Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

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Wildlife sanctuaries of India

Srisailam Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh

The largest of India's Tiger Reserves, the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Sanctuary ( 3568 sq. km.); spreads over five districts - Nalgonda, Mahaboobnagar, Kurnool, Prakasam and Guntur in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

The Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Sanctuary was notified in 1978 and declared a Tiger Reserve in 1983. The Reserve was renamed as Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in 1992. The river Krishna flows through the sanctuary over a distance of 130 km. The multipurpose reservoirs, Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar, which are important sources of irrigation and power in the state are located in the sanctuary. The reservoirs and temples of Srisailam are a major tourist and pilgrim attraction for people from all over the country and abroad.

The terrain is rugged and winding gorges slice through the Mallamalai hills. Adjoining the reserve is the large reservoir of the Nagarjunasagar Dam on the River Krishna. The dry deciduous forests with scrub and bamboo thickets provide shelter to a range of animals from the tiger and leopard at the top of the food chain, to deer, sloth bear, hyena, jungle cat, palm civet, bonnet macaque and pangolin. In this unspoilt jungle, the tiger is truly nocturnal and is rarely seen. Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary

Total Area: 3568-sq-kms

Species found: Catla, Rahu, Murrel, Ech Paten, Karugu, Chidwa,Painted Storks, Herons, Coots, Teals, Cormorants, Pochards, Black and White Ibises, Spoon Bills, Open Billed Storks etc

About Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary: Manjira bird sanctuary spreads over an area of 20 sq.kms and is the abode of a number of resident and migratory birds and the marsh crocodiles.

It has an Environmental Education Centre with a museum, a library, and an auditorium. All this facilitates in educating the visitors about nature conservation and maintenance of ecological balance.

Boats are in operation to take the visitors around the sanctuary for bird watching. Binoculars and books on identification of birds are also available. The films of birds and animals are also shown everyday on 16- mm projector.

Invertebrates : Prawns, Mollusis and Zoo plankton.

Fishes : Catla, Rahu, Murrel, Ech Paten, Karugu, Chidwa.

Reptiles : Monitor Lizards, Fresh Water Turtles, Cobra and Marsh Crocodiles.

Birds : Painted Storks, Herons, Coots, Teals, Cormorants, Pochards, Black and White Ibises, Spoon Bills, Open Billed Storks etc

Extensive growth of Babul Prosopis. Plants commonly found in water are Pistia, Hydrilla, Eichornia and Vallisneria

How to Reach There (Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary): Train to Hyderabad (150 km); Hyderabad (150 km) Nagarjunasagar Wildlife Sanctuary

About Nagarjunasagar Wildlife Sanctuary: Evolved out of different needs, the town of Srisailam is divided into three zones. Srisailam or the original pilgrim town centers round the age-old temples dedicated to Lord Mallikarjuna and Goddess

Bhramaramba, incarnations of Shiva and Parvati. A fairly stocked marketplace and several lodges for pilgrims lie alongside the temple quadrangle. About eight kilometers from the temple town is Sunnipenta, another ridge top where most offices and a few eating houses are located. Also located here is the office of the Project Tiger and the Field Director. The dam site on the river Krishna-the Srisailam Hydel Projects-makes up the third zone.

Nestling in the Nallamalai Hill ranges, an offshoot of the Eastern Ghats, with cliffs, gorges, ridges and plateaus, endowed with a variety of flora and fauna, the NSTR protects a large portion of the once flourishing ecological system that existed here. Without having the benefit of being an erstwhile royal game preserve, the forest in this area was always open to human visitation. Pilgrims from all over southern India carved out routes through the forest to reach Srisailam. It was in 1973 that the area was declared a sanctuary and incorporated under Project Tiger a decade later.

A little over 6 sq km in area, the Rollapadu grasslands near Srisailam are dotted with dry, thorny bushes and is home of about a hundred blackbucks. From a distance, one can observe families of blackbucks out on their breakfast trail, a couple of bustards gazing at the horizon while taking a tentive foot forward. At present, day visits to Rollapadu Sanctuary is permitted.

Reaching There (Nagarjunasagar Wildlife Sanctuary): By Air: The nearest airport is at Hyderabad, 316 km away from Srisailam. Hyderabad is connected to many important cities in India including Delhi and Mumbai, the major international gateways. By Rail: Srisailam is connected through Hyderabad as well as via Markapur (85 km away) on the South Central Railway. Sasan Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat

Location: 64 km from Junagadh and 32 km from Verawal

Total Coverage Area:1,412.14 sq. km./ Lion sanctuary 141,213 hectares (of which national park 35,948 hectares). About Sansan Gir Wildlife Sanctuary: The Gir National Park, was established on 18th September, 1965, as a Forest Reserve, primarily to conserve the Asiatic lion. The total area under national park status is about 2,450 hectares. It is located in the Junagadh District of Gujarat, about 65 km south-east of Junagadh city, and 90 km east of Keshod Airport, in the Kathiawar (Saurashtra) Peninsula. Sasan, with a forest rest-house, is the headquarters of the sanctuary.The Gir is a mixed deciduous type of forest with teak, ber, flame of the forest, jamun, a variety of acacia, particularly babul. It is a hilly tract with plenty of rivers, and offers the visitor long pleasant drives, through the thick forest cover.

Gir National Park is the only remaining habitat of the Asiatic lion, which has been confined to this forest, since 1884 ( about 239 lions were reported in 1985 ).The Asiatic lion is slightly smaller than its African cousin, nevertheless, a large male lion of the Gir is quite a sight to behold. The best way to observe the big cats is, of course, in their natural surroundings, at dawn and dusk, when they are on the prowl. The Forest Department does arrange lion shows every Sunday, where the spectators can watch prides of lions on the hunt.There are guided trips available, to watch these magnificent animals from a very close range.

The chinkara, wild boar, striped hyena, jackal, common langur, porcupine, hare, black buck, are the other animals, that can be found in this sanctuary. There are over 200 bird species including the peafowl, grey partridge, Bonelli's eagle, crested serpent eagle, jungle bush quail, painted sandgrouse, common green pigeon and several species of doves . The Gir is also home to the marsh crocodile, which can be sighted easily in its rivers, particularly in the lake of the Kamaleshwar dam. There is also a crocodile breeding farm at Sasan.

The Gir National Park is steeped in history and folklore. It boasts of temples of great antiquity, like Kankai Mata and Tulsishyam, a place of pilgrimage with hot springs. The forest is famous for its cattle herders, the Madharis, whose buffaloes form a substantial part of the lions' meals. Extremely hospitable, the Madharis are herders, whose lifestyle has changed little over the years, and their folklore and traditions are a unique record of coexistence of humans with lions. Wildlife viewing in the Girs is best done, by driving around the forest. The best drives from Sasan are, to Baval Chowk and Kankai, to Chodavdi and Tulsishyam, and to Kamaleshwar dam. Though a sturdy car would do, a jeep is definitely more appropriate. Three unusual reserves, the Nalsarovar Lake and Sanctuary - home to several water-birds, the Little Rann of Kutch - home of the Indian wild ass, and the fascinating Flamingo Island, render the state of Gujarat a virtual haven for wildlife buffs Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat

The entire Little Rann of Kutch known as the "Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary" is a featureless expanse of flat land - the sea bed - dotted with islands known as "Baits" which form the core for the flora and fauna. This is the largest wildlife sanctuary in India.

In India the Indian wild ass represents the horse tribe. In the Little Rann of Kutch, the asses are attracted by the flat grass covered expanses known as bets or islands where coarse grasses spring up In monsoon. With the advent of summer, the asses move to oilier bets in which there is perennial supply of water and grass.

As for speed and stamina, there is no one in the animal kingdom to match the wild ass as they are capable of marathon runs at a pace of about 24 km/h for as long as two hours, reaching a top speed of 70 km/h over short distances. The wild ass is a strong animal and a stallion will fight viciously for the possession of the mare in the mating season. The combatants rear up on their hindlegs, and kick and bite viciously. After mating one fowl is born between July and September.

Besides the wild ass, the wildlife consists of rare and endangered Ghudkhur (Equs hemionus khur) not found anywhere else in the world. Others, such as the Blue-Bull, Chinkara, Hedgehog and carnivores such as the Wolf, Jackal, Fox, Jungle and Desert Cats can also be found here in large numbers. A variety of birds - almost three hundred species, can be seen in and around the Rann during winter. Cranes and Flamingos can be seen in thousands. Rare birds such as the Houbara Bustard, Falcons, a large number and species of larks and other arid region birds can be seen. Reptiles such as snakes, tortoises, lizards, are also found. Watch towers, a tourist complex and other tourist related facilities are in place to enhance wildlife viewing in this unique habitat.

