Bacitracin B:0050 Medical Surveillance: Evaluation by a Qualified Allergist

Home , Barium azide, Barium chlorate, Barium perchlorate, Barium permanganate, Strontium hydride

Bacitracin B:0050 Medical Surveillance: Evaluation by a qualified allergist. Kidney function tests. First Aid: In case of large-scale exposure, the directions for Molecular Formula: C H N O S 66 103 17 16 medicines (nonspecific, n.o.s.) would be applied as follows: Synonyms: Ayfivin; Baciguent; Baci-Jel; Baciliquin; Move victim to fresh air; call emergency medical care. If Bacitek ointment; Fortracin; Parentracin; Penitracin; not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is diffi- Topitracin; Zutracin cult, give oxygen. In case of contact with material, immedi- CAS Registry Number: 1405-87-4 ® ately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least RTECS Number: CP0175000 15 min. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme UN/NA & ERG Number: UN3249 (medicine, solid, toxic, importance. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and n.o.s.)/151 shoes at the site. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal EC Number: 215-786-2 body temperature. Effects may be delayed; keep victim Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies under observation. Listed on the TSCA inventory. Storage: Color Code—Green: General storage may be used. List of Acutely Toxic Chemicals, Chemical Emergency Shipping: The DOT category of medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s. Preparedness Program (EPA) and formerly on CERCLA/ calls for the label of “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” SARA 40CFR302, Table 302.4 Extremely Hazardous Bacitracin would fall in Hazard Class 6.1 and in Packing Substances List. Dropped from listing in 1988. Group III. Listed on Canada’s DSL List. Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup Description: Bacitracin is a white to light tan powder is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered which is odorless or having a slight odor and very bitter material in the most convenient and safe manner and taste. Molecular weight 5 1422.69; Freezing/Melting point: deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak 221224 C. Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704 M after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain Rating System): Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If mate- Highly soluble in water. rial or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- Potential Exposure: Bacitracin is used as an ingredient in stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact antibiotic ointments to treat or prevent topical or eye infec- your local or federal environmental protection agency for tions. Commercial Bacitracin is a mixture of at least 9 baci- specific recommendations. If employees are required to tracins. Also used as a feed and drinking water additive in clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. animals; as an additive in food for human consumption. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. Incompatibilities: Oxidizers, such as peroxides, perchlo- Fire Extinguishing: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, rates, chlorates, nitrates, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine. water spray, or polymer foam extinguishers. Poisonous Permissible Exposure Limits in Air gases are produced in fire, including carbon monoxide, No standards or TEEL available. nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Small fires: dry chemical, Routes of Entry: Through the skin, inhalation. carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water Harmful Effects and Symptoms spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you LD 5 (oral-mouse) 25 mg/kg (highly toxic). This data has 50 can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. been questioned, however, and it has been stated that as a Save fire control water for later disposal, do not scatter the result of a mathematical miscalculation, bacitracin was material. If material or contaminated runoff enters water- wrongly included in a list of hazardous chemicals drafted ways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated several years ago by the National Institute of Occupational waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution Safety and Health. The mistake was remedied in 1988 when control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, the substance was removed from the EHS list as noted use water spray to cool exposed containers. If employees are above. expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in Short Term Exposure: Bacitracin can be absorbed through OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recommended for the skin, thereby increasing exposure. May cause eye irrita- firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that tion. Hypersensitivity reactions may result from application have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand of this compound to the skin but this is uncommon. or other positive-pressure mode. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. References Long Term Exposure: May cause liver damage and skin US Environmental Protection Agency. (October 31, 1985). allergy. Chemical Hazard Information Profile: Bacitracin. Points of Attack: Liver, skin.

Washington, DC: Chemical Emergency Preparedness pigment in paints), chlorine, sodium hydroxide, valves, and Program green flares; in synthetic rubber vulcanization; X-ray diagnos- New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. tic work, glassmaking, papermaking, beet-sugar purification; (March, 1999). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: animal and vegetable oil refining. They are used in the brick Bacitracin. Trenton, NJ and tile, pyrotechnics, and electronics industries. They are found in lubricants, pesticides, glazes, textile dyes, and finishes; pharmaceuticals; in cements which will be exposed to saltwater; and barium is used as a rodenticide, a flux for Barium B:0100 magnesium alloys, a stabilizer and mold lubricant in the rubber and plastics industries, an extender in paints; a loader for Molecular Formula: Ba paper, soap, rubber, and linoleum; and as a fire extinguisher Synonyms: Bario (Spanish); Barium, elemental; Barium for uranium or plutonium fires. metal Incompatibilities: Barium powder may spontaneously ignite CAS Registry Number: 7440-39-3 on contact with air. It is a strong reducing agent and reacts RTECS® Number: CQ8370000 violently with oxidizers and acids. Reacts with water, form- UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1400/138; UN1854 (alloys, ing combustible hydrogen gas and barium hydroxide. pyrophoric)/135 Reacts violently with halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, EC Number: 231-149-1 causing a fire and explosion hazard. Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies Permissible Exposure Limits in Air Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. Exposure Limits in Air” section. NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. Water Pollution Standards Set (EPA)[49] (former USSR- ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as UNEP/IRPTC project)[43] (Several States)[61] (Canada) a human carcinogen. (Mexico). NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. US EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA No.): D005. Protective Action Criteria (PAC) RCRA Toxicity Characteristic (Section 261.24), Maximum TEEL-0: 0.5 mg/m3 Concentration of Contaminants, regulatory level, 100.0 mg/L. PAC-1: 1.5 mg/m3 RCRA, 40CFR261, Appendix 8 Hazardous Constituents, PAC-2: 50 mg/m3 waste number not listed. PAC-3: 50 mg/m3 RCRA Maximum Concentration Limit for Ground Water Soluble compounds only Protection (40CFR264.94), 1.0 mg/L. DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak RCRA 40CFR268.48; 61FR15654, Universal Treatment limitation II(2); Pregnancy Risk Group D. Standards: Wastewater (mg/L), 1.2; Nonwastewater (mg/L), Australia: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Austria: MAK 0.5 mg/m3, 7.6 TCLP. 1993; Belgium: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Denmark: TWA RCRA 40CFR264, Appendix 9; TSD Facilities Ground 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Finland: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Hungary Water Monitoring List, Suggested methods (PQL μg/L): STEL 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; the Netherlands: MAC-TGG 0.5 mg/ 6010 (20); 7080 (1000). m3, 2003; the Philippines: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Poland: Safe Drinking Water Act: MCL, 2 mg/L; MCLG, 2 mg/L; MAC (time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m3; MAC (STEL) Regulated chemical (47FR9352). 1.5 mg/m3, 1999; Sweden: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; EPCRA Section 313 Form R de minimis concentration Switzerland: MAK-week 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Turkey: TWA reporting level: 1.0%. 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; United Kingdom: LTEL 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Canada MAC for drinking water quality: 1.0 mg/L. Argentina, Bulgaria, Columbia, Jordan, South Korea, New Mexico, Drinking Water 1.0 mg/L. Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam: ACGIH TLV®: not classifiable WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. as a human carcinogen. Several states have set guidelines or Description: Barium is a flammable, silver white or yellow- standards for barium in ambient air[60] ranging from ish metal in various forms including powder. Barium may 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North ignite spontaneously in air in the presence of moisture, Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) evolving hydrogen. Molecular weight 5 137.34; Boiling to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). point 5 1640C; Freezing/Melting point 5 725C; Vapor Determination in Air: Use NIOSH Analytical Methods (IV) pressure 5 10 mmHg at 1049C. Hazard Identification #7056, Barium, soluble compounds. Collection on a cellulose (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2, membrane filter, workup with hot water, analysis by atomic Flammability 4, Reactivity 3 (water reactive). absorption. Use NIOSH Analytical Method #8310, Metals in Potential Exposure: Metallic barium is used for removal of urine. OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD ID-121. residual gas in vacuum tubes and in alloys with nickel, lead, Permissible Concentration in Water: EPA allows 2 ppm. calcium, magnesium, sodium, and lithium. Barium com- See Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies for pounds are used in the manufacture of lithopone (a white Canadian and Mexican levels. Russia[43] set a MAC of Barium 307

