHUDQRQ OHYDUVLPDLLOSHQQHOORGLPDQRPDVFRUGDWRVLLOPDQJLDUHHGLOEHUHGLFRQWLQXRGLSLQJHUH6HQHVDUHEEHSRLVWDWRGXHWUH RTXDWWURGuFKHQRQY¶DYUHEEHPHVVRPDQRHWXWWDYLDGLPRUDYDWDORUDXQDRGXHRUHGHOJLRUQRHVRODPHQWHFRQWHPSODYD FRQVLGHUDYD HW HVDPLQDQGR WUD OH VXH ILJXUH JLXGLFDYD /¶KR DQFR YHGXWR VHFRQGR LO FDSULFFLR R JKLULEL]]R OR WRFFDYD SDUWLUVL GD PH]]R JLRUQR TXDQGR LO VROH q LQ OLRQH GD FRUWH YHFFKLD RYH TXHO VWXSHQGR FDYDOOR GL WHUUD FRPSRQHYD H YHQLUVHQHGULWWRDOOH*UD]LHHWDVFHVRVXOSRQWHSLJOLDULOSHQQHOORHWXQDRGXHSHQQHOODWHGDUHDGXQDGLTXHOOHILJXUHHWGL VXELWRSDUWLUVLHWDQGDUHDOWURYHª
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR RGHOFRQYHQWRGHOOH*UD]LH /D&HQD² 0LODQR5HIHWWRUL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
YHULWj VHPSOLFH VSRQWDQHD FKH WXWWRUD HPDQDQR GD TXHVW¶RSHUD QRQRVWDQWH OH URYLQDWHVXHFRQGL]LRQL FRQIHULVFRQRDWXWWDODVFHQDHGDOOHVLQJROHILJXUHXQD HVSUHVVLRQH FRVu HIILFDFH GL VROHQQLWj H GL HPR]LRQH FKH DQFKH XQ VHPSOLFH FRQWDGLQRSXzFRPSUHQGHUQHLOVRJJHWWRHSXzLQWXLUHHSURYDUH WXWWRTXDQWR LO SLWWRUHYROOHGLUHHIDUVHQWLUH4XLQRQRFFRUUHVFKLDULPHQWRDOFXQRQpFRPPHQWR GLVRUWD
*HV² 3DUWLFRODUHGHOOD&HQD0LODQR5HIHWWRULRGHOOH*UD]LH $O SULPR RVVHUYDUH SDUUj VWUDQR FKH /HRQDUGR FRVL IHGHOH VHJXDFH GHOOD QDWXUDOH]]D DEELD UDSSUHVHQWDWD OD Cena GLVSRQHQGR DQFRUD VHFRQGR O¶DQGD]]R WUDGL]LRQDOH WXWWL TXDQWL L SHUVRQDJJL DO GL Oj GHO WDYROR H TXLQGL OXQJR XQ ODWR VROR(SSXUHTXLVLIIDWWDGLVSRVL]LRQHqSLHQDPHQWHFRQIDFHQWHDOODQDWXUDOH]]D SRLFKp VLDPR QHO 5HIHWWRULR HG LO 5HGHQWRUH H JOL $SRVWROL VWDQQR DO WDYROR G¶RQRUH FKH IRUPD IHUUR GL FDYDOOR FROOH GXH OXQJKH ILOH ODWHUDOL GHL WDYROL GHL IUDWLHGLIIHUHQ]LDVROWDQWRGDTXHVWLWDYROLSHUFKpVLWURYDFROORFDWRSLLQDOWR DQFKH SHU PDJJLRUH RQRUH H VL LQWHQGH FKH VL LPPDJLQDYD GL SRWHU DFFHGHUYL PHGLDQWHGXHJUDGLQDWHDGHVWUDHVLQLVWUD *HVVWDQHOPH]]RJOL$SRVWROLDGLVWDQ]DULVSHWWRVDIRUPDQR DWUHDWUH TXDWWURJUXSSLGXHSHUSDUWH/DOLQHDJHQHUDOHGHOODFRPSRVL]LRQHQHOFRQWRUQR VXSHULRUH GHOOH PDVVH q VLQXRVD IRUPD FLQTXH RQGXOD]LRQL FKH GDQQR YLWD YLEUD]LRQH/DGLYHUVDLQFOLQD]LRQHGHLFRUSLGHJOL$SRVWROLO¶DWWHJJLDPHQWRHGLO
2UGLQHGHOOHILJXUH%DUWRORPHR*LDFRPRPLQRUH$QGUHD*LXGD3LHWUR*LRYDQQLGesù, *LDFRPRPDJJLRUH 7RPPDVR)LOLSSR0DWWHR7DGGHR6LPRQH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
PRYLPHQWRGHOOHEUDFFLDGHOOHPDQLUHFDQRO¶LPSUHVVLRQHGHOODDJLWD]LRQHGHJOL DQLPLHSHUFRQWUDVWRLQPH]]RDORURLO5HGHQWRUHqFDOPR (JOLKDGLVWHVHOHEUDFFLDHGDSHUWHOHPDQLVXOWDYRORLQDWWRGLUDVVHJQD]LRQH LOFDSRqOHJJHUPHQWHLQFOLQDWRVXOODVSDOODVLQLVWUDWXWWRLQOXLHVSULPHLOGRORUH UDVVHJQDWR GL FKL YRORQWDULDPHQWH VL DEEDQGRQD D YLWWLPD ( FROSLWR FRPH GLFH 6WHQGKDOGDXQDGHOOHPDJJLRULVYHQWXUHXPDQHLOWUDGLPHQWRGHOO¶DPLFL]LD +DDSSHQDILQLWRGLSURQXQFLDUHOHSDUROHuno di voi questa sera mi tradirà: KD DQQXQFLDWR OD VYHQWXUD LPPLQHQWH H JOL $SRVWROL VL WXUEDQR VLFRPPXRYRQR VL DJLWDQRSDUGLVHQWLUHLOPRUPRULRHGLQPH]]RDTXHVWRDO]DUVLDOFXQHYRFLFKH HVFODPDQRGRORURVDPHQWHLOORURVWXSRUHHSURWHVWDQR *LRYDQQLO¶$SRVWRORFKHqYLFLQRD*HVVHFRQGRLOVXRWHPSHUDPHQWRGROFH HGHVWDWLFRVLDFFDVFLDVLDEEDQGRQDDOO¶DPDUH]]DFKHWRVWRUHQGHUjHVDXVWHOHVXH IRU]H
*OL$SRVWROL3LHWUR*LXGDH*LRYDQQL² 3DUWLFRODUHGHOOD&HQD $QFKH QHJOL DOWUL $SRVWROL O¶HVSUHVVLRQH q D VHFRQGD GHO WHPSHUDPHQWR GL FLDVFXQR H O¶LQWHQVLWj GHOO¶HPR]LRQH GHOOR VWXSRUH GHO GRORUH GHOOD SURWHVWD YLEUDHFDPELDLQUDJLRQHGHOODGLVWDQ]DGDOSRVWRFKHRFFXSDLO5HGHQWRUHFRPH XQ¶RQGDVRQRUDFKHPDJJLRUPHQWHVLIDVHQWLUHSLqYLFLQDDOSXQWRLQFXLqVWDWD SURGRWWDHYDGHJUDGDQGRSLVHQHDOORQWDQD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&RVu QHO SULPR JUXSSR D GHVWUD GL *HV YHGLDPR 3LHWUR FKH KD VHQWLWR FKLDUDPHQWHLPSHWXRVRTXDQWRLOVXRFDUDWWHUHHJOLVLDO]DHGRPDQGDD*LRYDQQL FKLPDLVDUjLOWUDGLWRUHHLQWDQWRLVWLQWLYDPHQWHDIIHUUDLOFROWHOOR(JOLQRQGXELWD PDLSLGLHVVHUHSURSULRYLFLQRDGGRVVRDOWUDGLWRUH 1HO SULPR JUXSSR DVLQLVWUD GL *HV *LDFRPR PDJJLRUH DOODUJD OH EUDFFLD H GLFH6LJQRUHQRQLRFHUWRYLWUDGLUz'LHWURDOXL7RPPDVRULWWRDO]DO¶LQGLFHH GLFKLDUD GXELWDUH FKH FLz PDL SRVVD DFFDGHUH )LOLSSR SXUH VL q DO]DWR HG DGGRORUDWRIDODVXDSURIHVVLRQHGLIHGH
*OL$SRVWROL0DWWHR7DGGHRH6LPRQH² 3DUWLFRODUHGHOOD&HQD 3RL YHQJRQR L JUXSSL HVWUHPL %DUWRORPHR FKH VWD D FDSR GHOOD WDYROD GDOOD SDUWH GHVWUD GL *HV QRQ KD FDSLWR EHQH VSHUD GL DYHU IUDLQWHVR VL DO]D SHU FRPSUHQGHUHPHJOLRHYLFLQRDOXL*LDFRPRLOPLQRUHVFUXWDFROORVJXDUGRSHU VHQWLU PHJOLR DQFKH OXL LO YHFFKLR $QGUHD VWXSHIDWWR DOODUJD OH PDQL $O SXQWR RSSRVWRDFDSRWDYRODLOYHFFKLR6LPRQHGRPDQGDFKHF¶qFKHqDYYHQXWRHSDU FKH 7DGGHR VWLD SHU ULVSRQGHUJOL FRQ YRFH FXSD PD HFFR 0DWWHR FKH JULGD SL IRUWHHJHVWLFRODQGRJOLULSHWHOHSDUROHGHO0DHVWUR *LXGDLQWDQWRFKHDEELDPRJLjVFRUWRYLFLQRD3LHWURH*LRYDQQLWLHQHVWUHWWD FROOD GHVWUD OD ERUVD H GLVWHQGH LO EUDFFLR VLQLVWUR DSSRJJLD OD PDQR VXO WDYROR FROOHGLWDFRQWRUWHFRPHVHYROHVVHUHDJLUHSDUHXQDILHUDULQWDQDWDHFLUFRQGDWD FKH VHQWH GL QRQ SRWHU VIXJJLUH (JOL SRUWD LO FRUSR H OD WHVWD LQGLHWUR H WUD OR VWXSRUHHODFRQIXVLRQHWDUGDILVVDPHQWH&ULVWRFRPHVHLQVpGLFHVVHcome può gli mai indovinar il mio tradimento? ,OVXRWLSRqEUXWWRDSDUDJRQHGHJOLDOWUL $SRVWROL LO VXR FHIIR QHUR VHOYDJJLR HVSULPH OD SHUYHUVLWj PDOYDJLD *OL VFULWWRULGHOWHPSRUDFFRQWDQRFKHSHUWURYDUTXHVWRWLSR/HRQDUGRDEELDGRYXWR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLRSHUODWHVWDGL*LXGD² %LEOL'L:LQGVRU UHFDUVL PROWH YROWH QHO %RUJKHWWR H WUDWWHQHU YLVL OXQJDPHQWHTXHOORHUDLO TXDUWLHUHRYHVLWURYDYDQOHWDYHUQHIUHTXHQWDWHGDOODJHQWHGLPDODIIDUH &RVuFUHz/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLO¶LQVXSHUDELOHFDSRODYRURFKHqSXUXQDVLQWHVL GHOO¶DUWHGHO0HGLR(YRHGHO5LQDVFLPHQWRFDSRODYRURQHOTXDOHODSLWWXUDQRQq VWDWDFKHXQPH]]RVHQVLELOHFRPHODPXVLFDRODSDURODVFULWWDSHUHVSULPHUHOD VROHQQLWjHO¶HPR]LRQHGHOSLJUDQGUDPPDFKHVHJQDODILQHGHOPRQGRDQWLFRH ODYHQXWDGHOPRQGRPRGHUQR
*HV² 3DUWLFRODUHGHOOD&HQDGL3RQWH&DSULDVFD ,QSDUHFFKLHGHOOH&HQHGLSLQWHSULPDGLTXHOODGL/HRQDUGRODILJXUDGL*LXGDqFROORFDWDLQGLVSDUWHDOGLTXDGHO WDYRORSHUVHJQDUHFRQHYLGHQ]DFKHVHEEHQHDQFRUD$SRVWRORHFRPPHQVDOHHUDXRPRPDOYDJLRSHUYHUVRGLSURSRVLWLH GL RSHUDGHO WXWWRLQ RSSRVL]LRQH DJOL DOWUL VXRL FRPSDJQL HYLIX XQ LVWDQWH LQ FXL DQFK¶HVVR /HRQDUGR HEEH ORVWHVVR SHQVLHUR FRPH YHGLDPR LQ XQRGHLVXRL GLVHJQL DOO¶$FFDGHPLD GL 9HQH]LD PD SRL ULQXQFLz D YDOHUVL GL XQPH]]R FRVu PDWHULDOH FRPSUHVH FKH HUD FROO¶HVSUHVVLRQH VROD H QRQ FRO SRVWR RFFXSDWR FKH O¶DQWLWHVL GRYHYD VSULJLRQDUVL IRVVH SXU HQHUJLFDPHQWH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
/DWUDGL]LRQHYXROHFKH/HRQDUGRDYHVVHODVFLDWRLPSHUIHWWDODWHVWDGL&ULVWR QRQRVWDQWHLOOXQJRSHQVLHURHGLWHQWDWLYLVRJQDQGRLQYDQRODbellezza e celeste grazia della divinità incarnata. 6WDLOIDWWRSHUzFKHODWHVWDIXGDOXLFRPSLXWDPD SUREDELOPHQWHFROO¶LQWHQ]LRQHGLULIDUODGDWRFKHJOLULHVFLVVHGLDGGLYHQLUYLQHO PRGR LPPDJLQDWR LQWDQWR VWUHWWR GDOOD GLIILFROWj FRPLQFLz D YDOHUVL GHO WLSR WUDGL]LRQDOH GHOOD DQWLFD VXD VFXROD ILRUHQWLQD GDQGROH SHUDOWUR O¶HVSUHVVLRQH GL GROFH PHVWL]LD H VXEOLPH UDVVHJQD]LRQH &RWHVWR WLSR FKH FL q FRQVHUYDWR QHOOH FRSLHDQWLFKHPLJOLRULTXDOLTXHOODGHO6RODULRJJLQHOORVWHVVRUHIHWWRULRHTXHOOD GL 3RQWH &DSULDVFD SUHVVR /XJDQR q LO WLSR FKH YHGLDPR QHOOH RSHUH GHO 9HUURFFKLR H ULSHWXWR GD /RUHQ]R GL &UHGL nell’Apparizione di Cristo alla Maddalena HQHONoli me tangere GHOOD*DOOHULDGHJOL8IIL]L 1HOOD*DOOHULD%UHUDVLFRQVHUYDXQGLVHJQRFRQWRFFKLGLSDVWHOORFKHGLVROLWR YLHQDVVHJQDWRD/HRQDUGRHULWHQXWRVWXGLRVXRSHUODWHVWDGHO5HGHQWRUHVHQRQ FKH QRQ p GL /HRQDUGR H QRQ p QHSSXU FRSLD GL XQ VXR VWXGLR SHU OD WHVWD GHO 5HGHQWRUH LQ TXHVWD &HQD %DVWD FRQIURQWDUOR FROOD 0DGRQQD H %DPELQR GHOOD VWHVVDVDOHWWD Q SHUSHUVXDGHUVLFKHTXLDEELDPRORVWLOHLOIDUHHODWHFQLFD GL &HVDUH GD 6HVWR LO TXDOH VL HUD DVVLPLODWH DVVDL EHQH DOFXQH GHOOH TXDOLWj HVWHULRUL GHOOR VWLOH GL /HRQDUGR H FH QH Gj XQ¶HPDQD]LRQH DEEDVWDQ]D YLYD LQ TXHVWRJUD]LRVRGLVHJQRQHOTXDOHSHUDOWURHJOLGLPRVWUDSXUHGLQRQHVVHUVWDWR LQ JUDGR GL UDJJLXQJHUH OD SRWHQ]D GHO VDSHUH DQDWRPLFR H GHOOD LQVXSHUDELOH SUHFLVLRQHGHOOHIRUPHGHOVRPPRVXRPDHVWUR3HUTXDQWRSRLODWHVWDGL&ULVWR QHOOD &HQD GL /HRQDUGR VLD PROWR JXDVWD WXWWDYLD OD VL GLVFHUQH DEEDVWDQ]D SHU VFRUJHUHFKHLOWLSRQHqEHQGLYHUVRGDTXHOORGHOGLVHJQRLQSDUROD 3HU HVHJXLUH OD VXD Cena FRQ WXWWD FDOPD H SHUIH]LRQH /HRQDUGR O¶DYHYD GLSLQWDDWHPSHUDDQ]LFKpDEXRQIUHVFR3HUODQDWXUDVWHVVDGLWDOHWHFQLFDSHUOH FRQGL]LRQLGHOPXURVXOTXDOHLOGLSLQWRIXHVHJXLWRHFKHQHULPDVHLOGHSRVLWDULR HSHUOHFRQGL]LRQLGHOO¶DPELHQWHGHO5HIHWWRULRHGHOFOLPDGL0LODQRDVVDLSUHVWR SXUWURSSRO¶RSHUDFRPLQFLzDGHSHULUH3LWDUGLODPDQRGHOO¶XRPRIHFHLOUHVWR 3RFKL DQQL GRSR QHO TXDQGR /HRQDUGR YLYHYD DQFRUD JLj OD SLWWXUD GHOOD &HQD SUHVHQWDYD VHJQL GL GHSHULPHQWRFHQHODVFLDQRWL]LD'RQ$QWRQLR'H%HDWLV QHOOD VXD UHOD]LRQH VXO YLDJJLR GHO &DUGLQDOH /RGRYLFR G¶$UDJRQD $SSHQD WUDVFRUVL WUHQW¶DQQL O¶$UOXQR JLj RVVHUYDYD FRPH FDVR VLQJRODUH FKH la pittura vivesse ancora; QHO O¶$UPHQLQR OD GLFHYD JLj PH]]D JXDVWD LO 9DVDUL QHO O OD FKLDPDYD PDFFKLD DEEDJOLDWD LO /RPD]]R
