DOCSLIB.ORG

Oskar Vogt: the First Myeloarchitectonic Map Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oskar Vogt: the First Myeloarchitectonic Map Of Communication • DOI: 10.2478/v10134-010-0005-z • Translational Neuroscience • 1(1) • 2010 • 72–94 Translational Neuroscience OSKAR VOGT: THE FIRST MYELOARCHITECTONIC MAP OF Miloš Judaš1 THE HUMAN FRONTAL CORTEX Maja Cepanec1,2 Abstract 1University of Zagreb School of The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to provide the translation in English of Oskar Vogt’s seminal 1910 paper Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain describing the first myeloarchitectonic map of the human frontal cortex, introduced by a brief historical review Research, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, of Cécile & Oskar Vogt’s contribution to neuroscience; (b) to provide an annotated bibliography of major works of Croatia cortical cytoarchitectonics and myeloarchitectonics in the tradition of the Brodmann-Vogt architectonic school 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of (Supplement 2); and (c) to provide an annotated bibliography of major works of the Russian architectonic school Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Speech and which was founded by Oskar Vogt (Supplement 3). Language Pathology, Developmental Neurolinguistics Lab, 10000 Zagreb, Keywords Croatia Brodmann-Vogt architectonic school • cytoarchictonics • myeloarchitectonics cerebral cortex • Russian architectonic school • history of neuroscience Received 04 March 2010 © Versita Sp. z o.o. Accepted 20 March 2010 1. Introduction (the chief of the university psychiatric clinic) In the Spruce Mountains (Fichtelbirge) who firmly believed that mental disorders had region, there was an exclusive resort called Cécile and Oskar Vogt were pioneers of an anatomical basis. Oskar Vogt graduated as Alexandersbad, and in the summer of 1896 modern neuroscience who opened new a physician in 1893, and in 1894 obtained his Vogt accepted position there as a physician horizons and pointed to directions for future doctorate in medicine from Jena University, to (Kurarzt). That was a very fortunate move, development and progress. Their biographies become employed for a year at Binswanger’s because there he quickly became a friend and and accomplishments have been repeatedly clinic. However, during the same year he moved personal physician of Friedrich Alfred Krupp described [1-5] and their names are probably to renown Burghölzli psychiatric hospital near and his wife Margarethe. As documented in familiar to any informed neuroscientist of Zürich, to study with Auguste Henri Forel detail by Klatzo [5], this intimate bond with today. However, only a few seem to be really (1848-1931). That collaboration turned into Krupp family became instrumental in Vogt’s familiar with their magnificient scientific opus warm and life-long friendship. For example, spectacular ascent to the peak of his career – probably because none of their papers were Forel transferred to Vogt the editorship of in brain research, as well as for saving and ever published (or translated) in English. The the Journal of Hypnotism (Zeitschrift für protecting the Vogt family at a later time purpose of this article is to start to fill this gap, Hypnotismus, which was founded by Forel and from severe persecution by the Nazi regime. by offering an English translation of the paper Freud), and in 1902 Vogt converted this journal In addition, there was another Kurarzt at describing the first myeloarchitectonic map of into the Journal of Psychology and Neurology Alexandersbad – Korbinian Brodmann (1868- the human frontal cortex, which Oskar Vogt (Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie) which 1918; for biography see ref. 7), who would published in 1910 (6). A brief biographical and was to become not only the main vehicle for soon became one of Vogt’s most valuable historical introduction will serve to emphasize publication of research results of Vogt and research collaborators. the importance of this seminal contribution to his collaborators, but also one of the leading Vogt departed from Alexanderbad at cortical architectonics. neuroscience journals in the first half of the the beginning of 1897 and went to Paris, Oskar Vogt (1870-1959) was born on April 20th century. to continue his studies in the laboratory of 6, 1870 in Husum (Schleswig-Holstein) and, After studying with Forel, Vogt went to Jules Déjérine. There, in the neighbouring following his graduation from the Husum the psychiatric and neurological clinic at the laboratory (led by Pierre Marie) was working