Wildlife Safari Travelling on the vast Rann in an open jeep is a refreshing and exciting experience. The sunrise and sunset are breathtaking, displaying exotic hues. Viewing wildlife is an exciting and thrilling adventure. It is more satisfying to observe animal behaviour than mere sighting. A minimum of three/four day's stay is recommended. There are morning and evening excursions in Jeeps/Mini coaches that seat a comfortable number of persons and are conducted at a leisurely pace. The safaris, besides wildlife also include visits to ancient monuments and inland salt works and other places of interest. Explanations and anecdotes, during the whole safari will keep one, enthralled.

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, Haryana

Location: Delhi - Jaipur highway ( 46 km from Delhi)

Founded by: Dr. Salim Ali

Season: September to March is the best time to visit.

About Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary Located at a distance of 46 kms from Delhi, Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is a haven to a variety of domestic and migratory birds. Artificial mound, have turned into a green glade. The marsh has been converted into a water body. And with the years, hundreds of species of migratory birds have winged in to stay. Winter brings in birds fro as far as Siberia. Flock of geese from Europe wing in too. The local birds flap in. The bird population include darters, egrets shovellers, gadwell and geese dominate. Teals, kingfishers, lapwings, sandpipers demoiselle cranes and such like water birds nestle in. Over 100 species have been identified here.

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuarywas a haunt of our very own birdman Late Dr. Salim Ali: And, innumerable bird watchers who come in to observe bird antics. There are hide outs, watch towers and a museum of sorts for those keen on serious study. Guestrooms and catering wing, await the patrons.

Climate(Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary) The climate of this region is tropical with very hot summers and chilly winters. Monsoon approaches this place in the month of July and continues till mid-September. The best season to visit this park is winter as the chances of seeing the exclusive wildlife of this park is more in these months.

Location(Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary) The Sultanpur National Park is located in the Indian state of Haryana at a distance of 45 km from Delhi, the national capital. The park extends from latitude 28°37' in the North to longitude 77°04' in the east. is well connected by roads with Delhi and Gurgaon, the district headquarters.

Attractions(Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary): Flora: The vegetation of this park is tropical and dry deciduous and the flora include grasses, dhok, khai tendu, ber, jamun, acacia, and banyan tree.

Fauna in Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary: The Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is home to a large range of birds, both resident and migratory. Migratory geese and Siberian cranes spend the winter in Sultanpur and there ar also the demoiselle cranes, ruddy shelducks, pelicans, flamingoes, bar-headed geese, grey lags, gadwalls, mallards, pochards, shovellers and teals. Local species include plovers, red-wattled lapwings, herons, cormorants, white ibises, spoonbills and painted storks.Other wildlife in the park include blackbuck, nilgai, hog deer, sambar, wild dog or dhole, caracal, wild cat, hedgehog, mongoose, striped hyena, Indian porcupine, rattle/honey badger, leopard, wild pig, and four horned antelope. Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala

Location : 40 Kms From Thodupuzha, Kerala

Famous For : Elephants

Area : 77 sq. Kms

Altitude : 450-758m Above Sea Level

About Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary: Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary is located at a distance of 40 kms from Thodupuzha.This sanctuary extends over the Thodupuzha and Udumpanchola taluks of Idukki district spreading over 77sq. kms, at 450 - 748m above sea level.

The Idukki reservoir formed by three dams-Cheruthoni, Idukki and Kulamavu-extends to 33 sq. km.

A picturesque lake, a majestic arch dam across two hills and roaming herds of elephants and gaur are sights that lure you to this enchanting canopy of tropical semi-evergreen and deciduous forests. The fauna also includes Langur, Leopard and Wild Boar.

Wild Population of Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary The sanctuary has a large variety of flora and fauna. Among the mammals, Elephants, Bison, Sambhar, Deer, Wild Dogs, Jungle Cats, Tiger, Wild Boar etc reptiles such as Cobra, Viper, Krait and a large number of non- poisonous snakes can be seen.

Jungle Fowl, Myna, Laughing Thrush, Black Bulbul, Peafowl, Woodpecker, Kingfisher etc also inhabit the place in large numbers. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala

Area: 777 sq. km. Core: 350 sq. km. Buffer: 427 sq. km

Established : 1950 as a sanctuary, 1978 as a tiger reserve. About Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary: Periyar National Park is situated in the hills of the Western Ghats in the state of Kerala in SW India. The centre piece of Periyar National park is the 5,500-hectare Periyar lake formed by the construction of a dam on the Periyar river in 1895.The dam submerged low-lying forest whose dead tree trunks still jut out of the waters. Along the fringes of the lake are marshy areas with tall grasslands. This is one of the richest habitats of large mammals, as it provides both excellent cover and nourishment in the form of succulent shoots and grasses. Here it is possible to see large herds of Indian Elepha with relative ease as well as Nilgiri Langur near Aranya Niwas and the Liontail Macaque in higher areas.

The forests are tropical, a mixture of deciduous, semi-evergreen, and evergreen ‘sholas’, the last occurring in the moist valleys and characterised by tall trees and a closed canopy. The forests alternate with extensive patches of grasslands. Periyar’s rich bird life includes the Giant Hornbill, Cormorant, Darter, Osprey and Racket-tailed Drongo. The Indian Python and King Cobra are among the reptilian fauna. Periyar has a few Nilgiri Tahr, good numbers of which may also be seen on day excursion to nearby Eravikulam National Park near Munnar.

Main Fauna in Periyar: In Periyar Tiger Reserve 49 species of mammals, 265 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles, 12 species of amphibians, 35 species of fishes and 160 species of butterflies have been identified so far. Some important mammals are tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur, sambar, wild dog, barking deer, lion tailed macaque, Nilgiri langur and Nilgiri tahr. Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala

A mere 55 sq.kms in area and located on the western slopes of the Western Ghats, the Aralam sanctuary is the northern most wildlife sanctuary of Kerala. It was established in 1984. The headquarters of the sanctuary is near Iritty, a small town about 55 kms from Kannur. The sanctuary adjoins the Central State Farm at Aralam. It lies between north latitude 11°50' and 11° 52' and eastlongitude 75° 49' and 75° 57'.

Topography in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary The elevation varies from 50m to 1145m. The highest peak is Katti Betta, which is 1145m. high.

Climate (Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary) The temperature at the foothills varies from 21° C to 40°C and at the higher reaches from 8°C to 25°C. The sanctuary rec an annual rainfall of about 3,000 mm. The wettest part of the year is from June to August. (south-west monsoon).

Forest Type Forest coast tropical evergreen and west coast semievergreen forests are predominant. There are about 490 ha of teak an eucalyptus plantations within the forest area.

Flora in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary In the evergreen areas the following species are found: vellapine (Vateria indica), Mesua ferrea, Mechilus macrantha, Calophyllum elatum, Cullenia rosayroona, Magnifera indica, Toona cillata, Myristica Species, Euphorbia Longana, Strobilan The common trees in the semievergreen areas are Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Hopea parviflora, Largestroemia lanceolata, Xyliaxylocarpa, Mallotus, Philippinensis.

Fauna in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary A variety of animals and birds usually found in the Western Ghats are seen here. Different kinds of deer, boar, elephant, a bison are quite common. Leopard, jungle cat and various types of squirrels are sighted.

Administration (Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary) The sanctuary comes under the Wayanad Division with headquarters at Sultan Bathery. The sanctuary is under the direct charge of an Assistant Wildlife whose office is at Chathiroor near Irutti.

Wildlife Tourism (Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary) One can reach the Aralam sanctuary by road from Thalasseri (45 kms) and Kannur (45kms). The nearest railway station is Thalassery and the nearest airport is Kozhikkod, 113 kms from Irutti. The infrastructure for tourism development is limited present, but steps are being taken by the Forest Department to improve the situation.

BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka

Location: Kemmannagundi, Karnataka

Total Area: 540 sq. kms

Main Attractions: Gaur, Chital

Visiting Season: September to May About B.R. Wildlife Sanctuary: B.R Hills Wildlife Sanctuary, Situated at a height of 5,091 feet, B.R Hills Wildlife Sanctuary is a unique blend of resort a wildlife sanctuary, a must for wildlife lovers. Dancing trees, whistling winds and swirling streams form a backdrop to some rare animal. The B.R Wildlife sanctuary is 3,375 ft above sea level and is spread over an area of 540 sq. kms of undulating and valleys covered in deciduous forests and Sholas.

Topography (BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary): The BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary is an important link between the Eastern and the Western Ghats. The river Cauvery flows S East and at Kollegal takes an abrupt turn towards the North and again returns to its initial course. This reflects the geogra significance as well as the wonderful blend of the Biligiri Rangaswamy and Male Mahadeshwar ranges, bridging the gap be the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.

