To join, send to http://www.et.byu.edu/ Queries No. 40 Queries No. 2 9 .3 is sent in January, and is Sep­May sent in January, NADS AnnualMeeting, New York DARE RegionalMeetings: 2 • Calls for Papers Calls for 2 NCTE • Sessions MLA, • 2 3 • • 3 NADS ADS-L ADS-L discussion list: ADS Web site: 11 • All of Us: The DirectoryThe Us: of All • 11 21 • Our New BooksNew Our • 21 HowrenBob Memoryof In • 22 • 23 OctoberMountain, Rocky • 24 SouthCentral,Oct.-Nov. • 24 November Midwest, • 24 November Atlantic, South UnitedSpanishthe Statesin • 26 Inaugurationsthe to Went We • 27 • 28 AMERICANDIALECT SOCIETY Vol.No. 29, S 3 e p t e m b e r1997 NEWSLETTER OF THE -lilliek/ads/index.htm Sub ADS-L Your Name Your ADS-L Sub ($35 per year), queries and news to editor and and editor to news and queries year), per ($35 executive secretary Allan Metcalf, English [email protected]. Department, MacMurray College, e-mail Jackson­ 243-3403, (217) [email protected] message: the [email protected] tember to all ADS members. Send ADS dues dues ADS Send members. ADS all to tember or 479-7115 (217) phone 62650, Illinois ville,

FIRST CLASS Address Service Requested CALLS FOR PAPERS Jan. 20 Deadline for ILA at NYU Ebonics at NCTE, November ADS will sponsor its annual northeast re­ Sunday, Nov. 23, 1:15-2:30 p.m.: “Ebonics gional meeting with the International Lin­ and Education: Reconsidering the Issues.” guistic Association at New York University ADS-sponsored session J.27 at the 1997 April 17-19. The general topic for ILA will be convention of the National Council of Teach­ bilingualism. Presenters who want to partici­ ers of English, Detroit, Nov. 21-23. Chair: pate in the ADS-sponsored session should ADS President Walt Wolfram, North Caro­ send three copies of their abstract by Jan. 20, lina State Univ. Presentations: 1998 to Silke Van Ness, Germanic & Slavic 1. “The Inclusion of Exclusion in Diver­ Languages and Literatures, HU 248, SUNY, sity.” Jerrie Scott, Univ. of Memphis. Albany NY 12222; phone (518)442-5191; e- 2. “AAVE in Education: The Dynamics of mail [email protected]. Pedagogy, Ideology, and Identity.” Sonja L. Abstracts for other ILA sessions should go Lanehart, Univ. of Georgia. to John Costello, Linguistics, New York Uni- 3. “Ebonics, King and Oakland: Some Folk v., 719 Broadway, Room 504, New York NY Don’t Believe Fat Meat is Greasy.” Geneva 10003, e-mail [email protected]. Smitherman, Michigan State Univ. Dec. 1 deadline for SECOL Membership and convention information are available from NCTE, 1111 Kenyon Road, The Southeastern Conference on Linguis­ Urbana, IL 61801-1096; phone (217) 328- tics will be held March 26-28 at the Univer­ 3870, fax (217) 328-0977. sity of Southwestern Louisiana in the heart of Future NCTE conventions: 1998 Nov. 19- Cajun country. December 1 is the deadline for 24, Nashville; 1999 Nov. 18-23, Denver. abstracts to Joan Weatherly, English Dept., Univ. of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152. For Marshall B erger’s Books the abstract proposal form, fax (901) 678-2226 Marshall D. Berger, a noted linguist, pro­ or e-mail [email protected]. fessor of speech at City College of New York, For local arrangements, contact Sherri L. and a long-time member of ADS, died in June. Condon, English Dept., Southwestern Louisi­ His obituary appeared in the New York ana Univ., Lafayette LA 70504; e-mail Times. Among his publications was “The In­ slc6859@usl .edu. ternal Dynamics of a Metropolitan New York Vocalic Paradigm,” American Speech 43 Talking the Digital Talk (1968): 33-39. ADS-sponsored session at the annual con­ His daughter is making some of her vention of the Modem Language Association father’s books available to scholars. “If you of America, Toronto, Dec. 27-30. happen to get any inquiries,” she writes, “you Chair: Dennis Baron, Univ. of Illinois, might suggest that they e-mail me of their Urbana-Champaign. interests. I will be reviewing his collection “Visualizing Discourse on the World Wide and boxing it by broad topics. ... I would be Web.” Gail Hawisher, Univ. of Illinois, Ur­ willing to send boxes by topic only.” Topics bana-Champaign. include foreign languages (Greek, Russian, “Language and the New Technologies of Lithuanian, Hebrew, to name a few), lan­ Literacy.” Dennis Baron. guage, and etymology. Write Karen A. Berger Those who attend must register for the at [email protected] or [email protected]. MLA convention. Write MLA Convention Of­ fice, 10 Astor Place, New York NY 10003- WHAT’S THE 6981; phone (212) 614-6372; e-mail WORD OF THE YEAR 1997? [email protected]; www.mla.org. Send your nomination! See next page.