gymnasium in 1888, he began his university University of Leipzig, to study under Paul one of the first female medical students studies at the Kiel University. In 1890, he Flechsig (who introduced myelogenetic in Paris, Cécile Mugnier (1875-1962), who transferred to the medical faculty of the studies in neuroscience). However, the worked on her thesis concerning the University of Jena, where he was greatly working relationship between Vogt and myelinization of cerebral hemispheres. They influenced by evolutionary teachings of Ernst Flechsig quickly deteriorated, so that Vogt left soon met, recognized their mutual scientific Haeckel as well as teachings of Otto Binswanger Leipzig already in June 1895 (5). interest, fell deeply in love, and married in * E-mail: [email protected] 72 Translational Neuroscience March 1899. Throughout Oskar Vogt’s career, Rockefeller Foundation [5]. Unfortunately, the its pathology [22-27]; and (d) the concept Cécile remained his best and closest research Vogts did not enjoy for long the use of their of pathoclisis for explaining the selective collaborator. new facilities – under increasing pressure of vulnerability of certain areas within the cerebral Oskar and Cécile Vogt moved to Berlin, Nazis, Vogt was forced to resign on April 1, cortex and related subcortical structures [28- started a private practice, and in 1898 (with 1937 (Hugo Spatz became the new director 32]. They also published a methodological generous assistance of Krupps) established of the Institute). Once more, Krupps not only chapter in a leading handbook of microscopical an independent brain research laboratory protected Vogts from Nazis, but helped them anatomy [33]. which was boldly named as „Neurologische to move in Neustadt (Swarzwald) and establish On the other hand, the development of Zentralstation“ (Neurological Center). In there a new, but smaller institute (Institut cytoarchitectonics and myeloarchitectonics September 1901, Korbinian Brodmann joined für Hirnforschung und allgemeine Biologie of the cerebral cortex was primarilly the the team, and Max Bielschowsky followed in Neustadt/Schwarzwald). After the Oskar Vogt’s challenge facing Korbinian Brodmann, 1904. The group ambitiously and feverishly death in 1959, Adolf Hopf (for biography, see Oskar Vogt and their numerous students. begun to realize their research program, ref. 8) became the new director of the Neustadt Brodmann focused on cytoarchitectonics which soon led to the birth of modern Institute. Hopf successfully negotiated with [see Supplement 2], while Oskar Vogt focused architectonics of the cerebral cortex. In the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, on myeloarchitectonics and on the general addition, Oskar Vogt and Krupps spared no and in 1965 the Neustadt Institute became exposition and promotion of their new effort in trying to affiliate Vogt’s laboratory to the Cécile and Oskar Vogt Brain Research approach [34-36] which remained his major the prestigious Friedrich-Wilhelm University Institute, GMBH, at the Düsseldorf University preoccupation throughout his long career [37- of Berlin. The struggle was long and hard, (C. und O. Vogt-Institut für Hirnforschung der 41]. In addition, Oskar Vogt was instrumental but eventually successful. In 1902, Vogt’s Universität Düsseldorf in Neustadt). The transfer in establishing the Brain Research Institute Neurological Center became Neurobiological from Neustadt to the newly prepared facilites in Moscow and from 1925 to 1930 served as Laboratory (Neurobiologisches Laboratorium took place in 1971 [5]. Afther the retirement of its director [38]. Thus was established the der Universität in Berlin), administratively Adolf Hopf, Professor Karl Zilles was appointed important and productive Russian school of attached to the Physiological Institute of the as the director, and the institute still thrives cortical architectonics [see Supplement 3]. Berlin University – but still remained at Vogt’s under his leadership. However, all these management and apartment at Magdeburger Strasse [5]. Adolf Hopf also succeeded Oskar Vogt as promotional activities and responsibilities (in In 1911, Germany decided to establish the editor of the Journal für Psychologie und addition to numerous studies which Oskar the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for Promotion of Neurologie, which in 1954 changed its name Vogt conducted in a close collaboration the Sciences (Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur into the Journal für Hirnforschung, and in late with Cécile Vogt) significantly delayed the Förderung der Wissenschaften), and the idea of 1990s changed again into the Journal of Brain publication of his own myeloarchitectonic creating an independent K-W Brain Research Research. findings. Thus, between 1908 and Institute soon became one of the main topics 1910, Oskar Vogt briefly announced his on Kaiser Wilhelm Society’s agenda. Oskar myeloarchitectonic parcellation of the Vogt was quick to seize the opportunity, and 2. A brief overview of major human cerebral cortex at several scientific Krupps were once more ready to help. Thus, in research publications of vogts meetings: on January 13, 1908 at the March 1913, Oskar Vogt and Max Bielschowsky