4.0 mg/L in water bodies used for domestic purposes. solution of 13% soluble sulfates of magnesium sulfate Also, these states have set standards for barium in drinking or sodium sulfate administered orally as a gastric lavage water[61]: a standard of 100 μg/L in Massachusetts and (forms insoluble barium sulfate). Atropine sulfate, guidelines of 1000 μg/L in Maine and 1500 μg/L in 0.51.0 mg, to decrease colic. Small doses of morphine Minnesota. may be necessary to control abdominal pain. If low potas- Determination in Water: Conventional flame atomization sium (hypokalemia) is present, treat with IV of potassium. does not have sufficient sensitivity to determine barium in Personal Protective Methods: Employees should receive most water samples; however, a barium detection limit of instruction in personal hygiene and the importance of not 10 μg/L can be achieved if a nitrous oxide flame is used. A eating in work areas. Good housekeeping and adequate concentration procedure for barium uses thenoyltrifluoro- ventilation are essential. Dust masks, respirators, or goggles acetonemethylisobutylketone extraction at a pH of 6.8. may be needed where amounts of significant soluble or alka- With a tantalum liner insert, the barium detection limit of line forms are encountered, as well as protective clothing. the flameless atomic absorption procedure can be improved Respirator Selection: 5 mg/m3: 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any par- to 0.1 μg/L according to NAS/NRC.[46] ticulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter Routes of Entry: Ingestion or inhalation of dust or fume, (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering face-pieces) except skin and/or eye contact. quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be Harmful Effects and Symptoms used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) Short Term Exposure: Alkaline barium compounds, such (any supplied-air respirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) as the hydroxide and carbonate, may cause local irritation (any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow to the eyes, nose, throat, and skin. Exposure to either form mode) or PaprHie (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: which can cause heart disorders. 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator Long Term Exposure: Barium poisoning is virtually with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) unknown in industry although the potential exists when the (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece soluble forms are used. When ingested or given orally, the and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie soluble, ionized barium compounds exert a profound effect (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a on all muscles and especially smooth muscles, markedly tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- increasing their contractility. The heart rate is slowed and ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing may stop in systole. Other effects are increased intestinal apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any sup- peristalsis; vascular constriction; bladder contraction, and plied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: increased voluntary muscle tension. The inhalation of the Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a dust of barium sulfate may lead to deposition in the lungs in full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other sufficient quantities to produce “baritosis” (a benign pneu- positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry into moconiosis). This produces a radiologic picture in the unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd,Pp absence of symptoms and abnormal physical signs. X-rays, (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing apparatus that however, will show disseminated nodular opacities through- has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand out the lung fields, which are discrete, but sometimes over- or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA lap. Animal studies have found increased blood pressure and (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a full changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other pos- Points of Attack: Heart, lungs, central nervous system, itive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary, self- skin, respiratory system, eyes. contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the or other positive-pressure mode). Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, examination. R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE (any appropriate escape- First Aid: If a soluble barium compound gets into the eyes, type, self-contained breathing apparatus). remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately. Storage: Color Code—Yellow Stripe (strong reducing If a soluble barium compound contacts the skin, flush with agent): Reactivity Hazard; Store separately in an area iso- water immediately. If a person breathes in large amounts of lated from flammables, combustibles, or other yellow coded a soluble barium compound, move the exposed person to materials. Barium metal should be stored in a dry area, sep- fresh air at once and perform artificial respiration. When a arated from halogenated solvents, strong oxidants, acids, in soluble barium compound has been swallowed, get medical tightly-closed containers under an inert gas blanket, petro- attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomit- leum, or oxygen-free liquid. Rubber gloves, rubber protec- ing. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. tive clothing and apron, goggles and gas-filter mask should Note to physician (poisoning from barium compounds): be worn when working in a barium storage area. If ingested, there are treatment considerations available Shipping: Barium metal requires a shipping label of including the following: Gastric emptying, a warm aqueous “DANGEROUS WHEN WET.” The metal falls in 308 Barium azide

UN/DOT shipping class 4.3 and Packing Group II.[19, 20] It should be noted that “Barium Alloys” have the same Barium azide B:0110 caveats but “Barium Alloys, Pyrophoric” require a “SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE” label. They fall in Molecular Formula: BaN6 Hazard Class 4.2. Common Formula: Ba(N3)2 Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing Synonyms: Azida de bario (Spanish) protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup CAS Registry Number: 18810-58-7 ® is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Small quantities RTECS Number: CQ8500000 (dry); CQ8510000 (wet) of barium metal may be dissolved in large quantities of UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1571 (dry or wetted with water. Soda ash is added and the solution then neutralized ,50% water, by mass)/113 with HCl. Collect powdered material in the most convenient EC Number: 242-594-6 and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. It may be Department of Homeland Security Screening Threshold necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a haz- Quantity (pounds): Release hazard 5000 (commercial ardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters grade); Theft hazard 400 (commercial grade). Explosive waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contami- Substance (World Bank).[15] nated waters. Contact your local or federal environmental Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible protection agency for specific recommendations. If employ- Exposure Limits in Air” section. ees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be Constituents. applicable. EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical Fire Extinguishing: Barium powder is a flammable solid. substance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents, such as infrastructure. This category does not include barium sulfate water, bicarbonate, powder, foam, and carbon dioxide. Use (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam level: 0.1%. extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire. If US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify Appendix B). downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams Description: Barium azide is a flammable, crystalline solid are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and which can be used or transported in solution. Molecular pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), weight 5 221.4; Boiling point 5 explodes; Freezing/Melting withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees point 5 120C (decomposes, losing nitrogen). Highly soluble are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and in water. equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recom- Potential Exposure: Barium azide is used in high mended for firefighting are self-contained breathing appa- explosives. ratuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a Incompatibilities: Carbon disulfide. It can explode when pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. heated or shocked. Disposal Method Suggested: Barium in solution (see spill Permissible Exposure Limits in Air ® handling) may be precipitated with soda ash and the sludge ACGIH TLV [1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as may be landfilled. a human carcinogen. References OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. US Environmental Protection Agency. (May 1977). NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. Toxicology of Metals, Vol. 2: Barium, Report EPA-600/1- DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak 77-022. Research Triangle Park, NC, pp. 7184 limitation II(2). US Environmental Protection Agency. (April 30, 1980). NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. Barium: Health and Environmental Effects Profile No. 13. No TEEL available. Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in Sax, N. I. (Ed.). Dangerous Properties of Industrial ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) Materials Report, 1, No. 7, 3540 (1981) and 3, No. 4, to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 2930 (1983) (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. (Nevada). (January, 1996). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium. Determination in Air: No criteria set for barium azide. See Trenton, NJ entry under “Barium.” Barium azide 309

Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter). barium azide. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See entry 25 mg/m3: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face- under “Barium.” piece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin and/or eyes. Cf (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight- Harmful Effects and Symptoms fitting face-piece and is operated in a continuous-flow Short Term Exposure: Barium azide irritates the eyes, mode) or PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying nose, and respiratory tract; with coughing. Overexposure respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece and a high- can cause a drop in blood pressure, with dizziness; blurred efficiency particulate filter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any vision; headaches; and unconsciousness. Exposure to either self-contained breathing apparatus with a full face-piece) or form can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, SaF (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respirator with a full which can cause heart disorders. face-piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any Long Term Exposure: Repeated exposure to the dust can supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is oper- cause spots on chest X-ray without lung scarring. Animal ated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). studies have found increased blood pressure and changes in Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any Points of Attack: Lungs. self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic exam- pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) ination. Consider chest X-ray following acute overexposure. (any supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least mode in combination with an auxiliary, self-contained 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medi- breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other cal attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, positive-pressure mode). Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this P100 filter) or SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self- chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin res- contained breathing apparatus). cue breathing (using universal precautions, including resusci- Storage: Color Code—Red Stripe: Flammability Hazard: tation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action Do not store in the same area as other flammable materials. has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When Barium azide must be stored to avoid contact with carbon this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. disulfide since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area from any- make an unconscious person vomit. If weakness or fainting thing which could disturb or shock barium azide. Sources is present, lay the person down flat with feet elevated. See of ignition, such as smoking and open flames are prohibited also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. where barium azide is handled, used, or stored. Keeping Personal Protective Methods: Wear protective gloves and barium azide wet greatly reduces its fire and explosion haz- clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin con- ard. Wherever barium azide is used, handled, manufactured, tact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing fittings. material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, Shipping: Barium azide wetted with not ,50% water, by gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each mass, requires a shipping label of “FLAMMABLE SOLID, day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” It falls in Hazard worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash- (for Class 4.1 and Packing Group I.[19, 20] Barium azide dry liquid) or dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless or wetted with ,50% water, by mass must be labeled full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees “EXPLOSIVE, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” It should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or con- falls in Hazard Class 1.1A and Packing Group II.[19, 20] taminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing Respirator Selection: (as soluble barium compounds) protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup 5 mg/m3: 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Absorb liquids in equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and R95, and P95 filtering face-pieces) except quarter-mask deposit in sealed containers. Collect powdered material in respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed R99, P99, N100, R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any sup- containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is plied-air respirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode) chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated or PaprHie (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of 310 Barium bromate potentially contaminated waters. Contact your local or fed- US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, eral environmental protection agency for specific recom- Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). mendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. 1910.120(q) may be applicable. WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. Fire Extinguishing: Barium azide will explode when Description: Barium bromate is a white crystalline powder. heated or when shocked. If fire or explosion occurs, evacu- Molecular weight 5 411.2; Boiling point: explodes at ate the area. Fight the fire from an explosion-resistant loca- 300C; Freezing/Melting point 5 260C (decomposes). tion as containers may explode in fire. Use dry chemical, Slightly soluble in water. carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Potential Exposure: This material is used as an analytical Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including nitrogen reagent, oxidizer, and corrosion inhibitor. oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer; keep away from notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. reducing agents. Keep away from oxidizable materials; alu- Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control minum, arsenic, carbon, copper, metal sulfides; phosphorus, agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use sulfur, organic, and combustible materials (such as wood, water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams paper, oil, fuels) since violent reactions occur. are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and Permissible Exposure Limits in Air pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees a human carcinogen. are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recom- NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. mended for firefighting are self-contained breathing appara- DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak tuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a limitation II(2). pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. Reference No TEEL available. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in (June 2005). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) Azide. Trenton, NJ to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). Barium bromate B:0120 Determination in Air: See entry under “Barium.” Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for Molecular Formula: BaBr2O6 barium bromate per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See Common Formula: Ba(BrO3)2 entry under “Barium.” Synonyms: Bromato barico (Spanish); Bromic acid, barium Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin and eye contact. salt Harmful Effects and Symptoms CAS Registry Number: 13967-90-3 Short Term Exposure: Barium bromate can affect you RTECS® Number: EF8715000 when breathed in. Contact can irritate and even burn the UN/NA & ERG Number: UN2719/141 eyes and skin. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the EC Number: 237-750-5 nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm. Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies Exposure to either form can affect the nervous system and Carcinogenicity: EPA: Likely to produce cancer in humans cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart disorders. (inhalation, as bromates); Available data are inadequate for Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, barium an assessment of human carcinogenic potential (oral route, may show up as spots on chest X-ray. Some barium chemi- as bromates); Limited evidence of carcinogenicity based on cals are contaminated with silica, which scars the lungs. epidemiologic studies. Repeated exposure to Barium bromate can cause bromine Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible to build up in the body. Consult the sheet on “Bromine” Exposure Limits in Air” section. entry. Animal studies have found increased blood pressure RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous and changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a long Constituents. time. Repeated skin contact can cause chronic dryness and EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- cracking. stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- Points of Attack: Lungs, skin. structure. This category does not include barium sulfate Medical Surveillance: Serum bromide levels. Consideration (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting should be given to the skin, eye, heart, and lung in any place- level: 0.1%. ment or periodic examination. Barium bromate 311

First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator that contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med- or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an ical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face- this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, piece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ- SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if breathing apparatus). heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi- location separate from other materials, especially flammables cal attention. Give large quantities of water and induce and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. See well-ventilated area. Sources of ignition, such as smoking also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. and open flames, are prohibited where barium bromate is Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose handled, used, or stored. Avoid any possible contact with operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of incompatible materials. See OSHA Standard 1910.104 and chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is NFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective Oxidizers for detailed handling and storage regulations. gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of Shipping: Barium bromate requires a shipping label of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” This provide recommendations on the most protective glove/ material falls in Hazard Class 5.1 and Packing Group II.[19, 20] clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, avail- protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup able each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear material in the most convenient and safe manner and dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contami- and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If mate- nated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. rial or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- Respirator Selection: 5mg/m3: 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 your local or federal environmental protection agency for filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering face-pieces) specific recommendations. If employees are required to except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100] or Sa OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa: Fire Extinguishing: Barium bromate explodes at Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator operated in a 275300C. Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie (APF 5 25) (any of surrounding fire. Barium bromate itself does not burn. powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including bromine. If particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece and is operated agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting face- are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and piece and a high-efficiency particulate filter) or SCBAF pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing apparatus with a withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respi- are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and rator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: Pd,Pp equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recom- (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a full mended for firefighting are self-contained breathing appara- face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other tuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry into pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd, Reference Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing apparatus New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- (June 2005). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: Bromate. Trenton, NJ 312 Barium chlorate

NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. Barium chlorate B:0130 No TEEL available. Australia: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Austria: MAK 0.5 mg/ 3 3 Molecular Formula: BaCl2O6 m , 1993; Belgium: TWA 0.5 mg/m , 1993; Denmark: 3 3 Common Formula: Ba(ClO3)2 TWA 0.5 mg/m , 1999; Finland: TWA 0.5 mg/m , 1999; Synonyms: Barium chlorate (monohydrate); Chloric acid, Hungary STEL 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; the Netherlands: MAC- barium salt; Clorato barico (Spanish) TGG 0.5 mg/m3, 2003; the Philippines: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, CAS Registry Number: 13477-00-4 (monohydrate); 10326- 1993; Poland: MAC (time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m3; 27-7 (dihydrate) MAC (STEL) 1.5 mg/m3, 1999; Sweden: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, ® RTECS Number: FN9770000; CQ 8751000 (dihydrate) 1999; Switzerland: MAK-week 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Turkey: UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1445 TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; United Kingdom: LTEL 0.5 mg/ EC Number: 236-760-7 [Annex I Index No.: 017-003-00-8] m3, 1993; Argentina, Bulgaria, Columbia, Jordan, South (monohydrate); dihydrate not found. Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam: ACGIH TLV®: Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies not classifiable as a human carcinogen. Several states have Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible set guidelines or standards for barium in ambient air[60] Exposure Limits in Air” section. ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 Constituents. (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- Determination in Air: See entry for “Barium.” stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for structure. This category does not include barium sulfate barium chlorate per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting entry for “Barium.” level: 0.1%. Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, eye and/or skin US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, contact. Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). Harmful Effects and Symptoms Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration Short Term Exposure: Contact may burn the eyes and skin. 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat, and European/International Regulations (monohydrate): Hazard bronchial tubes. Higher exposures can damage red blood Symbol: O, Xn, N; Risk phrases: R9; R20/22; R51/53; cells. Symptoms include headache, weakness, abdominal Safety phrases: S2; S13; S27; S61; European/International pain, dark urine, and jaundice. The symptoms of paralysis Regulations (dihydrate): not listed in Annex 1. may be delayed for several hours. Exposure to either form WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 2—Hazard to waters. can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, Description: Barium chlorate is a combustible, colorless to which can cause heart disorders. white crystalline solid or powder. Molecular Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, barium weight 5 304.24; 244.3 (dihydrate); Freezing/Melting may show up as spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some point 5 monohydrate decomposes below 250C; dihydrate barium chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars at 120C (loss of water of crystallization). Hazard the lungs. See entry for “Silica quartz.” Chlorates can dam- Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): age red blood cells, leading to kidney damage, or cause Health 2, Flammability 0, Reactivity 1, Oxidizer. Soluble in methemoglobin to form in the blood, reducing oxygen sup- water; solubility 5 27 g/100 mL. ply to body organs. Animal studies have found increased Potential Exposure: It is used in fireworks and explosives blood pressure and changes in the heart from ingesting bar- manufacture; in textile dyeing and in the manufacture of ium over a long time. Repeated skin contact can cause other perchlorates. chronic dryness and skin cracking. Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. When heated above Points of Attack: Lungs, blood cells, skin. 250C, it begins to give off oxygen and will increase risk of Medical Surveillance: Lung function tests, complete blood fire. Barium chlorate is a reactive chemical and is an explo- count (CBC), test for methemoglobin. Consideration should sion hazard. Violent reaction may occur with reducing be given to the skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement materials, strong acids, powdered metals. Contact with or periodic examination. combustible materials will increase activity in fire. First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any Permissible Exposure Limits in Air contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least ® ACGIH TLV [1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medi- a human carcinogen. cal attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin res- limitation II(2). cue breathing (using universal precautions, including Barium chlorate 313 resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. location separate from other materials, especially flam- When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical atten- mables and combustibles. Barium chlorate must be stored tion. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do to avoid contact with organic or combustible materials not make an unconscious person vomit. The symptoms of (such as wood, paper, oil, fuels, and starch) and other easily paralysis do not become obvious until some hours have oxidizable materials (such as sulfur, aluminum, copper, passed. Keep under medical observation for 2448 h. See metal sulfides, ammonium salts, etc.) since violent reactions also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. occur. Store in tightly closed containers on nonwood floors Note to physician: Treat for methemoglobinemia. in a cool, well-ventilated area. Wherever barium chlorate is Spectrophotometry may be required for precise determina- used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof tion of levels of methemoglobinemia in urine. electrical equipment and fittings. See OSHA Standard Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Liquid operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of and Solid Oxidizers for detailed handling and storage chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is regulations. not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective work Shipping: This chemical requires a shipping label of clothing. Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” The barium chlorate. Post hazard and warning information in Hazard Class is 5.1 and the Packing Group is II.[19, 20] the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing and training effort, communicate all information on the protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup health and safety hazards of barium chlorate to potentially is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Absorb liquids in exposed workers. vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar nonorganic mate- Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: rial and deposit in sealed containers. May also be covered 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with with weak reducing agents; resulting sludge neutralized and an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 flushed to sewer. Collect powdered material in the most filtering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed contain- following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, ers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. N100, R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air res- It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical pirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with contaminated waters. Contact your local or federal environ- a high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F mental protection agency for specific recommendations. If (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator employees are required to clean up spills, they must be with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece applicable. and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie Fire Extinguishing: May explode when heated. Contact (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a with combustible, organic, or other easily oxidizable tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- materials, such as paper, oil, fuels or sawdust can cause ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing fires. Rubbing of these mixtures can cause explosions. apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any Use water to extinguish the fire. Poisonous gases are pro- supplied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: duced in fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that waterways, notify downstream users of potentially con- has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand taminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials or other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion- entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: proof location, use water spray to cool exposed contain- SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breath- ers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound ing apparatus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination The only respirators recommended for firefighting are with an auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus oper- self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face- ated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece positive-pressure mode. respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE Disposal Method Suggested: Use large volumes of reducing (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing agent (bisulfite or ferrous salt) solutions. Neutralize and apparatus). flush to sewer with large volumes of water.[24] 314 Barium cyanide

