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Conservation and Scientific Techniques for Improvement of Gum and Resin Yielding Tropical Tree Species RAVINDRA KUMAR DHAKA*, BHUVA DHAVAL C., RAJESH P
Trends6 4 in Biosciences 10(1), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 64-67, in Biosciences 2017 10 (1), 2017 REVIEW PAPER Conservation and Scientific Techniques for Improvement of Gum and Resin Yielding Tropical Tree Species RAVINDRA KUMAR DHAKA*, BHUVA DHAVAL C., RAJESH P. GUNAGA AND M. S. SANKANUR Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. *email: [email protected] ABSTRACT forest products also widely used, the terms to classify forest resources i.e. other than major timber and small timber and Indian tropical forests are rich in biological diversity. It is fire wood. Among many of NTFP resources, Indian forests one of the richest and largest exporter countries in the are also rich in gum and resin, oleoresins yielding forest world for gum and resins. Mostly the raw materials are procured from natural sources which play a major role in species and mostly the raw materials are procured from tribal economy and livelihood security. Some important natural sources. Gums and gum resins are commercially highly traded gum and resin yielding trees species of India extracted from different tropical forest species like gum are Acacia nilotica, Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia products namely gum arabic from Acacia Senegal or Acacia nilotica, gum ghattii from Anogeissus latifolia, gum karaya serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Sterculia urens and Vateria indica, however, the quality of these products may from Sterculia urens, gum katira from Cochlospermum also fetch higher economic returns in the international religiosum, Neem gum from Azadirachta indica, Jingan market. But many of these gum and resin yielding trees gum from Lannea coromandelica, Mesquite gum from like Sterculia urens, Boswellia serrata and Vateria indica Prosopis julifora etc. -
Taxonomic Revision of Genus Prosopis L. in Egypt
International Journal of Environment Volume : 04 | Issue : 01 | Jan-Mar. | 2015 ISSN: 2077-4508 Pages: 13-20 Taxonomic revision of genus Prosopis L. in Egypt Abd El Halim A. Mohamed and Safwat A. Azer Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to survey the new record invasive alien Prosopis juliflora and clarifies the taxonomic relationships among genus Prosopis L. in Egypt. The wild species are Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Macbride and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. The cultivated species are Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce; Prosopis glandulosa Torr. and Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. Based on morphological traits, the numerical analysis divided the Prosopis species into three clusters. Cluster one included: Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora. Cluster two included: Prosopis farcta and Prosopis cineraria. Cluster three included: Prosopis strombulifera. According to the degree of similarity, the species of cluster one had the highest ratio (75%) followed by (55.6%) between the species of cluster two. Moreover, the highest ratio (33.3%) was recorded between Prosopis strombulifera and Prosopis juliflora, while the lowest ratio (20.8%) was recorded between Prosopis strombulifera and Prosopis cineraria. This work recoded Prosopis juliflora to the Flora of Egypt. Key words: Taxonomy, Prosopis, alien species, numerical analysis, similarity level, Egypt. Introduction The genus Prosopis L. belongs to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Mimosoideae, tribe Mimosae (Burkart, 1976; Sherry et al., 2011). It comprises 44 species and five sections based on observed morphological differences among studied taxa (Burkart, 1976). The five sections included: Prosopis; Anonychium; Strombocarpa; Monilicarpa and Algarobia (Burkart, 1976; Landeras et al., 2004; Elmeer and Almalki, 2011). -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 4(8), 2099-2116
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 4(8), 2099-2116 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/1427 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/1427 RESEARCH ARTICLE INSECT PESTS OF FORESTRY PLANTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT. Meeta Sharma Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)-342005. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Indian arid zone covers 31.7 million ha hot desert and 0.78 million ha cold desert, which is about 12 percent of the country‟s total Received: 12 June 2016 geographical area. The mean annual rainfall in the region varies from Final Accepted: 19 July 2016 100 mm in the north- western sector of Jaisalmer to 550 mm in eastern Published: August 2016 districts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Haryana. The rainfall is highly erratic having 65 percent coefficient of variability. The vegetation in Key words:- the Indian arid zone is very sparse , scanty and thorny. However, the Forest, Bruchid, Parasitoid.. forests and trees like many other plants, suffer from attack by insect pests and diseases which cause a lot of damage, resulting in poor tree growth, poor timber quality, and in some cases, complete destruction and reduction of forest cover in Indian arid zone also. Thus, trees and forests need to be protected from these agents of destruction. With the ever increasing human and livestock population, the amount of forest per capita is declining particularly in the less industrialized or developing areas of the world. It is estimated that the land under forest in developing countries is about 2100 million hectares, or more than half of the forested land on earth. -