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part II: Resistance Against the Third Reich Lawrence A
    HISTORICAL REVIEW Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part II: Resistance against the Third Reich Lawrence A. Zeidman ABSTRACT: Previously, I mentioned that not all neuroscientists collaborated with the Nazis, who from 1933 to 1945 tried to eliminate neurologic and psychiatric disease from the gene pool. Oskar and Cécile Vogt openly resisted and courageous ly protested against the Nazi regime and its policies, and have been discussed previously in the neurology literature. Here I discuss Alexander Mitscherlich, Haakon Saethre, Walther Spielmeyer, Jules Tinel, and Johannes Pompe. Other neuroscientists had ambivalent roles, including Hans Creutzfeldt, who has been discussed previously. Here, I discuss Max Nonne, Karl Bonhoeffer, and Oswald Bumke. The neuroscientists who resisted had different backgrounds and moti vations that likely influenced their behavior, but this group undoubtedly saved lives of colleagues, friends, and patients, or at least prevented forced sterilizations. By recognizing and understanding the actions of these heroes of neuroscience, we pay homage and realize how ethics and morals do not need to be compromised even in dark times. RÉSUMÉ: Neuroscience en Europe sous domination nazie, 2e partie : résistance contre le Troisième Reich. J’ai mentionné antéri eurement que tous les neuroscientifiques n’avaient pas collaboré avec les nazis qui, de 1933 à 1945, ont tenté d’éliminer la maladie neurologique et psychiatrique du patrimoine génétique. Oskar et Cécile Vogt se sont opposés ouvertement et ont protesté courageusement contre le régime nazi et ses politiques. Ce sujet a déjà été exposé dans la littérature neurologique. Je discute ici d’Alexander Mitscherlich, de Haakon Saethre, de Walther Spielmeyer, de Jules Tinel et de Johannes Pompe.
    [Show full text]
  • Außenseiter: Cécile Und Oskar Vogts Hirnforschung Um 1900 Satzinger, Helga 2011
    Repositorium für die Geschlechterforschung Außenseiter: Cécile und Oskar Vogts Hirnforschung um 1900 Satzinger, Helga 2011 https://doi.org/10.25595/241 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Sammelbandbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Satzinger, Helga: Außenseiter: Cécile und Oskar Vogts Hirnforschung um 1900, in: Bleker, Johanna; Hulverscheidt, Marion; Lenning, Petra (Hrsg.): Visiten. Berliner Impulse zur Entwicklung der modernen Medizin (Berlin: Kulturverlag Kadmos, 2011), 179-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25595/241. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY 4.0 Lizenz (Namensnennung) This document is made available under a CC BY 4.0 License zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz finden (Attribution). For more information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de www.genderopen.de Johanna Bleker, Marion Hulverscheidt, Petra Lennig (Hg.) Visiten Berliner Impulse zur Entwicklung der modernen Medizin Mit Beiträgen von Thomas Beddies, Johanna Bleker, Gottfried Bogusch, Miriam Eilers, Christoph Gradmann, Rainer Herrn, Petra Lennig, Ilona Marz, Helga Satzinger, Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach und Thomas Schnalke Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin Inhalt Vorwort . 7 Einleitung . 9 Auf dem Weg zur naturwissenschaftlichen Medizin 1810–1870 Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach Grenzverschiebungen. Zur Berliner Psychiatrie im 19. Jahrhundert................ 19 Ilona Marz Stiefkind der Medizin? Die Anfänge der akademischen Zahnheilkunde in Berlin ............................... 37 Petra Lennig Benötigen Ärzte Philosophie? Die Diskussion um das Philosophicum 1825−1861 . 55 Gottfried Bogusch Wissenschaftler, Lehrer, Sammler. Der erste Berliner Universitätsanatom Karl Asmund Rudolphi.. 73 Johanna Bleker »Schönlein ist angekommen!« Der Begründer der klinischen Methode in Berlin 1840−1859.................. 89 Thomas Schnalke Die Zellenfrage.