QHO O ODPHQWDYD SXUH OR VWUDQR VLVWHPD FRO TXDOH HUD &DULFDWXUD² 9LHQQD$OEHUWLQD VWDWDHVHJXLWD3LWDUGLLO&DUGLQDOH)HGHULFR%RUURPHRIHFHWUDUUHGDO9HVSLQR FRSLD GHOOD SDUWH VXSHULRUH GHOOH ILJXUH DSSXQWR SHU VDOYDUQH OD PHPRULD QRQ GXELWDQGRGHOFRQWLQXRSURJUHVVLYRVXRGHSHULPHQWR
1HOVHFRQGRPLRFDWDORJRGHOOD*DOOHULD%UHUDXVFLWRQHO 0LODQR/RPEDUGL%HOOLQ]DJKL QRQKRSRWXWRUHVLVWHUH DODFRQYLQ]LRQHPLDHGKRDVVHJQDWRVHQ]¶DOWURTXHVWRGLVHJQRD&HVDUHGD6HVWR2UDYHJJRFRQVRGGLVID]LRQHFKHOD 'LUH]LRQHGHOOD*DOOHULDKDJLjFRPLQFLDWRDIDUDJJLXQJHUHQHOFDUWHOOLQRXQSXQWRG¶LQWHUURJD]LRQHDOQRPHGL/HRQDUGR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
1HOL'RPHQLFDQLYROHQGRLQJUDQGLUHODSRUWD G¶DFFHVVR DO UHIHWWRULR WDJOLDURQR EDUEDUDPHQWH L SLHGLGL*HVHGHJOL$SRVWROLFKHJOLVRQRSLYLFLQL 3RLFRPLQFLDURQRLSULPLULWRFFKLLQGLLUHVWDXUL 1HOXQWDO%HOORWWLFKHVLYDQWDYDGLXQVHJUHWR FKLXVH OD &HQD FRQ XQ DVVLWR H OD ULSDVVz WXWWD 8Q DOWURLQGLYLGXRGLQRPH0D]]DQHOODUDVFKLz HG LPSLDVWUz LO /RQGRQLR 3UHVLGHQWH GHOO¶$FFDGHPLD GL %UHUD H OR =DQRMD H O¶$VSDUL SURWHVWDURQRJDJOLDUGDPHQWHHULXVFLURQDVDOYDUHOH
'LVHJQR² 0LODQR$PEURVLDQD XOWLPHWUHILJXUHGL0DWWHR7DGGHRH6LPRQH 1HO O¶HVHUFLWR IUDQFHVH RFFXSDYD WXWWL L FRQYHQWL LO JLRYDQH JHQHUDOH %RQDSDUWHRUGLQzIRVVHULVSHWWDWRLOUHIHWWRULRGHOOH*UD]LHLOFKHQRQLPSHGuFKH SRFRGRSRXQDOWURJHQHUDOHORFRQYHUWLVVHLQXQDVWDOOD1HOVRSUDYYHQQHUR QXRYLGDQQLGLXQ¶LQRQGD]LRQH 1HOO*LXVHSSH%RVVLLOFHOHEUHSLWWRUHHUXGLWRHVHJUHWDULRGHOO¶$FFDGHPLD LQGXVVHLO%HDXKDUQDLVDSURYYLGHGLVSRVL]LRQLSHUTXDQWRHFFHVVLYDPHQWHWDUGLYH 0DQXRYLUHVWDXULSURIDQDURQRDQFRUDLO&HQDFRORQHOQHOQHOH QHO H FRVu VHJXLWz O¶DOWHUQDUVL GL WHQWDWLYL ILQFKH LQ TXHVWL XOWLPL DQQL OD 'LUH]LRQHGHOO¶XIILFLRUHJLRQDOHGLFRQVHUYD]LRQHGHLPRQXPHQWLGHOOD/RPEDUGLD VWXGLz HG DWWXz WXWWL TXHL SURYYHGLPHQWL FKH HUDQR XPDQDPHQWH SRVVLELOL VHQ]D PHWWHUHXOWHULRUPHQWHOHPDQLVXTXHVWDUHOLTXLDFLRqULVDQzLOORFDOHULDSUHQGROH ILQHVWUH DQWLFKH UHVWLWXHQGR OD FLUFROD]LRQH GHOO¶ DULD ULIDFHQGR LO SDYLPHQWR H VRSUDWXWWR LVRODQGR LO URYHVFLR GHO PXUR VXO TXDOH LO &HQDFROR q GLSLQWR OLEHUDQGRORGLWXWWHOHLPSXULWjFKHYLVLDGGRVVDYDQRHFHUFDQGRGLSURVFLXJDUOR 2UDSDUHVLSUHVHQWLRSHUORPHQRVLWHPDXQQXRYRSHULFRORFKHODSLWWXUDD FDJLRQH GHOOR VWHVVR ULPHGLR FLRq GHOOD FRQVHJXuWD VLFFLWj GHOO¶DPELHQWH VL SROYHUL]]L H YLHQ IDWWR GL GRPDQGDUH TXDQWH JHQHUD]LRQL DQFRUD SRWUDQQR LQWUDYHGHUHLO&HQDFRORGL/HRQDUGR $O SUHVHQWH SHU TXDQWR TXHVWR FDSRODYRUR VLD YHODWR GDOOH SURIDQD]LRQL FULYHOODWRGLEXFKLSHOFRORUHFDGXWRDYYROWRLQXQDQHEELDJULJLDVWUDYLVRQRGDWL PRPHQWLHGHWHUPLQDWHFRQGL]LRQLLQFXLTXDVLFLULDSSDUHFRPHLQXQVRJQR1HOOD EXRQDVWDJLRQHGXUDQWHLOSRPHULJJLRVSHFLDOPHQWHGRSROHGXHTXDQGRLUDJJL GHOVROHSHQHWUDQRGDLILQHVWURQLODWHUDOLHGLQRQGDQRLOUHIHWWRULRLO&HQDFRORFKH SULPD DSSDULYD WDQWR ORQWDQR VH YL WUDWWHQHWH DOTXDQWR VLOHQ]LRVL UDFFROWL WXWWL LQWHQWL QHOO¶RVVHUYDUH SRFR SHU YROWD VL YLHQ GHOLQHDQGR LQ PH]]R DOO¶DWPRVIHUD G¶RUR SRFR SHU YROWD OH ILJXUH VL GLVWDFFDQR ULYLYRQR QHOOD YLYDFLWj GHL ORUR PRYLPHQWLQHOODYLEUD]LRQHGHOODORURHPR]LRQHHGqFRVuIRUWHO¶LPSUHVVLRQHFKH ULHVFRQRDIDUYLFKHOHVR]]XUUHOHTXDOLSULPDFHOHQDVFRQGHYDQRSDVVDQRGLHWUR TXDVL VL GLOHJXDQR 6DUj XQD VXJJHVWLRQH PD XQD VXJJHVWLRQH RULJLQDWD GDOOD SRWHQ]D FKH VHSSH FRQGHQVDUH WDQWD HPR]LRQH LQ TXHOOD FUHD]LRQH LQWHUD H QHOOH VLQJROH ILJXUH H YH OD ODVFLz FRVu LQWHQVD FKH RJJL DQFRUD HPDQD GDOO¶RSHUD H SHQHWUDQHOO¶DQLPRGLFKLUDFFROWRODFRQWHPSODOXQJDPHQWH /HFRSLHGHO&HQDFRORFRPLQFLDURQRDGDSSDULUHSUHVWLVVLPRHPROWHQXPHURVH SHUVLQRSRFKLDQQLGRSRFKHO¶RSHUDHUDVWDWDHVHJXLWDHQRQVRORYLYHQWHDQFRUD O¶DUWLVWDPDJLjTXDQGRHJOLHUDQXRYDPHQWHLQ0LODQR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
1HO 5HIHWWRULR VWHVVR LQ TXHVWL XOWLPL DQQL QH IXURQR ULXQLWH SDUHFFKLH H IUD TXHVWHODSLLPSRUWDQWHGLWXWWHOHFRSLHFKHVLFRQRVFDQRHIRUV¶DQFKHXQDGHOOH SULPH H OD SL YLFLQD DOO¶RULJLQDOH VHEEHQH UHFKL GHOOH YDULDQWL DG HVHPSLR QHO IRQGR DO GL Oj GHOOH ILQHVWUH H VRSUDWXWWR QHO FRORULWR 4XHVWR H LO IDUH GHOOD PRGHOOD]LRQHQHDGGLWDQRDXWRUH$QGUHD6RODULHGLVXDPDQRVRQRSUREDELOPHQWH LFDUWRQLGHLEXVWLGHJOL$SRVWROLFRQVHUYDWLD:HLPDU $OORUDVLXVDYDGLVHJQDUHGLQDQ]LDOO¶RULJLQDOHLOFRPSOHVVRGHOODFRPSRVL]LRQH HWDOYROWDVLIDFHYDQFRPHQHOFDVRGHO6RODULLFDUWRQLJUDQGLGHOOHVLQJROHWHVWH DOWUD VHULH GL FRWHVWL FDUWRQL GHOOH WHVWH GHJOL $SRVWROL VL WURYD QHO 0XVHR GL 6WUDVVEXUJR PDSRLDOFRORULWRDOO¶HIIHWWRGHOODLQWRQD]LRQHSDUHFKHVLEDGDVVH SRFR6LQRUDDQFKHQHOOHPLJOLRULFRSLHQRQqDFFDGXWRGLWURYDUHXQFRORULWRFKH SRVVDGDUFLO¶HIIHWWRGLTXHOORGHOO¶RULJLQDOHQRQYLVLDYYLFLQDQRQHSSXUHTXHOOH GHJOLDOOLHYLRVHJXDFLGLUHWWLGL/HRQDUGRDGHVHPSLRODFRSLDJLjQHO5HIHWWRULR GHOOD&HUWRVDGL3DYLDFKHVHFRQGRDOFXQLVDUHEEHGL0DUFRG¶2JJLRQRHVHFRQGR DOWULGL*LDQ3HWULQRHGRJJLYHGHVLDOO¶$FFDGHPLDGL/RQGUDHTXHOODFKHWURYDVL QHO0XVHRGHO/RXYUHSXUHGLXQOHRQDUGHVFR6HQHDOORQWDQDSRLGHOWXWWR VL LQWHQGHVHPSUHGDOFRORULWR XQ¶DOWUDFRSLDDQWLFDJLjULFRUGDWDFKHqQHOODFKLHVD SDUURFFKLDOHGL3RQWH&DSULDVFDSRFROXQJLGD/XJDQRLOVXRFRORULWRqYHQH]LDQR VFKLHWWRSDUGLYHGHUHLOODYRURGLXQVHJXDFHGL3DROR9HURQHVHHSSXUHqIDWWD FRQGLOLJHQ]DHGDQ]LQHOODILJXUDGL&ULVWRSUHVHQWDSUREDELOPHQWHODSLIHGHOH ULSURGX]LRQH H TXHVWD IX IDWWD VHQ]D GXEELR GD XQ FDUWRQH HVHJXLWRGLQDQ]LDO FDSRODYRURGHO9LQFLYLWURYLDPRODEHOOH]]DHODLGHDOLWjGHOSHQVLHURHGHOORVWLOH GLTXHO*UDQGH(TXHVWDqXQDIRUWXQDWDQWRPDJJLRUHLQTXDQWRFKHQHOOHVHULH GHLFDUWRQLGL:HLPDUHGL6WUDVVEXUJRPDQFDLOFDUWRQHGHOODWHVWDGL&ULVWRGHOOD TXDOHQRQDEELDPRQpORVFKL]]RGL/HRQDUGR HGLVXDPDQRDEELDPRDOO¶LQFRQWUR SDUHFFKL VWXGL GHJOL $SRVWROL Qp FRSLH LQ GLVHJQR GL TXDOVLDVL DUWLVWD FRQWHPSRUDQHRRGLSRFRSRVWHULRUH 'LIURQWHDOOD&HQDVXOODJUDQ&URFLILVVLRQHGHO0RQWRUIDQRGHODLFDSL LQIHULRULGLHVVD/HRQDUGRDYHYDGLSLQWRi ritratti di Lodovico il moro col figlio Massimiliano e di Beatrice d’Este sua consorte col figlio Francesco. 9DVDULFKH IXD0LODQRHGHUDTXDQWRPDLLQJUDGRGLULFRQRVFHUQHORVWLOHHODPDQLHUDOL GLFHVXRLHGHVHJXLWLGLYLQDPHQWH3XUWURSSRGLTXHOOHILJXUHRJJLQRQDEELDPR SLFKHODPDVVDJUDQGLRVDHODUJDWXWWDELDQFKLFFLD SHUFKpQHqVFRPSDUVRTXDVL LQWHUDPHQWHLOFRORUH HO¶HIIHWWRJHQHUDOHGLDWWHJJLDPHQWLQRELOLHGLVLQYROWLQHOOD VWHVVD FRPSRVWH]]D GHOOH ILJXUH PDJJLRUL PD ULPDQH QLHQW¶DOWUR QHSSXU SL LO FRQWRUQRTXHVWRqVWDWRULSDVVDWRFRQSHQQHOODWHELJLHJURVVRODQHHGRSDFKH Il gruppo della S. Anna, FLRq GL 6 $QQD FROOD 0DGRQQD HG LO %DPELQR IX WUDWWDWRGD/HRQDUGRLQGXHVXFFHVVLYHFRPSRVL]LRQLGLYHUVH'LXQDDEELDPRLO FDUWRQHHQRQLOTXDGURGHOO¶DOWUDLOTXDGURHQRQSLLOFDUWRQH ,FULWLFLG¶DUWHLQJOHVL0DUNVH&RRNVRQRDUULYDWLDOOHVHJXHQWLFRQFOXVLRQL
