DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11) 4,338,237 Sulzbach Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11) 4,338,237 Sulzbach Et Al United States Patent (19) 11) 4,338,237 Sulzbach et al. 45 Jul. 6, 1982 (54) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 57 ABSTRACT AQUEOUS, COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS OF COPOLYMERS OF THE An improved process for the preparation of aqueous, TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/ETHYLENE colloidal dispersions of copolymers comprising at most TYPE 60 mole % of units of tetrafluoroethylene, 60 to 40 mole % of units of ethylene and 0 to 15 mole % of units of at 75 Inventors: Reinhard A. Sulzbach; Robert least one other a-olefinic monomer, which can be copo Hartwimmer, both of Burghausen, lymerized with tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene, in the Fed. Rep. of Germany presence of manganese compounds as the catalyst is 73 Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, described. In this process, the emulsion polymerization Frankfurt, Fed. Rep. of Germany is carried out in an aqueous phase in the presence (a) of 21 Appl. No.: 275,881 a chain transfer agent of the formula X-CH2-COOR (X = Cl, Br, COOH, COOR, COCH5, CH3, C2H5 or 22 Filed: Jun. 22, 1981 C3H7; and R = C1-C4-alkyl), and (b) of a compound 30 Foreign Application Priority Data which stabilizes the dispersion and has the formula Jun. 28, 1980 IDE Fed. Rep. of Germany ....... 3O24450 NH-O-C-Y 51 Int. Cl. ................................................ C08K 5/32 52 U.S. C. ...................................... 524/777; 526/91; O 526/211; 526/255; 524/767 58 Field of Search ..................... 260/29.6 N, 29.6 T, (Y-COONH4, COOH, CH3, CH2OH, CH2COOH or 260/29.6 F; 526/91, 255, 211 CH2COONH4). (b) can additionally contain an ammo nium salt of an inorganic non-metal acid, for example 56 References Cited ammonium chloride or fluoride, Terpolymers or quater U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS polymers containing, in addition to tetrafluoroethylene 3,704,285 11/1972 Porter ............................ 260/87.5 A and ethylene, preferably hexafluoropropylene and/or a 3,707,519 12/1972 Hahn ............... ... 260/29.6 F "bulky" vinyl monomer as the third and/or fourth co 3,859,262 l/1975 Hartwimmer .................... 260/80.77 monomer are preferably prepared. The copolymer dis 4,016,345 4/1977 Holmes ........... ... 526/2O6 persions thus prepared have very low coagulate con 4,078,134 3/1978 Kuhls et al. ......... ... 526/204 tents and are very stable and the copolymers have melt 4,098,975 7/1978 Shimuzo et al. ... ... 52.6/73 flow indices most appropriate to the processing opera 4,123,602 10/1978 Ukinashi et al. .................... 526/206 tions. They can be processed to coatings and shaped Primary Examiner-Joseph L. Schofer articles. Assistant Examiner-Bernard Lipman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Connolly and Hutz 4 Claims, No Drawings 4,338,237 2 other monomers) which have too high a molecular PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF weight, and, as a result, too high a melt viscosity (or too AQUEOUS, COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS OF low a melt flow index), for processing of the copolymer COPOLYMERS OF THE by thermoplastic shaping processes are obtained by this TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/ETHYLENE TYPE 5 known procedure. As a further disadvantage, the aque ous, colloidal dispersions prepared by this known pro The invention relates to a process for the preparation cess have an unsatisfactory dispersion stability, that is to of stable, aqueous, colloidal dispersions of copolymers say they tend to coagulate, and coagulate completely if of the tetrafluoroethylene type in the presence of chain the copolymer solids content exceeds 15% by weight transfer agents. 10 during the preparation. Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene units There was thus the object of improving the process are known. They have an excellent stability to changes for the preparation of aqueous, colloidal dispersions of in temperature and to chemicals and can be processed copolymers of the tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene type in from the melt by thermoplastic shaping processes. the presence of manganese acids or salts thereof as cata However, the copolymers consisting exclusively of 15 lysts, to the effect that the mean molecular weight of the tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene units are somewhat colloidally dispersed copolymers is reduced and the brittle in the temperature range between 150 C. and melt viscosity of these copolymers is thus adjusted to 200 C. An improvement is achieved by incorporating within the range necessary for the processing operation, into the