Anogeissus Acuminata (Roxb) Wall Ex Bedd in Vitro
International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Review Article Open Access Detection of free radical scavenging activity of dhaura, anogeissus acuminata (roxb) wall ex bedd in vitro Abstract Volume 12 Issue 4 - 2019 The free radical inhibitory activity of Dhaura, Anogeissus acuminata extracted in chloroform, ethanol and water was investigated in vitro. The DPPH inhibition by the Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Zairempuii different stem extract depended on the concentration and the ethanol extract was found Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, India to be the most potent as the lower concentration of it was most effective in scavenging Correspondence: Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Department of different free radicals. The analysis of superoxide radical scavenging activity showed that Zoology, Mizoram University, India, Email the aqueous extract was most effective when compared to chloroform and ethanol extracts. The different extracts of Dhaura also inhibited the generation of nitric oxide radical Received: August 5, 2019 | Published: August 27, 2019 depending on its concentration and maximum effect was observed at 200μg/ml. Our study indicates that free radical scavenging activity of Dhaura affirms the medicinal use by the practitioners of folklore medicine. Keywords: anogeissus acuminata, DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, mitochondria Abbreviations: EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; enlargement of spleen cold, dysuria, cough, excessive perspiration, 15 NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium; TCA, trichloroacetic acid; NED, N–(1– cholera, urinary disorders, snake bite and in scorpion sting. The Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride gum produced by Dhaura is called Ghatti or Indian gum and is used as a tonic after delivery.15,16 The preclinical studies have shown the Introduction alleviation of alloxan–induced diabetes in rats.17. -
Analgesic Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Anogeissus Latifolia Wall on Swiss Albino Mice
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2013, 4(5):79-82 ISSN: 0976-8688 CODEN (USA): PSHIBD Analgesic effects of methanolic extracts of Anogeissus latifolia wall on swiss albino mice Vijusha M.*1, Shalini K.2, Veeresh K.2, Rajini A.2 and Hemamalini K.1 1Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Sheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The main objective of my present research work is to find out the good pharmacological properties from medicinal plants with their preliminary phytochemical study and also to evaluate the analgesic activity of Anogeissus latifolia belongs to combretaceae family on mice by tail immersion, tail flick and eddy’s hot plate method. Dose was selected from the literature and the dose chosen for the study is 200 mg/kg, a small trial on acute toxicity was used to confirm the dose by using 2000 mg/kg, and there was no mortality found, so 1/10 th of this dose was chosen for analgesic activity. Normally herbal drugs are free of side effects and available in low cost. The methanolic extract of Anogeissus latifolia at 200 mg/kg showed a significant analgesic activity in tail immersion, tail flick, and hot plate model when compared to that of standard drug. Key words: Anogeissus latifolia, leaf, methanolic extract, tail immersion, tail flick and eddy’s hot plate model. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION In the history of medicine for the relief of pain many medicinal herbs has been used .natural products which contain many active principles are believed to have their potiential therapeutic value. -
Antimicrobial Activity of Different Parts of Prosopis Cineraria
Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 2017; 5(5): 78-81 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/abb doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170505.11 ISSN: 2330-4154 (Print); ISSN: 2330-4162 (Online) Antimicrobial Activity of Different Parts of Prosopis cineraria Khandelwal Preeti*, Sharma R. A., Ram Bhajan Kumavat Dept. of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India Email address: [email protected] (Khandelwal P.), [email protected] (Sharma R. A.) *Corresponding author To cite this article: Khandelwal Preeti, Sharma R. A., Ram Bhajan Kumavat. Antimicrobial Activity of Different Parts of Prosopis cineraria. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering. Vol. 5, No. 5, 2017, pp. 78-81. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20170505.11 Received: February 17, 2017; Accepted: March 23, 2017; Published: October 30, 2017 Abstract: Objective: The Antimicrobial activity is the potential to inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria and fungi. The present study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity present in the leaves, stem and pods of Prosopis cineraria. Methods: The Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of various parts of Prosopis cineraria. Four fungal and four bacterial strains were used as test microbes. Results: The study was revealed that all the three parts of the plant Prosopis cineraria showed the inhibitory zone against the microorganisms. The highest zone of inhibition was showed by P. cineraria pods against P. funiculosum (16±0.92 mm) and by P. cineraria leaves against S. griseus (20±1.10mm). Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity found in the various parts of the plant may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites isolated from the plant such as flavonoids and steroids. -
Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce: a Boon Plant of Desertan - Overview
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER) ISSN (Online): 2347-3878 Index Copernicus Value (2015): 56.67 | Impact Factor (2017): 5.156 Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce: A Boon Plant of Desertan - Overview Deepika Pal, Mishra K Chanchal Abstract: Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce is a deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. The tree is known locally as Jandi or Khejri (India), Jand (Pakistan), and Ghaf (Arabic). Its synonym is P. spicigera, it is a very significant tree of the Thar Desert of India, contributing to ecological stability of the region and providing extensive support to human beings, livestock, The antibacterial activity of the various extracts of the stem bark of Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) . The extracts were prepared by continuous hot percolation method with chloroform and methanol. Aqueous extract was prepared by maceration. The presence of phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids were detected in the preliminary phytochemical tests. Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, Botanical details, Phytochemical reports, Pharmacological reports, Therapeutic importance 1. Introduction Subdivision: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae The Great Indian Desert, popularly known as the Thar, Subclass: Polypetalae includes some portion of Northwest India. Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Prosopis spicigera Linn. (Syn. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Subfamily: Mimosaceae Druce.) belonging to the family Fabaceae, is a moderate Genus: Prosopis sized evergreen thorny tree, with slender branches armed Species: spicigera with conical throns and with light yellowish-green foliage. Prosopis cineraria tree occurs in the dry and arid regions of 3. Botanical Description India. It is one of the chief indigenous trees of the plains of the central and southern India. -
Review on Combretaceae Family
Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 58(2), September - October 2019; Article No. 04, Pages: 22-29 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article Review on Combretaceae Family Soniya Rahate*, Atul Hemke, Milind Umekar Department of Quality Assurance, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Dist-Nagpur 441002, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Received: 06-08-2019; Revised: 22-09-2019; Accepted: 28-09-2019. ABSTRACT Combretaceae, the family of flowering plants consisting of 20 genus and 600 important species in respective genus. The two largest genera of the family are Combretum and Terminalia which contains the more no. of species. The members of the family are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Most members of the trees, shrubs or lianas of the combretaceae family are widely used medicinally. The members of this family contain the different phytoconstituents of medicinal value e.g tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Most of the species of this family are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal. The biological activities of the some members of this family yet not found. Apart from the medicinal value many members of the Combretaceae are of culinary and ornamental value. Keywords: Combretaceae, Tannins, Flavonoid, Terminalia, Combretum. INTRODUCTION species of Combretum have edible kernels whereas Buchenavia species have edible succulent endocarps. he family combretaceae is a major group of Chemical constituents like tannins are also found in fruits, flowering plants (Angiosperms) included in the bark, leaves, roots and timber in buchenavia and order of Myrtales. Robert Brown established it in T terminalia genera. Many of the species are reputed to 1810 and its inclusion to the order is not in dispute. -
Views of Local Population
Tropical Ecology 53(3): 307-315, 2012 ISSN 0564-3295 © International Society for Tropical Ecology www.tropecol.com Effect of altitude and disturbance on structure and species diversity of forest vegetation in a watershed of central Himalaya PRERNA POKHRIYAL, D. S. CHAUHAN* & N. P. TODARIA Department of Forestry, HNB Garhwal University ( Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India Abstract: The Phakot watershed of Central Himalaya harbours two forest types; Anogeissus latifolia subtropical dry deciduous forest (600 - 1200 m asl) and Quercus leucotrichophora moist temperate forest (1500 - 1900 m asl). We assessed the disturbance level in these forests and analyzed its effect on species composition and diversity. Three levels of disturbance (undisturbed, moderately disturbed and highly disturbed) were identified within both the forest types on the basis of canopy cover, tree density and light attenuation. The canopy cover and light attenuation were higher in the Quercus leucotrichophora forest as compared to the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest. Asteraceae was the dominant family at all