    [Show full text]
  • Der Briefwechsel Zwischen Ludwig Binswanger Und Eugen Bleuler Von 1907 – 1939 Im Spannungsfeld Von Psychoanalyse Und Psychiatrie in Der Ersten Hälfte Des 20
    Aus dem Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin der Universität Tübingen Direktor: Professor Dr. Dr. U. Wiesing Der Briefwechsel zwischen Ludwig Binswanger und Eugen Bleuler von 1907 – 1939 im Spannungsfeld von Psychoanalyse und Psychiatrie in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Eberhard-Karls-Universität zu Tübingen vorgelegt von Susanne Apelt-Riel, geb. Apelt aus Cottbus 2009 Dekan: Professor Dr. I. B. Autenrieth 1. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. G. Fichtner 2. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. G. Buchkremer Inhaltsverzeichnis EINLEITUNG....................................................................... 4 Textgestaltung ...............................................................................................5 A. BIOGRAPHISCHE SKIZZEN ZU EUGEN BLEULER..... 7 UND LUDWIG BINSWANGER ........................................... 7 1. Eugen Bleuler (1857 – 1939) ....................................................................7 1. 1. Herkunft, Jugend- und Studentenzeit, erste Assistentenjahre, Studienreisen und Promotion (1857-1881) ................................................................................................ 7 1. 2. Die Rheinauer Zeit (1886-1898) ........................................................................ 22 1. 3. Wissenschaftliche Grundposition (1894) ........................................................... 26 1. 4. Direktor der Universitätsklinik Zürich "Burghölzli".........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nikolay Vladimirovich Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1900-1981
    Copyright 2001 by the Genetics Society of America Perspectives Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics Edited by James F. Crow and William F. Dove Nikolay Vladimirovich Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1900±1981): Twin of the Century of Genetics Vadim A. Ratner Institute of Cytology & Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Don't treat science with savage seriousness. N. V. Timofeeff-Ressovsky ikolay Vladimirovich Timofeeff-Ressovsky born Moscow University, participated in various intellectual N September 7, 1900, would now be 100 years old. circles, sang as a ®rst bass in the Moscow military chorus, He was of the same age as the ªCentury of Genetics.º was a load-carrying worker, and ®nished Moscow Univer- This is especially notable now, at the border between sity in 1922. Later he talked about this grim period two millennia, ªa time to cast away stones, and a time (Timofeeff-Ressovsky 2000, p. 106): ªI think, never- to gather stones together.º It is remarkable that the theless, that all in all the life was merry±very few hungry, personality and fate of Nikolay V. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, very few frozen. Rather, people were young, healthy, N.V., re¯ect the most crucial, tragic, and dramatic events and vigorous.º of the century. In 1922 N.V. began his work as a scientist at the Insti- N. V.'s roots were in the nineteenth century, in Rus- tute of Experimental Biology with Professor N. K. Kolt- sian history and classics. His genealogy is living Russian sov. Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov was an outstanding history: It contains the Cossaks of the legendary Cossak ®gure in Russian biological science.