(UD QHO FRQYHQWR GL &DVWHOOD]]R SUHVVR 0LODQR UHJDODWD DOO¶$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL 0LODQR GDO 6LJ &ULVWRIRUR %HOORWWLQHOIXVHJDWDGDOPXURHWUDVSRUWDWDD0LODQRHGHVSRVWDD%UHUDRYHULPDVHVLQRDSRFKLDQQLVRQRTXDQGRLO &RPP%HUWLQL'LUHWWRUHDOORUDGHOOD3LQDFRWHFDODIHFHGLVWDFFDUHHWUDVSRUWDUHVXOODWHODHSRLPDQGROODDO5HIHWWRULRHG RUYHGHVLYLFLQDDOOD&HQDGL/HRQDUGR 0 0DUNV ne1l’Atheneuml GHO )HEEUDLR /RQGUD +HUEHUW &RRN QHOOD Gazzette des Beaux Artz GHO 3DULJL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
$QWHULRUPHQWHDOO¶DQQR/HRQDUGRDYUHEEHIDWWRLQ0LODQRLOFDUWRQHGHOOD SULPDFRPSRVL]LRQHQHOODTXDOHqUDSSUHVHQWDWD6DQW¶$QQDFKHKDVXOOHSURSULH JLQRFFKLDOD0DGRQQDHTXHVWDWLHQHDOODVXDYROWDLO%DPELQRLOTXDOHEHQHGLFH 6DQ*LRYDQQLQRYHQXWRJOLGDSSUHVVR,OFDUWRQHQRQPDLWUDGRWWRLQTXDGURGDO PDHVWURIXLPLWDWRXQDYROWDVRODHFRQPROWDIHGHOWjGDO/XLQLLOTXDOHQHIHFH XQ TXDGUR DJJLXQJHQGRYL SHUz OD ILJXUD GL 6 *LXVHSSH ,O FDUWRQH GL /HRQDUGR RJJLWUDYDVLDOOD5R\DO$FDGHP\GL/RQGUDHLOTXDGURGHO/XLQLD0LODQRQHOOD *DOOHULDGHOO¶$PEURVLDQD 6DUHEEHXQVHFRQGRFDUWRQHHGLYHUVRTXHOORFKH/HRQDUGRIHFHQHOLQ )LUHQ]HGLHWURFRPPLVVLRQHGHL6HUYLWLGHOTXDOH9DVDULSDUODFRQHQWXVLDVPRH FKHWXWWD)LUHQ]HDFFRUVHDFRQWHPSODUHFDUWRQHFKHSRLDYUHEEHSRUWDWRVHFRD 0LODQRRYHLQXRYLVXRLDOOLHYLORFRSLDURQRQHLSDUHFFKLGLSLQWLVSDUVLLQ(XURSD LQ JDOOHULH SXEEOLFKH H SULYDWH ,Q TXHVWD VHFRQGD FRPSRVL]LRQH DEELDPR 6DQW¶$QQDFKHWLHQHDQFRUDVXOOHJLQRFFKLDOD9HUJLQHPDLO%DPELQRqDWHUUDHVL WUDVWXOODFRQXQDJQHOOLQRLO6*LRYDQQLQRQRQF¶qSL /HRQDUGRDTXDQWRULWHQJRGDOFDQWRPLRGRYHYDDYHUFRPLQFLDWRHIRUVHIDWWR FRQWLQXDUH GDL VXRL DOOLHYL H VRWWR L SURSUL RFFKL LO GLSLQWR GL TXHVWD VHFRQGD FRPSRVL]LRQHHTXDQGRQHODEEDQGRQDWDO¶,WDOLDVLUHFzLQ)UDQFLDRVSLWHGL )UDQFHVFR , SRUWz VHFR LO FDUWRQH H OD SDOD FKH LO UH GHVLGHUDYD GL SRVVHGHUH FRPSLXWD'LIDWWLLO&DUGLQDOHG¶$UDJRQDFKHJLjORYLVLWzQHOO¶2WWREUHGHOO¶DQQR VXFFHVVLYRQHO&DVWHOORGL&ORX[SUHVVR$PERLVHYLGHQHOVXRVWXGLRWUHTXDGULGL OXLXQULWUDWWRGLJHQWLOGRQQDXQ6DQ*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWDHXQRGHOD0DGRQQDHW GHOILJOLXRORFKHVWDQSRVWLLQJUHPPRGH6DQFWD$QQDHQRQHUDFHUWDPHQWHLQ DOFXQLPHVLFKH/HRQDUGRHGXQVXRDOOLHYRDYUHEEHURSRWXWRHVHJXLUHODSLWWXUD 0RUWR/HRQDUGRQHOLOVXRDOOLHYRHGDPLFR)UDQFHVFR0HO]LSRUWzD0LODQR QXRYDPHQWH LO FDUWRQH H OD SDOD /D SDOD DFTXLVWDWD QHO GDO FDUGLQDOH 5LFKHOLHX WRUQz DQFRUD LQ )UDQFLD HG RJJL q QHO 0XVHR GHO /RXYUH GHO FDUWRQH GRSRLOQRQVLKDQQRSLQRWL]LH /DWDYRODGHO/RXYUHqXQDYHUDSDODG¶DOWDUHHTXLQGLVDUHEEHLOGLSLQWRFKH /HRQDUGRDYUHEEHGRYXWRHVHJXLUHSHUL6HUYLWLGL)LUHQ]H1HOOHFRQGL]LRQLLQFXL RJJLTXHVW¶RSHUDVLWURYDqPROWRGLIILFLOHLOJLXGLFDUHVHHTXDQWDSDUWHYLVLDGL PDQRGHOJUDQGH0DHVWURGLYHUDPHQWHEHOORQRQDSSDUHFKHODWHVWDVRUULGHQWHGL 6DQW¶$QQD QHO SDHVDJJLR GHO IRQGR PROWR ULFFR GL SDUWLFRODUL FRPH TXHOOR GHOO¶$GRUD]LRQHGHL0DJLDJOL8IIL]LFLSUHVHQWDDOEHULDQDORJKLDSSXQWRDTXHOOL GLTXHVWRJUDQGHDEER]]RHGXQODJRFKHVLDGDJLDLQPH]]RDUXSLIDQWDVWLFKH ,OFDUWRQHGHOOD5R\DO$FDGHP\GL/RQGUDFKHFLGjXQDFRPSRVL]LRQHGLYHUVD UHFDPHQRO¶DVSHWWRPRQXPHQWDOHGLXQDIXWXUDSDODG¶DOWDUHPDDOO¶LQFRQWURqGL XQDJUDQGLRVLWjGLVWLOHGLJUDQOXQJDVXSHULRUHDOODFRPSRVL]LRQHRURUDULFRUGDWD 6XOOHJLQRFFKLDGL6$QQDHGLQDWWHJJLDPHQWRGLIIHUHQWHVLHGHOD0DGRQQDOD TXDOHWLHQHLO%DPELQRLQJUHPERHGDTXHVWRVLDFFRVWD6*LRYDQQLQRFKHYLHQH DGDSSRJJLDUVLFROOHEUDFFLDFRQVHUWHVXOODFRVFLDVLQLVWUDGL6$QQD
8QD GL TXHVWH FRSLH GLSLQWH PROWR LPSRUWDQWH SHUFKp HVHJXLWD QHOOR VWXGLR VWHVVR GL /HRQDUGR GDO 6DODLQR HUD QHOOD VDFUHVWLDGL6&HOVRLQ0LODQR,O9LFH5H%HDXKDUQDLVFKHQHHUDGLYHQXWRSURSULHWDULRQHOODSRUWzFRQVHD0RQDFR GL%DYLHUDGRQGHSDVVzSUHVVRJOLHUHGLVXRLL3ULQFLSLGL/HXFKWHQEHUJD3LHWUREXUJR 9*XVWDYR8]LHOLRicerche; serie seconda SDJHVHJXHQWH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
4XHVWRGLVHJQRqFRQGRWWRDFDUERQHHELDFFDVRSUDXQFDUWRQHLOFXLIRQGRGL FRORU JLDOODVWUR ODVFLDWR VFRSHUWR TXD H Oj VHUYH GL PH]]D WLQWD HG DOWUH PH]]H WLQWHVRQRGDWHGDOO¶LPSDVWDUVLGHOODELDFFDFROFDUERQH
,O*UXSSRGHOOD6DQW¶$QQD&DUWRQH² /RQGUD5R\DO$FDGHP\ 1RQWXWWDO¶RSHUDGHOOHILJXUHqFRQGRWWDDFRPSLPHQWRRSHUORPHQRRJJL EHQHYLGHQWH3LGLWXWWRVSLFFDQROHGXHWHVWHGHOOD9HUJLQHHGL6DQW¶$QQDPD TXHVWDqWHQXWDSLEDVVDGLYDORUHRVVLDGLWRQRO¶DOWUDVSRUJHULVDOWDYLHQSL LQQDQ]LFRPHDSSXQWRGHY¶HVVHUHWUDWWDQGRVLGLILJXUDSLYLFLQDDFKLRVVHUYD 1HOOD6$QQDDEELDPRODEHOOH]]DFKHDQFRUDULVSOHQGHLQXQYLVRGLGRQQDJLj PDWXUDYLVRFKHVHUEDDSSXQWRWXWWRLOULIHVVRGHOODPDUDYLJOLRVDEHOOH]]DG¶XQ WHPSRWUDVFRUVRJOLRFFKLVRQRDQFRUYLYDFLFRPHGXHFDUERQLDFFHVLFKHEULOODQR QHOOHRUELWHJLjDOTXDQWRLQIRVVDWH/DOLQIDFRPLQFLzDGLQDUULGLUVLVXTXHVWREHO FRUSRFKHOLHYHPHQWHSULQFLSLDDGLPDJULUHODSHOOHDGHULVFHSLGLUHWWDPHQWHVXL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLRGLWHVWDPXOLHEUH )LUHQ]H8IIL]L PXVFROL H VXOOH RVVD H TXHOOL VRQR PHQR SLQJXL PD F¶q VHPSUH DQFRUD JUD]LD EHOOH]]DVRDYLWjFKHUDSLUHEEHURVHOuGLQDQ]LQRQYLIRVVHORVSOHQGLGRYLVRGL 0DULDVRUULGHQWHHUDJJLDQWHFRPHODOXFHGLYLQD(LOYLVRGLXQDJLRYDQHGRQQD DPDELOHWXWWDYHQXVWjHWHQHUH]]DDOO¶DSLFHGHOODVXDEHOOH]]DQHOPRPHQWRSL IHOLFHGHOODVXDILRULWXUDODSLEHOODIUDOHSLEHOOHJLRYDQLGRQQHFKHLOPRQGR DEELDPDLYHGXWR/DPDWHUQLWjOHKDSXUGDWRORVYLOXSSRGHOVHQWLPHQWRGLTXHO GROFHDPRUHGLPDGUHFKHFRQFHQWUDWXWWDODSURSULDHVVHQ]DGLYLWDGLVHQWLPHQWR HGLLGHHQHOODSURSULDFUHDWXUDGLYHQWDWDLOSHUQRGHOODVXDHVLVWHQ]DqLOFHQWUR GHOOD YLWD FKH HVFH GDOOD PDGUH H VL SRUWD QHOOD VXD FUHDWXUD &RQ TXDQWD EHDWD IHOLFLWj HOODWLHQHLQ JUHPER LO VXR EDPELQR FKH SHU HVVDq FLz FKH Y¶KD GL SL EHOOR H SL VXEOLPH OR WLHQH VHQ]D VIRU]R VHQ]D WLPRUH VHQ]D IDWLFD FRQ WXWWD QDWXUDOH]]DPHQWU¶HVVRSRUJHQGRVLLQDYDQWLSUHQGHFROODPDQLQDVLQLVWUDLOPHQWR GL6DQ*LRYDQQLQRHFROODGHVWUDOREHQHGLFHFRQWXWWDVHULHWjTXDVLFRQLQQDWD FRQVDSHYROH]]DGHOODVXDGLYLQDVXSHULRULWj,O6DQ*LRYDQQLQRDOODVXDYROWDOXL SXUH LQFRQVFLDPHQWH SHUVXDVR GHOOD VXD FRQGL]LRQH LQIHULRUH ULFHYH FRQ FRQYLQ]LRQH H GROFH FRQWHQWH]]D OD EHQHGL]LRQH GLYLQD q DSSRJJLDWR FRQ QDWXUDOH]]D DOOD FRVFLD GL 6 $QQD OD TXDOH VXOO¶DOWUD SRUWD OD 0DGRQQD HG LO
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
%DPELQRFRQWXWWDIDFLOLWjFRPHVHVLWUDWWDVVHGLGXHILRULFROO¶DQLPRHGLOFXRUH FRQWHQWLHVVDJRGHHVRUULGHGHOODIHOLFLWjGLVXDILJOLD ,QFRQFOXVLRQHTXHVWRFDUWRQHqXQFDSRODYRURGLFRVuDOWDJUDQGLRVLWjGLVWLOH GLWDQWDSHUIH]LRQHqXQDWDOPHUDYLJOLDG¶DUWHHGLSRHVLDFKHEDVWDGDVpHQRQ ODVFLDVRUJHUHODGRPDQGDVH/HRQDUGRQRQO¶DEELDDQFKHHVHJXLWRLQSLWWXUDHDO FDVRGRYHTXHVWDVLWURYLqJLjGLSHUVHXQTXDGURVXEOLPHXQ¶RSHUDFRPSOHWD 'HOODstatua equestre di Lodovico il moro, DOODTXDOH/HRQDUGRODYRUzGDO WDOXQRYXROHGDO VLQRDOQRQULPDQJRQRFKHLQQXPHUHYROLVFKL]]LH VWXGLLQGLVHJQRHQLHQW¶DOWUR'DOORURHVDPHHGDXQSDVVRGHOOHQRWHGHLVXRL PDQRVFULWWL VL YLHQ D VDSHUH FKH /HRQDUGR QH IHFH GXH PRGHOOL HGqSXUOHFLWR GHGXUUHFKHGDXQSULPRSHQVLHURGLOLEHUDHGRULJLQDOHLQYHQ]LRQHYLYDFLVVLPD PDQPDQRDWWHVHOHGLIILFROWjFKHVLDIIDFFLDYDQRSHUODHVHFX]LRQHHJOLVL
8QRGHLSULPLSHQVLHULSHUODVWDWXDHTXHVWUHGL)UDQFHVFR6IRU]D ULDYYLFLQz DO SURWRWLSR GHOOH VWDWXH HTXHVWUL GL 0DUF¶$XUHOLR GHO 5HJLVROH GL 3DYLDGHO*DWWDPHODWDHGL%DUWRORPHR&ROOHRQL7URYLDPRGLIDWWLLQXQDVHULHGL GLVHJQL PRYLPHQWL HG DWWHJJLDPHQWL VYDULDWL GL JUDQGH LPSHWR H VODQFLR LO FDYDOLHUH FKH FRPEDWWH FRQ JUDQ IRU]D HG HQHUJLD LO IRFRVR GHVWULHURFKHVL LPSHQQD IXULRVDPHQWH SRL PLQRUH q O¶LPSHWR H LQILQH LO WHPD ² DQFKH SHU GHVLGHULRGHOO¶DFFRUWR/RGRYLFRLOPRUR²qULSUHVRFRQSHQVLHURSLSDFDWRHG HFFR DOORUD LO GXFD LQ DWWHJJLDPHQWR SL WUDQTXLOOR H VROHQQH LO FDYDOOR FROO¶DQGDWXUDGLVHPSOLFHWURWWRHGHFFRDQFKHLGLVHJQLSHUO¶DUPDWXUDLQOHJQR SHOWUDVSRUWRGHOFDYDOORHSHUODIXVLRQH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