Reference (exothermic) 526.19 3 105 J/kg. Hazard Identification New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3, (August 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Soluble in water; Chlorate. Trenton, NJ solubility 5 80 g/100 cc at 14C. Potential Exposure: Barium cyanide is used in electroplat- ing and in metallurgy. Incompatibilities: Violent reactions may occur on contact with acids, acid salts, and strong oxidizers. Barium cyanide B:0140 Permissible Exposure Limits in Air ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as Molecular Formula: BaC2N2 a human carcinogen. 3 Common Formula: Ba(CN)2 OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m TWA. Synonyms: Barium cyanide, solid; Barium dicyanide; NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. Cianuro barico (Spanish) NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg [Ba]/m3. CAS Registry Number: 542-62-1 Protective Action Criteria (PAC) ® RTECS Number: CQ8785000 TEEL-0: 0.69 mg/m3 UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1565/157 PAC-1: 2.07 mg/m3 EC Number: 208-822-3 PAC-2: 3.5 mg/m3 Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies PAC-3: 69 mg/m3 Clean Water Act: Section 311 Hazardous Substances/RQ DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak 40CFR117.3 (same as CERCLA, see below); Section 313 limitation II(2). Water Priority Chemicals (57FR41331, 9/9/92). Australia: TWA 5 mg/m3, [skin], 1993; Austria: MAK 5 mg US EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA No.): P013. [CN/m3, [skin], 1999; Denmark: TWA 5 mg/m3, [skin], RCRA, 40CFR261, Appendix 8 Hazardous Constituents. 1999; France: VME 5 mg[CN]/m3, [skin], 1999; Poland: Reportable Quantity (RQ): 10 lb (4.54 kg). TWA 0.3 mg[CN]/m3, ceiling 10 mg[CN]/m3, 1999; RCRA Land Ban Waste Restrictions. Switzerland: MAK-W 5 mg/m3, KZG-W 10 mg/m3, [skin], EPCRA Section 313: as barium compounds; Form R de 1999; United Kingdom: TWA 5 mg[CN]/m3, [skin], 2000; minimis concentration reporting level: 0.1%. Argentina, Bulgaria, Columbia, Jordan, South Korea, New US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam: ACGIH TLV®: Ceiling Appendix B) as cyanide compounds. Concentration 5 mg/m3 [skin]. Several states have set Clean Air Act: Hazardous Air Pollutants (Title I, Part A, guidelines or standards for barium in ambient air[60] ranging Section 112). from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and Clean Water Act: 40CFR423, Appendix A, Priority North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 Pollutants as cyanide, total. (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). US EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA No.): P030 as Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for cyanides, soluble salts and complexes, n.o.s. barium cyanide per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See RCRA, 40CFR261, Appendix 8 Hazardous Constituents. as entry under “Barium.” See also entry under “Cyanides.” cyanides, soluble salts and complexes, n.o.s. Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, eye and/or skin con- 2 1 EPCRA (Section 313): X 1 CN where X 5 H or any tact. Passes through the skin. other group where a formal dissociation may occur. For Harmful Effects and Symptoms example, KCN or Ca(CN)2; Form R de minimis concentra- Short Term Exposure: This chemical can be absorbed tion reporting level: 1.0%. through the skin, thereby increasing exposure. Barium cya- US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, nide is a deadly poison; can affect you when breathed and Appendix B) as cyanide mixtures, cyanide solutions or cya- by passing through skin. Exposure can cause confusion, nides, inorganic, n.o.s. weakness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, gasping for air, Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration collapse and even death from cyanide poisoning. On con- 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. and tact with acids, acid mists, or acid salts, flammable hydro- Cyanide compounds, inorganic, n.o.s. gen cyanide gas is formed which can cause rapid European/International Regulations: Hazard Symbol: T, N; poisoning. Exposure to either form can affect the nervous Risk phrases: R28; R32; R50/53; Safety phrases: S1/2; S7/ system and cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart 8; S23; S36/37; S45; S60; S61 (see Appendix 4). disorders. WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 3—Severe hazard Long Term Exposure: Animal studies have found increased to waters. blood pressure and changes in the heart from ingesting bar- Description: Barium cyanide is a white crystalline powder. ium over a long time. Can interfere with the normal func- Often used in solution. Molecular weight 5 139.4; Heat tioning of the thyroid gland, causing goiter (enlarged of combustion 5260.5 3 105 J/kg; Heat of solution 5 thyroid). Barium cyanide 315