Wildlife Attractions (BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary): The B R Hills Wildlife sanctuary is home to many species of wild animals. The sanctuary is teeming with varied flora and fa Gaurs, chitals, sambhars, bears, elephants, panthers and tigers inhabit the place in large numbers. Here is an opportunity the nature lover to study over 200 species of birds, chief among which are the racket-tailed drongo and the crested eagle.

Adventure Activities (BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary): Professional angling, amateur fishing, coracle boat rides, bird watching, river rafting, trekking, outdoor camping will keep busy. Every April you can witness the wonderful Ratha festival at the BR Temple too.

Park Trips: For trips within the park one can either trek up on foot or opt for jeep safaris or elephant rides.

Visiting Season (BR Hills Wildlife Sanctuary): The BR Hills Wildlife sanctuary is open throughout the year. Best time to sight wildlife is June to October when the animals out for water. But the more comfortable time to visit if relaxation is what you're looking for is winter to early summer. Ma sure you take permission from the Forest Department at Chamarajnagar if you are not staying at the resort.

Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary

Area : 67 sq km

Languages : Kannada, English, Hindi

Best Time to Visit : June to November (9:00 am to 6:00 pm)

About Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary: Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, is an important tourist destination from Mysore city orthe adjoining Vrindavan gardens, both of which are barely 20 km away. The bird sanctuary, situated on the banks of the Kaveri River, includes of a group of six islets as well. The isolated islets and the abundance of aquatic insects during the monsoon make Ranganathittu a favorite abode for birds. Ranganathittu attained the status of a bird sanctuary in 1940, courtesy of the visions of India. s noted ornithologist. Dr. Salim Ali. who, during his survey of the birds of Mysore, advocated for the establishment of such a sanctuary. The sanctuary is now a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts, nature lovers and bird watchers. The large number of birds at the sanctuary appears to have attracted a sizable number of tourists as well. A total of 2,080 foreign tourists, besides 2,02,417 domestic tourists, had visited the bird sanctuary in 1999. 2000, according to officials.

Climate(Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary): There are no extremities of temperature at Ranganathittu Sanctuary. The temperature stays between the 23. 29°C range for most parts of the year. In June, when the southwest monsoon peaks throughout Karnataka state, heavy to very heavy rainfall, accompanied by waterlogging and mild flooding, has been reported from the area.

Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary- Paradise of Birds: The sanctuary, even though it lacks a sprawling area, is a delightful place to visit. What makes it inviting is that it is an important Asian nesting and breeding ground for migratory birds from all across the earth. Some species of birds that are known to have made Ranganathittu their breeding abode are spoonbills, open bill storks, darters, white Ibis, little cormorants, egret, heron, partridge, river tern, stone plougher, snake bird, and other exotic bird species that fly to the sanctuary in large flocks. Park officials and experts have traced the origins of some of these bird species to as far as Siberia, Australia and even North America. A record number of 1,400 painted storks visited the area in 1999. 2000. Local inhabitants like kingfishers and peacocks are also found in this avian bliss.

Migratory birds lay their eggs on islets in the river. The authorities have created additional islets at the sanctuary to make way for more number of birds to lay eggs and breed. The birds begin arriving in the sanctuary in December every year. The migratory birds lay eggs and breed until they finally move out of the sanctuary with their little ones in August, only to return yet again the following year. Boats are available at the sanctuary to take the tourists for a ride along the river and the islets, where they can witness trees full of beautiful birds of myriad varieties. Most of the oarsmen are also excellent guides and can provide tourists the exact location as to where the birds may be spotted. The Kaveri riverbank also offers excellent spots for picnics.

Places Nearby Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary: The picturesque town of Mysore and the garden city of Bangalore are the nearby attractions from the bird sanctuary.

Reaching There (Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary): We(indianvisit.com) can provide you all tourist permit car/coach, for the city and intercity drives and can look after all your travel related services. Since the sanctuary is on the Bangalore. Mysore highway, approach is through either of the two cities. The nearest rail junction is Mysore (18 km). The nearest international airport is Bangalore (125 km).

Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary Accoommodation: Accommodation is available at Ranganathittu in the form of three Riverside Cottages. Most tourists, however, prefer to stay at nearby Mysore

Links to the Outside World: Nearest town where communication (post, telegraph, fax and telephones) facilities are available is Mysore at distance of less than 20 km. Since 1995, the number of Internet cafés in Mysore is on the rise. Madhya Pradesh

Karera Wildlife Sanctuary

Area: 202 sq km Altitude: 370 metres above the sea level Annual Mean Rainfall 824.50 mm Maximum Temperature 331.8°C Minimum Temperature 17.4°C

Best time to visit November to March Language Hindi and English STD Code 07493 About Karera Wildlife Sanctuary: The thorny open country of the Karera Sanctuary houses the haughty Great Indian Bustard and the equally snooty blackbu But blackbucks and bustards are not the only wildlife that roams Karera. There are many other varieties of birds and anim that have made it their habitat. The Dihaila Jheel here plays host to many migratory birds.

The status of the Karera is that of the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary and it was notified in 1981 as a sanctuary. The vegetation is reverie and swamp with mixed deciduous forests. Ber bushes and other wild plants are found in abundance. are no trees except acacia throughout this forest.

Location (Karera Wildlife Sanctuary) The Karera Bird Sanctuary is located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The sanctuary is a distance of around from Shivpuri (latitude 25°40' N to longitude 77°44"E) on the Jhansi-Shivpuri main road. There is a good road network th connects the sanctuary to Shivpuri and other places in the region.

Climate (Karera Wildlife Sanctuary) The climate of this region is tropical as in the other places in the Indian plains. April to mid July are the hottest months. Monsoon reaches this region in July and remains in force till mid September. Winter months are November to February. Th best season to visit this region is winter.

Attractions (Karera Wildlife Sanctuary)

Avifauna There are many migratory birds that settle here in the season. In fact, experts have recorded a total of 245 bird species in Karera. There are pintails, teals, and gadwalls snoozing in the sun or squatting meditatively in the mud. There are residen water birds too like the black-bellied river terns, egrets, and spoonbills. Other birds found here are herons, Indian robins, also insects like dragonflies, damselflies, and butterflies. Karera is one of the last refuges of the great Indian bustard. As per expert studies, one can find three types of bustards th here, the Indian bustard, bearded bustard, and coloured bustard.

Wildlife in Karera Wildlife Sanctuary: The blackbuck and Indian gazelle are the prominent habitants of this open country. Here, out in the thorny open country, blackbucks seem terribly vulnerable. Due to problems of grazing and subsequent crop loss, the locals started killing the blackbucks, but after rigorous protection measures by the sanctuary guards and efforts of environmental friendly organiza the number of blackbucks here has been consistently increasing. Now, the blackbuck population in the sanctuary numbers around 2000, a considerable increase from the lowly 100 in 1981.

Other Attractions Dihaila Jheel (lake) in the Karera Sanctuary is the only water source for its inhabitants. Entirely rainfed, the size and depth the lake depend on the monsoons each year. Across the waters lies the Dihaila village whose inhabitants own and use the forming the lakebed and whose crops have benefited from the guano deposits of the birds.

Places Nearby Karera Wildlife Sanctuary: Madhav Shivpuri National Park, at a distance of 45 km from Karera, offers abundant opportunities of sighting a variety of wildlife. One of the prime reasons of this park's popularity is the tiger. Other inhabitants of the Shivpuri forests include leo striped hyenas, jackals, jungle cats, chitals, sambhars, nilgais, four-horned antelopes, wild boars, gazelle, sloth bears, lan and crocodiles. Avian inhabitants include bar-headed geese, ducks, spoonbills, demoiselle cranes, cormorants, painted sto white ibises, falcons, purple sunbirds, paradise flycatchers and golden orioles. Apart from these, the other attractions here the George Castle, Sakhya Lake, Madhav Vilas Palace, and Bhadaiya Kund.

The town of Shivpuri at a distance of 55 km from Karera still maintains its old world charm. Its royal past still lives in the f of its majestic palaces, hunting lodges, and exquisitely adorned chhatris (cenotaphs) built by the Scindia's.

Jhansi is known more for its connection with immortal warrior queen of 1857, Rani Laxmi Bai. Situated at a distance of aro 44 km from Karera, the major attractions in the city include the Jhansi Fort and a museum. Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary

Location: Borivali, Mumbai, Maharahstra

Coverage Area: 104-sq-kms

Main Attraction: The Kanheri Caves, Lion Safari, Tiger Safari, The gardens, And Trekking

Best Time To Visit: Throughout the Year. About Sanjay Gandhi National Park: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, better known as "Borivali National Park" is set in hill ranges around the suburb of Borivali in Mumbai. Notified in 1974, it offers a pleasant change from the usual sights and attractions of the big city. It is hence common to see the park teeming with school picnics, college picnics and other organized excursions.