2 1 NA D S 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Annual Meeting 1998 • New York City, Jan. 8-10 ADS will meet with the Linguistic Society of America in New York City, Thursday through Saturday, January 8-10. We’ll be housed in the completely remodeled Grand Hyatt Hotel, Park Avenue at Grand Central, New York NY 10017. Rooms are $89 single, $10 for each extra person. You might consider the “Business Plan” for $15 extra per night; it houses you on a concierge floor with free continental breakfast and other amenities. Call (800) 233-1234 or (212) 883-1234 for reservations—and mention LSA. Call soon; after Dec. 23, reservations may not be available. LSA registration: As guests of LSA, we are expected to register with them, at their members’ rate. In return, we get the Meeting Handbook and admission to all LSA meetings. Until Dec. 8, preregistration is available at $50, students $20. On-site registration is $60, students $25. Send check to LSA Secretariat-Annual Meeting, 1325 18th St. NW Suite 211, Washington DC 20036-6501, phone (202) 835-1714, fax (202) 835-1717, e-mail [email protected]. ADS registration: Additional and entirely optional, but those who attend ADS sessions are encouraged to register with ADS Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf for $20, students $10. (Make check payable directly to ADS.) This enrolls you among the ADS Immortals, helps defray the cost of the refreshments for which our meetings are noted, and earns you a distinctive decoration for your LSA badge. Airfare bargains to New York: Refer to LSA Bulletin No. 156, June 1997, or ask LSA. Annual luncheon: 1:00 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 4. William Labov, Univ. of Pennsylvania, will speak on the relationship between dialect geography and sociolinguistics. At press time the location, menu and price were still being determined, but if you pay in advance the guaranteed cost is $25 inclusive. LSA friends are welcome. Make reservations with ADS Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf. Words o f the Year 1997: Send your nominations to New Words Committee Chair Wayne Glowka, Dept, of English and Speech, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville GA 31061, [email protected].; or to David Barnhart, PO Box 247, Cold Spring NY 10516, e-mail [email protected]. Then come to the nominating session and the final vote Jan. 9. Bring your latest book to the B.Y.O.B. exhibit and reception after the New Words vote. Index to Program Participants (Program begins on next page) Adams, Michael, General IV, 24 Fuller, Janet M., General I, 2 Mishoe, Margaret, General IV, 23 Ammer, Christine, General I, 1 Fuller, Judith W., General I, 3 Montgomery, Michael, General IV, 22 Bailey, Richard, General II, 16 Green, Elaine, Special I, 6 Phillips, Betty S., General I, chair Bailey, Guy, General II, 15 Hamilton, Anne Marie, General III, 19 Pletsch de Garcia, Kati, Special II, 12 Barnhart, David, Special II, chair Hamilton, Anne Marie, Special I, 9 Ronkin, Maggie, General III, 17 Boulanger, Valerie, General IV, 25 Hazen, Kirk, General II, 13 Rose, Mary, Special II, 10 Bramlett, Frank, Special I, 9 Ioup, Georgette, General III, 18 Schilling-Estes, Natalie, Special I, 7 Butters, Ronald R., General IV, 21 Johnson, Ellen, Special I, chair Schutz, Paul A., General I, 4 Cukor-Avila, Patricia, General II, 15 Karn, Helen, General III, 17 Smith, Jennifer, General II, 14 Davis, Boyd, General IV, 23 Kaplan, Lyla, General IV, 21 Sugarman, Jeremy, General IV, 21 Diensberg, Bernhard, General I, 5 Lane, Lisa Ann, Special I, 8 Tagliamonte, Sali, General II, 14 Doran, Amanda, Special II, 11 Lanehart, Sonja L., General I, 4 Thomas, Erik, Special I, 6 Dumas, Bethany K., General IV, chair Lee, Margaret G., General III, chair von Schneidemesser, Luanne, General II, chair Flanigan, Beverly Olson, General III, 20 Lucas, Ceil, Special II, 10 Wolfram, Walt, Special I, 6