Points of Attack: Thyroid. tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- Medical Surveillance: Blood cyanide level. Thyroid func- ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing tion tests. Consideration should be given to the skin, eye, apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any heart, and lung in any placement or periodic examination. supplied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medi- or other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned cal attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breath- soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this ing apparatus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical atten- with an auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus oper- tion. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do ated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). not make an unconscious person vomit. If cyanide poisoning Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece is confirmed, use amyl nitrate capsules if symptoms develop. respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE All area employees should be trained regularly in emergency (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing measures for cyanide poisoning and in CPR. A cyanide anti- apparatus). dote kit should be kept in the immediate work area and must Storage: Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store be rapidly available. Kit ingredients should be replaced in a secure poison location. Barium cyanide must be stored every 12 years to ensure freshness. Persons trained in the to avoid contact with acids; acid salt (such as potassium use of this kit, oxygen use, and CPR must be quickly avail- bisulfate, calcium biphosphate and calcium nitrate); carbon able. See also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. dioxide and strong oxidizers (such as nitrates, chlorates and Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose chlorine) since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is Shipping: This chemical requires a shipping label of not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” The Hazard Class gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of is 6.1 and the Packing Group is I.[19, 20] skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing provide recommendations on the most protective glove/ protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, avail- material in the most convenient and safe manner and able each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain splash- (for liquid) or dust-proof chemical goggles and face and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If mate- shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. rial or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and your local or federal environmental protection agency for eyewash. specific recommendations. If employees are required to Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. Restrict persons not an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 fil- wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak tering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The fol- until cleanup is complete. Ventilate the area of spill or leak. lowing filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). material and deposit in sealed containers. Collect powdered 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator material in the most convenient and safe manner and operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie deposit in sealed containers. (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with Fire Extinguishing: Barium cyanide does not burn, but a high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F contact with acids, acid salts, or carbon dioxide in air (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator may produce highly flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surround- (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece ing fire. Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie cyanide. If material or contaminated runoff enters water- (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a ways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated 316 Barium hypochlorite waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution combustible materials (such as wood, oil, paper, and fuels), control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, acids, and urea since violent reactions occur. Keep away use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling from water or steam. streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume Permissible Exposure Limits in Air and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees a human carcinogen. are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recom- NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. mended for firefighting are self-contained breathing appara- DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak tuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a limitation II(2). pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. Disposal Method Suggested: Precipitate barium with sul- No TEEL available. fate. Then add with stirring to alkaline calcium hypochlorite Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in solution. Let stand 24 h, then flush to sewer. ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) References to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 Sax, N. I. (Ed.). (1983). Dangerous Properties of Industrial (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 Materials Report, 1, No. 6, 3335 (1981) and 3, No. 4, (Nevada). 3132 Determination in Air: See entry under “Barium.” New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Permissible Concentration in Water: No standards set for (June 2005). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium Barium Hypochlorite per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. Cyanide. Trenton, NJ See entry under “Barium.” Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, eye and/or skin contact. Absorbed through the skin. Harmful Effects and Symptoms Barium hypochlorite B:0150 Short Term Exposure: Barium hypochlorite can affect you when breathed in and may enter the body through the skin. Molecular Formula: BaCl2O2 Contact can irritate and even burn the eyes and skin. Common Formula: Ba(OCl)2 Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat, and Synonyms: Hypochlorous acid, barium salt bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm. Exposure to CAS Registry Number: 13477-10-6 either form can affect the nervous system and cause hypo- RTECS® Number: NH3480000 kalemia, which can cause heart disorders. UN/NA & ERG Number: UN2741 (barium hypochlorite, Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, barium with more than 22% available chlorine)/141 may show up as spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies barium chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible the lungs. Animal studies have found increased blood pres- Exposure Limits in Air” section. sure and changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous long time. Repeated skin contact can cause chronic dryness Constituents. and cracking. EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- Points of Attack: Lungs, skin. stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the structure. This category does not include barium sulfate skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting examination. level: 0.1%. First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immedi- WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. ately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immedi- Description: Barium hypochlorite is a colorless, sand-like, ately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from crystalline solid, often used in solution. A strong oxidizer. exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau- There is not much information available on this compound. tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has Reacts with water. stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer Potential Exposure: This material is used as a bleaching promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has agent and as an antiseptic. been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quanti- Incompatibilities: Barium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizer. ties of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an uncon- Avoid contact with reducing agents, organic and scious person vomit. Barium nitrate 317

Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose and Solid Oxidizers for detailed handling and storage operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of regulations. chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is Shipping: Barium hypochlorite (with more than 22% avail- not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective work able chlorine) requires an “OXIDIZER” label. It falls in clothing. Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Hazard Class 5.1 and Packing Group II. barium hypochlorite and at the end of the work shift. Post Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing hazard and warning information in the work area. In addi- protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup tion, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered communicate all information on the health and safety material in the most convenient and safe manner and hazards of barium hypochlorite to potentially exposed deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak workers. See also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain Respirator Selection: (BA soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If mate- 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with rial or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact filtering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The your local or federal environmental protection agency following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, for specific recommendations. If employees are required to N100, R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air res- clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. pirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie Fire Extinguishing: Do not use water. Extinguish fire using (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Barium hypo- a high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F chlorite itself does not burn. Poisonous gases are produced (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator in fire, including chlorine and chlorides. If material or con- with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) taminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure posi- supplied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: tion. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respira- has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand tors recommended for firefighting are self-contained breath- or other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned ing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breath- Reference ing apparatus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: (June 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator Hypochlorite. Trenton, NJ that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Barium nitrate B:0160 Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE Molecular Formula: BaN2O6 (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing Common Formula: Ba(NO3)2 apparatus). Synonyms: Barium dinitrate; Nitrate de baryum (French); Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a Nitrato barico (Spanish); Nitric acid, barium salt location separate from other materials, especially flam- CAS Registry Number: 10022-31-8 mables and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers RTECS® Number: CQ9625000 in a cool, well-ventilated area away from water and steam. UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1446/141 Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are EC Number: 233-020-5 prohibited where Barium Hypochlorite is used, handled, or Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible explosion hazard. Avoid any possible contact with the Exposure Limits in Air” section. incompatible materials cited above. See OSHA Standard RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Liquid Constituents. 318 Barium nitrate

EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- Harmful Effects and Symptoms stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- Short Term Exposure: Barium nitrate can affect you when structure. This category does not include barium sulfate breathed in. Inhaling dust or mist can cause irritation of the (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting respiratory system, causing cough and phlegm. Contact can level: 0.1%. irritate and even burn the eyes and skin. Exposure can irritate US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, the eyes, nose, and throat. Very high exposure (such as swal- Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). lowing or extremely high dust exposure) can cause barium Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration poisoning with symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, irregular 1.0%. heartbeat, paralysis, and death. Exposure to either form can European/International Regulations: not listed in Annex 1. affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, which can WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 1—Low hazard to cause heart disorders. LD50 5 (oral-rat) 355 mg/kg. waters. Long Term Exposure: Repeated high exposure can irritate Description: Barium nitrate is a shiny, white crystalline the lungs, causing cough and phlegm, and may cause solid. Molecular weight 5 261.36; Specific gravity an abnormal chest X-ray. Animal studies have found (water 5 1) 5 3.24 at 23C; Boiling point 5 210C (decom- increased blood pressure and changes in the heart from poses); Freezing/Melting point 5 590C. Hazard ingesting barium over a long time. Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Points of Attack: Lungs, nervous system, heart. Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 2, Oxidizer. Soluble in Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the water. skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic Potential Exposure: Compound Description: Human Data; examination. Primary Irritant. Barium nitrate is used in fireworks (in First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any green fire pyrotechnics), signal lights, ceramics; and in the contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least electronics industry to make BaO2. Once used in the vac- 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med- uum tube industry. ical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. Decomposes in skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately heat; may detonate if confined in elevating temperatures. with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If Keep away from strong acids, reducing agents. Contact this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, with organic and combustible materials (such as wood, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ- paper, oil, and fuels) and aluminummagnesium alloys ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if since violent reactions occur. Contact with sulfur powder heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical and finely divided metals can form a shock-sensitive facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi- compounds. cal attention. Give large quantities of water and induce Permissible Exposure Limits in Air vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. See ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as also First Aid section in “Barium” entry. a human carcinogen. Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is Protective Action Criteria (PAC) not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective gloves TEEL-0: 15 mg/m3 and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin PAC-1: 30 mg/m3 contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can pro- PAC-2: 50 mg/m3 vide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing PAC-3: 500 mg/m3 material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each limitation II(2). day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg [Ba]/m3. worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash or dust- Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 Provide emergency showers and eyewash. (Nevada). Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5mg/m3: Determination in Air: See entry for “Barium.” 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 fil- barium nitrate per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See tering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The fol- entry for “Barium.” lowing filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, Routes of Entry: Inhalation. R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). Barium oxide 319

12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator off oxygen; thereby increasing the intensity of an existing operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie (APF 5 25) fire. Use flooding amounts of water in early stages of fire; (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency in large fires, the material may melt and water could scatter particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air puri- the molten material. Poisonous gases are produced in fire, fying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 including nitrogen oxides. If material or contaminated run- filter)orSaT:Cf(APF5 50) (any supplied-air respirator that off enters waterways, notify downstream users of poten- has a tight-fitting face-piece and is operated in a continuous- tially contaminated waters. Notify local health and flow mode) or PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-puri- fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, fying respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece and a high-effi- explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed ciency particulate filter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self- containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound contained breathing apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respirator with a full face- signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure posi- piece). 50 mg/m3: Sa: Pd,Pp (APF 5 1000) (any supplied-air tion. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be respirator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pres- trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respira- sure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or tors recommended for firefighting are self-contained breath- planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH condi- ing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated tions: SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece and is operated Disposal Method Suggested: Dissolve waste in 6-M HCl. in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode) or Neutralize with NH4OH. Precipitate with excess sodium SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respi- carbonate. Filter, wash, and dry precipitate and return to rator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- supplier. demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with References an auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a Sax, N. I. (Ed.). (1981). Dangerous Properties of Industrial pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Escape: Materials Report, 1, No. 6, 3637 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE (June 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing Nitrate. Trenton, NJ apparatus). Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a location separate from other materials, especially flammables and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers Barium oxide B:0170 in a cool, well-ventilated area. Avoid any possible contact with incompatible materials cited above. See OSHA Molecular Formula: BaO Standard 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Synonyms: Barium monoxide; Barium protoxide; Baryta; Liquid and Solid Oxidizers for detailed handling and storage Calcined baryta; Monoxido barico (Spanish); Oxyde de bar- regulations. yum (French) Shipping: This chemical requires a shipping label of CAS Registry Number: 1304-28-5 “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” The RTECS® Number: CQ9800000 Hazard Class is 5.1 and the Packing Group is II.[19, 20] UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1884/157 Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing EC Number: 215-127-9 protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible material in the most convenient and safe manner and Exposure Limits in Air” section. deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain Constituents. and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If mate- EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- rial or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact structure. This category does not include barium sulfate your local or federal environmental protection agency for (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting specific recommendations. If employees are required to level: 0.1%. clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). Fire Extinguishing: Extinguish fire using an agent Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration suitable for type of surrounding fire. Barium nitrate itself 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. does not burn but heating causes decomposition and gives European/International Regulations: not listed in Annex 1. 320 Barium oxide

WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 1—Low hazard to First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any waters. contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least Description: Barium oxide is a white to yellowish-white, 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek odorless powder. Molecular weight 5 153.34; Freezing/ medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts Melting point 5 1923C. Hazard Identification (based on the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immedi- NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3, Flammability 0, ately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immedi- Reactivity 2 . Reacts violently with water. ately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from Potential Exposure: It is used to dry gases and solvents and exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau- in producing detergents for lubricating oils. tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has Incompatibilities: Reacts with water, forming barium stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer hydroxide. Violent reactions occur on contact with hydro- promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has gen sulfide, carbon dioxide; hydroxylamine, nitrogen tetrox- been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quanti- ide or sulfur trioxide. Reacts with triuranium. ties of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an uncon- Permissible Exposure Limits in Air scious person vomit. Medical observation is recommended ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as for 2448 h after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary a human carcinogen. edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administer- NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. ing a corticosteroid spray. See also First Aid section in Protective Action Criteria (PAC) “Barium” entry. TEEL-0: 0.558 mg/m3 Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose PAC-1: 1.67 mg/m3 operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of PAC-2: 2.79 mg/m3 chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure PAC-3: 55.8 mg/m3 is not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability limitation II(2). of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. can provide recommendations on the most protective Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). lenses should not be worn when working with this chemi- Determination in Air: See entry for “Barium.” cal. Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. barium oxide per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin entry for “Barium.” is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and Determination in Water: Harmful to the environment. eyewash. Routes of Entry: Inhalation. Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: Harmful Effects and Symptoms 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with Short Term Exposure: Barium oxide can affect you when an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 breathed in. Contact can irritate the skin and burn the eyes, filtering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The causing loss of vision. Breathing the dust or mist following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, can irritate the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, causing R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respira- cough and phlegm. High exposure may cause pulmonary tor). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respi- edema, a medical emergency, that can be delayed for sev- rator operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie eral hours. This can cause death. Exposure to this chemical (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F which can cause heart disorders. (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator Long Term Exposure: May cause lung irritation and bron- with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) chitis. After repeated exposure, barium may show up as (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face- spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some barium chemicals piece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or are contaminated with silica, which scars the lungs. Animal PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respira- studies have found increased blood pressure and changes in tor with a tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency par- the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. ticulate filter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained Points of Attack: Lungs, nervous system, heart. breathing apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respirator with a full face- skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied- examination. air respirator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a Barium perchlorate 321 pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations Barium perchlorate B:0180 or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece Molecular Formula: BaCl2O8 and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- Common Formula: Ba(ClO4)2 pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) Synonyms: Barium perchlorate trihydrate; Perchloric acid, (any supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is barium salt; Perclorato barico (Spanish) operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure CAS Registry Number: 13465-95-7 ® mode in combination with an auxiliary, self-contained RTECS Number: SC7550000 breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1447/141 positive-pressure mode). Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air EC Number: 236-710-4 [Annex I Index No.: 017-007-00-X] purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies P100 filter) or SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self- Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible contained breathing apparatus). Exposure Limits in Air” section. Storage: Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous in a secure poison location. Store in tightly closed contain- Constituents. ers in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area away from water and EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- the incompatible substances cited above. stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- Shipping: Barium oxide requires a shipping label of structure. This category does not include barium sulfate “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” This material falls (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting in Hazard Class 6.1 and Packing Group III.[19, 20] level: 0.1%. Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, protective equipment from area of spill or leak until Appendix B) (Ba compounds, soluble, n.o.s.). cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration pour water into this substance; when dissolving or diluting 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. always add it slowly to the water. Collect powdered mate- European/International Regulations: Hazard Symbol: O, rial in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit Xn; Risk phrases: R9; R20/22; Safety phrases: S2; S27 (see in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after Appendix 4). cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dis- WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 1—Low hazard to pose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or waters. contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream Description: Barium perchlorate is a white crystalline solid. users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your local Molecular weight 5 336.2; Freezing/Melting point 5 400C or federal environmental protection agency for specific (trihydrate); 505C (anhydrous). Hazard Identification recommendations. If employees are required to clean up (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2, spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Highly soluble in water; 1910.120(q) may be applicable. solubility 5 200 g/100 mL at 33C. Fire Extinguishing: Extinguish fire using an agent Potential Exposure: It is used to make explosives and in suitable for type of surrounding fire. Barium oxide itself experimental rocket fuels. does not burn. Do not use water. Poisonous gases are pro- Incompatibilities: An oxidizing agent. Contact with organic duced in fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters and combustible materials (such as paper, wood, and oil), waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contami- finely divided metals (specifically magnesium and alumi- nated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and num), sulfur, calcium hydride, and strontium hydride since pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof violent reactions occur. location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If Permissible Exposure Limits in Air ® cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases ACGIH TLV [1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of a human carcinogen. deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing limitation II(2). apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. No TEEL available. Reference Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to (June 2002). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) Oxide. Trenton, NJ to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). 322 Barium perchlorate

Determination in Air: See entry for “Barium.” chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respi- Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for ratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immedi- Barium perchlorate per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. ately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide See entry for “Barium.” emergency showers and eyewash. Routes of Entry: Inhalation. Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: Harmful Effects and Symptoms 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with Short Term Exposure: Barium perchlorate can affect you an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 when breathed in. Contact can cause severe irritation and filtering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The burn the eyes and skin. Breathing the dust or mist can irri- following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, tate the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, causing cough R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respira- and phlegm. Overexposure can cause methemoglobinemia, tor). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respi- causing dizziness, bluish color to the skin and lips. Higher rator operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie levels can cause difficult breathing, collapse, and even (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a death. high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, Barium (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator may show up as spots in the lungs on X-ray. Some Barium with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars the (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face- lungs. Perchlorates can interfere with thyroid function, piece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or affect the red blood cells (methemoglobinemia) or damage PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respira- bone marrow (aplastic anemia). Animal studies have found tor with a tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency par- increased blood pressure and changes in the heart from ticulate filter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained ingesting barium over a long time. breathing apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF Points of Attack: Lungs, red blood cells. (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respirator with a full face- Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 2000) (any supplied- skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic air respirator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a examination. Thyroid function tests, complete blood count pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). (CBC), tests for methemoglobin. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immedi- (any supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is ately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immedi- operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure ately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from mode in combination with an auxiliary, self-contained exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau- breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has positive-pressure mode). Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has P100 filter) or SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self- been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quanti- contained breathing apparatus). ties of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an uncon- Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a scious person vomit. location separate from other materials, especially flam- Note to physician: Treat for methemoglobinemia. mables and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers Spectrophotometry may be required for precise determina- in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, tion of levels of methemoglobinemia in urine. See also First sources of shock, or the incompatible materials cited above. Aid section in “Barium” entry. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose prohibited where Barium perchlorate is handled, used, or operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of stored. See OSHA Standard 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Code chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers for detailed not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective gloves handling and storage regulations. and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin Shipping: Barium perchlorate requires a shipping label contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can proof “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” vide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing This material falls in Hazard Class 5.1 and Packing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, Group II.[19, 20] gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Absorb liquids in Barium permanganate 323 vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and infrastructure. This category does not include barium sulfate deposit in sealed containers. Collect powdered material in (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed level: 0.1%. containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this Appendix B). chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of poten- 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. tially contaminated waters. Contact your local or federal WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): No value assigned. environmental protection agency for specific recommenda- Description: Barium permanganate is a brownish-violet, tions. If employees are required to clean up spills, they dark purple to black crystalline solid. Molecular weight 5 must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) 375.2; Specific gravity (H2O:1) 5 3.77 at 20 C. Hazard may be applicable. Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Fire Extinguishing: Barium perchlorate does not burn, but Health 2, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Soluble in contact with organic and combustible materials or heat or water. shock may cause fires or explosions. In case of fire, evacu- Potential Exposure: It is used to make dry cells and other ate the area and fight the fire from a safe, protected loca- permanganates; and as a disinfectant. tion. Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including Incompatibilities: Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and Chlorides. If material or contaminated runoff enters water- organic or combustible materials (such as wood, paper, oil, ways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated and fuels) since violent reactions occur. waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution Permissible Exposure Limits in Air control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling a human carcinogen. streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees Protective Action Criteria (PAC) are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and TEEL-0: 6.83 mg/m3 equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recom- PAC-1: 20.5 mg/m3 mended for firefighting are self-contained breathing appara- PAC-2: 34.1 mg/m3 tuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a PAC-3: 34.1 mg/m3 pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak Reference limitation II(2). New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. (August 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium Several states have set guidelines or standards for barium in Perchlorate. Trenton, NJ ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/m3 (New York) to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/m3 (Nevada). Barium permanganate B:0190 Determination in Air: See entry for “Barium.” Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for Molecular Formula: BaMn2O8 barium permanganate per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. Common Formula: Ba(MnO4)2 See entry for “Barium.” Synonyms: Barium manganate(VIII); Permanganato barico Routes of Entry: Inhalation. (Spanish); Permanganic acid, barium salt Short Term Exposure: Skin and eye contact can cause CAS Registry Number: 7787-36-2 severe irritation and burns. Barium permanganate can affect RTECS® Number: SD6405000 you when breathed in. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1448/141 the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, causing cough and EC Number: 232-110-1 phlegm. Exposure to either form can affect the nervous sys- Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies tem and cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible disorders. Exposure Limits in Air” section. Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, Barium OSHA 29CFR1910.119, Appendix A, Process Safety List may show up as spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, TQ 5 7500 lb. barium chemicals are contaminated with Silica, which scars RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous the lungs. Animal studies have found increased blood pres- Constituents. sure and changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- long time. Repeated contact may cause chronic drying and stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s cracking skin. 324 Barium permanganate