The undulating green lands of the Borivili National Park are just the kind of surroundings to which one would love to retreat for some moments of quiet introspection or meditation. The great panoramic views of hills, valleys, lakes and open expanses can actually have a therapeutic effect on mind, body and soul.

Flora in Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary: The forest cover in the park can be divided into two main categories i.e. South Indian moist deciduous and Semi Evergreen. These two types can be further classified into four subcategories and they are moist teak-bearing forest, mangrove scrub, southern moist mixed deciduous forest, and western subtropical hill forest. The region has good biodiversity and major trees and plants include kadamba, teak, karanj, shisam, and species of acacia, ziziphus, euphorbia, flame of the forest, red silk cotton and many more varieties of flowers. During the monsoon, almost the entire park is awash with the rainbow hues of the flowers that bloom here and all over the Western Ghats.

Fauna in Sanjay Gandhi National Park: One can have encounters with several species including Spotted Deer, Black Naped Hare, Barking Deer, Porcupine, Palm Civet, Mouse Deer, Rhesus Macaque, Bounet Macaque, Hanuman Langur, Indian Flying Fox, and Sambhar.

The reptilian world has 38 species to show off. Tourists can see crocodiles in the Tulsi Lake, and Pythons, Cobras, Monitor Lizards, Russell's Viper, Bamboo Pit Viper and Ceylonese Cat Snake here. Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary, Orissa

About Chilka Lake Sanctuary, Puri The Chilka Lake in Orissa is Asia's largest inland salt-water lagoon. Studded with small islands- including the picturesquely-named Honeymoon Island and Breakfast Island- the lake is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a sandy ridge. The pear-shaped lake spreads across 1,100 sq km, and has a unique ecosystem with a range of aquatic flora and fauna found in and around its brackish waters. An impressive array of bird life, both native and migrant, makes Chilka one of the best places in India for a bit of satisfying bird- watching. White bellied sea eagles, greylag geese, purple moorhen, jacana, herons and flamingos are among the many species which make the lake a bird watcher's delight: Chilka, in fact, is home to one of the world's largest breeding colonies of flamingos.

Other than the birds, Chilka's shores are home to blackbuck, spotted deer, golden jackals and hyenas, and the lake is rich in aquatic life- its waters harbour around 160 species of fish, crustaceans and other marine creatures, including the famous Chilka dolphin. Prawn, crab and mackerel fishing are an important source of livelihood for the local people, and hundreds of small fishing boats set sail each morning to bring in the day's catch from the lake. he Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve harbours India’s second largest pachyderm population, and the chances of seeing elephant herds is pretty high, especially during the dry season.

Places to see (Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary): Nalabana: It is a forest of reeds and is famous for the long-range migratory birds in winter.

Birds Island: It is heaven for the resident and migratory birds. One can watch the birds in their natural habitat here. Sambhar Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

Rajasthan

Sambhar is India's largest saline lake, 190 sq km in extent at full capacity, and lays some 60 km west of Jaipur, just outside prosaically named Salt Lake City. This vast body of glacial saline is on average just 0.6 cm deep and never more than 3 m even just after the monsoon. It stretches in length for 22.5 km, its width varying between 3 and 11 km. Several seasonal freshwater streams, two of the major ones being the rivers Mendha and Rupangarh, feed it. The vast, roughly elliptically shaped lake has been divided into two sections by a 5-km long stone dam. The eastern section contains the reservoirs for salt extraction, canals and saltpans. Water from the vast shimmering western section is pumped to the other side via sluice gates when it reaches a degree of salinity considered optimal for salt extraction. The waters here are glacially still, edged with a glittering frost of salt. Flies abound, drawn by the blue-green algae in the water, and queue up in order to crawl into your mouth and ears. There is a sharp briny tang in the air that takes one straight back to coastal fish markets. An indigenously developed rail trolley system-the lines were laid by the British-takes one across the dam and to various far-flung points in the salt works.

Climate: Like most other north Indian places, Sambhar too has a tropical climate. The summers can be very hot with mercury crossing 45°C, whereas winters are moderately chilled and the temperature can fall below 10°C. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary Tamilnadu

The Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is a reservoir of tranquil greenery ensconced in a valley between the Annamalai ranges of Tamil Nadu and the Nelliampathy ranges of Kerala. The areas hilly and rocky, drained by several rivers, including the Parambikulam, the Sholayar and the Thekkedy.

Thickly forested with stands of bamboo, sandalwood, rosewood and teak, the sanctuary has some marshy land and scattered patches of grassland.

Parambikulam was once home to some of south India's finest stands of teak. Little remains of the original teak forests, other than the famous Kannimari teak tree, the largest in Asia as most of these have now been replaced by teak plantations. The tree is about 5 km from Thunakadavu, and is one of Parambikulam's prime attractions.

There are two watchtowers one at Anappadi, 8km from Thunakadavu, and other at Zungam, 5km from Thunakadavu.

Parambikulam has one of the largest population of gaur (bison). It is also a home to elephants, sloth bears, wild boars, sambhars, chital tigers, panthers and crocodiles. There are also bonnet macaques, spectacled cobras, kraits, vipers, turtles, darters, little cormorants and black eagles.

Parambikulam is open throughout the year, but is best avoided during the monsoon. Between June and August, the monsoon rains lash, making hillsides unstable and causing slush, mosquitoes, drippy roofs and other nuisances. Boat cruises can be arranged in the Parambikulam Reservoir. The rest house of the state forest department at Thoonakkadavu, Thellikkal and Elathode offer comfortable lodging facilities. A tree - house in the reserved forest area in Thoonakkadavu has to be booked in advance. Kishanpur Sanctuary

Kishanpur Sanctuary was founded in 1972 over 227 sq. kms of terai forests and open meadows. It is home to the tiger, leopard and swamp deer.

How to get there

Rail: Nearest railhead is Mailani, 3 kms on North-Eastern Railway's metre gauge section

Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary

Location: 40 kms west of Dehradun, in the west of Dehradun valley on Dehradun-Paonta Road

Famous Activity: Bird Watching

Popularly Known As: Dhalipur Lake

Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary- A Bird Watchers Paradise The Asan Barrage, popularly known as Dhalipur lake, was created in the year 1967 as a result of the construction of Asan barrage at the confluence of the river Yamuna & Asan through Dhalipur power house. Asan Barrage is famous for bird watching.

About Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary: The Asan reservoir attracts 53 species of water birds of which 19 are winter migrants from Eurasia. During winter months 90% of the waterbird population comprises the following 11 migratory species, namely Brahminy Duck, Pintail, Red Crested Pochard, Gadwall, Common Pochard, Mallard, Coot, Wigeon, Common Teal, Tufted Duck, and Shoveller.

Topography of Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary The Asan Reservoir is a small man-made wetland of ca. 4 sq km area, located 40 km west of Dehradun, in the west of Dehradun valley on Dehradun-Paonta road. Geographically it is situated between latitude 30o 24'-30o 28' N and longitude 77o 40'-77o 44' E, near the confluence of the rivers Asan and Yamuna. The barrage is 287.5 m long, the river bed being 389.4 m above sea level, with minimum and maximum water levels respectively at 402.4 m and 403.3 m asl.

The Asan reservoir exists throughout the year and is fed from the river Asan and the discharge channel of Yamuna through Dhalipur powerhouse. Although the water level is controlled, it often goes down, and swampy islands in the middle become visible, attracting a variety of marsh-loving birds like Egrets, Herons and Lapwings, etc.

Climate (Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary): The reservoir has a typical North Indian monsoon climate, with distinct summer and winter months. Temperature: summer, max.38o C, min. 14o C; winter max. 21o C, min. 2o C; Average Rainfall 250 cm; South West monsoon during June to September.

Vegetation & Flora in Assan Barrage Bird Sanctuary: The aquatic vegetation of the reservoir consists of Eichhornia crassips, Potamogeton pectinatus, Typha elephantina, and Ceratophyllum demersum. The surrounding bushes include Xanthium strumarium, Eclipta prostrata, Ipomoea sp., Mimosa pudica, Achyranthus aspera, Polygonum glabrum, P. lanigerum, Aeschynomene sp., Ageratum conyzoides, phyllanthus sp., Monochoria hastata, Mosla dianthera, and Lantana camara. On the southern side, agricultural fields surround the barrage. Further south there is mixed forest in Siwaliks comprising principally Shorea robusta, Anogeissus Latifolia, Lannea coromandelica, Dalbergia sissoo, and Bombax ceiba.