    [Show full text]
  • In Retrospect: Brodmann's Brain
    OPINION NATURE|Vol 461|15 October 2009 In Retrospect: Brodmann’s brain map A classic neurology text written 100 years ago still provides the core principles for linking the anatomy of the cerebral cortex to its functions today, explains Jacopo Annese. Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex Using a microscope designed for the purpose, discuss these towards the end. Some of his by Korbinian Brodmann he undertook meticulous examinations of peers were more forthright about labelling First published 1909 (in German). cortical tissue from the brains of humans and cortical regions according to function, notably many other mammals, the results of which the Australian-born neurologist A. W. Camp- enabled him to construct his map of the human bell, who used clinical evidence with results The development of advanced magnetic cortex. The map looks simple, yet the book from physiological experiments and anatomi- resonance imaging techniques over the past makes it clear it is based on a monumental cal analysis to make his case. Still, Brodmann’s 30 years has heralded today’s ‘golden age’ of analytical effort. His exquisite powers of obser- objective approach has ensured that his maps human brain mapping. Yet in the quest to chart vation and great attention to detail transform have endured, eclipsing others of the time such structural and functional subdivisions in the for the reader the tedium of scientific annota- as Campbell’s. brain, and in the cerebral cortex in particular, tion into an exercise in anatomical voyeurism. Another of Brodmann’s long-lasting the first quarter of the twentieth century was achievements documented in the book is his at least as momentous.
    [Show full text]
  • ELECTRICITY AS the MEDIUM of PSYCHIC LIFE Argument "Here in Front of My Eyes, in the Graph with All Its Peaks and Numbers
    ELECTRICITY AS THE MEDIUM OF PSYCHIC LIFE PSYCHOTECHNICS, THE RADIO, AND THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM IN WEIMAR GERMANY Cornelius Borck Argument The commodification of electricity since 1900 furnished the 'civilized' world with new attractions and revolutionized everyday-life with all forms of tools and gadgets; it also opened up – technically and intellectually – a new space for investigating psycho-physical interaction, reviving ideas of a close linkage between psychic life and electricity. The paper traces the emergence of this electro-psychological framework beyond 'electroencephalography,' the recording of electrical brain waves, to 'diagnoscopy,' a personality profiling by an electric phrenology. Diagnoscopy opens up a window on to the scientific and public cultures of electricity and psychical processes in Weimar Germany. It garnered enormous attention in the press and was quickly taken up by several institutions for vocational guidance, because it offered a rapid and technological alternative to laborious psychological testing or 'subjective' interviewing. Academic psychology and leading figures in brain research reacted with horror; forging counter measures which finally resulted in this technique being denounced as quackery. A few years later, the press celebrated electroencephalography as a mind reading device, whereas Berger's colleagues remained skeptical of its significance and the very possibility of an 'electroencephalogram,' before they adapted electroencephalography as a tool for representing various neuro-psychiatric conditions in patterns of recorded signals. The blending of holistic psychophysiology and electrical engineering marks the formation of an electric epistemology in the scientific as well as public understanding of the psyche. The transformations of electrodiagnosis, from Bissky and popular electric psychophysiology to Berger, are indicative of a larger cultural shift in which electricity changed its role from being the power source for experimental apparatuses to becoming the medium of psychic processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Genes and Men
    Genes and Men 50 Years of Research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Genes and Men 50 Years of Research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics contents 4 Preface martin vingron 6 Molecular biology in Germany in the founding period of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics hans-jörg rheinberger 16 some questions to olaf pongs und volkmar braun 18 From the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics to the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics carola sachse 32 some questions to kenneth timmis und reinhard lührmann 34 Remembering Heinz Schuster and 30 years of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics karin moelling 48 some questions to regine kahmann und klaus bister 50 Ribosome research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin-Dahlem – The Wittmann era knud h. nierhaus 60 some questions to tomas pieler und albrecht bindereif 62 “ I couldn’t imagine anything better.” thomas a. trautner interviewed by ralf hahn 74 some questions to claus scheidereit und adam antebi 76 50 years of research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics – The transition towards human genetics karl sperling 90 some questions to ann ehrenhofer-murray und andrea vortkamp 