NADS 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 / 3 ADS ANNUAL MEETING 'y Thursday Afternoon, January 8: First General Session Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt 3:00-5:30 p.m. Chair: Betty S. Phillips, Indiana State Univ. 1 • 3:00-3:30: “Idiom’s Delight.” Christine Ammer, Lexington, Mass. As the idiosyncrasies of a language, peculiar to it and, usually, to it alone, idioms are both intriguing and frustrating. This paper will concentrate on some of the oddities of idioms: their arbitrary use of prepositions (we talk at length but will go to any length)-, their preservation of otherwise obsolete words (hue and cry, beck and call); their multiple meanings (16 for the phrasal verb pick up, 10 for put down)-, their lost origins and the theories they provoke {get down to brass tacks; the whole nine yards); and idioms whose meaning changes completely (a close shave, birthday suit, think tank, thumbs up). 2 • 3:30-4:00: “Er hat uns gesaved vun unser sins”: Past Participial Marking in Pennsylva­ nia German.” Janet M. Fuller, Southern Illinois Univ. Data from Pennsylvania German speakers from the Midwest show variation in past participial marking which indicates that English verbal morphology is appearing in PG, a sign of structural convergence toward English. There are two types of past participles formed with English-origin verbs in PG: full English participles (e.g., “mir warre delivered” Sve were delivered’) and English stems with German participial morphology (e.g., “Ich war gebaptized dat” ‘I was baptized there’). Sixty percent of the full English participles fit the requirements for reanalysis as German non-separable prefix verbs, having a first syllable which could be interpreted as a prefix and a final alveolar stop (e.g., re model ed, en-joy- ed). However, forty percent of the full English participles in this corpus do not allow this analysis. In German/English codeswitching data, which represent an earlier phase of German/English language contact, the only verbs which occur as full English participles have phonological forms which allow them to be interpreted as German non-separable prefix verbs. Thus the variation in the PG data is posited to be a sign of the dialect’s convergence to English. 3 • 4:00-4:30: “Searching for Standard American English.” Judith W. Fuller, Gustavus Adolphus Coll. According to standard grammar, lie is an intransitive verb, as in “I’m going to lie down,” while lay is a transitive verb, as in “I’m going to lay the baby in her crib.” Twentieth-century dictionaries of American English reflect these distinctions, citing intransitive lay as “illiterate,” “nonstandard,” and “incorrect”. Careful listening to American speakers, however, shows that the situation has gone rather beyond this assessment: college professors, even in English Departments, say “I’m going to lay down,” and whole classes of students in college composition courses have never heard of the distinction. These discrepan­ cies indicate a gap in our knowledge and assessment of the actual usage of educated native speakers, the population that is the foundation of the designation “standard English.” This study addresses this gap with data from both natural conversations and elicited judgments of Minnesota speakers. Preliminary data suggest that for Minnesota undergraduates the two verbs are not distinct in some constructions, that some constructions are obsolete, and that the corrections made in sentences the respondents indicated they would never say suggest ways in which the two verbs have partially fallen together. Possible reasons for these findings are historical, structural, and semantic. 4 • 4:30-5:00: “Facilitating Self-Regulated Learning in English Language Studies Class­ rooms.” Sonja L. Lanehart and Paul A. Schutz, Univ. of Georgia. This paper uses current theory and research in educational psychology to show how instructors in English language studies can create activities that facilitate the development of students’ self-regulated learning skills. The focus of the discussion is on the importance of goals and integrating goal-setting into classroom activities. Classroom management also will be discussed. By combining research in educa­ tional psychology with what we do in English language studies classrooms we hope to foster a mutually beneficial interdisciplinary relationship. 5 • 5:00-5:30: “Teaching American Dialects to Germain Students: Problems and Issues.” Bernhard Diensberg, Univ. of Bayreuth (Germany). In German-speaking countries (in particular Austria, Switzerland and Germany itself) dialect (as distinguished from the standard language) refers to rather small areas. As is the case in my native region (Westerwald/Rhineland), two neighboring villages may differ in their respective dialects, especially if