disturbance levels in both forest types. Tree density was higher in the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest, while shrub and herb density was high in Quercus leucotrichophora forest as compared to the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest. A sharp decline in tree density and basal area was recorded with increasing disturbance level in both the forests. Species richness (number of species per unit area) of trees, shrubs and herbs declined with disturbance, except for the highly disturbed Anogeissus forest which was more species rich than the undisturbed or moderately disturbed forest. Resumen: Lacuenca Phakotde los Himalaya Centrales albergadostipos de bosque: bosquesub- tropical seco caducifolio de Anogeissus latifolia (600 - 1200 m s.n.m.) y bosque húmedo templado de Quercus leucotrichophora (1500-1900 m s.n.m.). -
"Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: a Review"
FEATURE Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: A Review John L. Maasl and Gene J. Galletta2 Fruit Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 Gary D. Stoner3 Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699 The various roles of ellagic acid as an an- digestibility of natural forms of ellagic acid, Mode of inhibition ticarcinogenic plant phenol, including its in- and the distribution and organ accumulation The inhibition of cancer by ellagic acid hibitory effects on chemically induced cancer, or excretion in animal systems is in progress appears to occur through the following its effect on the body, occurrence in plants at several institutions. Recent interest in el- mechanisms: and biosynthesis, allelopathic properties, ac- lagic acid in plant systems has been largely a. Inhibition of the metabolic activation tivity in regulation of plant hormones, for- for fruit-juice processing and wine industry of carcinogens. For example, ellagic acid in- mation of metal complexes, function as an applications. However, new studies also hibits the conversion of polycyclic aromatic antioxidant, insect growth and feeding in- suggest that ellagic acid participates in plant hydrocarbons [e.g., benzo (a) pyrene, 7,12- hibitor, and inheritance are reviewed and hormone regulatory systems, allelopathic and dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, and 3-methyl- discussed in relation to current and future autopathic effects, insect deterrent princi- cholanthrene], nitroso compounds (e.g., N- research. ples, and insect growth inhibition, all of which nitrosobenzylmethylamine and N -methyl- N- Ellagic acid (C14H6O8) is a naturally oc- indicate the urgent need for further research nitrosourea), and aflatoxin B1 into forms that curring phenolic constituent of many species to understand the roles of ellagic acid in the induce genetic damage (Dixit et al., 1985; from a diversity of flowering plant families. -
In Vitroanticancer Activities of Anogeissus Latifolia, Terminalia
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6423 In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna RESEARCH ARTICLE In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna Indian Plants Kawthar AE Diab1,2*, Santosh Kumar Guru2, Shashi Bhushan2, Ajit K Saxena2 Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indian medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Their cytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast (T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB and MTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine human cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at 100 µg/mL induced G2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cell necrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h. Keywords: Anogeissus latifolia - terminalia bellerica - acacia catechu - moringa oleiferna - cytotoxicity - DNA ladder Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16 (15), 6423-6428 Introduction and antifungal activities (Caceres et al., 1992; Biswas et al., 2012; Krishnamurthy et al., 2015). Considering the There has been a long-standing interest in identification vast therapeutic potential of above mentioned medicinal of natural products and medicinal plants for developing plants, the present study was planned to investigate their new cancer therapeutics. -
Combretaceae: Phylogeny, Biogeography and DNA
COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). Combretaceae: Phylogeny, Biogeography and DNA Barcoding by JEPHRIS GERE THESIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the Faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg December 2013 Supervisor: Prof Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisor: Dr Olivier Maurin Declaration I declare that this thesis has been composed by me and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own. _____________________ J. Gere (December 2013) Table of contents Table of contents i Abstract v Foreword vii Index to figures ix Index to tables xv Acknowledgements xviii List of abbreviations xxi Chapter 1: General introduction and objectives 1.1 General introduction 1 1.2 Vegetative morphology 2 1.2.1 Leaf morphology and anatomy 2 1.2.2. Inflorescence 3 1.2.3 Fruit morphology 4 1.3 DNA barcoding 5 1.4 Cytology 6 1.5 Fossil record 7 1.6 Distribution and habitat 7 1.7 Economic Importance 8 1.8 Taxonomic history 9 1.9 Aims and objectives of the study 11 i Table of contents Chapter 2: Molecular phylogeny of Combretaceae with implications for infrageneric classification within subtribe Terminaliinae.