92 Genome sequencing and the pathway from gene sequences to personalized medicine russ hodge 106 some questions to edda klipp und ulrich stelzl 108 Transformation of biology to an information science jens g. reich 120 some questions to sylvia krobitsch und sascha sauer 122 Understanding the rules behind genes catarina pietschmann 134 some questions to ho-ryun chung und ulf ørom 136 Time line about the development of molecular biology and the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics 140 Imprint preface research in molecular biology and genetics has undergone a tremen- dous development since the middle of the last century, marked in particular by the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick and the interpretation of the genetic code by Holley, Khorana and Nirenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreword by Marguerite Vogt
    Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements Editor: H.-J. Reulen Assistant Editor: H.-J. Steiger 1. Klatzo Cecile and Oskar Vogt: The Visionaries of Modern Neuroscience In Collaboration with Gabriele Zu Rhein Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 80 Springer-V erlag Wien GmbH Prof. Df. Igor Klatzo Gaithersburg, MD, USA Prof. Df. Gabriele Zu Rhein University of Wisconsin - Madison, Medical School, Madison, WI, USA This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines ar similar means, and storage in data banks. Printing was supparted by Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Kiiln, and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt © 2002 Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for ali the information contained in this book. This does also refer to information about drug dosage and application thereof. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceuticalliterature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant proteetive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Aseo Typesetters, Hong Kong Jacket illustrations: Ceeile Vogt, drawing by Gerd Aretz, reproduced from a stamp issued by Deutsehe Bundespost in 1989 within the series "Frauen der deutsehen Gesehiehte", eourtesy of Gerd Aretz; Oskar Vogt, drawing by Gustav A. Rieth, courtesy of Hedwig Rieth SPIN: 10867771 With 14 Figures CIP data supplied for ISSN 0065-1419 ISBN 978-3-7091-7291-9 ISBN 978-3-7091-6141-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-6141-8 Contents Curriculum Vitae..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Human Pallidothalamic and Cerebellothalamic Tracts: Anatomical Basis for Functional Stereotactic Neurosurgery
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Brain Struct Funct (2008) 212:443–463 DOI 10.1007/s00429-007-0170-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts: anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery Marc N. Gallay Æ Daniel Jeanmonod Æ Jian Liu Æ Anne Morel Received: 7 September 2007 / Accepted: 20 December 2007 / Published online: 10 January 2008 Ó The Author(s) 2008 Abstract Anatomical knowledge of the structures to be two tracts in the subthalamic region, (3) the possibility to targeted and of the circuitry involved is crucial in stereo- discriminate between different subthalamic fibre tracts on tactic functional neurosurgery. The present study was the basis of immunohistochemical stainings, (4) correla- undertaken in the context of surgical treatment of motor tions of histologically identified fibre tracts with high- disorders such as essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s resolution MRI, and (5) evaluation of the interindividual disease (PD) to precisely determine the course and three- variability of the fibre systems in the subthalamic region. dimensional stereotactic localisation of the cerebellotha- This study should provide an important basis for accurate lamic and pallidothalamic tracts in the human brain. The stereotactic neurosurgical targeting of the subthalamic course of the fibre tracts to the thalamus was traced in the region in motor disorders such as PD and ET. subthalamic region using multiple staining procedures and their entrance into the thalamus determined according to Keywords Basal ganglia Á Thalamus Á Motor disorders Á our atlas of the human thalamus and basal ganglia [Morel Essential tremor Á Parkinson’s disease (2007) Stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus and basal ganglia.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Buser 118
    EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Marina Bentivoglio Duane E. Haines Edward A. Kravitz Louise H. Marshall Aryeh Routtenberg Thomas Woolsey Lawrence Kruger (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 3 Edited by Larry R. Squire ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Copyright © 2001 by The Society for Neuroscience All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-070950 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-660305-7 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 01 02 03 04 05 06 SB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Morris H. Aprison 2 Brian B. Boycott 38 Vernon B. Brooks 76 Pierre Buser 118 Hsiang-Tung Chang 144 Augusto Claudio Guillermo Cuello 168 Robert W. Doty 214 Bernice Grafstein 246 Ainsley Iggo 284 Jennifer S. Lund 312 Patrick L. McGeer and Edith Graef McGeer 330 Edward R.