Satkosia Basipalli Sanctuary West Bangal

Total Area 1330 sq kms Best time to visit September and March Accommodation Hotels & Restaurants Nearest Town Kolkata How to get there Train to Bhubaneshwar (0 kilometres); Air Port

Kolkata ( kilometres) Species found tigers, elephants, sambar, bears, wild dogs, pea fowls and pythons. This Satkosia Basipalli Sanctuary is famous for its Gharial breeding project. This is beautifully gifted from flora and fauna. A stay there and trekking in the long gorge is a fascinating experience

The pristine beauty of nature is made alive by the variety of the flora and fauna. The Fleming Red flowers of Genwa, the crab like red flower of Khalsi add to the dazzling display of nature. This 'fairyland' is made fascinating by the millions of micro organism found on the fringes of the islands.

Prominent Fauna Leopard, gaur or mithun, elephant, Himalayan black bear, takin, the wild goat, Patkoi range, musk deer, slow loris, binturong and the red panda. Species like the Assamese macaque, pig-tailed macaque, stump-tailed macaque and the hoolock gibbon.

India has over 500 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries (IUCN Category IV Protected Area). Among these, the 28 Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of the tiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically named Bird Sanctuary, eg. Keoladeo National Park before attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are named National Wildlife Sanctuary, like: Karakoram

Great Indian Bustard

Dandeli Karnataka • India

Palamau National Park

Sloth Bear

Great Indian Bustard

Great Indian Bustard is a large ground dwelling bird. It has a long neck and long bare large like that of an ostrich. It stands at about a meters high and is a large, brown and white bird, the male is about 122 cm in length and its weight is 8- 14.5 kg. The female is 92 cm in length and its weight is 3.5-6.75 kg.

karakoram

It is one of the Greater Ranges of Asia. Karakoram is a mountain range. It is spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India. It is located in the regions of Gilgit, ladach and balisten.

Dandeli can be recognised as a national integrated city, since it boasts of people from all over India. Because there are people from all parts of country, one can speak here in any language . Hindi (a mix of Urdu) is a commonly known language. Other languages spoken are Kannnda, Hindi, Marathi,Konkani, Telugu, Tamil, and Nepalese. Palamau National Park

The district is home to the famous Palamau National Park (Betla National Park) known for its wild life. The park is spread over a core area of 250 square kilometers. The area is rich in flora and fauna but also prone to severe droughts. The Palamau National Park was brought under Project Tiger in the year 1973 and is among the original Tiger Reserves of India. Sal and bamboo are the main vegetation. World's first tiger-census was done in the Palamau forests in the year 1932. Counting was based on pugmarks. There were around 44 tigers when the last census was done. There are several other wildlife found in the sanctuary — chital, chinkara, common langur, dhole (wild dogs), elephants, gaur, hares, Indian porcupine, nilgai, monkey, mouse deer, leopard, pangolin, panther, sambar, sloth bear, wild boar and wolves. Peafowl, red junglefowl and partridges are the common birds found here.

The tourists can drive through dense patches of sal and bamboo in the park. A guide and jeep can be hired from the forest department. Watch towers are there to observe the wildlife in relative safety.There are tree houses which can be rented out for stay and food arrangement is also there.