Degli studi di Leonardo nel campo dell’ architettura FLODVFLDQRWUDFFLDPROWL VXRLVFKL]]LHGLVHJQLGDLTXDOLYHGLDPRFKHHJOLHUDVSHFLDOPHQWHSUHRFFXSDWR GHOOHFRVWUX]LRQLDFXSRODFHQWUDOHHULFDYLDPRSXUHLVXRLVWXGLVXOODTXHVWLRQH GHOODFRVWUX]LRQHGHOWLEXULRGHO'XRPRGL0LODQRDQ]LGDLGRFXPHQWL $QQDOL GHOO¶DUFKLYLR GHO 'XRPR YHQLDP D FRQRVFHUH FKH QHO HJOL DYHYD IDWWR HVHJXLUHXQVXRPRGHOORSHOWLEXULR 1HOO¶LQYHUQRGDODOLO'RWW3DXO0OOHU:DOGHFKHGDDOFXQLDQQL WURYDYDVL LQ 0LODQR LQWHQWR D VWXGL LQWRUQR D /HRQDUGR GRPDQGz DOO¶8IILFLR UHJLRQDOHGHLPRQXPHQWLO¶DXWRUL]]D]LRQHGLSRWHUFRPSLHUHDOFXQHLQGDJLQLQHOOD YROWDGHOODVDODDSLDQWHUUHQRGHOOD7RUUHGHOOH$VVHODTXDOHWURYDVLDOO¶DQJROR QRUGHVWGHO&DVWHOORGL0LODQR/HVXHLQGX]LRQLEDVDWHVXLULVXOWDWLGLULFHUFKH VXL GRFXPHQWL HUDQR HVDWWH 3LDQWDWL L SRQWL LQFRPLQFLDWL JOL VFURVWDPHQWL ULDSSDUYHURDOODOXFHDOFXQLIUDPPHQWLGLSLWWXUDRULJLQDOLVVLPDSURVHJXHQGRVL VFRSUuSXUWURSSRLQGHSORUHYROLVVLPHFRQGL]LRQLPDLQFRQFOXVLRQHVLVFRSUuOD GHFRUD]LRQHGLSLQWDYLGD/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLWUDJOLDQQLHHGHOODTXDOH DSSXQWRFLODVFLDWHVWLPRQLDQ]DVLFXUDXQDOHWWHUDGLUHWWDDO'XFD/RGRYLFRLOPRUR GDXQVXRIDPLJOLDUHLO$SULOHHFKHGLFHlunedì se desarmerà la Camera grande da le Asse, cioè de la torre. Magistro Leonardo promete finirla per tuta septembre, ecc. 4XHVWD GHFRUD]LRQH FRQVLVWHYD LQ JUDQGL WURQFKL G¶DOEHUR FKH LQQDO]DQGRVL OXQJROHSDUHWLVLUDPLILFDYDQRLQFRUULVSRQGHQ]DDOSLDQRG¶LPSRVWDGHOOHOXQHWWH WUDVIRUPDQGRODYROWDLQDPSLRSHUJRODWRLOFXLLQWUHFFLRGLUDPLHUDDUULFFKLWRGDO PRWLYRGLFRUGHGRUDWHGLVSRVWHDQRGLHUDJJUXSSDQWLVLLQWRUQRDOODVHUUDJOLDGRYH FDPSHJJLDYDORVWHPPDGXFDOHLQXQDQHOORGRUDWR/HJDWHHGDSSHVHDLUDPLFRQ JURVVHFRUGHHUDQRVLPXODWHTXDWWURJUDQGLWDUJKHFRQLVFUL]LRQLGRUDWHVXIRQGR D]]XUURFRPPHPRUDQWLDYYHQLPHQWLGHOODFDVDVIRU]HVFD
'DQ]DWULFL² 9HQH]LD*DOOHULDGHOO¶$FFDGHPLD /XFD%HOWUDPL/HRQDUGRQHJOLVWXGLSHULOWLEXULRGHOOD&DWWHGUDOHGL0LODQR0LODQR0&0,,, 2JJLTXHVWDJHQLDOHGHFRUD]LRQHFRPSOHWDPHQWHUHVWDXUDWDFLULDSSDUHQHOVXRDQWLFRVRUULVRPHUFqODJHQHURVLWjGHO 6LJ$YYRFDWR3LHWUR9ROSLLOUHVWDXURYHQQHGLUHWWRGDJOLDUFKLWHWWL/XFD%HOWUDPLH*DHWDQR0RUHWWL9HJJDVLORVWXGLR GRFXPHQWDWRHGDUWLVWLFRGL/XFD%HOWUDPLFLWDWRQHOODELEOLRJUDILDLQIRQGRDTXHVWRFDSLWROR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3(5,2'2'(//$9,7$5$1'$*,$ 1HODOVRSUDJJLXQJHUHGHOODFDWDVWURIHGL/RGRYLFRLOPRUR/HRQDUGRDO SDULGL%UDPDQWHHGLPROWLDOWULSHUVRQDJJLGHOOD&RUWHGXFDOHODVFLz0LODQRH G¶DOORUDLQSRLFRQGXVVHXQDHVLVWHQ]DEHQGLYHUVD1RQWUDVFRUVHSLOXQJKLDQQL QHOODVWHVVDGLPRUD3DVVzD0DQWRYDVLUHFzD9HQH]LDULWRUQzDOODVXD)LUHQ]H LQGL IX LQ 5RPDJQD TXDOH LQJHJQHUH GL &HVDUH %RUJLD ULWRUQz DQFRUDD)LUHQ]H RYH VL WUDWWHQQH ² SDUH ² WUH R TXDWWUR DQQL SRL FRPLQFLz DG DOWHUQDUH OD VXD UHVLGHQ]DWUD)LUHQ]HH0LODQRLQTXHVW¶XOWLPDFLWWjHUDGHVLGHUDWRHWUDWWHQXWRGDO VRYUDQRIUDQFHVHHVHPEUDYLVLDULPDVWRGDOVLQRDO6HWWHPEUHVDOYR EUHYLFRUVHD)LUHQ]HSHUXQDOLWHFRLIUDWHOOLLQGLSHQGHQ]DGHOODHUHGLWjSDWHUQD 'RSR XQD EUHYH GLPRUD D 5RPD QHO OR ULWURYLDPR D )LUHQ]H QHO D 3DYLDD%RORJQDHGD0LODQRSHUO¶XOWLPDYROWD,QILQHQHO FHGHQGR DOOH LQVLVWHQ]HGL)UDQFHVFR,VLUHFzLQ)UDQFLDGRQGHQRQIHFHSLULWRUQR
5LWUDWWRGL,VDEHOOD'¶(VWH&DUWRQH² 3DULJL0XVHRGHO/RXYUH 'XUDQWH TXHVWR SHULRGR FKH SRVVLDPR DGXQTXH FKLDPDUH UDQGDJLR /HRQDUGR QRQ VL WUDWWHQQH QRQ IHFH YHUD SHUPDQHQ]D FKH LQ )LUHQ]H HG LQ 0LODQR 1HOOH DOWUHORFDOLWjIXVROWDQWRGLSDVVDJJLRHQRQYLDYUjSRWXWRIDUHFKHVWXGLHGLVHJQL 'HOODYLWDGHOOHSHUHJULQD]LRQLGHJOLVWXGLHGHOOHRSHUHGL/HRQDUGRLQTXHVWRWHU]RSHULRGRQRQSRWUHPRSRVVHGHUHDOOD PDQRQRWL]LHLQWHUDPHQWHHVDWWHHFRPSOHWHVHQRQTXDQGRVDUjXVFLWDDOOHVWDPSHODWHU]DVHULHGHOOHRicercheGL*XVWDYR 8]LHOOL3HUFKpXQ¶RSHUDFRVuLPSRUWDQWHHSUH]LRVDULPDQHLQWHUURWWD"
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
FRPHLOULWUDWWRGL,VDEHOODG¶(VWHHVHJXLWRD0DQWRYDXQVHPSOLFHFDUWRQHFKHSRL QRQWUDGXVVHPDLLQSLWWXUDÊLQ)LUHQ]HHGLQ0LODQRFKHHJOLKDHVHJXLWROHDOWUH RSHUHFKHGLOXLDQFRUDFRQRVFLDPRHGKDIRUPDWRGHJOLDOOLHYLHGHLVHJXDFL3Xz GDUVLFKHILQGDOODSULPDGLPRUDLQ0LODQRHJOLDYHVVHJLjDFFROWRQHOVXRVWXGLRLO %ROWUDIILRSHUzqGXUDQWHTXHVWRQXRYRSHULRGRPLODQHVHFKHQHWURYLDPRULFRUGR QHJOL DSSXQWL GL /HRQDUGR Ê SXU GXUDQWH TXHVWR SHULRGR HG LQ 0LODQR FKH GLYHQWDQ VXRL DOOLHYL LO 0DUFR G¶2JJLRQR )UDQFHVFR 0HO]L LO 6DODLQRHIRUVH DQFKH LO *LDQSHWULQR H FK¶HJOL LQIOXLVFH FRWDQWR VX $QGUHD 6RODUL ,O 6RGRPD LQYHFHH&HVDUHGD6HVWRGHYRQHVVHUVWDWLVXRLDOOLHYLLQ)LUHQ]HWUDLOHGLO FRVuDOPHQRORGLPRVWUDLOORURVWLOHHGLSLSHO6RGRPDDQFKHLFDVLGHOOD YLWD VXD LQTXHO WHPSR 4XDQWR DO/XLQL FKH VDUHEEH VWDWR LQ WHPSRDFRQRVFHU /HRQDUGRLQ0LODQRSULPDGHOGDOO¶HVDPHGHOOHRSHUHVLGHGXFHLQYHFHFKH HJOL QRQ q HQWUDWR FRPSOHWDPHQWH QHOO¶RUELWD OHRQDUGHVFD FKH SL WDUGL H IRUPDQGRVL VXL FDUWRQL H VXOOH RSHUH FKH LO 9LQFL DYHYD ODVFLDWR LQ /RPEDUGLD 1HJOLDSSXQWLGL/HRQDUGRVLOHJJRQDOWULQRPLQHOOHUDFFROWHSXEEOLFKHHSULYDWH VL YHJJRQ SDUHFFKLH RSHUH GL EXRQL OHRQDUGHVFKL PD DOO¶LQIXRUL GL )UDQFHVFR 1DSROHWDQRQRQIXDQFRUGDWRGLLGHQWLILFDUHDOWULDOOLHYLVXRL
6FKL]]LSHOFDUWRQHGHOOD%DWWDJOLDGL$QJKLDUL² 9HQH]LD*DOO'HOO¶$FFDGHPLD ,QTXHVWRWHU]RSHULRGR/HRQDUGRSXUFRQVHUYDQGRODLQVXSHUDELOHVXDSRWHQ]D VFLHQWLILFDGHOODWHFQLFDHODVXDVWUDRUGLQDULDQDWXUDOH]]DIHFHXQSDVVRDQFRUSL LQQDQ]L QHOOD LGHDOLWj SRHWLFD FRVu YHGHVL DQ]L DPPLUDVL QHO QXRYR VXR )UDQFHVFR 3DJDQR GHWWR 1DSROHWDQR ODVFLz OD SURSULD VHJQDWXUD Franciczo Napoletano QHO TXDGUHWWR GHOOD 6DQWD FRQYHUVD]LRQHFKHQHOGDOOD*DOOHULD&HUHGDGL0LODQRSDVVzDO.XQVWOHUJXWGL=XULJR &DUO%UXQ-DKUHVEHULFKWGHU (LGJHQ.RPPLVVLRQGHU*.HOOHU6WLIWXQJYRQ=ULFK 1HOOD*DOOHULD%UHUDHYYLGHOODVXDPDQLHUDXQDPDGRQQD FRO%DPELQR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
FDSRODYRUR PDUDYLJOLRVR QHO ULWUDWWR GHOOD Gioconda, GLFXLFLRFFXSHUHPRSL LQQDQ]L /D battaglia d’Anghiari, YDVWD FRPSRVL]LRQH RUGLQDWDJOL GDOOD 6LJQRULD GL )LUHQ]HQHOHGDGLSLQJHUVLQHOODJUDQVDODGHO&RQVLJOLR DFRQFRUUHQ]DFRQ 0LFKHODQJHORFKHVXOODSDUHWHGLIURQWHGRYHYDGLSLQJHUHXQHSLVRGLRGHOODJXHUUD GL3LVD QRQIXGD/HRQDUGRFRQGRWWDDFRPSLPHQWRDQ]LSDUHFKHQRQ¶DYHVVH FKH DSSHQD FRPLQFLDWDHFKHQHOFDUWRQHSUHSDUDWRULRQRQDYHVVHXOWLPDWRLO GLVHJQRFKHGHOJUXSSRUDSSUHVHQWDQWHXQFRPEDWWLPHQWRGLFDYDOLHULDWWRUQRDG XQRVWHQGDUGR
6FKL]]LSHOFDUWRQHGHOOD%DWWDJOLDGL$QJKLDUL² 9HQH]LD*DOO'HOO¶$FFDGHPLD ,OFDUWRQHFKHGDWHPSRSLQRQHVLVWHHUDSHUzVWDWRFRSLDWRLQSDUWHGDO5XEHQV GXUDQWHODVXDGLPRUDLQ)LUHQ]HHVHUYuSRLSHUO¶LQFLVLRQHFKHQHIHFHO¶(GHOLQN GDOODTXDOHYHQLDPRDFRQRVFHUHFRPH/HRQDUGRFLDYUHEEHSXUODVFLDWRXQDVFHQD GLFRPEDWWLPHQWRVWUDRUGLQDULDSHUHYLGHQ]DHGHIILFDFLD 4XHOOR DGXQTXH QRQ GRYHYD HVVHUH FKH XQR GHL JUXSSL H SUREDELOPHQWH LO SULQFLSDOH GDL YDUL GLVHJQL SHUz H FRVu SHU HVHPSLR GD DOFXQL VFKL]]L GHOOD *DOOHULDGL9HQH]LDGHO%ULWLVK0XVHXPHGHOODUDFFROWDGL:LQGVRUVLSXz 6LWUDWWDYDGXQTXHGLUDSSUHVHQWDUHGXHGHLIDVWLPLOLWDULGHOODUHSXEEOLFDILRUHQWLQDHGD/HRQDUGRWRFFzVYROJHUHXQ HSLVRGLRGHOODEDWWDJOLDFRPEDWWXWDSUHVVR$QJKLDULQHOFRQWUROHWUXSSHGL)LOLSSR0DULD9LVFRQWL/HRQDUGRGRSR PROWLVFKL]]LHVWXGLIHFHLOFDUWRQHLQJUDQGH]]DGLHVHFX]LRQHHSRLFRPLQFLzODSLWWXUDWHQWDQGRGLULWRUQDUHDOVLVWHPD GHOO¶HQFDXVWRPDVFLXSDQGRVLODSLWWXUDPHQWU¶HJOLYLDWWHQGHYDO¶DEEDQGRQz5LPDVHLOFDUWRQHFKHIXRJJHWWRGLJUDQGH DPPLUD]LRQHSHUROWUHGXHVHFROLHSRLDQGzGLVWUXWWR /DSDUWHSHUzGLTXHVWDSLWWXUDGHOODEDWWDJOLDGL$QJKLDULFKH/HRQDUGRDYHYDHVHJXLWDQHOHVLVWHYDDQFRUDQRQVL
DTXDQGRVLDDQGDWDGLVWUXWWD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR LRQHGHOO¶(GHOLQN OLDGL$QJKLDUL² 'DOO¶LQFLV ,OJUXSSRSULQFLSDOHGHOOD%DWWDJ
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
GHVXPHUH FKH OD VFHQD GRYHYD HVVHUH YDVWD OD PLVFKLD PROWHSOLFH GL XQ JUDQG¶HIIHWWR GL YLWD GL PRYLPHQWR LPSHWR HG DUUDEDWWDPHQWR GL XRPLQL H GL FDYDOOL7UDJOLDUWLVWLFKHVLQGDLWHPSLGHOORVWHVVR/HRQDUGRDYHYDQRWUDWWLVWXGL LQ GLVHJQR GD TXHO FDUWRQH YD ULFRUGDWR 5DIIDHOOR FRPH YHGLDPR QHO GLVHJQR GRSSLRGHOODUDFFROWDGL9HQH]LDHGLQDOWULFRQVHUYDWLD/LOOH2[IRUGHFF
/¶$GRUD]LRQHGHL0DJL² )LUHQ]H8IIL]L L’adorazione dei Magi QHOOD*DOOHULDGHJOL8IIL]LqORVYROJLPHQWRGHOWHPDHGHO SUREOHPDFXLDWWHQGHYDQRHGDWWHVHUROXQJDPHQWHDQFRUDDOWULDUWLVWLILRUHQWLQLH WUDTXHVWLLO%RWWLFHOOL)LOLSSLQR/LSSLHGLO*KLUODQGDLRXQDVFHQDIHVWRVDHG DQLPDWDWXWWDVROHQQLWjHDGXQWHPSREUXOLFKLRGLYLWD0DTXDQGR/HRQDUGR