chains of these copolymers units of other vinyl and, at the same time, the stability of the copolymer monomers in an amount of up to 15 mole %. dispersions formed is increased such that colloidal dis Such copolymers comprising tetrafluoroethylene, persions of tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene copolymers ethylene and, if appropriate, other monomers are usu with a solids content of more than 15% by weight can ally prepared by polymerization in organic solvents, be prepared directly by copolymerization in the purely fluoroalkanes and fluorochloroalkanes having proved aqueous phase without substantial formation of coagul to be advantageous solvents. This type of copolymer 25 late and without the addition of organic solvents. ization in organic solvents gives a suspension of the To achieve this object, the present invention provides copolymer particles with a mean particle diameter of a process for preparing a stable, aqueous, colloidal dis > 10 um in the solvent. The fluoroalkanes or fluoro persion of a copolymer containing as comonomers in chloralkanes employed for this purpose are expensive copolymerized form at most 60 mole percent of tetraflu substances which must as far as possible be recovered. 30 oroethylene, from 60 to 40 mole percent of ethylene, Attempts have therefore already been made to carry and from 0 to 15 mole percent of at least one additional out the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and a-olefinic comonomer copolymerizable with tetrafluor ethylene in mixtures of water and an organic solvent or oethylene and ethylene, by copolymerization of said in a purely aqueous reaction medium. The use of fluoro comonomers in an aqueous medium having dissolved chloroalkanes in a mixture with water is described in 35 therein a fluorinated emulsifying agent and a catalyst Japanese Allowed Patent Specification No. 49-011,746 selected from the group of acids of manganese, their and in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. salts, and manganese compounds capable of being con 49-024,295. A process in which 10 to 150% by weight of verted into said manganese acids or salts thereof under a fluorochloralkane is added to the aqueous reaction copolymerization conditions, which comprises copoly medium as a reaction accelerator is known from Ger 40 merizing in the presence of man Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,444,516. Mixtures of (a) a chain transfer agent of the general formula tert.-butyl alcohol and water are recommended as the X-CH2-COOR wherein X is Cl, Br, COOH, COOR, reaction medium in U.S. Pat. No. 2,468,664 and U.S. COCH3, CH3, C2Hs, or C3H7; and R is an alkyl group Pat. No. 3,401,155. However, stable aqueous disper having of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a mixture sions comprising colloidal particles of copolymers of 45 thereof, and the tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene type cannot be pre (b) a dispersion-stabilizing compound of the general pared by these processes mentioned. It is also not possi formula ble to prepare stable aqueous, colloidal dispersions of such tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene copolymers under conditions such as are customary for the preparation of 50 NH-O-C-Y aqueous, colloidal dispersions of polytetrafluoroethyl O ene, that is to say in the presence of perfluorinated emulsifiers and watersoluble peroxidic compounds or wherein Y is COONH4, COOH, CH, CH2OH, redox systems as catalysts. Under these conditions, ei CH2COOH, or CH2COONH4, including hydrates and ther no reaction takes place or the dispersions already 55 mixtures of said compounds, said dispersion-stabilizing coagulate at a very low solids content, unless additional compound being present in an amount of at least 0.001 organic solvents, such as, for example, trifluorotri mole/l aqueous medium. chloroethane, are used as stabilizing additives (Italian It is indeed known to carry out the polymerization of Pat. No. 874,129). fluoroolefins in the presence of chain transfer agents, The preparation of colloidal dispersions in a purely 60 and a large number of classes of compounds have al aqueous phase became possible when it was found that ready been proposed for this purpose. The copolymer aqueous dispersions of tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene ization of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene (and, if ap copolymers with a solids content of up to about 15% by propriate, other additional monomers) in organic sol weight can be obtained using manganese acids or salts vents has also already been carried out in the presence thereofas catalysts in the presence of customary emulsi 65 of chain transfer agents, for example in the presence of fiers. This is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,859,262. How acetone or cyclohexane, in