The wildlife sanctuary can be reached by train from Daltonganj or by air from Ranchi.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in India Area Year Name State (km²) 1 1979 Great Indian Bustard Maharashtra 8496.44 2 1986 Kutch Desert Gujarat 7506.22 3 1973 Wild Ass Gujarat 4953.7 4 ND Nelapattu Andhra Pradesh 4404 5 1991 Dibang Valley Arunachal Pradesh 4149 6 1987 Changthang Jammu & Kashmir 4000 7 1978 Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Andhra Pradesh 3568 8 ND Karakoram Jammu & Kashmir 1800 9 1978 Kaimur Bihar 1342.22 10 ND Gundlabrahmeswaram Andhra Pradesh 1194 11 1965 Gir Gujarat 1153.42 12 1975 Noradehi Madhya Pradesh 1034.52 13 1972 Kedarnath Uttar Pradesh 975.24 14 1965 Kawal Andhra Pradesh 893 15 1952 Pakhal Andhra Pradesh 879.3 16 1977 Pakhui Arunachal Pradesh 861.95 17 1979 Simlipal Orissa 845.7 18 ND Dandeli Karnataka 834.16 19 1953 Eturnagaram Andhra Pradesh 803 20 1987 Lachipora Jammu & Kashmir 800 21 1976 Satkosia Gorge Orissa 795.52 22 1989 Kamlang Arunachal Pradesh 783 23 1976 Palamau Jharkhand 767 24 1981 Narayan Sarovar (Chinkara) Gujarat 765.79 25 1976 Ratapani Madhya Pradesh 688.79 26 1976 Bhimbandh Bihar 681.9 27 1983 Keladevi Rajasthan 676 28 1963 Kolleru Andhra Pradesh 673 29 1977 Kinnerasani Andhra Pradesh 655.41 30 1962 Sechu Tuan Nala Himachal Pradesh 655.32 31 1979 National Chambal Uttar Pradesh 635 32 ND Rollapadu Andhra Pradesh 614 33 1978 Tamor Pingla Madhya Pradesh 608.52 34 1982 Schoolpaneshwar Gujarat 607.7 35 1988 Sunabema Orissa 600 36 1986 Askot Uttarakhand 599.93 36A 1985 Melghat Maharashtra 597.23 37 1978 Papikonda Andhra Pradesh 590.68 38 1971 Kumbhalgarh Rajasthan 578.26 39 ND Mundanthurai Tamil Nadu 567.38 40 1974 Sitanadi Madhya Pradesh 553.36 41 1975 Achanakmar Madhya Pradesh 551.55 42 1989 Balaram-Ambaji Gujarat 542.08 43 1987 Biligiri Rangswamy Temple Karnataka 539.52 44 1977 Bori Madhya Pradesh 518.25 45 1981 Ghatigaon Madhya Pradesh 512 46 1983 Phulwari Rajasthan 511.41 47 1987 Cauvery Karnataka 510.51 48 1986 Andhari Maharashtra 509.27 49 ND Srivenkateshwara Andhra Pradesh 506.94 50 1982 Kaimoor Uttar Pradesh 500.75 51 1985 Dampa Mizoram 500 52 1976 Pulicat Andhra Pradesh 500 53 1983 Todgarh Raoli Rajasthan 495.27 54 1974 Bhadra Karnataka 492.46 55 ND Srivilliputhur Tamil Nadu 485.2 56 1954 Govind Pashu Vihar Uttar Pradesh 481.04 57 1978 Bagdogra Madhya Pradesh 478.9 58 1950 Periyar Kerala 472 59 ND Srilanka Malleswara Andhra Pradesh 464.42 60 1977 Pachmarhi Madhya Pradesh 461.85 61 1978 Valmikinagar Bihar 461.6 62 ND Pulicat Tamil Nadu 461.02 63 1987 Sohagabarwa Uttar Pradesh 428.2 64 1987 Overa-Aru Jammu & Kashmir 425 65 1985 Koyna Maharashtra 423.55 66 1979 Sita Mata Rajasthan 422.94 67 1962 Tundah Himachal Pradesh 419.48 68 1974 Sharavathi Valley Karnataka 413.23 69 1976 Kateraniaghat Uttar Pradesh 400.09 70 1981 Kotgarh Orissa 399.05 71 1974 Shettihally Karnataka 395.6 72 1928 Manas Assam 391 73 1988 Gumti Tripura 389.54 74 1958 Radhangiri Maharashtra 371.88 75 1974 Gandhi Sagar Madhya Pradesh 368.62 76 1975 Sanjay (Dubri) Madhya Pradesh 364.69 77 1976 Singhalila West Bengal 362.4 78 1986 Kalsubai Harishchandra Maharashtra 361.71 79 ND Kaundinya Andhra Pradesh 357 80 1982 Rupi Bhabha Himachal Pradesh 354.14 81 1983 Sardarpur Florican Madhya Pradesh 348.12 82 1985 Debrigarh Orissa 346.91 83 ND Kuno - Palpur Madhya Pradesh 345 84 1981 Palpur - Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary Madhya Pradesh 344.68 85 1973 Waynad Kerala 344.44 86 1986 Jaikwadi Maharashtra 341.05 87 1978 Samarsot Madhya Pradesh 340.35 88 1962 Kugti Himachal Pradesh 330 89 1986 Painganga Maharashtra 324.62 90 1983 Pong Dam Sanctuary Himachal Pradesh 322.7 91 ND Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 321.55 92 1978 National Chambal Madhya Pradesh 320 93 1985 Chandoli Maharashtra 308.97 94 1982 Ramgarh Bundi Rajasthan 307 95 1988 Badrama Orissa 304.03 96 1987 Sonanandi Uttar Pradesh 301.18 97 1982 Jamwa Ramgarh Rajasthan 300 98 1980 Marine (Gulf of Kutch) Gujarat 293.03 99 1960 Mountabu Rajasthan 288.84 100 1976 Singhori (Sindhari) Madhya Pradesh 287.91 101 1973 Parambikulam Kerala 285 102 1980 Mehao Arunachal Pradesh 281.5 103 1983 National Chambal Rajasthan 280 104 1972 Gomardah Madhya Pradesh 277.82 105 1984 Kuldiha Orissa 272.75 106 1955 Darah Rajasthan 265.83 107 1983 Pamed Wild Buffalo Madhya Pradesh 262 108 1986 Gautala Autramghat Maharashtra 260.61 109 1976 Gautam Buddha Bihar 259.48 110 1986 Buxa West Bengal 251.89 111 1988 Kanji Jammu & Kashmir 250 112 1983 Udanti Wild Buffalo Madhya Pradesh 247.59 113 1974 Mukambika Karnataka 247 114 1983 Panpatha Madhya Pradesh 245.84 115 1976 Barnawapra Madhya Pradesh 244.66 116 1962 Nargu Himachal Pradesh 243.13 117 1962 Bandli Himachal Pradesh 239.47 118 1978 Coringa Andhra Pradesh 235.79 119 1977 Ranipur Uttar Pradesh 230.31 120 1983 Bhensrodgarh Rajasthan 229.14 121 1972 Kishanpur Uttar Pradesh 227.12 122 ND Kalakkadu Tamil Nadu 223.58 123 1989 Eaglenest Arunachal Pradesh 217 124 1990 Jaldapara West Bengal 216.51 125 1987 Spike Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 211.7 126 1978 Lawalang Bihar 211.03 127 1985 Nakti Dam Bihar 206.4 128 1986 Kabar Bihar 204 129 1981 Karera Madhya Pradesh 202.21 130 1975 Intanki Nagaland 202.02 131 ND Krishna Andhra Pradesh 194.81 132 1976 Dalma Bihar 193.22 133 1985 Baretha Rajasthan 192.76 134 1979 Barda Gujarat 192.31 135 1978 Hadgarh Orissa 191.06 136 1978 D'ering Memorial Arunachal Pradesh 190 137 1975 Abohar Punjab 188.24 138 1976 Hazaribagh Bihar 186.25 139 1987 Gulmarg Jammu & Kashmir 186 140 1985 Lakhari Valley Orissa 185.87 141 1989 Yagoupokpi Lokchao Manipur 184.8 142 1974 Bramhagiri Karnataka 181.29 143 1978 Jessore Gujarat 180.66 144 1985 Koderma Bihar 177.95 145 1969 Yawal Maharashtra 177.52 146 1982 Chandaka Dampara Orissa 175.79 147 1934 Sonai Rupai Assam 175 148 1987 Trishna Tripura 170.56 149 1981 Baisipalli Orissa 168.35 150 1990 Purna Gujarat 160.84 151 1970 Nagzira Maharashtra 152.81 152 1991 Ngengpui Mizoram 150 153 1967 Bhagwan Mahavir Goa 148.52 154 1992 Karlapat Orissa 147.66 155 1978 Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh 140.3 156 1983 Bhairamgarh Madhya Pradesh 138.95 157 1985 Nameri Assam 137.07 158 1980 Pranahita Andhra Pradesh 136.02 159 1986 Chaprala Maharashtra 134.78 Andaman & Nicobar 160 1985 Interview Island 133 Islands 161 1985 Bhimashankar Maharashtra 130.78 162 1990 Jambughoda Gujarat 130.38 163 1952 Pocharam Andhra Pradesh 130 164 1958 Neyyar Kerala 128 165 1976 Murti Wildlife West Bengal 127.22 166 1958 Peechi Vazhani Kerala 125 167 ND Kheoni Madhya Pradesh 122.7 168 1969 Nal Sarovar Gujarat 120.82 169 1962 Gobind Sagar & Naina Devi Himachal Pradesh 120.67 170 1974 Ranebennur Karnataka 119 171 1982 Khalasuni Orissa 116 172 1987 Chautala Haryana 113.96 173 1983 Fensatallite Madhya Pradesh 110.24 174 1976 Chail Himachal Pradesh 110.04 175 1987 Hirpora Jammu & Kashmir 110 176 ND Sundha Mata Rajasthan 107 177 1949 Gamgul Siahbehi Himachal Pradesh 105.46 178 1987 Talakaveri Karnataka 105 179 1984 Chimony Kerala 105 180 1968 Bhagwan Mahavir Goa 105 181 1975 Badankhoh Madhya Pradesh 104.35 182 1984 Sawai Mansingh Rajasthan 103.25 183 1987 Pushpagiri Karnataka 102.59 184 1984 Shenduruny Kerala 100.32 185 1986 Nandpur Madmeshwar Maharashtra 100.12 186 1989 Sessa Orchid Arunachal Pradesh 100 187 1980 Jawahar Sagar Rajasthan 100 188 1983 Shergarh Rajasthan 98.71 189 1962 Darlaghat Himachal Pradesh 98.71 190 1984 Chinnar Kerala 90.44 191 1974 Someswara Karnataka 88.4 192 1986 Aner Dam Maharashtra 82.94 193 ND Mukkurthi Tamil Nadu 78.46 194 1957 Chandra Prabha Uttar Pradesh 78 195 1976 Idukki Kerala 77 196 1988 Katepurna Maharashtra 73.69 197 1985 Orang Assam 72.6 198 1984 Balukhand Konark Orissa 71.72 199 1962 Shikari Devi Himachal Pradesh 71.19 200 1979 Laokhowa Assam 70.14 201 1975 Bhitarkanika Orissa 70 202 1986 Phansad Maharashtra 69.79 203 1976 Tirthan Himachal Pradesh 68.25 204 1976 Mahuadaur Bihar 63.25 205 1954 Kanawar Himachal Pradesh 61.57 206 1970 Bor Maharashtra 61.1 207 1955 Van Vihar Rajasthan 59.93 208 1974 Narsingarh Madhya Pradesh 57.19 209 1985 Churdhar Himachal Pradesh 56.59 210 1982 Ratanmahal Gujarat 55.65 211 1991 Kane Arunachal Pradesh 55 212 1984 Aralam Kerala 55 213 1983 Peppara Kerala 53 214 1956 Jaisamand Rajasthan 52 Barsey Rhododendron 215 1984 Sikkim 51.76 Sanctuary 216 1984 Fambong Lho Sikkim 51.76 217 1980 Nahargarh Rajasthan 50 218 1974 Melkote Temple Karnataka 49.82 219 1984 Parasnath Bihar 49.23 220 ND Pabha Assam 49 221 1988 Binsar Uttarakhand 45.59 222 1981 Ken Gharial Madhya Pradesh 45 223 1982 Harike Lake Punjab 43 224 1981 Sone Gharial Madhya Pradesh 41.8 225 1991 Khawnglung Mizoram 41 226 1989 Dipor Beel Assam 40 227 1989 Paniya Gujarat 39.63 228 1981 Surinsar-Mansar Jammu & Kashmir 39.58 229 1976 Senchal West Bengal 38.88 230 1987 Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary Assam 38.83 231 1962 Raksham Chitkul Himachal Pradesh 38.27 232 1976 Lothian Island West Bengal 38 233 1962 Naina Devi Himachal Pradesh 37.19 234 1978 Siwaram Andhra Pradesh 36.29 235 1962 Talra Himachal Pradesh 36.16 236 1978 Rajgir Bihar 35.84 237 1987 Maenam Sikkim 35.34 238 1981 Nandini Jammu & Kashmir 33.72 239 1984 Shingba Rhododendron Sikkim 32.5 240 1987 Overa Jammu & Kashmir 32.37 241 1962 Majathal Himachal Pradesh 31.64 242 1954 Manali sanctuary Himachal Pradesh 31.27 243 1949 Kalatop & Khajjiar Himachal Pradesh 30.69 244 1970 Tansa Maharashtra 30.41 245 1974 Nugu Karnataka 30.32 246 1974 Ghataprabha Karnataka 29.78 247 1962 Lippa Asrang Himachal Pradesh 29.53 248 1987 Landfall Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 29.48 249 1987 Malvan Marine Maharashtra 29.12 250 1981 Nongkhyllem Meghalaya 29 251 1962 Daranghati Himachal Pradesh 27.01 252 1980 Barnadi Assam 26.22 253 1987 Limber Jammu & Kashmir 26 254 [[]] Sukhna Chandigarh 25.42 255 1983 Thattekkad Bird Kerala 25 256 1983 Crocodile (Lohabrrack) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 22.21 257 1986 Hastinapur Uttar Pradesh 20.73 258 ND Tongri Jammu & Kashmir 20 259 1978 Manjira Andhra Pradesh 20 260 1987 Sepahijala Tripura 18.53 261 1954 Khokhan Himachal Pradesh 17.6 262 ND Point Calimere Tamil Nadu 17.26 263 1958 Simbalbara Himachal Pradesh 17.2 264 1987 Chilka Lake (Nalaban) Orissa 15.53 265 1988 Rampura Gujarat 15.01 266 1985 Arabithittu Karnataka 13.5 267 ND Indira Priyadarshini Delhi 13.2 268 1983 Sailana Florican Madhya Pradesh 12.96 269 1981 Ramnagar Jammu & Kashmir 12.9 270 1954 Kais Himachal Pradesh 12.2 271 1975 Bir Shikargarh Haryana 10.93 272 1985 Sagershwar Maharashtra 10.87 273 1987 Defence Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 10.49 274 ND Hokarsar Jammu & Kashmir 10 275 1987 Cinque Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 9.51 276 1987 Flat Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 9.36 277 1987 Buchaan Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 9.33 278 1977 Barren Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8.1 279 1987 Kyd Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8 280 1972 Bondla Wildlife Goa 8 281 1987 Shearme Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 7.85 282 1987 Paget Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 7.36 283 1985 Tilanchang Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 6.83 284 1977 Narcondum Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 6.81 285 1987 West Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 6.4 286 1987 East Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 6.11 287 1976 Halliday Island West Bengal 5.95 288 1987 Ranger Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 4.26 289 1987 Swamp Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 4.09 290 1987 East (Inglis) Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.55 291 1977 North Reef Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.48 292 1987 Benett Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.46 293 1987 Talabaicha Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.21 294 1987 Point Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.07 295 1987 Baltal Jammu & Kashmir 3 296 1987 Bondoville Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 2.55 297 1987 Table (Delgarno) Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 2.29 298 1985 Battimalve Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 2.23 299 1987 James Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 2.1 300 1979 Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary Goa 1.8 301 1987 Reef Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.74 302 1987 Table (Excelsior) Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.69 303 1977 South Sentinel Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.61 304 1987 Sandy Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.58 305 1987 Roper Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.46 306 1987 Pitman Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.37 307 1987 South Brother Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.24 308 1987 South Reef Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.17 309 1987 Bluff Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.14 310 1987 Sir Huge Rose Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.06 311 1987 Temple Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.04 312 1987 Ross Island Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.01 313 ND Ranganthittu Karnataka 0.67 314 ND Bir Motibagh Punjab ND 315 ND Bhagmara Meghalaya ND 316 ND Tal Chappar Rajasthan ND 317 ND Renuka Himachal Pradesh ND 318 ND Shilli Himachal Pradesh ND 319 ND Bir Bunnerheri Punjab ND 320 ND Bassi Rajasthan ND 321 ND National Garhial Rajasthan ND 322 ND Khijadiya Gujarat ND 323 ND Bir Gurdialpura Punjab ND 324 ND Asan Bradge Bird Watching Uttar Pradesh ND 325 ND Chilla Uttar Pradesh ND 326 ND Mahavir Swamy Uttar Pradesh ND 327 ND Nawabganj Uttar Pradesh ND 328 ND Samaspur Uttar Pradesh ND 329 ND Dhakna Kolkaz Maharashtra ND 330 ND Gandhari Maharashtra ND 331 ND Wainganga Maharashtra ND 332 ND Dhumkhal Gujarat ND 333 ND Ushakothi Orissa ND 334 ND Chandra Prabha Bihar ND 335 ND Topchanchi Bihar ND 336 ND Bibnutibhushan West Bengal ND 337 ND Betuadahary West Bengal ND 338 ND Ballavpur West Bengal ND 339 ND Chapramari West Bengal ND 340 ND Gorumara West Bengal ND 341 ND Jorpokhri West Bengal ND 342 ND Mahananda West Bengal ND 343 ND Parnadhan West Bengal ND 344 ND Ramnabagan West Bengal ND 345 ND Raiganj West Bengal ND 346 ND Kyongasia Alpine Sikkim ND 347 ND Garampani Assam ND 348 ND Siju Meghalaya ND 349 ND Pulebatze Nagaland ND 350 ND Fakim Nagaland ND 351 ND Charilam Tripura ND 352 ND Lanjamadugu Andhra Pradesh ND 353 ND Karikili Tamil Nadu ND 354 ND Vedantangal Tamil Nadu ND 355 ND Vettangudi Tamil Nadu ND 356 ND Vallanadu Tamil Nadu 16.41 357 ND Kumarakom Kerala ND