6WXGLGLFDYDOOL² 5DFFROWD:LQGVRU GRSR SDUHFFKL VFKL]]LH GLVHJQL GRSR GL DYHUEHQ SUHFLVDWD VXOOD WDYROD O¶LQWHUD FRPSRVL]LRQHHEEHILVVDWLLFRQWRUQLGHOOHILJXUHHGHOIRQGRHGRPEUHJJLDWHQH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
SDUHFFKLH ILJXUH YLGH HPHUJHUH OD VXD FUHD]LRQH TXDOH O¶DYHYD LGHDWD SDJR GL DYHUULVROWRLOSUREOHPDDEEDQGRQzO¶RSHUD$GLU YHURVHEEHQHO¶DEELDODVFLDWD LQFRPSLXWD SXUH KD LPSUHVVR D TXHOOD FUHD]LRQH XQD YLWD XQD YLEUD]LRQH VRUSUHQGHQWHGROFHJUD]LDJLRYDQLOHHODPSLGLVRUULVLHGLHVSUHVVLRQLYHUDPHQWH VWUDRUGLQDUL /D 9HUJLQH DSSHQD DFFHQQDWD QHO VXR FRQWRUQR DUPRQLRVR H QHL OLQHDPHQWL JUD]LRVL q GL HWj DOTXDQWR SL PDWXUD GL TXHOOD FKH FL DSSDUYH QHOOH RSHUHJLRYDQLOLGL)LUHQ]HHSXUDQFKHGLTXHOOHGL0LODQR,0DJLLSHUVRQDJJLHG L VHUYL GHO VHJXLWR WXWWL KDQQR XQD VWUDRUGLQDULD DQLPD]LRQH 1HO IRQGR DQFRUD URYLQHVFDOHHWXWWDXQDVFKLHUDGLFDYDOOLVEDQGDWLHSDUHFFKLDOEHULJLjFRQGRWWL FRQJUDQGHHVDWWH]]DHSHUIH]LRQH
3HQVLHURIDQWDVWLFR² )UDPPHQWRGLXQGLVHJQRGHOOD*DOO'LYHQH]LD La Gioconda FKHDPPLUDVLQHOsalon carré GHO/RXYUHHFKH/HRQDUGRHVHJXu SXUHLQ)LUHQ]HLPSLHJDQGRYLTXDWWURDQQLQRQqXQDFUHD]LRQHGLXQWLSRLGHDOH GL EHOOH]]D FRPH VDUHEEH OD 9HQHUH GL 0LOR q XQ YHUR ULWUDWWR PD HVVHQGR OD GDPD²0RQD/LVDPRJOLHGL0HVVHU)UDQFHVFRGHO*LRFRQGR²GLOLQHDPHQWL SHUIHWWLGLDOWRLQWHOOHWWRHGLDQLPREHOOLVVLPRQHOULWUDUODHJOLVHSSHSXUFUHDUH XQDILJXUDDGXQWHPSRUHDOHHVRYUXPDQDGLLQFDQWHYROHEHOOH]]DHVXOFXLYLVR HGLQWXWWDODSHUVRQDULVSOHQGRQRO¶LGHDOLWjHODSRHVLDSLLQFDQWHYROL 3HUSUHVHQWDUODLQXQDPELHQWHGHJQRGLHVVD/HRQDUGRO¶KDWUDVSRUWDWDHIDWWD VHGHUHVXGLXQWHUUD]]RLQXQSDHVDJJLRGLUXSLODJKLHFDVFDWHOOHFKHHVDPLQDWL SDUWLWDPHQWHULVSRQGRQRDOODUHDOWjRVVHUYDWLQHOORURHIIHWWRFRPSOHVVLYRIRUPDQR XQD YLVLRQH VRSUDQDWXUDOH 'LQDQ]L D TXHVWD YLVLRQH OD EHOOD GDPD VHQWH WXWWD O¶DWWUDWWLYDSRHWLFDHIDQWDVWLFDHVRJQDVLDEEDQGRQDDGDOWUHYLVLRQLDQFRUDFKH OD SRUWDQR ORQWDQR ORQWDQR 'LIDWWL PHQWUH ULPDQH FDOPD QHOO¶DWWHJJLDPHQWR GL WXWWDODSHUVRQDODYLEUD]LRQHGHOSHQVLHURHGLSDOSLWLGHOO¶DQLPRWUDVSDLRQRGDO ODPSR GHOOR VJXDUGR H GDO VRUULVR FKH VFRUUH OHJJHUPHQWH VXOOH ODEEUD H VXOOH JXDQFH $UWLVWLFDPHQWH QHOOD *LRFRQGD /HRQDUGR KD IDWWR FUHD]LRQH SHUVRQDOH LQ TXDQWRFKHQHVVXQDOWURDUWLVWDKDSRWXWRGDUFLDOWUDRSHUDFKHO¶HJXDJOLLQ
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
/D*LRFRQGD² 3DULJL/RXYUH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
SHUIH]LRQHHGLGHDOLWjSHUzHJOLQRQO¶DYUHEEHSRWXWDLPPDJLQDUHQpHVHJXLUHVH QRQ¶DYHVVHURSUHFHGXWDWXWWHOHFUHD]LRQLSLWWRULFKHHSODVWLFKHLWDOLDQHGHOPHGLR HYR H GHO TXDWWURFHQWR OH ILJXUH PXOLHEUL GL )LOLSSR /LSSL GL 'HVLGHULR GD 6HWWLJQDQR H GHO %RWWLFHOOL VRQR VXJOL XOWLPL JUDGLQL GHOOD VFDOD DOWLVVLPD FKH SDUWHQGRGDOOHSULPHILJXUHGHOOHFDWDFRPEHWHUPLQDFROOD*LRFRQGD /D *LRFRQGD LQILQH QRQ q VROWDQWR XQ FDSRODYRUR DUWLVWLFR q SXUH OD PDQLIHVWD]LRQHVHQVLELOHGHOFDPPLQRFRPSLXWRGDOODXPDQLWjDWWUDYHUVRLWHPSL /H SLUDPLGL SHUVRQLILFDQR OD SRWHQ]D PDWHULDOH DOOD TXDOH HVVD HUD SHUYHQXWD DO WHPSR GHOOH SULPH FLYLOWj LO 3DUWHQRQH H OH VXH VFXOWXUH OD VXFFHVVLYD SRWHQ]D LQWHOOHWWXDOHHFRVuGLVHJXLWRODFDWWHGUDOHJRWLFDOD0DGRQQDGHO%DOGDFFKLQRGL 6LPRQH 0DUWLQL L WULRQIL GL *LRWWR LQ $VVLVL SHUVRQLILFDQR OD SRWHQ]D VHQWLPHQWDOH /D *LRFRQGD q OD HPDQD]LRQH DG XQ WHPSR GHOOD SRWHQ]D LQWHOOHWWXDOH GHOOD VHQWLPHQWDOH H SXU DQFKH GHOOD SRHWLFD FRQ WXWWR LO PLVWHUR GHOO¶DQLPDXPDQDHGHOVXRGHVWLQR
6*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWD² 3DULJL/RXYUH (GLUHFKHRJJLQRQODYHGLDPSLLQWXWWRLOVXRVSHQGRUHODSLWWXUDqVWDWDGDQQHJJLDWDGDOOHULSXOLWXUHOHTXDOLKDQQR SRUWDWRYLDPROWHYHODWXUHPROWLSDUWLFRODULGHOLFDWLGHOODFDUQDJLRQHODVFLDQGRSRFKHWUDFFHGHOURVHRGHOOHJXDQFHHGHOOH ODEEUDSHUEXRQDVRUWHSHUzLUHVWDXUDWRULKDQQROLPLWDWRLORURULWRFFKLDOGRSSLRYHORHGDOO¶DELWRHTXDHOjQHOIRQGR FRVLFFKp QRQRVWDQWH WXWWR FLz HQRQRVWDQWH OD PDQFDQ]D GHOOH YHODWXUH RJJLQHOOD ILJXUD VSHFLDOPHQWH QHOOD FDUQDJLRQH DPPLUDVLWXWWDYLDXQDPRGHOOD]LRQHLQILQLWDGLPH]]HWLQWHXQFKLDURVFXURGHOLFDWLVVLPRHGXQFRORULWRILQLVVLPRWDQWRFKp FLYRUUHEEHWXWWDYLDLO9DVDUL²FKHQHDYHYDVFULWWRORVWXGLRPLJOLRUHFKHPDLVLSRWHVVHGHVLGHUDUH²SHUULSHWHUQHWXWWRLO IDVFLQRLQFDQWHYROHFKHRJJLDQFRUDFLUDSLVFH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
Il San Giovanni Battista GHOORVWHVVR0XVHRGHO/RXYUHPH]]DILJXUDLQDWWRGL SUHGLFDUHGLQDQ]LDOIRQGREXLRGLXQDVSHORQFDDSSDUWLHQHDQFRUDDTXHVW¶XOWLPR SHULRGRHGqXQDGLTXHOOHSLWWXUHQHOOHTXDOL/HRQDUGRDYHQGRGHVLGHULRGLGDU VRPPRULOLHYRDOOHFRVHFKHHJOLIDFHYDDQGDYDWDQWRFRQO¶RPEUHVFXUHDWURYDUH LIRQGLGH¶SLVFXULFKHFHUFDYDQHULFKHRPEUDVVLQRHIRVVLQRSLVFXULGHJOL DOWUL QHUL SHU IDUH FKH LO FKLDUR PHGLDQWH TXHJOL IRVVH SL OXFLGR HG LQILQH ULXVFLYDTXHVWRPRGRWDQWRWLQWRFKHQRQYLULPDQHQGRFKLDURDYHYDQSLIRUPD GLFRVHIDWWHSHUFRQWUDIIDUHXQDQRWWHFKHXQDILQH]]DGHOOXPHGHOGuPDWXWWR HUDSHUFHUFDUHGLGDUHPDJJLRUHULOLHYRGLWURYDUHLOILQHHODSHUIH]LRQHGHOO¶DUWH 9DVDUL /DPRGHOOD]LRQHLOULOLHYRLOWRQGHJJLDUHODPRUELGH]]DGHOODFDUQDJLRQHGL TXHVWD ILJXUD VRQR GL XQD SHUIH]LRQH LQVXSHUDELOH LO VRUULVR FKH LUUDGLD WXWWR LO YLVRLOODPSHJJLDUHGHOORVJXDUGRFLGDQQRO¶DSSDUL]LRQHGLXQHVVHUHGLQDWXUDSL GLYLQDFKHXPDQD
6DQ*LURODPRSHQLWHQWH² 5RPD*DOO'HO9DWLFDQR ,OTXDGUHWWRGHOS. Girolamo Rpenitente GHOOD*DOOHULD9DWLFDQDqSXUWURSSR DOWUDGHOOHRSHUHLQFRPLQFLDWHGD/HRQDUGRFRQOXQJKLHSD]LHQWLVWXGLFRQGRWWH VLQR DG XQ FHUWR SXQWR FRQ DPPLUDELOH SHUIH]LRQH H SRL DEEDQGRQDWH QHSSXU DQFRUDDPH]]RSHUFRUUHUHGLHWURDGDOWUHSUHRFFXSD]LRQLDUWLVWLFKHHVFLHQWLILFKH 4XDQWD DPPLUD]LRQH H TXDQWR UDPPDULFR GHVWD TXHVW¶RSHUD LQFRPSLXWD ,QFUHGLELOHqODSHUIH]LRQHGHOGLVHJQRGHOOHIRUPHGHOVXEVWUDWRDQDWRPLFRQHOOD WHVWD GHO VDQWR QHO FROOR H QHOOD VXD VSDOOD GHVWUD SRWHQWH VWUDRUGLQDULD O¶RULJLQDOLWj GHO YHGHUH H GHO VHQWLUH VXR DQFKH LQ TXHVWD ILJXUD DEER]]DWD VL FRPSUHQGH FRPH HJOL PLUDVVH D PDQLIHVWDUH LO JUDQGH VSLULWR GL FRQWUL]LRQH GL SHQLWHQ]D H GL GLYR]LRQH FRQ DWWHJJLDPHQWR QRQ GUDPPDWLFR QRQ YLROHQWR PD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
GHOLFDWRILQLVVLPRHGLJUDQGHVHQWLPHQWDOLWjWDOHqO¶HVSUHVVLRQHHYLGHQWHGLWXWWD ODILJXUDHGHOYLVR (TXLDYYLHQHGLSHQVDUHDOOHRSHUHODVFLDWHDPH]]RGD/HRQDUGRHWHUPLQDWH GDDOWULDUWLVWLTXHOOHHVHJXLWHGDJOLDOOLHYLVRWWRODVXDGLUH]LRQH H FRPH GLFH O¶8]LHOOLGDOXLULWRFFDWHTXDHOj3Xz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¶ DPPLUDELOH PRGHOOD]LRQH
6DQ*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWDSUHGLFDQWH² 6WDWXHLQEURQ]RGL*)5XVWLFL)LUHQ]H%DWWLVWHUR 1HO/HRQDUGRDQGzLQ)UDQFLDRVSLWHGHOUH)UDQFHVFR,LOTXDOHGLFHLO 9DVDUL DYHQGR DYXWR RSHUH VXH JOL HUD PROWR DIIH]LRQDWR H GHVLGHUDYD FKH FRORULVVHLOFDUWRQHGHOOD6$QQDPDHJOLVHFRQGRLOVXRFRVWXPHORWHQQHJUDQ WHPSRLQSDUROH ,O FDUGLQDOH /XLJL G¶$UDJRQD FKH FRPH JLj GLVVL OR YLVLWz QHOO¶RWWREUH GHOO¶DQQRORWURYzJLjVRIIHUHQWHSHUVRSUDYYHQXWDSDUDOLVLGHOODPDQRGHVWUD FRVLFFKqQRQSRWHYDSLGLSLQJHUHPDFLRQRQRVWDQWHGLVHJQDYDHGLQVHJQDYDDJOL DOOLHYLFKHO¶DYHYDQRVHJXLWR &RVuqSUREDELOHFKHODJUDQWDYRODGHOJUXSSRGHOOD6$QQDGHO/RXYUH QHOOD TXDOHQRQVLVHQWHYLEUDUHLQWHUDPHQWHLOYHURVWLOHGL/HRQDUGRHGqOHFLWRGXELWDUH
$ /RQGUD QHO DOO¶HVSRVL]LRQH GL DUWH ORPEDUGD GHO %XUOLQJWRQ &OXE SDVVDL RUH HG RUH DOWHUQDWLYDPHQWH QHOOD DPPLUD]LRQH QHO GXEELR QHOO¶DJLWD]LRQH GLQDQ]L DOOD VWXSHQGD Madonna col Bambino LQ XQ SDHVDJJLR IDQWDVWLFR DSSDUWHQHQWHDOGXFDGL%DWWHUVHDHGRJJLDQFRUDPLGRPDQGRqGL/HRQDUGR"qGHO6RGRPLD"qGLWXWWLHGXHDVVLHPH"
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
VHO¶DVVHQ]DGHLFDUDWWHULHYLGHQWLGHOODVXDWHFQLFDSHUVRQDOHGLSHQGDVROWDQWRGDL UHVWDXUL qSUREDELOHGLFRFKHVLDVWDWDVROWDQWRFRORULWDVRWWRODVXDGLUH]LRQH
,O*UXSSRGHOOD6DQW¶$QQD² 3DULJL/RXYUH 1HOFDVWHOORGL&ORX[SUHVVR$PERLVHGRYHGLPRUDYDWUDVFRUVHPDOLQFRQLFR JOLXOWLPLDQQLGHOODVXDYLWDPDODWLFFLDHGLOPDJJLRGHOO¶DQQRULWRUQzLQ VHQRDOODFUHD]LRQHGLYLQDSHUODTXDOHHJOLDYHYDVHPSUHSURIHVVDWRXQFXOWRFRVu VXEOLPH ,Q/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLQRLDEELDPRGXHSHUVRQDOLWjORVFLHQ]LDWRHO¶DUWLVWD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