isolated cases. However, ever, aqueous, colloidal dispersions of copolymers of when the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene (and, if appropriate, ethylene and, if appropriate, other monomers is carried 4,338,237 3 4. out in a purely aqueous phase, these chain transfer aqueous medium during the copolymerization, that is to agents have one, several or all of the disadvantages say at pH values from 6 to 1, preferably from 4 to 2. mentioned in the following text: the molecular weight These ammonium salts of inorganic non-metal acids regulating action is insufficient, the rate of polymeriza which are additionally employed are added in an tion is too greatly reduced, the dispersion stability is amount of 0 to 0.1 mole/l of aqueous polymerization drastically reduced, or the properties of the pulverulent medium. copolymers formed by coagulation are considerably Both the compounds (b) which stabilize the disper impaired, which is manifested, for example, by blister sion and the ammonium salts of inorganic non-metal ing, discoloration or poorer mechanical properties of acids which are additionally added, if appropriate, can shaped articles produced therefrom.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transport of Dangerous Goods
    ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions.
    [Show full text]
  • 1,45%,562 UNITED SATES P All.‘ Bl If" Til?
    Patented May 1, 1923. 1,45%,562 UNITED SATES P All.‘ bl if" til? . ROBERT E. WILSON, LEON ‘JV. PARSONS, AND STANLEY 1E. OHXSHOLIYI, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. PROCESS THE PRODUCTION OE‘ All‘HALLEAETELMLETAL PERTJIANGANATES. N0 Drawing". Application ?led September 27, 1918. Serial No. 255,975. To (all to]: am it may concern. .' manganate by oxidation or acidification, Be it known that we, Romain‘ E. lllinsou, metatheses into calcium pern'iangamite by LEON “7. Parsons, and STANLEY L. Unis treatment With calcium sulphate or milk at HoLM, citizens of the United States. and sta lime. tioned at ViTashington, District of Columbia, O'li' these four possible methods, (1.) is not 60 in the o?icc of the Director the Chemical a possible large scale method. on account l/Varfare Service, Research Division, have in of its use ot silver; (2) and are elec vented a Process for the ll’roduction oif Al trolytic methods Without a. great deal out kali-Earth-l\letal Permanpjanates, of which promise, and are to be considered elsewhere; ll) the ‘following is a speci?cation. (ll) the principal subject of this applica G3 in The present invention relates to the pro tion. duction oi? alkah» earth metal permangam Three distinct methods for preparing: ba~ nates and especially the permanganates of rium (or strontium) manganate have been calcium and magnesium as these have beenv here investigated. The ?rst of? these meth found to be very ellicient oxidizing agents ods involves heating together barium perox 70 for certain purposes, more e?icient even. than ide, hydroxide, or a salt, such as the nitrate the permanganates of the allmliearth metals.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Practices in Chemistry Laboratories
    4/24/2012 Safety Practices in Chemistry Laboratory Sam Tung, HSE Specialist, CIH, RSO Health Safety and Environment Office, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Contents 1. Introduction to Legislations related to Chemistry Laboratories 2. Introduction to Chemical Hazards 3. Criteria of Design for Laboratory Ventilation 4. Operations and Maintenance of Laboratory Fume hood 5. Case Studies of Laboratory Accidents 6. Handling of Chemical Spills 7. Emergency Response Equipment 1 4/24/2012 Importance of Health and Safety To protect your health and safety (and environment) To protect your colleagues’ and students’ health and safety Case Study: Laboratory Fire Kills UCLA Researcher A 23-year-old research assistant working at UCLA who was seriously burned in a lab fire in December 2008 recently died from her injuries. She was trying to transfer up to 2 ounces (~50ml) of t-butyl lithium (pyrophoric chemical), which was dissolved in pentane from one sealed container to another by a 50 ml syringe. The barrel of the syringe was either ejected or pulled out of the syringe, causing liquid to be released. A flash fire set her clothing ablaze and spread second- and third-degree burns over 43% of her body. 2 4/24/2012 Root Causes of the Accident Poor technique and improper method Use a 50ml syringe to transfer~50 ml pyrophoric chemical Should use a 100ml syringe Should use Cannula Method for transfer of pyrophoric chemical > 50 ml Lack of proper training No safety training record Lack of supervision No follow up actions had been
    [Show full text]
  • Exactly As Received Mic 61-929 MERRYMAN, Earl L Ew Is. THE