Points of Attack: Lungs, skin. supplied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: Sa: Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the Pd,Pp (APF 5 1000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a skin, eye, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or examination. other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing appara- 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek tus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immedi- ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator that ately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immedi- has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand ately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precau- auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a tions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Escape: stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respira- promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has tor with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE (any been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quanti- appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing ties of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an uncon- apparatus). scious person vomit. See also First Aid section in Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in “Barium” entry. a location separate from other materials, especially flam- Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose mables and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of is a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from incom- chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is patible materials cited above. See OSHA Standard not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective 1910.104 and NFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Liquid gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of and Solid Oxidizers for detailed handling and storage skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can regulations. provide recommendations on the most protective glove/ Shipping: Barium permanganate requires a shipping label clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing of “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, avail- This material falls in Hazard Class 5.1 and Packing Group able each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses II.[19, 20] should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full protective equipment from area of spill or leak until face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contami- powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner nated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. Post haz- and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or ard and warning information in the work area. In addition, leak after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to con- as part of an ongoing education and training effort, commu- tain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If nicate all information on the health and safety hazards of material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify Barium permanganate to potentially exposed workers. downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: Contact your local or federal environmental protection 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with agency for specific recommendations. If employees are an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 fil- required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained tering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The fol- and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. lowing filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, Fire Extinguishing: Barium permanganate does not burn, R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). but contact with organic and combustible materials may 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator cause fires or explosions. In case of fire, evacuate the area operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie and fight the fire from a safe, protected location. Poisonous (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a gases are produced in fire. If material or contaminated run- high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F off enters waterways, notify downstream users of poten- (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator tially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure posi- ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing tion. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. The only Barium peroxide 325 respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained Permissible Exposure Limits in Air breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are ACGIH TLV®[1]: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA; not classifiable as operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure a human carcinogen. mode. OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. Reference NIOSH REL: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3 TWA. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Protective Action Criteria (PAC) (August 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium TEEL-0: 0.617 mg/m3 Permanganate. Trenton, NJ PAC-1: 1.5 mg/m3 PAC-2: 12.5 mg/m3 PAC-3: 61.7 mg/m3 DFG MAK: 0.5 mg[Ba]/m3, inhalable fraction TWA; Peak Barium peroxide B:0200 limitation II(2). NIOSH IDLH: 50 mg Ba/m3. 3 3 Molecular Formula: BaO2 Australia: TWA 0.5 mg/m , 1993; Austria: MAK 0.5 mg/m , Synonyms: Barium binoxide; Barium dioxide; 1993; Belgium: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Denmark: TWA Bariumperoxid (German); Barium superoxide; Dioxyde de 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Finland: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Hungary baryum (French); Peroxido barico (Spanish); Peroxyde de STEL 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; the Netherlands: MAC-TGG baryum (French) 0.5 mg/m3, 2003; the Philippines: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; CAS Registry Number: 1304-29-6 Poland: MAC (time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m3;MAC RTECS® Number: CR0175000 (STEL) 1.5 mg/m3, 1999; Sweden: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1449/141 Switzerland: MAK-week 0.5 mg/m3, 1999; Turkey: TWA EC Number: 215-128-4 [Annex I Index No.: 056-001-00-1] 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; United Kingdom: LTEL 0.5 mg/m3, 1993; Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies Argentina, Bulgaria, Columbia, Jordan, South Korea, New ® Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam: ACGIH TLV : not classifiable Exposure Limits in Air” section. as a human carcinogen. Several states have set guidelines or RCRA 40CFR261, Appendix 8; 40CFR261.11 Hazardous standards for barium in ambient air[60] ranging from 0.67 μg/ Constituents. m3 (New York) to 5.0 μg/m3 (Florida and North Dakota) to EPCRA Section 313: Includes any unique chemical sub- 8.0 μg/m3 (Virginia) to 10.0 μg/m3 (Connecticut) to 12.0 μg/ stance that contains barium as part of that chemical’s infra- m3 (Nevada). structure. This category does not include barium sulfate Determination in Air: See entry under “Barium.” (7727-43-7). Form R de minimis concentration reporting Permissible Concentration in Water: No criteria set for level: 0.1%. Barium peroxide per se. EPA allows 2 ppm for barium. See US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, entry under “Barium.” Appendix B). Determination in Water: Environmental hazard for aquatic Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration organisms. 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion. European/International Regulations: Hazard Symbol: O, Harmful Effects and Symptoms Xn; Risk phrases: R8; R20/22; Safety phrases: S2; S13; S27 Short Term Exposure: Barium peroxide can affect you (see Appendix 4). when breathed in. Contact can irritate and burn the eyes and WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): 1—Low hazard to skin. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat, waters. and bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm. Exposure Description: Barium peroxide is a grayish-white powder. to this chemical can affect the nervous system and cause Molecular weight 5 169.34; Specific gravity (H2O:1) 5 hypokalemia, which can cause heart disorders. 4.98; Boiling point 5 800C (decomposes below this point); Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, Barium Freezing/Melting point 5 450C. Hazard Identification may show up as spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3, barium chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars Flammability 0, Reactivity 2, , Oxidizer. Very slightly the lungs. Repeated contact may cause chronic drying and soluble in water. cracking skin. Animal studies have found increased blood Potential Exposure: Is used as a bleaching agent; in mak- pressure and changes in the heart from ingesting barium ing hydrogen peroxide, oxygen; in aluminum welding; in over a long time. textile dyeing and for bleaching fibers; animal substances. Points of Attack: Lungs, skin. Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. Keep away from First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any organic and combustible materials (such as wood, paper, contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least oil, fuels, and other easily oxidized materials) and peroxy- 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medi- formic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and hydroxylamine solutions cal attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, since violent reactions occur. remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with 326 Barium peroxide soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin res- (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing cue breathing (using universal precautions, including resusci- apparatus). tation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action Storage: Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in a has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When location separate from other materials, especially flam- this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. mables and combustibles. Store in tightly closed containers Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not in a cool, well-ventilated area away from water or moisture, make an unconscious person vomit. and away from contact with the incompatible materials Personal Protective Methods: Where possible, enclose cited above. See OSHA Standard 1910.104 and NFPA 43A operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers for chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is detailed handling and storage regulations. not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective Shipping: This chemical requires a shipping label gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of of “OXIDIZER, POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can This material falls in Hazard Class 5.1 and Shipping Group provide recommendations on the most protective glove/ II.[19, 20] clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, avail- protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup able each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Cover material should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear with sand/soda ash 9:1 mixture. Mix thoroughly and while dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full stirring, add slowly to sodium bisulfite solution with plastic face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should implements. Neutralize with dilute H2SO4. After setting, wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contami- decant the solution with flushing water and transport the nated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. sand to a sanitary landfill.[24] Ventilate area of spill or leak Respirator Selection: (Ba soluble compounds) 5 mg/m3: after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any particulate respirator equipped with dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 fil- contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream tering face-pieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The fol- users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your local lowing filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, or federal environmental protection agency for specific R100, P100] or Sa (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). recommendations. If employees are required to clean up 12.5 mg/m3: Sa:Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie 1910.120(q) may be applicable. (APF 5 25) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a Fire Extinguishing: Barium peroxide does not burn, but high-efficiency particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F mixtures of Barium peroxide and combustible, organic, or (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece respirator easily oxidized materials, such as wood, fuels, paper, and with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) charcoal will burn or explode if rubbed or contact a small (any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting face-piece amount of water. Use large amounts of water to extinguish and is operated in a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie the fire. Poisonous gases are produced in fire. If material (APF 5 50) (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify down- tight-fitting face-piece and a high-efficiency particulate fil- stream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify ter) or SCBAF (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing local health and fire officials and pollution control agen- apparatus with a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any cies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water supplied-air respirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: Sa: spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are Pd,Pp (APF 5 1000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw other positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry immediately to a secure position. If employees are into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped Pd,Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing appara- in OSHA 1910.156. The only respirators recommended for tus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure- ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator that demand or other positive-pressure mode. has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand Disposal Method Suggested: See Spill Handling. or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an Reference auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Escape: (August 2001). Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet: Barium 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face-piece Peroxide. Trenton, NJ Barium sulfate 327