6WXGLRGLWHVWDGLYHFFKLRGLPDQRGL/HRQDUGRJLjFUHGXWRLOVXRDXWRULWUDWWR 7RULQR%LEOLRWHFDGL60LO5H (JOL DYHYD XQD GRWH LQWHOOHWWXDOH FKH OR VSLQJHYD FRQ GHVLGHULR LUUHVLVWLELOH DOOR VWXGLRVSHULPHQWDOHHTXLQGLHUDXQSD]LHQWHLQGDJDWRUHGHLPLQXWLSDUWLFRODULWDQWR QHOFDPSRVFLHQWLILFRTXDQWRQHOO¶DUWLVWLFRDYHYDSXUHXQDVHFRQGDGRWHHTXHVWD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
SURSULDGHOO¶DQLPRVXRHUDLGHDOLVWDDVVRUJHYDDOOHLQYHQ]LRQLHGDOOHFUHD]LRQL FRVLFFKp FRJOL VWXGL VSHULPHQWDOL VFLHQWLILFL DGGLYHQLYD DOOH LQYHQ]LRQL H FRJOL VWXGL SD]LHQWLVVLPL DUWLVWLFL DOOH FUHD]LRQL ,QYHUR VH OD LGHDOLWj IX OD ILDPPD LVSLUDWULFHGHLVXRLFDSRODYRULODVFLHQ]DVSHULPHQWDOHQHIXODEDVHHVVLVRQRIDWWL WXWWLGLLQILQLWDSD]LHQ]D
,OYHURULWUDWWRGL/HRQDUGRGLVHJQRGLXQVXRDOOLHYR 5DFFROWD:LQGVRU &RVuYLHQHGDVpODULVSRVWDDOODGRPDQGDHGDOULPSLDQWRDFKHVHUYLURQRDL VXRLFRQWHPSRUDQHLHGDLSRVWHULJOLVWXGLVSHULPHQWDOLHOHLQYHQ]LRQLVFLHQWLILFKH GL TXHO JUDQ JHQLR GDO PRPHQWR FKH QRQ QH ULPDVH WUDFFLD FKH QHL VROL VXRL PDQRVFULWWLLTXDOLHUDQRLQHVSORUDWLVLSXzGLUHLHULDQFRUD"VHGHGLFDWRDOO¶DUWH DYHVVH DQFKH WXWWR LO WHPSR VSHVR SHU OD VFLHQ]D QRL DYUHPPR DOPHQR TXDOFKH RSHUDVXDGLSL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
,FDSRODYRULQRQVLFRQWDQRPDVLDPPLUDQRHGDQFKHXQRVRORSXzULHPSLUHL O¶DQLPR GL JLRLD LQILQLWD )X OD VFLHQ]D FKH VSLQVH /HRQDUGR YHUVR LO YHUR DOOR VWXGLR GHOOD QDWXUD WUDWWHQHQGROR SHU WDO PRGR GDOO¶LPLWDUH OH RSHUH GHL VXRL FRQWHPSRUDQHLHTXHOOHDQWLFKHIXODVFLHQ]DFKHJOLGLHGHLOVXRLQGLUL]]RDUWLVWLFR HPLQHQWHPHQWH SHUVRQDOH H OR SRUWz DOOD LQFRPSDUDELOH HVHFX]LRQH GHOOH VXH VXEOLPLFUHD]LRQLDUWLVWLFKH(VHFX]LRQHHFUHD]LRQHLQ/HRQDUGRVRQRLQVHSDUDELOL 6HQ]D/HRQDUGRVFLHQ]LDWRQRQDYUHPPR/HRQDUGRDUWLVWD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3URVSHWWR&URQRORJLFR '(//(23(5(&+(6,3266212$66(*1$5($/(21$5'2'$9,1&,
('$1&25$(6,67(17, , 3HULRGRILRUHQWLQR FLUFD 3DULJL /RXYUH ²L’ Annunziazione; 9LHQQD *DOOHULD/LFKWHQVWHLQ ²5LWUDWWRPXOLHEUH )LUHQ]H $FFDGHPLD ²/¶$QJLRORQHOODWDYRODGHO%DWWHVLPRGHO 9HUURFFKLR /RQGUD 6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ ²0DGRQQDFRO%DPELQRSLFFRORJUXSSRLQ WHUUDFRWWD ³ 6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ ²6DQ*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWDSLFFROREXVWRLQWHUUD FRWWD " ³ %ULWLVK0 ²%XVWRGLJXHUULHURGLSURILORFRQHOPRH FRUD]]DGLVHJQR ,, 3HULRGRPLODQHVH 3DULJL /RXYUH ²/D0DGRQQDGHOODJURWWD /RQGUD 1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\ ²/D0DGRQQDGHOWDJURWWD ULSHWL]LRQHFRQ DOFXQHYDULDQWL &UDFRYLD *DOOHULD&]DUWRULVNL ²,OULWUDWWRGL&HFLOLD*DOOHUDQL 0LODQR 5HIHWWRULRGHOOH*UD]LH ²/D&HQD ³³³ ²,ULWUDWWLGL/RGRYLFRH%HDWULFHFRLORURGXH ILJOL QRQQHULPDQHFKHODPDVVD FRPSOHVVLYD /RQGUD $FDGHP\ ²,OJUXSSRGHOWD6$QQD FDUWRQH ,Q TXHVWR HOHQFR QRQ SRVVR FRPSUHQGHUH FKH TXHVWR GLVHJQR TXHOOR GHO ULWUDWWR GL ,VDEHOOD G¶(VWH LO FDUWRQH GHOOD 6DQW¶$QQD HG LO GLVHJQR GL 7RULQR SHUFKp KDQQR XQD FHUWD LPSRUWDQ]D SDUWLFRODUH 6DUHEEH LPSRVVLELOH SHU RUD IDUH XQ HOHQFRFURQRORJLFRGHOOHFHQWLQDLDHFHQWLQDLDGLGLVHJQLGL/HRQDUGRHQRQVDUHEEHLOFDVRGLIDPHXQDVFHOWDSRLFKpDQFKH QHLSLSLFFROLLQSRFKLVHJQLHJOLFLODVFLzODPSLGLJHQLRHVRUULVLGLJUD]LDHGLEHOOH]]D/HUDFFROWHSLULFFKHGLGLVHJQL GL/HRQDUGRVRQR OD*DOOHULDGHJOL8IIL]LGL)LUHQ]H OD%LEOLRWHFD$PEURVLDQDD0LODQR OD*DOOHULDGL9HQH]LD OD%LEOLRWHFDGL60LO5HLQ7RULQR DOO¶HVWHUR LO0XVHRGHO/RXYUHD3DULJL LO%ULWLVK0XVHXPHGLO6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ0XVHXPD/RQGUD OD%LEOLRWHFDUHDOHD:LQGVRU OD%LEOLRWHFD$OEHUWLQDD9LHQQD ,QROWUH DOO¶$PEURVLDQD VL WURYD LO FHOHEUHcodice atlantico, OD SL JUDQGH UDFFROWD GL PDQRVFULWWL H GLVHJQL ULXQLWL LQ XQ YROXPHQHOOD%LEOLRWHFDGHOO¶,VWLWXWRD3DULJLHGLOTXHOODGL:LQGVRUDOWUHGLVLPLOLUDFFROWHLQFRGLFLHFRVuXQFRGLFHQHOOD %LEOLRWHFDGL60LO5HD7RULQRHGDOWURQHOOD7ULYXO]LDQDD0LODQR
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
,,, 3HULRGRUDQGDJLR 3DULJL /RXYUH ²,OULWUDWWRGL,VDEHOODG¶(VWH FDUWRQH )LUHQ]H 8IIL]L ²/¶DGRUD]LRQHGHL0DJL DEER]]R 3DULJL /RXYUH ²/D*LRFRQGD ²6DQ*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWD 5RPD *DOO9DWLFDQD ²6*LURODPRSHQLWHQWH 7RULQR %LEOGL60LO5H ²7HVWDGL9HFFKLR GLVHJQR 3DULJL /RXYUH ²,OJUXSSRGHOOD6$QQD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
(OHQFRGL2SHUH 68//$&8,$775,%8=,21($/(21$5'2*/,678',26,6212 ',6&25', L’Annunziazione degli Uffizi. ²4XHVWDSLWWXUDQRQFRQFRUGDFROOHRSHUHFHUWHGL /HRQDUGRQHSSXUFRQTXHOOHGHOVXRSHULRGRJLRYDQLOHFLRqFROODWHVWDGLDQJLROR GLSLQWD QHO Battesimo GHO 9HUURFFKLR H FROO¶$QQXQ]LD]LRQH GHO /RXYUH Qp FRL GLVHJQLGLTXHOWHPSR La sposina dell’Ambrosiana detta Beatrice d’Este da alcuni, Bianca Maria Sforza da altri. ,O0RUHOOLKDGLPRVWUDWRFKHTXHVW¶RSHUDqGL$PEURJLRGH¶3UHGLVHLO GRWW %RGH DOOD VXD YROWD KD WURYDWR D %HUOLQR QHOOD UDFFROWD /LSSPDQQ LO YHUR ULWUDWWRGL%LDQFD0DULD6IRU]DFKHKDOLQHDPHQWLEHQGLYHUVL1RQSXzQHSSXUH HVVHUH LO ULWUDWWR GL %HDWULFH G¶(VWH SRLFKp GLYHUVL DOWUHVu HUDQR L FDUDWWHUL GHL OLQHDPHQWL GL TXHVWD SULQFLSHVVD FRPH ULOHYDVL GDO EXVWR GL *LDQ &ULVWRIRUR 5RPDQRDO/RXYUHGDOODVWDWXDWRPEDOHJLDFHQWHGL&ULVWRIRUR6RODULDOOD&HUWRVD GL3DYLDHGDOULWUDWWRFKHILJXUDVXOODSDOD1GHOOD*DOOHULD%UHUDDVVHJQDWD DOOR=HQDOH Il ritratto virile dell’Ambrosiana. ÊGLSLQWRFRQXQDWHFQLFDFKHQRQVLULVFRQWUD LQDOFXQDSLWWXUDGL/HRQDUGR La belle ferronière" del Museo del Louvre, detta pure Lucrezia Crivelli. ²,O GLVHJQRODPRGHOOD]LRQH LO FRORULWR OR VWLOH VRQR FRPSOHWDPHQWH GHO%ROWUDIILR VXRDOOLHYR4XDQGRQHOO¶$QQXDULRGHOOH*DOOHULH1D]LRQDOLLWDOLDQH 9ROXPH,9 SXEEOLFDLXQRVWXGLRVXO%ROWUDIILRHGLHGLXQVDJJLRGHOO¶HOHQFRGHOOHVXH RSHUHLQYDQRDJJLXQVLO¶LQGLFD]LRQHGLTXHVW¶RSHUDQHOOHER]]H La Resurrezione di Cristo, nel Museo di Berlino. ²9HJJDVLTXDQWRQHVFULVVHUR GDXQDSDUWHLO'LUHWWRUHGRWWR:%RGHVLDQHOO¶$QQXDULRGHL0XVHLSUXVVLDQLVLD QHOVXRYROXPHVXJOLVFXOWRULHSLWWRULGHO5LQDVFLPHQWRHGLO'RWW3DXO0OOHU :DOGHQHOVXROLEURVX/HRQDUGR OLEURWXWWRUDLQFRPSLXWRPDSXUFRVuSUHJHYROH GDOO¶DOWUDLOVHQDWRUH*LRYDQQL0RUHOOLQHLVXRL.XQVW.ULWLVFKH6WXGLHQ La testa di Cristo, disegno della Galleria Brera. ²&RPHKRJLjDYYHUWLWRTXHVWR GLVHJQRVHEEHQHGLPDQLHUDOHRQDUGHVFDQRQqVXRqGLPDQRGL&HVDUHGD6HVWR LQROWUHQRQKDUHOD]LRQHFROODWHVWDGL&ULVWRQHOOD&HQDGL/HRQDUGR La testa in cera del Museo di Lille. 3ULPDHUDDWWULEXLWDD5DIIDHOORSRLJOLIX WROWDSHUGDUODD/HRQDUGR$QFK¶LRJLXGLFDQGRGDOOHIRWRJUDILHVRWWRLOIDVFLQRGL TXHOODGHOLFDWDHJUD]LRVDILJXUDFUHGHYRVLWUDWWDVVHGLXQDGHOOHFUHD]LRQLLGHDOL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
GL /HRQDUGR PD TXDOH QRQ IX OD PLD PHUDYLJOLD TXDQGR UHFDWRPL D /LOOH H WURYDWRPLILQDOPHQWHGLQDQ]LDTXHOJLRLHOORGRYHWWLULFRQRVFHUHFKHTXHVW¶RSHUD qDOSDULGHOSDQQHJJLDPHQWRLQWHUUDFRWWDFKHODULFLQJHVXOO¶DOWRGHOSHWWRXQ ODYRUR GHO ;9,,, VHFROR R WXWW¶DO SL GHOOD ILQH GHO ;9,, VHFROR ,O WLSR q SUHFLVDPHQWHTXHOORFKHGDOSLDOPHQRJOLDUWLVWLLWDOLDQLGHO;9,,,VHFRORGDYDQR DOOHORURILJXUHPXOLHEULLOWULDQJRORURYHVFLDWRHGDVVDLODUJRQHOTXDOHqLQVFULWWD ODWHVWDGL/LOOHFLGjSUHFLVDPHQWHODSURSRU]LRQHDOORUDDGRWWDWDGLSUHIHUHQ]DSHU OHWHVWHFRVuO¶HVSUHVVLRQHFRVuO¶LGHDOLWjVRQRPDQLIHVWDWHFRPHVLVHQWLYDLQTXHO WHPSR/DFLUFRVWDQ]DFKHVLQRUDKDFRQGRWWRIXRUGLVWUDGDQHOO¶HVDPHGLTXHVWD WHVWDVDUHEEHFKHO¶DUWLVWDO¶KDPRGHOODWDGLJHWWRHQRQKDSLDYXWRLOWHPSRGL
7HVWDPXOLHEUHLQFHUDRSHUDGHO;9,,;9,,,V² /LOOH0XVHR:LFDU ODYRUDUODGLULGXUODQHOOHIRUPHHQHOODPRGHOOD]LRQHDOORVWLOHFODVVLFL]]DQWHGL DOORUD 4XHVWR q OR VWHVVR FDVR FKH DFFDGGH SRL D &DQRYD SHU OD WHVWD GHOOD VXD VWDWXDIXQHUDULDGL3DSD5H]]RQLFRULPDVWDGLVWLOHFRVuGLYHUVRGDWXWWHOHDOWUH VXHRSHUH&LzQRQWRJOLHFKHODWHVWDLQFHUDGHO0XVHR:LFDULQ/LOOHqVHPSUH XQ PLUDFROR GL JUD]LD H GL VRDYH SRHVLD 1HOO¶ LQWHUYDOOR WUD OD 6DQWD &HFLOLD GL 6WHIDQR0DGHUQDHOHRSHUHGHO&DQRYDO¶,WDOLDHUDEHQDQFRUDLQJUDGRGLGDUHLO busto GLLille.