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My Idea of a Good School

There are a number of schools in my town. But all are not good. A good school is rare. My idea of a good school in as follows. Now days, we are often Idea with homework tortured with examination and assignment. Everyone wants their school to be a paradise of even have where they are can enjoy their school days better without "I like my school because it has some really cool teachers who make the lessons interesting and really make you want to work hard. Although I was bullied last year the school did things about it and gave me support." Sam, 13, Solihull "I like school because I get to do things that can't do at home and I love seeing my friends." Adelaide, 11, Amsterdam "I like my school because we get art on Mondays and a little bit(not all the time) on Tuesdays!!" Stephanie, 11, Dudley "I like it when my teacher tells us stories that have happened to her e.g. when her hair dryer caught fire!" Shayma, 10, Eastbourne "The best things about my school are that we get to do fun musicals every year, and we have interactive whiteboards to use the internet and make learning fun!" Danielle, 12, Stockport "My school is small so everyone knows each other." Laura, 7 "I love my school because the company is great. The teaching staff offer a lot of support, our facilities are good, our standard of learning is excellent and our success rate is very high. I am at a specialist languages school so lots of extra languages are available and there are three compulsory languages, so our chances of getting good jobs is good when we are older." Holly, 13, Kent "I like my school because my friends are there. I think that they are wrong by saying that they are 'The Best Days Of Our Lives' because you still get homework and have to work really hard. I do like learning how to draw and playing new sports." Lizzie, 11, Solihull "What I like about school is that I get to see my friends and have a chat and play with them." Lauren, 10, Coventry "I really like school because I get to see my friends and teachers and learn more." Lin, 11, Inverness "I like my school because we recycle loads and we do loads of fun activities. We have Cardiff City in to teach us football. My teacher Mr Parker is the best ever!" Courtney, 10, Barry "I love my school because I have great friends and the teaching staff are so supportive and encouraging. Every school year we have the opportunity to choose from a list of holiday activities and go on them with our school. It's such good fun! This year I'm going on a water sports week." Mia, 13, London "I love going to school to play with my friends and enter athletics competitions!" Simran, 10, Slough "I like my lessons, especially English. I also like my teachers and making lots of friends!" Rosie, 11, Lake District "I like seeing my friends and the teachers because they are nice. There are no fights in my school. There are only 10 children in my class (including me). I like playing in our colourful playground which has a garden area at the back." Isha, 6, Glasgow "The best things about my school are that we get to do fun musicals every year and we have interactive whiteboards to use the internet and make learning fun!" Danielle, 11, Stockport "I like my school although I was bullied when I was younger. I just opened up and now I have a lot of friends. My school helps people who are bullied and that's why I really enjoy going to school because the teachers and pupils are really nice and friendly." Mhairi, 11, Fife "My school offers a lot of activities and it makes learning fun!" Miyu, 11, West Sussex "I like my school because we have really friendly staff! They are always there to help if we have any problems and are always fair about things." Katie, 13, London "I like going to school because I love to do PE but I hate it when we have tests!" Ellie, 12, Harrogate "The best thing about my school would have to be our school library because there's internet access on all of the computers and an area where you can just sit and read quietly or do your homework, I love to read." Emma, 13, Ferndale "I like being in school because I see all my friends and I learn a lot but I simply HATE having to get up so early in the morning to get the bus." Ophelie, 12, London "I like the lunch time clubs. I love going to play sport at lunch time - mainly rugby." Lucy, 11, Northamptonshire "I love going to school and learning. I want to be a teacher when I am older." Katy, 13, Wootton "I love school because I get to see my friends. We have loads to do because we have a tire park and an adventure playground. I love our numeric hour because its really fun and I am really good at it." Rachel, 8, Manchester "I like being in the community of my school as my mates make life worth living and being at school. A key thing of me enjoying school is doing the end of year school plays!" Hollie, 11, Nottingham "My school is starting a new thing where you buy a membership card and you can borrow equipment from the school to play with, like footballs, ropes and tennis sets. I think this is a great way to encourage kids to exercise." Scott, 12, Coleraine "I love my school because all the teachers are really nice and we go on loads of trips and make loads of things, my favourite subject is History." Kate, 10, London "I really like going to school because it's where I meet my mates and do some activities rather than sit home and be bored. There are a few down sides as well." Eleanor, 12, Ireland "I love my school because it gives you a good education. The only thing I would change about my school is the school dinners, they are very healthy but don't give you a good variety to choose from." Emma, 11, Halesowen "My school is a fun place because our head teacher makes the school fun and interesting by putting in pets and different play equipment." Lauren, 11, Newcastle "I love my school and all of my new friends, my school treats me with respect and I do the same. My teachers are so nice to me even though I can get in a bad mood and become very naughty sometimes." Billie, 12, London "I like my school because we have a say in what goes on. We got to design our school uniform and logo and now it's much more popular." Katie, 10, Fife "The school is good but the teachers don't do anything about bullying. Other than that, they work hard." Rob, 13, Manchester "My school is alright. The teachers are fair and work hard but it's still a school with rules, so I'd much rather stay in bed!" Alex, 11, Ashington "Our school is really cool. Our teachers are really nice. Also, all of our lessons are made fun by doing activities." Rhiannon, 10, Wiltshire "My school is nice, fun and very active. The teachers are so funny and my school is one great big family cause we all get along! My class is the best." Grace, 10, Mullingar "I love my school as all the teachers are really supportive and have a sense of humour. On the last day of term the Year 6's do a leavers assembly and we do a play. I had one teacher who was really mean. He even swore at us. However he was sacked from his job." Molly, 11, Sussex "I like my school because we have interactive whiteboards that I enjoy and I was in a wheel chair a few weeks ago and everyone was so supportive." Michael, 9, Croydon "I love my school because it is where I learn and where I have fun. But one thing I don't like my school for is the terrific smells and language on the walls. My favourite subject is art and language and for people that are bored they can go to OCC (Orange Card Club were you have lots of fun)." Georgia, 10, Barnstaple "Lunch, the best thing is the school dinners. They are healthy and delicious plus if you have a packed lunch you can sit outside, although the school dinners now cost £1.60 and used to cost £1.54. It's a rip off." Billy, 8, Crowbrough "After half term it's nice seeing your mates. Having a laugh is good fun with the teacher as well!" Bethany, 9, Eastbourne "I love school and my teachers are really nice. My school makes learning fun for everyone and helps children that struggle." Lesson One/Part One:

Why write to persuade?

The goal of "argument" is to win acceptance of your ideas when others, for whatever reason, don't agree with you. (Even good people don't always agree on what is right or fair.) Imagine congress if everyone agreed. Would there ever be true progress in our society if everyone always agreed? The point of a persuasive paper is not to show how mad we are. The argument itself makes us take a closer look at our own and others' ideas more carefully. Writing a persuasive paper helps us to look at evidence, state ideas more clearly, to consider the claims of the opposition fairly, and to justify our own position.

What is the goal of your paper? Spend some time thinking about the topic for your persuasive paper. A persuasive paper works best when there is a disagreement of some sort; a wrong that needs "righting". If there is no disagreement, then there is no point to writing the argument!

Pre-Writing Assignment- Part One

Create a situation statement : Purpose: I want to argue in favor of :______.(What do I hope to accomplish? Why is it important? What benefits would be realized? What problems would be eliminated? What questions would be answered? How would other people be affected? What obstacles must be overcome?) About you:Why do you want to argue in favor of ______? What makes your opinion important? How would the decision affect you? About your reader: I need to convince ______. (Who is the person that has the power to change the situation? Why would they not want to listen to your idea?)

Just writing a situation statement helps you focus on your writing.

Here are some ideas to start with:

I want to argue for better lunches at school

I want to argue for longer recess.

I want to argue for less homework.

I want to argue to sit wherever I want in class.

I think we should be able to wear hats to school.

Lesson One/Part Two:

You have to convince your opposition! In order to write an effective persuasive paper, you must anticipate and overcome objections that the opposition might raise. In thinking about your opposition, ask yourself questions like the following:

What will they say against my idea? How can I defend my idea against their arguments? Are there any of my points that they can easily attack? Can I see any weak links in the opposition's thinking? Making a Pro/Con chart will help you identify areas that you can address in your paper. Here is a sample one for "I think the school should serve better lunches"

For (Pro) Against (Con) Students will eat all of their lunc Lunches would cost more money instead of throwing them away. If more people bought lunch Students learn better when t more people would need to aren't hungry. hired. Students will want to come Students only want junk food. school for the good lunches.

Pre-Writing Assignment- Part Two Plotting your argument like this provides a balanced view of the issues. It allows you to see whether you have a chance of making your case and helps you to anticipate crucial points that may determine your success or failure. Don't try to look good by mentioning only weaker opposition arguments. When you work on the con side of the chart, try to see the issue through the eyes of the opposition, and draw out the best arguments they could use against you. Then, when you've completed your Pro and Con Chart, look back at your proposition to see if it needs revision. You might also begin thinking about how to refute the opposition's arguments. F O R M A T Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

Name : Rajender Kumar Sharma

Designation : Asstt. Director

Service : (E&T)

Room No. : 114, IIIrd Floor, Parliament House

Telephone No. : 23034382, 23035103

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

I had joined this Secretariat in 1993 in the Pay Scale of Rs. 1640-2900/- which was revised as Rs. 1880-2900/- (which is now 7450-13500). Hence, in order to maintain batch parity it is quite justified that all Assistant Directors (E&T) who have completed more than five years of combined service in the grades of pre-revised Pay Scales of Rs. 8000-13500 should be placed in the pre-revised Pay Scale of Rs. 12000-16500.

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

There should be provision for Parliamentary Pay in place of Parliamentary Allowance.

All A.D.s (E&T) should be provided with telephone facilities including unlimited internet connection at their residences. Officers working in Synopsis Section may be given uniforms.

Date ______Signature ______

F O R M A T Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

Name : D.C. Sharma

Designation : Asstt. Director

Service : (E&T)

Room No. : 114, IIIrd Floor, Parliament House

Telephone No. : 23034382, 23035103

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

I had joined this Secretariat in 1990 in the Pay Scale of Rs. 1640-2900/- which was revised as Rs. 1880-2900/- (which is now 7450-13500). Hence, in order to maintain batch parity it is quite justified that all Assistant Directors (E&T) who have completed more than five years of combined service in the grades of pre-revised Pay Scales of Rs. 8000-13500 should be placed in the pre-revised Pay Scale of Rs. 12000-16500.

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

There should be provision for Parliamentary Pay in place of Parliamentary Allowance.

All A.D.s (E&T) should be provided with telephone facilities including unlimited internet connection.

Since this Section perform its duty till late hours in the night during Session period, there should be provision for staff car exclusively for Synopsis Section.

Date ______Signature ______

F O R M A T Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

Name : Maheshwar Prasad Singh

Designation : Asstt. Director

Service : (E&T)

Room No. : 114, IIIrd Floor, Parliament House

Telephone No. : 23034382, 23035103

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

I had joined this Secretariat in 1986 in the Pay Scale of Rs. 1640-2900/- which was revised as Rs. 1880-2900/- later on (which is now 7450-13500) and I am still holding the post of Asstt. Director (Rs. 10,000-15200) even after putting more than 22 years of my service. I may be placed in the scale of Rs. 12000-16500/- (Rs. 7600 Grade Pay) in order to maintain batch parity and to compensate the previous loss.

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

There should be provision for Parliamentary Pay in place of Parliamentary Allowance.

All A.D.s (E&T) should be provided with residential telephone facilities including unlimited internet connection.

Since this Section performs its duty till late hours in the night during Session period, there should be provision for staff car exclusively for Synopsis Section. Officer in Synopsis Section may be provided uniform.

Date ______Signature ______

F O R M A T

Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

Name : J.P. Maithani

Designation : Asstt. Director

Service : (E&T)

Room No. : 114, IIIrd Floor, Parliament House

Telephone No. : 23034382, 23035103

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

All Asstt. Directors (E&T) who have completed more than 15 (Fifteen) years of combined service in the grades of translator (7450-9000), Editor (8000-13,500) and Asstt. Director (10,000-15,200) should be placed in pre revised pay scale of Rs. 12,000-16500 (New Grade Pay 7600).

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

Apart from Parliamentary Allowance, persons sitting on late duty i.e. in Synopsis Section, Translation-I Section, Translation II (Question) Section should be given special allowance. There should be provision for Parliamentary Pay in place of Parliamentary Allowance.

All A.D.s (E&T) should be provided with telephone facilities at their residence including unlimited internet connection.

Date ______Signature ______

F O R M A T Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

Name : J.P. Maithani

Designation : Asstt. Director

Service : (E&T)

Room No. : 114, IIIrd Floor, Parliament House

Telephone No. : 23034382, 23035103

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

All A.D.s (E&T) should be provided with telephone facilities at their residence including unlimited internet connection.

Date ______Signature ______

F O R M A T

Suggestions/views on revision of the scales of pay allowances leave and pensionary benefits in the context of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission. Name :

Designation :

Service :

Room No. :

Telephone No. :

I. Suggestion/views on revision of the scales of pay

II. Suggestion/views on allowances, amenities and facilities

Date ______Signature ______

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