4/NADS 29.3 September 1997 ADS ANNUAL MEETING they belonged to different principalities (of different religious adherence) before the advent of Napoleon and the unification of Germany. The academic teacher then has to make his students familiar with an altogether different dialect situation in North America (USA and Canada). Undoubtedly, this has consequences for the methodology (selection of informants/communities, data gathering, etc.). The fact that only few students are familiar with American English may constitute another obstacle. At high school level British English is still taught as a rule, although at university level both American and British English enjoy equal status. Moreover, even recently published manuals and handbooks dealing with American English and American dialects seem to be rather old-fashioned. The word-lists which misleadingly suggest clear-cut lexical differences between British and American English are still to be found in most handbooks. Friday, January 9 ADS Executive Council Palace Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt • 8:00 a.m.: Open meeting; all members welcome. Coffee will be served. Presiding: ADS President Walt Wolfram. The Executive Council discusses and sets policy for the Society and hears reports from officers, editors, committee chairs, and regional secretaries. To get an advance copy of the agenda in early December, write or e-mail the Executive Secretary. New Words of 1997 Palace Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt • 10:30-11:30 a.m.: New Words Committee. Chair: Wayne Glowka, Georgia Coll, and State Univ. Review of new words of 1997; nominations for Word of the Year. (Voting at 4:45 p.m.; see Page 7.) Leading candidates in particular categories will be identified. All members are welcome. Reconfiguring Regional Dialects: Special Session I Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt 1:00-3:00 p.m. Chair: Ellen Johnson, Western Kentucky Univ. 6 • 1:00-1:30: “Dynamic Boundaries in African American Vernacular English: The Role of Local Dialect in the History of AAVE.” Walt Wolfram, Erik Thomas and Elaine Green, North Carolina State Univ. This paper will present data currently being collected in interviews with African Americans on the coast of Hyde County across from Ocracoke—where the slaves went when they left the Outer Banks. They had a brogue mixed with some core AAVE. At the same time, interviews with different generations (four different generations from the same family lived in the same house) show the leveling of brogue features and broadening of AAVE core grammar. 7 • 1:30-2:00: “Redrawing Ethnic Dialect Lines: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis of /ay/ in Lumbee Native American Vernacular English.” Natalie Schilling-Estes, Stanford Univ. In investigating language and ethnicity, it is often assumed that ethnic groups are relatively linguisti­ cally homogeneous, particularly when they have existed in historical isolation from other ethnic groups. In addition, it is frequently assumed that there are straightforward linguistic correlates of ethnic boundaries and that these correlates—or “ethnic” language features—serve as ready measures of the degree to which ethnic groups accommodate to outside varieties as they emerge from historic insularity. The present study challenges these assumptions. Synchronic and diachronic analysis of the variable patterning of /ay/ in a relatively isolated rural Native American (Lumbee) variety in Robeson County, N.C. reveals surprising heterogeneity within the Lumbee community.