,OJLRUQR6HWWHPEUHGHO'RSRQRQKRFHVVDWRGLULIOHWWHUHDOTXHVLWRHGLULFHUFDUHLQ5RPDHGDOWURYHOHSURYH GHILQLWLYHGHOODPLDFRQFOXVLRQHHQRQPLqVWDWRGLIILFLOHWURYDUOH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&DVLGHOODYLWDGL/HRQDUGRGD9LQFL QDVFHLQ9LQFLSUHVVR(PSROLQHOWHUULWRULRILRUHQWLQR LQWRUQR DO H SUREDELOPHQWH SULPD DQFRUD GDO SDGUH VXR 6HU 3LHURGD9LQFLqDOORJDWRQHOORVWXGLRGHO9HUURFFKLRLQ)LUHQ]H ILJXUDLQVFULWWRQHOOLEURGHOODFRPSDJQLDGHLSLWWRULLQ)LUHQ]H qDQFRUDQHOODERWWHJDGHO9HUURFFKLR ULFHYHO¶RUGLQD]LRQHGLXQTXDGURGHOO¶DGRUD]LRQHGHL0DJL qDQFRULQWHQWRDGLSLQJHUHXQTXDGURGHOORVWHVVRVRJJHWWRHIRUVHqOD PHGHVLPDRSHUD ODVFLD)LUHQ]H VLWURYDLQ0LODQRDOODFRUWHGL/RGRYLFRLOPRUR FRPLQFLDODVWDWXDHTXHVWUHGL)UDQFHVFR6IRU]D HVHJXLVFHLOULWUDWWRGL&HFLOLD*DOOHUDQL ULFHYHO¶RUGLQD]LRQHGLXQPRGHOORSHOWLEXULRGHO'XRPRGL0LODQR )HEEUDLR GLULJH JOL VSHWWDFROL LQ RQRUH GHOOH QR]]H GHO 'XFD *LDQ *DOHD]]RFRQ,VDEHOODG¶$UDJRQD *HQQDLRFRVuSXUHSHUOHQR]]HGL/RGRYLFRLOPRURFRQ%HDWULFH G¶(VWH ULFRPLQFLD XQ QXRYR PRGHOOR GHOOD VWDWXD HTXHVWUH GL )UDQFHVFR 6IRU]D VLRFFXSDDQFRUDGHOWLEXULRGHO'XRPR GLSLQJHQHO&DVWHOORGL0LODQRHGLULJHODGHFRUD]LRQHGLDOFXQHVDOH 'LFHPEUH QR]]H GL %LDQFD 0DULD 6IRU]D FROO¶LPSHUDWRUH 0DVVLPLOLDQR GLSLQJH DL FDSL HVWUHPL LQIHULRUL GHOOD &URFLILVVLRQH GHO 0RQWRUIDQR QHO5HIHWWRULRGHOOH*UD]LHLULWUDWWLGL/RGRYLFRH%HDWULFHHGHLORUR GXHILJOLXROL KDWHUPLQDWRODGHFRUD]LRQHGHOODVDODGHOOHDVVH KDWHUPLQDWRLO&HQDFROR KDWHUPLQDWRLOVHFRQGRPRGHOORGHOODVWDWXDHTXHVWUH ULFHYH LQ GRQR GD /RGRYLFR LO PRUR XQD YLJQD QHL SUHVVL GL 3RUWD 9HUFHOOLQD 6HWWHPEUH/RGRYLFRLOPRURIXJJHGD0LODQR 6HWWHPEUHLO7ULYXO]LRHQWUDLQ0LODQR ³ 1RYHPEUHHQWUD/RGRYLFR;,,5HGL)UDQFLD ³ 'LFHPEUH/HRQDUGRPDQGDWXWWLLVXRLGHQDULD)LUHQ]HSHUPH]]R GLOHWWHUHGLFDPELR $PRUHWWLMemorie storiche di Leonardo da Vinci. *0LODQHVLProspetto cronologico in Vasari, YRO,9SDJHVHJR *8]LHOOLRicerche intorno a Leonardo da Vinci, HGL]LRQHYRO,3XUWURSSRULSHWRQRQSRWUHPRDYHUQRWL]LHVLFXUHVXL FDVLGHOODYLWDGL/HRQDUGRGDOSULQFLSLRGHOO¶DQQR VLQRDOODVXDPRUWHILQRDWDQWRFKHQRQYHUUjSXEEOLFDWDODVHFRQGD HGXOWLPDSDUWHGHOSUH]LRVRODYRURGHOO¶8]LHOOL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&DULFDWXUD² *DOOHULDGL9HQH]LD LO'LFHPEUHRSRFRGRSRSDUWHGD0LODQRFRQ/XFD3DFLROL ³ SDVVDD0DQWRYDRYHGLVHJQDLOFDUWRQHSHOULWUDWWRGL,VDEHOODG¶(VWH D9HQH]LD D )LUHQ]H RYH HVHJXLVFH LO VHFRQGR GHL GXH FDUWRQL GHO JUXSSR GL 6$QQDTXHOORSHUODSDODRUGLQDWDJOLGDLIUDWLGHOO¶$QQXQ]LDWD D)LUHQ]H YLDJJLDQHOO¶8PEULDHQHOOH0DUFKHTXDOHDUFKLWHWWRHGLQJHJQHUHGHO 'XFD9DOHQWLQR%RUJLD D)LUHQ]HRYHIDSDUWHGHOOD&RPPLVVLRQHLQWHUSHOODWDVXOOXRJRSL FRQYHQLHQWHGRYHFROORFDUHLO'DYLGHGL0LFKHODQJHOR D)LUHQ]HRYHGLVHJQDLOFDUWRQHHFRPLQFLDODSLWWXUDGHOODEDWWDJOLGL $QJKLDUL /XJOLRPXRUHVXRSDGUH6HU3LHURGD9LQFL D5RPD ³ D)LUHQ]HRYHWHUPLQDLOULWUDWWRGHOOD*LRFRQGDDOTXDOHODYRUDYDGD DQQL D0LODQRVDOYREUHYLDVVHQ]HRQGHUHFDUVLD)LUHQ]HQHO HSHUODOLWHFRLIUDWHOOLVXOODHUHGLWjSDWHUQD
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&DULFDWXUD² 0LODQR$PEURVLDQD IDXQDQXRYDDSSDUL]LRQHD)LUHQ]H ³ D 0LODQR GRQGH SDUWH LO 6HWWHPEUH FRQ DOFXQL DOOLHYL SHU 5RPD RYHGLSLQJHLOER]]HWWRGL6*LURODPR " ³ D3DUPDGLSDVVDJJLR ³ D)LUHQ]HQHO'LFHPEUH D3DYLDSRLD%RORJQDLQGLD0LODQRSHUO¶XOWLPDYROWD YDLQ)UDQFLDRVSLWHGL)UDQFHVFR,5HGL)UDQFLDHULVLHGHQHO&DVWHO &ORX[SUHVVR$PERLVHGRQGHQRQVLDOORQWDQDSL
&DULFDWXUD² 0LODQR$PEURVLDQD 2WWREUHqYLVLWDWRGDOFDUGLQDOHG¶$UDJRQDFKHORWURYDPDODWLFFLR $SULOHIDWHVWDPHQWR 0DJJLRPXRUH
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
%LEOLRJUDILD 9DVDUL ² Le vite dei più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architetti &RQ QXRYH DQQRWD]LRQLHFRPPHQWLGL*DHWDQR0LODQHVL)LUHQ]H0'&&&/;;,;YRO &$PRUHWWL²Memorie storiche sulla vita, gli studi e le opere di Leonardo da Vinci0LODQR *LXVHSSH%RVVL²Del Cenacolo di Leonardo da Vinci0LODQR */&DOYL²Notizie dei principali professori che fiorirono in Milano ecc3DUWH ,,,/HRQDUGRGD9LQFL0LODQR &DUL%UXQ²Leonardo da Vinci und Bernardino Luini/HLS]LJ *8]LHOOL²Ricerche intorno a Leonardo da Vinci)LUHQ]H *RYL &RORPER0RQJHUL H %RLWR ² Saggio delle opere di Leonardo da Vinci 0LODQR -35LFKWHU²The literary Work of Leonardo da Vinci /RQGUD GXH YROXPLLOOXVWUDWL *8]LHOOL²Ricerche intorno a Leonardo da Vinci6HULH6HFRQGD5RPD :%RGH²Italienische Bildhauer der Renaissance6WXGLHQ]XU*HVFKLFKWHGHU LWDOLHQLVFKHQ3ODVWLNXQG0DOHUHLHFF%HUOLQ /HUPROLHII ² Kunsteritische Studien über italienische Malerei /HLS]LJ 7UH YROXPLH *LRYDQQL0RUHOOL²Della pittura italiana6WXGLLVWRULFLRFULWLFL3ULPDHGL]LRQH LWDOLDQD 7UDGX]LRQH SUHFHGXWD GD FHQQL ELRJUDILFL LQWRUQR D * 0RUHOOL GHWWDWDGD*XVWDYR)UL]]RQL0LODQR &K5DYDLVVRQ0ROOLHQ²Les Manuscripts de Léonard de Vinci3DULV *)UL]]RQL²Arte italiana del Rinascimento LOFDS 0LODQR 3DXO0OOHU:DOGH²Leonardo da Vinci/HEHQVVNL]]HXQG)RUVFKXQJHQHWF 0QFKHQ WUHIDVFLFROLFRQLOOXVWUD]LRQL *8]LHOOL²Ricerche intorno a Leonardo da Vinci6HFRQGDHGL]LRQHFRUUHWWDHG DPSOLDWDYRO,7RULQR 3DXO 0OOHU :DOGH ² Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Leonardo da Vinci 'XH IDVFLFROL SXEEOLFDWL QHO H QHO HVWUDWWL GDJOL $QQXDUL GHL 0XVHL SUXVVLDQL%HUOLQR (0QW]²Léonard de Vinci.3DULVFRQLOOXVWUD]LRQL *DEULHO6pDLOOHV²Léonard de Vinci²l’artiste et le savant3DULV (6ROPL²Leonardo)LUHQ]H /%HOWUDPLIl Codice di Leonardo da Vinci nella Biblioteca del Princ. Trivulzio in Milano0LODQR8OULFR+RHSOL0'&&&;&, +7DLQHPhilosophie de l’artHGL]LRQHLQGXHYROXPL3DULV ' 1LQR 6PLUDJOLD6FRJQDPLJOLR ² 5LFHUFKH H GRFXPHQWL VXOOD JLRYLQH]]D GL /HRQDUGRGD9LQFL1DSROL
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
&DULFDWXUD² 0LODQR$PEURVLDQD /%HOWUDPL²/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLHOD6DODGHOOHDVVHQHO&DVWHOOR GL 0LODQR 0LODQR0&0,, '*HRUJ*URQDXLeonardo da Vinci/RQGRQ Il Codice Atlantico della Biblioteca Ambrosiana 0LODQR 8OULFR +RHSOL SXEEOLFD]LRQHGHOOD5HDOH$FFDGGHL/LQFHL ,1&2562',38%%/,&$=,21( I manoscritti di Windsor I manoscritti di Windsor, del British Museum e del South Kensington Museum
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
$33(1',&( /(21$5'2
Il temperamento ed il carattere morale di Leonardo.