    [Show full text]
  • Webb Haymaker Founders of Neurology Archive, 1946-1978
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt287035hx No online items Webb Haymaker Founders of Neurology archive, 1946-1978 Processed by Staff of the UCLA History and Special Collections Division for the Sciences. Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History and Special Collections for the Sciences History and Special Collections Division for the Sciences UCLA 12-077 Center for Health Sciences Box 951798 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1798 Phone: 310/825-6940 Fax: 310/825-0465 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/biomed/his/ ©2010 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Webb Haymaker Founders of 421 1 Neurology archive, 1946-1978 Descriptive Summary Title: Webb Haymaker Founders of Neurology archive, Date (inclusive): 1946-1978 Collection number: 421 Creator: Haymaker, Webb, M.D. 1902-1984 Extent: 9.33 linear ft., 8 cartons plus 1 lantern slide box, 573 folders, 10 lantern slides Repository: University of California, Los Angeles. Library. Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History and Special Collections for the Sciences Los Angeles, California 90095-1490 Abstract: Much of this collection consists of correspondence, texts, and photographs created and gathered for an exhibit about individuals important in the history of basic and clinical neuroscience. The materials of this multi-authored, international endeavor were expanded, under leadership and editing by Webb Haymaker and backing by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Army Medical Library, U.S.A., into a printed volume of 133 biographical sketches, portraits, and short bibliographies, titled The Founders of Neurology . The Haymaker archive also contains over 700 portraits of the attendees at the 4th International Congress of Neurology, Paris, 1949, for which the original exhibit was created, plus portraits of numerous other individuals of interest to Haymaker.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dual Larynx Motor Networks Hypothesis 1 Michel
    1 A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis 2 Michel Belyk1, Nicole Eichert2, Carolyn McGettigan1 3 4 1Department of Speech Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom 5 2Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield 6 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 7 8 RUNNING TITLE: Dual laryngeal network hypothesis 9 Keywords: larynx, somatotopy, motor system, brain evolution, cerebellum, supplementary motor area 10 11 12 [This is a pre-print to an article Accepted at Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B] 13 14 15 Correspondence to: 16 Michel Belyk, Ph.D. 17 Speech Hearing and Phonetic Sciences 18 University College London 19 London, United Kingdom 20 e-mail: [email protected] Belyk et al. preprint 2 21 Abstract 22 23 Humans are vocal modulators par excellence. This ability is supported in part by the dual representation of the 24 laryngeal muscles in the motor cortex. Movement, however, is not the product of motor cortex alone but of a 25 broader motor network. This network consists of brain regions which contain somatotopic maps that parallel 26 the organisation in motor cortex. We therefore present a novel hypothesis that the dual laryngeal 27 representation is repeated throughout the broader motor network. In support of the hypothesis we review 28 existing literature which demonstrates the existence of network-wide somatotopy, and present initial evidence 29 for the hypothesis’ plausibility. Understanding how this uniquely human phenotype in motor cortex interacts 30 with broader brain networks is an important step toward understanding how humans evolved the ability to 31 speak.
    [Show full text]