Australia: TWA 10 mg/m3, 1993; Austria: MAK 0.5 mg(Ba)/ Barium sulfate B:0210 m3, 1999; Belgium: TWA 10 mg/m3 (respirable dust), 1993; Denmark: TWA 0.5 mg(Ba)/m3, 1999; Finland: TWA 0.5 mg 3 3 Molecular Formula: BaO4S (Ba)/m , 1999; Norway: TWA 0.5 mg(Ba)/m , 1999; 3 Common Formula: BaSO4 Sweden: TWA 0.5 mg(Ba)/m , 1999; the Netherlands: MAC- Synonyms: Actybaryte; Artificial brite; Artificial heavy TGG 0.5 mg(Ba)/m3; MAC-TGG 1.5 mg/m3 (respirable spar; Bakontal; Baridol; Barite; Baritop; Barosperse; dust), 2003; MAC-TGG 4 mg/m3 (total dust), 2003; United Barotrast; Baryta white; Barytes; Bayrites; Blanc fixe Kingdom: TWA (respirable dust) 4 mg(Ba)/m3, 2000; United (French); C.I. 77120C.I.; Citobaryum; Colonatrast; Enamel Kingdom: TWA 10 mg(Ba)/m3 (total dust), 2000; Argentina, white; Esophotrast; Eweisse-Z-paque; E-Z-paque; Bulgaria, Columbia, Jordan, South Korea, New Zealand, Finemeal; Lactobaryt; Liquibarine; Macropaque; Neobar; Singapore, Vietnam: ACGIH TLV®:TWA10mg/m3. Oratrast; Permanent white; Pigment white 21; Polybar; Determination in Air: Barium sulfate may be determined Precipitated barium sulphate; Radiobaryt; Raybar; Redi- by filtration and gravimetric measurement. Flow; Solbar; Sulfato barico (Spanish); Sulfuric acid, Permissible Concentration in Water: EPA allows 2 ppm barium salt (1:1); Supramike; Travad; Unibaryt for barium. CAS Registry Number: 7727-43-7 Routes of Entry: Inhalation of dust; ingestion. RTECS® Number: CR0600000 Harmful Effects and Symptoms UN/NA & ERG Number: UN1564/154 Short Term Exposure: Irritates eyes and respiratory tract. EC Number: 231-784-4 Exposure to either form can affect the nervous system and Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart disorders. Air Pollutant Standard Set. See below, “Permissible Long Term Exposure: Lungs may be affected by repeated Exposure Limits in Air” section. or prolonged exposure to dust particles, resulting in barito- RCRA, 40CFR261, Appendix 8 Hazardous Constituents, as sis (a form of benign pneumoconiosis) (WHO). Animal barium compounds, n.o.s., waste number not listed. studies have found increased blood pressure and changes in EPCRA Section 313: This does not cover barium sulfate the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. (7727-43-7). Points of Attack: Lungs, nervous system, heart. US DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant (49CFR172.101, Medical Surveillance: Consideration should be given to the Appendix B). skin, eyes, heart, and lung in any placement or periodic Canada, WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List Concentration examination. 1.0% as Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. First Aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any WGK (German Aquatic Hazard Class): Nonwater polluting contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least agent. 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek med- Description: Barium sulfate is a white crystalline solid. ical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the Molecular weight 5 233.40; Freezing/Melting point 5 skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately 1580C.HazardIdentification(basedonNFPA-704MRating with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If System): Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Slightly this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, soluble in water. begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ- Potential Exposure: Barium sulfate is used as an opaque ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if medium in radiography; as a mud weighting material in oil heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical well drilling; in paper coating; as a paint pigment. facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, rinse Incompatibilities: Aluminum powder, phosphorus. mouth and get medical attention immediately due to the Permissible Exposure Limits in Air possibility of barium poisoning. See also “First Aid” section OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3, total dust TWA; 5 mg/m3, respira- in “Barium” entry. ble fraction TWA. Personal Protective Methods: Wear protective gloves and NIOSH REL: 10 mg/m3, total dust TWA; 5 mg/m3, respira- clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin con- ble fraction TWA. tact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide ® ACGIH TLV [1]: 10 mg/m3 TWA. recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing Protective Action Criteria (PAC) material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, TEEL-0: 15 mg/m3 gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each PAC-1: 30 mg/m3 day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be PAC-2: 350 mg/m3 worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof PAC-3: 500 mg/m3 chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece DFG MAK: 1.5 mg/m3 respirable fraction (previously “fine respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash dust”); 4 mg/m3 inhalable fraction (previously “total dust”). immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Pregnancy Risk group C. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. 328 Bendiocarb

Respirator Selection: 5 mg/m3: 95XQ (APF 5 10) [any agency for specific recommendations. If employees are particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering face-pieces) and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may Fire Extinguishing: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100] or Sa water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous (APF 5 10) (any supplied-air respirator). 12.5 mg/m3: Sa: gases are produced in fire. If material or contaminated run- Cf (APF 5 25) (any supplied-air respirator operated in a off enters waterways, notify downstream users of poten- continuous-flow mode) or PaprHie (APF 5 25) (any tially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, particulate filter). 25 mg/m3: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed purifying, full-face-piece respirator with an N100, R100, or containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting P100 filter) or SaT: Cf (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air respi- sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or rator that has a tight-fitting face-piece and is operated in a shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a continuous-flow mode) or PaprTHie (APF 5 50) (any pow- secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, ered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. and a high-efficiency particulate filter) or SCBAF The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self- (APF 5 50) (any self-contained breathing apparatus with contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces a full face-piece) or SaF (APF 5 50) (any supplied-air res- and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- pirator with a full face-piece). 50 mg/m3: SaF: Pd,Pp pressure mode. (APF 5 2000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a full Reference face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other Sax, N. I. (Ed.). (1980). Dangerous Properties of Industrial positive-pressure mode). Emergency or planned entry into Materials Report, 1, No. 1, 31 unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: SCBAF: Pd, Pp (APF 5 10,000) (any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode) or SaF: Pd,Pp: ASCBA (APF 5 10,000) (any supplied-air respirator that has a full face-piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary, self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode). Escape: 100F (APF 5 50) (any air purifying, full-face- piece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter) or SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus). Storage: Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in a secure poison location. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials listed above. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. Shipping: Barium sulfate requires a shipping label of “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” Barium compounds, n.o.s. fall in Hazard Class 6.1 and Shipping Group III.[19, 20] Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your local or federal environmental protection