'LUHFHQWHqVWDWDSXEEOLFDWDXQDODUJDUHFHQVLRQHGLXQ¶RSHUDUXVVDVXOJHQLRH VXOO¶LQGROHGL/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLXQ¶RSHUDFKHFLSUHVHQWDLFDSRODYRULGLTXHO JUDQ JHQLR VRWWR XQD OXFH EHQ GLYHUVD GD TXHOOD LQ FXL VLDPR VROLWL DPPLUDUOL (VVHQGR TXHVW¶RSHUD YROXPLQRVD H ULFFKLVVLPD GL LOOXVWUD]LRQL VFULWWD LQ UXVVR OLQJXDFKHEHQSRFKLLQ,WDOLDFRQRVFRQRGREELDPRHVVHUPROWRJUDWLDO6HLGOLW]LO TXDOH GDOOD GRWWD VXD *HUPDQLD QH KD PDQGDWR DSSXQWR XQ HVWHVR UHQGLFRQWR DOO¶´$UFKLYLRVWRULFRORPEDUGR´ ,O 9ROLQVNL WDOH q LO QRPH GHOO¶DXWRUH GHOO¶RSHUD SL FKH UDFFRJOLHUH WXWWL L PDWHULDOLVSHWWDQWLD/HRQDUGRKDYROXWRFHUFDUGLSHQHWUDUH²SHUPH]]RGLXQD FULWLFD YLYD HG LQFLVLYD ² ILQ QHJOL LQWLPL VHJUHWL GL TXHVW¶DQLPD FRPSOHVVD H VWUDRUGLQDULD&RVuGLFHLO6HLGOLW]LOTXDOHWHUPLQDODVXDUHFHQVLRQHFRQFOXGHQGR FKH´O¶$SXzYDQWDUVLGLDYHUHDSRFRDSRFRFDPELDWR/HRQDUGRGDXQDVILQJH HQLJPDWLFDHVHGXFHQWHLQXQDILJXUDXPDQDFDUDWWHULVWLFDHFRPSUHQVLELOHFKHGD XQODWRDSUHGHOOHYDVWHSURVSHWWLYHQHOOHIXWXUHULFHUFKHVFLHQWLILFKHHGDOO¶DOWUR FRQFHQWUDLQVpODORWWDGLGXHHWjGHOO¶HWjDQWLFDFROODPRGHUQD´ $TXHVWRSURSRVLWRPLVLDFRQFHVVRGLDJJLXQJHUHEUHYLFRQVLGHUD]LRQL /HLQYHVWLJD]LRQLFULWLFKHGHO9ROLQVNLKDQQRqLQQHJDELOHXQDEDVHSRVLWLYDH VFLHQWLILFD H FHUWDPHQWH VDUDQQR EDVH SHU XOWHULRUL LQYHVWLJD]LRQL VXOOD YLWD JOL VWXGL OH ULFHUFKH VSHULPHQWDOL OH FRQTXLVWH VFLHQWLILFKH L SHQVLHUL H O¶DQLPR GL /HRQDUGR PD SHU LQWDQWR OH FRQFOXVLRQL GHO SL DVVROXWR SHVVLPLVPRFXLO¶$ DGGLYLHQHULVFKLDUDQRIRUVHODQDWXUDGHOOHFUHD]LRQLDUWLVWLFKHGLTXHOJUDQJHQLR" qIRUVHDOODVWUHJXDGHOOHVHQWHQ]HFROOHTXDOLHJOLVSRJOLDGLRJQLEHOOH]]DHGLRJQL LGHDOLWjRSHUHFRPHODCena, ODGioconda, LOJUXSSRGHOODSant’Anna GHOFDUWRQH GL/RQGUD LOSan Giovanni Battista, FKHQRLSRWUHPRG¶RUDLQQDQ]LFRQWHPSODUOH" 'LUzIUDQFDPHQWHFKHORVWXGLRVFLHQWLILFRFULWLFRGHO9ROLQVNL SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OH FUHD]LRQL DUWLVWLFKH GL /HRQDUGR PL SDUH XQLODWHUDOH LQFRPSOHWR /HJJHQGROR PL ID O¶HIIHWWR GL HVVHUH LQ XQ DQILWHDWUR DQDWRPLFR H FKH XQ SURIHVVRUHGLDQDWRPLDDVVXPDOXLGLVSLHJDUHOHEHOOH]]HGLXQFRUSRXPDQRGL IRUPHSHUIHWWHFRPHTXHOOHGHOOD9HQHUHGL0LORHGDTXHVWRVFRSRHGLQWHQWRHJOL ORVSRJOLGHOODVXDSHOOHORGLVVHFKLQHIDFFLDULOHYDUHLOPDUDYLJOLRVRRUJDQLVPR L SDUWLFRODUL H WXWWL JOL DOWUL HOHPHQWL DQDWRPLFL PD SRL ² D VWXGLR ILQLWR ² FL ULSUHVHQWLTXHOFRUSRULFRPSRVWRPDDQFRUDVFRUWLFDWRSULYRGHOODSHOOHHFKHGHO PHGHVLPRLQWDOHVWDWRHJOLSUHWHQGDVLIDFFLDO¶DSSUH]]DPHQWRHVWHWLFR,QTXHVWH
$ / 9ROLQVNL ©/HRQDUGR GD 9LQFL ª 3LHWUREXUJR $ ) 0DU[ ² 7HVWR UXVVR FRQ QXPHURVH WDYROH HG LOOXVWUD]LRQL :YRQ6HLGOLW]8Q¶RSHUDUXVVDVX/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLªQHOO¶$UFKLYLRVWRULFRORPEDUGRIDVF,,,GHO
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
FRQGL]LRQLDQFKHODSLEHOODILJXUDGHOPRQGRQRQDSSDULUjFKHLQFRPSOHWDHVDUj JLXGLFDWDLQFRPSOHWDPHQWHHDGRJQLPRGRDYUjXQDVSHWWREUXWWRPRVWUXRVR &RPXQTXH TXDQGR SXUH /HRQDUGR IRVVH VWDWR PRUDOPHQWH TXDOH LO 9ROLQVNL YXROH GLPRVWUDUH XQD WDOH LQGROH HG XQ VLIIDWWR FDUDWWHUH QRQ SRWUHEEHUR PHQRPDUHODVXSUHPDEHOOH]]DHGLGHDOLWjGHOOHVXHRSHUHDUWLVWLFKH1HJOLDUWLVWL DEELDPRGLIUHTXHQWHODVWUDQDFRLQFLGHQ]DGLTXDOLWjGLYHUVHHGRSSRVWHFKHVL PDQLIHVWDQROHXQHQHOO¶HVWHUQRDSSDULUHGHLPHGHVLPLHQHOORURPRGRGLSHQVDUH HFRPSRUWDUVLOHDOWUHQHOOHORURRSHUHDEELDPRSHUHVHPSLRDUWLVWLWDFLWXUQLFKH QHLORURTXDGULVRQROLHWLHSLDFHYROLDUWLVWLORTXDFLDOOHJULFKHQRQWUDWWDQRFKH VRJJHWWLWHWULHOLVYROJRQRFRQSLWWXUDJULJLDÊTXHVWRLQVRVWDQ]DLOIHQRPHQRFKH &RUUDGR 5LFFL FKLDPD GHOOR VGRSSLDPHQWR (G LR FKH QHOOR VWXGLRHQHOOD LQWHUSUHWD]LRQHGHOO¶DUWHHGHJOLDUWLVWLGHOSDVVDWRDSSOLFRLIHQRPHQLGHOO¶DUWHGHL WHPSLQRVWULHOHFLUFRVWDQ]HHFRQGL]LRQLGLYLWDLQFOLQD]LRQHDWWLWXGLQLFKHYDGR RVVHUYDQGR QHJOL DUWLVWL RGLHUQL SRWUHL VSLHJDUPL SHUIHWWDPHQWH DQFKH OD FRQWUDGGL]LRQH OR VGRSSLDPHQWR FKH SHU /HRQDUGR VL GRYUHEEH ULFRQRVFHUH TXDORUDODWHVLHOHWHRULHGHO9ROLQVNLVXOGLOXLWHPSHUDPHQWRLQGROHHGDQLPR IRVVHURFRUULVSRQGHQWLDOODUHDOWj Il ritratto di Leonardo.
YHJJDVLDSDJHGHOWHVWR >SDJH@ ,O0RUHOOLDYHYDDYYHUWLWRFKHODWHVWDGLYHFFKLRGHOGLVHJQRGHOOD%LEOLRWHFD GHO 5H LQ 7RULQR QRQ SXz HVVHUH LO ULWUDWWR GL /HRQDUGR H FKH EHQ SL SUREDELOPHQWHLOLQHDPHQWLGLTXHOJUDQJHQLRFLVRQRFRQVHUYDWLLQXQGLVHJQRGL XQVXRDOOLHYRHVLVWHQWHQHOOD%LEOLRWHFDUHDOHGL:LQGVRU(EEHQHQHOODUHFHQWH SXEEOLFD]LRQHGHLIDFVLPLOLGLGLVHJQLGL/HRQDUGRGHOOD*DOOHULDGHOO¶$PEURVLDQD LQ 0LODQR q SXU DJJLXQWD OD ULSURGX]LRQH GHOOH GXH ILJXUH GL 3ODWRQH HG $ULVWRWLOHGHOFDUWRQHGL5DIIDHOORSHUODVXD6FXRODG¶$WHQHFDUWRQHFKHFRPH VL VD q DQFKH SRVVHGXWR GDOO¶$PEURVLDQD H VRWWR D TXHVWH GXH ILJXUH /XFD %HOWUDPL FKH KD GHWWDWR LO WHVWR LOOXVWUDWLYR GHOOD SXEEOLFD]LRQH KD SRVWR OD VHJXHQWHLQGLFD]LRQHQHOODILJXUDGL3ODWRQHVLULWLHQHRUDHIILJLDWR/HRQDUGRGD 9LQFL ÊLQQHJDELOHFKHTXHVWDWHVWDGHOODILJXUDGL3ODWRQHGHOFDUWRQHGL5DIIDHOOR FRQFRUGLFROSUHGHWWRGLVHJQRGL:LQGVRU/¶RSLQLRQHGHO0RUHOOLQHWUDHDGXQTXH PDJJLRUHFRQIHUPD
'LVHJQLGL/HRQDUGRHGHOODVXDVFXRODDOOD%LEOLRWHFD$PEURVLDQD;;9,WDYROHGL&DUOR)XPDJDOOLHWHVWRGL/XFD )HOWUDPL0LODQR6WDELOLPHQWR0RQWDERQH0&0,9
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
I disegni artistici di Leonardo. SDJQRWD,HSDJ%LEOLRJUDILD >SDJQRWDHSDJ@ %HUQDUGR%HUHQVRQKDSXEEOLFDWRXQDJUDQGHHGLPSRUWDQWHRSHUDLQIROLRVXL GLVHJQL GHL SLWWRUL ILRUHQWLQL HG LQ TXHVWD Gj DQFKH XQ FDWDORJR UDJLRQDWR GHL GLVHJQLDUWLVWLFLGL/HRQDUGRHVFOXGHQGRFLRqTXHOOLVFLHQWLILFLHVXGGLYLGHQGROR VHFRQGRL0XVHLHOH5DFFROWHLQFXLKDVWXGLDWRLGLVHJQLLQGLVFRUVR5LWHQJRXWLOH GLGDUHDOPHQRO¶HOHQFRGLWXWWLFRGHVWL0XVHLH5DFFROWHFKHSRVVHJJRQRDGXQTXH GLVHJQLGHO*UDQGH0DHVWUR $PEXUJR .XQVWKDOOH 2[IRUG &KULVW&KXUFK/LEUDU\ $PVWHUGDP )RGRU0XVHXP ª 8QLYHUVLW\*DOOHU\ %XGDSHVW 0XVHR1D]LRQDOH 3DULJL 0XVHRGHO/RXYUH &RORQLD 5DFF:DOUDII5LFKDUG 7RULQR %LEOLRWHFDGL60LO 5H /RQGUD %ULWLVK0XVHXP 9HQH]LD *DOOHUGHOO¶$FFDGHPLD ª 5R\DO$FDGHP\ 9LHQQD 5DFFROWDO¶©$OEHUWLQDª 0LODQR %LEOLRWHFD$PEURVLDQD :LOWRQ+RXVH 5DFFROWDGL/RUG3HPEURNH ª %LEOLRWHFD7ULYXO]LDQD :LQGVRU 5R\DO/LEUDU\ FRGLFH ,QILQH ULWHQJR SXUH XWLOH GDUH DQFKH OD LQGLFD]LRQH ELEOLRJUDILFD GHOOD SXEEOLFD]LRQH GHL FRGLFL OHRQDUGHVFKL ROWUH TXHOOR $WODQWLFR GHOO¶$PEURVLDQD H TXHOOR 7ULYXO]LDQR JLj LQGLFDWL QHOOD %LEOLRJUDILD D SDJ >SDJ H @ /D SXEEOLFD]LRQHGHLIDFVLPLOLGHLGLVHJQLGL/HRQDUGRIUDQRQPROWRVDUjFRPSOHWD HG DOORUD VDUj ILQDOPHQWH SRVVLELOH XQR VWXGLR ULDVVXQWLYR GL TXHVWD SDUWH FRVu FRVSLFXDGHOODGLOXLFUHD]LRQHHSURGX]LRQHDUWLVWLFD &K5DYDLVVRQ0ROOLHQ/HVPDQXVFULSWVGH/pRQDUGGH9LQFL3DULV4XDQWLQ 0DQXVFULSWV $ GHOD%LEOLRWKTXHGHO¶,QVWLWXW %HW' &(. ), */0 + HW$VKGHOD%LEOLRWKqTXH1DWLRQDOH 31)HUUL,QGLFLHFDWDORJKLGHLGLVHJQLDQWLFKLHPRGHUQLSRVVHGXWLGDOOD 5*DOOHULDGHJOL8IIL]LGL)LUHQ]H5RPD 7K6DEDNQLNRII/HVPDQXVFULSWVGHOD%LEOLRWKqTXHUR\DHGH:LQGVRU 3DULV5RXYH\UH %HUQDUG%HUHQVRQ©7KHGUDZLQJVRI)LRUHQWLQH3DLQWHUVFODVVLILHGFULWLFLVHGDQGVWXGLHGDVGRFXPHQWVLQWKHKLVWRU\DQG DSSUHFLDWLRQRI7XVFDQ$UWZLWKDFRSLXVFDWDORJXHUDLVRQQpª/RQGRQ-RKQ0XUUD\0&0,,,
,Q³/HRSHUHGL/HRQDUGR%UDPDQWHH5DIIDHOOR´0LODQR
3LXPDWL HW 5DYDLVVRQ 0ROOLHQ ,O FRGLFH GHO YROR GHJOL XFFHOOL 3DULV 5RXYH\UH )HXLOOHWVLQpGLWVGH/pRQDUGGH9LQFLDFFRPSDJQpVGHSOXVLHXUVPLOOLHUVGH FURTXLV HW GH GHVVLQV ² 5R\D- /LEUDU\ :LQGVRU ² 3DULV (GRYDUG 5RXYH\UH pGLWHXU LQFRUVRGLSXEEOLFD]LRQHGDO 0DQXVFULSWVLQpGLWVGH/pRQDUGGH9LQFL²%ULWLVK0XVHXP/RQGRQ FRPHVRSUD &DUQHWVLQpGLWVGH/pRQDUGGH9LQFL)RUVWHU/LEUDU\6RXWK.HQVLQJWRQ 0XVHXP/RQGRQ FRPHVRSUD L L SDJOLQHD>SDJOLQHD@OHJJHUHmolto numeroseLQYHFHdi molte numerose