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received Mic 61-929 MERRYMAN, Earl Lewis. THE ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE REACTION BETWEEN Mn AND MnO” . 4 The Ohio State University, Ph.D, 1960 Chemistry, physical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE REACTION BETTAIEEN Mn** AND ItaO ^ DISSERTATION Presented in P&rtial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio S tate U niversity By Earl Lewis Ferryman, B.Sc* The Ohio State University I960 Approved by Department oy Chenletry 1C mnriEDGiBiT The author wlshea to e:qpr«as his approoiation to Profoaaor Alfred B. Garrett for hie superrieion and enocur- agement during the oouree of this research* and for his sincere interest in mj eelfare both as an undergraduate and graduate student at Ohio State University. I also wish to thank the Ohio State University Cheidstry Depsurtnent for the Assistant ships granted me during the 1 9 5 6* 7 "^ aeademlo years. The author also gratefully acknowledges the Fellowships granted me by the American Cyansuald Company during the 1959*60 academic year and by the National Science Foundation during the Summer Q u a rte r of I960* i i TABI£ OP CONTEHTS PAOE INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 Àpplloationa of Radloaotirlty in Chomiatry 1 The Problem and Its H latory ....................................................... .. 1 The Problem Reeulting from Early Work 5 Statement of the Problem ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Electrochemical Control of Organic Reactions Involving Phase Transfer
    University College London Department of Chemistry Electrochemical Control of Organic Reactions Involving Phase Transfer by Camilla Forssten Ph.D. 2002 ProQuest Number: U643499 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U643499 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Phase transfer catalysis reactions are reactions where the reactants are soluble in different solvents. The phase transfer catalyst facilitates the transfer of a reactant from one phase to another, hence enabling the reaction. This can be explained electrochemically: By partitioning between the phases, the catalyst establishes a potential difference across the interface, which drives the transfer of reagent into the other phase (usually an inorganic anion is being transferred into the organic phase), or controls the reaction at the interface. A similar potential difference can also be applied with electrochemical instrumentation and the reactions can be investigated in electrochemical systems. Electrochemistry at ITIES (Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions) provides a fast, convenient and simple way of investigating the electrochemistry of a synthetic phase transfer reaction. The organic syntheses were also carried out to confirm the electrochemical results.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Properties of Simple and Complex Salts Of
    PhD Theses SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE AND COMPLEX SALTS OF PERMANGANIC ACID Kótai László Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences 2006 1 1. INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Widespread applicapibility and the increased quality requirements of permanganate salts require development of new synthetic methods. The transition metal permanganates are precursors of numerous catalytically active metal-manganese oxide composites. Therefore, the exact kowledge of their structure, reactivity and the thermal decomposition characteristics of permanganate compounds is essenial to plan the properties of the decomposition products. The main target of this work was the development of new synthetic methods to prepare simple and complex salts of permanganic acid, including the preparation and the study of ammonium permanganate and some ammine-complex permanganates of transition metals such as Ag, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn. 2. ANALYTICAL METHODS Classical inorganic analytical chemistry, IR and Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, ESR, XRD, GC-MS, single crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffractometry, TG-gas- titrimetry, TG-MS and DSC methods were used. 3. NEW RESULTS 3.1. SYNTHESES 3.1.1. Syntheses based on manganese heptoxide A method has been developed to prepare Ba, Mg, Ca, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu(II), Al, Fe(III), Y, Ce(IV), Sm, Pr and Gd-permanganates by means of the reaction of KMnO4 with sulfuric acid monohydrate, followed by extraction of the Mn2O7 with CCl4 and the reaction of the Mn2O7 in CCl4 with catalytic amount of water and the oxide, hydroxide and carbonate of the appropriate metal. 3.1.2. Syntheses based on the metathesis reaction of KMnO4 Reaction of warm saturated solutions of NH4Cl and potassium permangnate provided Kx(NH4)1-xMnO4 (x=0.2-0.4) solid solutions instead of NH4MnO4 as it has been declared previously.
    [Show full text]
  • CHM 4 Naming Compounds Extra Practice: Version C When You Are
    CHM 4 Naming Compounds Extra Practice: Version C When you are done, grade yourself using the answer key on the next page. To be well prepared for Exam #1, you should be scoring ≥85% on your naming practice. Converting from name to formula 1) What is the formula for sulfurous acid? A) H3SO3(aq) B) H2S(aq) C) H2SO3(aq) D) H3SO4(aq) E) H2SO4(aq) 2) What is the formula for rubidium arsenate? A) Rb2AsO4 B) Rb2AsO3 C) Rb3AsO3 D) Rb3AsO4 E) RbAsO3 3) What is the formula for aluminum sulfide? A) Al(SO3)2 B) Al(SO2)2 C) Al3S2 D) AlSO2 E) Al2S3 4) What is the formula for oxalic acid? A) H2C4O2 (aq) B) HC2H2O3 (aq) C) H2C2O4 (aq) D) HC2H3O2 (aq) E) HC2O4 (aq) 5) What is the formula for zinc borate? A) ZnBO4 B) Zn3(BO3)2 C) Zn(BO4)2 D) Zn3BO3 E) Zn2BO3 6) What is the formula for tin(II) chromate? A) SnCrO4 B) Sn2Cr2O7 C) SnCr2O4 D) Sn2CrO4 E) SnCr2O7 7) What is the formula for hydrobromic acid? A) H2BrO3 (aq) B) HBrO (aq) C) HBrO2 (aq) D) HBrO3 (aq) E) HBr (aq) 8) What is the formula for tetraphosphorous pentachloride? A) P3Cl6 B) P3(ClO)6 C) P4Cl5 D) P6(ClO)3 E) P3(ClO)5 9) What is the formula for barium dihydrogen phosphate? A) BaH2PO4 B) Ba2(HPO4)3 C) Ba(HPO3)2 D) Ba3(HPO3)2 E) Ba(H2PO4)2 10) What is the formula for potassium hydroxide? A) KOH B) K3O2 C) K3OH D) K2OH E) K2O2 Converting from formula to name 11) What is the name for LiHCO3? A) lithium carbonate B) lithium hydrogen carbonate C) lithium hydrocarbide D) lithium monohydrogen monocarbide E) lithium hydrocarbonic acid 12) What is the name for HIO(aq)? A) hydroiodic acid B) periodic acid
    [Show full text]
  • (III)-Catalysed Oxidation of Atenolol by Alkaline Permanganate (Sto
    J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 117, No. 1, January 2005, pp. 33–42. © Indian Academy of Sciences. Kinetic, mechanistic and spectral investigation of ruthenium (III)- catalysed oxidation of atenolol by alkaline permanganate (stopped-flow technique) RAHAMATALLA M MULLA, GURUBASAVARAJ C HIREMATH and SHARANAPPA T NANDIBEWOOR* PG Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India e-mail: [email protected] MS received 10 October 2003; revised 26 December 2003 Abstract. Kinetics of ruthenium (III) catalyzed oxidation of atenolol by permanganate in alkaline medium at constant ionic strength of 0×30 mol dm3 has been studied spectrophotometrically using a rapid kinetic accessory. Reaction between permanganate and atenolol in alkaline medium exhibits 1 : 8 stoichiometry (atenolol : KMnO4). The reaction shows first-order dependence on [permanganate] and [ruthenium (III)] and apparently less than unit order on both atenolol and alkali concentrations. Reaction rate decreases with increase in ionic strength and increases with decreasing dielectric constant of the medium. Initial addition of reaction products does not affect the rate significantly. A mechanism involving the formation of a complex between catalyst and substrate has been proposed. The active species of ruthenium (III) is 2+ understood as [Ru(H2O)5OH] . The reaction constants involved in the different steps of mechanism are calculated. Activation parameters with respect to the slow step of the mechanism are computed and dis- cussed and thermodynamic quantities are also calculated. Keywords. Kinetics; permanganate; stopped-flow technique; oxidation of atenolol; ruthenium(III) catalysis. 1. Introduction (scheme 1) and one in which a hypomanganate is formed in a two-electron step followed by rapid re- Permanganates ions oxidize a greater variety of sub- action12 (scheme 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Description for Ground and Air Hazardous
    BASIC DESCRIPTION FOR GROUND AND AIR GROUND AND AIR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SHIPMENTS GROUND SHIPMENTS AIR SHIPMENTS SHIPMENTS HAZARD DOT DOT CLASS OR MAXIMUM EXEMPTION, GROUND EXEMPTION, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DESCRIPTIONS DIVISION I.D. NUMBER LABEL(S) REQUIRED OR QUANTITY PER SPECIAL SERVICE TO LABEL(S) REQUIRED OR MAXIMUM NET CARGO SPECIAL NON-BULK AND PROPER SHIPPING NAME (Subsidiary if (ALSO MARK PACKING EXEMPTION, SPECIAL PERMIT INNER PERMIT CANADA EXEMPTION, SPECIAL PERMIT QUANTITY PER AIRCRAFT PERMIT SPECIAL EXCEPTIONS PACKAGING (ALSO MARK ON PACKAGE) applicable) ON PACKAGE) GROUP OR EXCEPTION RECEPTACLE OR 173.13 PERMITTED OR EXCEPTION PACKAGE** QUANTITY OR 173.13 PROVISIONS §173.*** §173.*** (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Accellerene, see p-Nitrosodimethylaniline Accumulators, electric, see Batteries, wet etc Accumulators, pressurized, pneumatic or hydraulic (containing non-flammable gas), see Articles pressurized, pneumatic or hydraulic (containing non-flammable gas) FLAMMABLE FLAMMABLE Acetal 3 UN1088 II LIQUID * YES LIQUID * 5 L 150 202 FLAMMABLE Acetaldehyde 3 UN1089 I LIQUID YES Forbidden None 201 May not be regulated when shipped via UPS Acetaldehyde ammonia 9 UN1841 III ground YES CLASS 9 * 30 kg 30 kg 155 204 FLAMMABLE FLAMMABLE Acetaldehyde oxime 3 UN2332 III LIQUID * YES LIQUID * 25 L 150 203 CORROSIVE, CORROSIVE, Acetic acid, glacial or Acetic acid solution, FLAMMABLE FLAMMABLE A3, A6, with more than 80 percent acid, by mass 8 (3) UN2789 II LIQUID * YES LIQUID * 1 L A7, A10 154 202 Acetic
    [Show full text]
  • The True Formula
    ON THE TRUE FORMULA FOR PERMANGANATES. DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITT7 ' OF VIRGINIA. In application fir the Degree of Dadar of 'Pflilawplzj'. BY CHARLES M. B‘RADBURY, 0F VIRGINIA. THESIS —Permanga;zz}: acid is moiwéaszc, and the per-:V _ mangamztes are represented 6}! the generalfbmwla R (Mn 04 p. -' : . ; V To His Fat/tor, 31m ‘18. granary, (35511. 77:13 Paper is Inscribed IN TOKEN OF AFFECTION, BY film 9mm, Preface. The greater part of the following paper was written nearly a year ago. As it was nearing completion, I found, from an allusion in .an article by M. Raoult, of Paris, (see Bzzlleiz'n dc Soc. C/u'm. de Paris, XLVI, p. 805), that my conclusion as to the true formula for permanganates had been reached already by that eminent chemist, by means of a new method, origi- nated by himself, for determining molecular weights. Upon examining M. Raoult‘s original papem‘fHéWIz—Iifilc C/zz'm. ct dc Ply/5., (6), VIII, July, 1886, p. 3 30, however, it was found that nothing was given concerning permanganates, beyond the simple statement that they were shown by the method to be monobasic. T Dr. Victor Meyer and Dr. Auwers, of Gottingen, have recently extended and simplified the method of M. Raoult, (see Berk/zit a’n’ Dads. Chem. 656115., for February 27 and March 12, 1888), and I am therefore enabled to add materially to the evidence already collected in the dissertation, by a con- vincing application of this method. ‘ Had the detailed results of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of the Ruthenium(III) Catalysed Oxidative Decarboxylation of L-Proline by Alkaline Heptavalent Manganese (Stopped Flow Technique)
    CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 91 -100, January 2005 Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of the Ruthenium(III) Catalysed Oxidative Decarboxylation of L-Proline by Alkaline Heptavalent Manganese (Stopped flow technique) R.S.SHETTAR, M.I.HIREMATH and S.T. NANDIBEWOOR* P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, India. Received 7 October 2004; Accepted 14 December 2004 Abstract The kinetics of ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of L-Proline by permanganate in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength has been studied spectrophotometrically using a rapid kinetic accessory. The reaction between permanganate and L-Proline in alkaline medium exhibits 2:1 stoichiometry (KMnO4: L-Proline). The reaction shows first order dependence on [permanganate] and [ruthenium(III)] and apparent less than unit order dependence each in L-Proline and alkali concentrations. Reaction rate increases with increase in ionic strength and decrease in solvent polarity of the medium. Initial addition of reaction products did not affect the rate significantly. A mechanism involving the formation of a complex between catalyst and substrate has been proposed. The activation parameters were computed with respect to the slow step of the mechanism and discussed. Key words: Kinetics; Potassium permanganate Ruthenium; Oxidation; L-proline Introduction Potassium permanganate is widely used as an oxidising agent in synthetic as well as in analytical chemistry and also as a disinfectant. The reactions with permanganate are governed by pH of the medium. Among six oxidation states of manganese from 2+ to 7+, permanganate, Mn(VII) is the most potent oxidation state in acid as well as in alkaline medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Office
    Patented May 2, 1939 2,156,727 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,156,72 BLUE PIGMENT COLORS AND A PROCESS OF PREPARNG THEV Erich Korinth, Frankfort-on-the-Main-Hochst, and Georg Medler, Murasier, Germany, assign ors to H. G. Faroenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany No Drawing. Application August 31, 1934, Se ria No. 42,346. in Germany September 13, 933 Clains. (C. 134-58) The present invention relates to blue pigment fate to run into an aqueous suspension of barium colors prepared from barium Sulfate and to a carbonate which simultaneously contains the proceSS of preparing them. Salts of manganese in a dissolved condition. The We have found that a new kind of stable blue precipitate then contains a sufficient quantity of s pigment colors can be prepared in an economical manganese compounds, so that in the Subsequent nanner from barium Sulfate With the aid of man heating process the desired blue color may be ganese. COnpounds. These pigment colors fulfil obtained. It is particularly advantageous fur the highest requirements. thermore to add a Substance having a basic ac The characteristic feature of the new proceSS tion, for instance barium carbonate and to carry O consists in heating barium Sulfate together With Out the process in an oxidizing melt; the blue O manganese compounds So as to obtain a thermic pigment thus produced has a particularly deep reaction, under Such conditions as lead to the color. production of the MnO4 group or counteract itS The barium sulfate may also be produced only decomposition. This can be attained, in a man during the heating process, for instance from 5 ner in itself known, by carrying out the heating barium carbonate or barium nitrate and sodium 5 process in the presence of basic Substances and Sulfate.
    [Show full text]