NADS 29.1 M a y 1996 / 5 ADS ANNUAL MEETING V Friday Afternoon, January 9: Special Session I (Cont.) Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt 8 • 2:00-2:30: “Takin’ Bauman to the ’Burbs: Verbal Art in the Discourse of Suburban Teens.” Lisa Ann Lane, Univ. of Michigan. I attempt to support Bauman’s claim that “it should be self-evident that performance genres, acts, events, and roles cannot occur in isolation, but are mutually interactive and interdependent” (1975: 300) by exploring the use of storytelling, quotation, imitation, and joking in a group of teens’ discourse. These teenagers are members of a highly “local linguistic community” (Silverstein 1996) who are identifiable from emic and etic perspectives as separate from the other local linguistic communities as delimited by their linguistic norms, the geographic area in which they live and socialize, the closed social network ties they maintain, and the expressed ideologies they share. The focus of this aspect of the investigation is how performance frames are keyed and understood within their culturally specific conventions, and who is eligible to perform which genres of verbal art. There are numerous examples of metalinguistic discourse surrounding the fluctuating social and linguistic roles of the group members. These social and linguistic fluctuations index the changing social organization and structure of the group. In this way we understand this Chicago sociolect as not only a geo-linguistic variety, but also as a variety in which interesting linguistic dexterity is displayed through numerous types of verbal art and performance by different members of the group under different conditions. 9 • 2:30-3:00: “Standard English Hardball: The Pressure of Transplant Dialects on Young Atlantan Professionals.” Anne Marie Hamilton and Frank Bramlett, Univ. of Georgia. Atlanta is a Southern metropolis receiving a large infusion of middle-class newcomers from the North and West who may view Southern speech as non-standard. One socioeconomic group in direct competi­ tion with the newcomers is college graduates in the professional client-based job market. Their potential employers consider professionalism and intelligence to be job qualifications. The interviewer might take speech features into consideration when making hiring decisions. Our survey of 90 college seniors native to Atlanta and 9 personnel managers in engineering, computer science, and accounting measures attitudes toward language use and the pressure on young native Atlantan professionals to modify speech toward a perceived standard. Reconfiguring Regional Dialects: Special Session II 3:15-4:45 p.m. Chair: David Barnhart, Lexik House. 10 • 3:15-3:45: “1-handshape Variation in American Sign Language.” Ceil Lucas and Mary Rose, Gallaudet Univ. This paper will focus on data from African American and White signers from Boston, New Orleans, and Fremont, Calif. The handshape of the numeral 1 (index finger extended, all other fingers and thumb closed) occurs in lexical signs, pronouns, and classifier signs. Variation may include an extended thumb, an extended pinky, and relaxation of the middle, ring, and pinky fingers, in addition to phonologically dissimilar handshapes which seem to occur as a result of assimilation to the handshape of the preceding or following sign. A Varbrul analysis will show assimilation at work, more with pronouns than with lexical signs. Correlation of 1-handshape variation with social factors will also be discussed. 11 • 3:45-4:15: “Rising Glides in Mexican American English.” Amanda Doran, Univ. of Texas, Austin. Mexican American English is an ethnic variety of English spoken in many parts of the United States, particularly in the Southwest. Prosody is the aspect of MAE that most noticeably distinguishes it from other varieties of English. Based on data from a talk show, two films, and a documentary, supplemented by participant observation, I examine the overall phonetic characteristics and the use and function of rising glides, the most salient intonation pattern in MAE. Rising glides are used by speakers to emphasize or highlight specific words and, by extension, specific aspects of a discourse. In highlighting the need for further research on rising glides and other features of MAE prosody, this study reaffirms the importance of continuing to study more firmly established ethnic dialects even as we undertake the investigation of newly emerging ones. 12 • 4:15-4:45: “Linguistic Behavior of Three South Texas Border Communities: Same or Different?” Kati Pletsch de Garcia, Texas A&M International Univ. 6 / NADS 29.1 January 1997 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Friday Afternoon, January 9: Special Session II (Cont.) Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt The border communities of Laredo, McAllen and Brownsville, Texas are noted for their conservative nature, and for guarding and maintaining their Hispanic customs and Spanish language in spite of their location within the United States, and their increased contact with the Anglo-American population. In this paper, I present data encapsulating actual language use patterns and subjects’ self-reported lan­ guage use patterns along with their attitudes toward language mixing, Spanish proficiency, societal identity, bilingualism and viability of Spanish in their community. Observations and conclusions con­ cerning the role of Spanish, English or TexMex usage and the non-linguistic factors affecting language choice will be offered. Also, similarities and differences observed in the data provided by the university community and the community at-large will be discussed. The data in this study come from (1) personal interviews conducted with 150 adult students at Texas A&M International University in Laredo, University of Texas-Pan American in McAllen, and University of Texas at Brownsville; (2) questionnaires administered to 450 adult subjects randomly chosen from the three communities at-large; and (3) transcriptions of audiotapes of 30 of the subjects. New Words of 1997 4:45-5:45 p.m.. Regency Room: Discussion and voting on nominations made in the morning (see above, Page 5). All present are invited to vote. Bring-Your-Own-Book Exhibit 5:45-6:45 p.m., Regency Room: Tables will be available to display your books and order forms. Refreshments will be served. Saturday, January 10 Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt Annual Business Meeting 8:00-8:30 a.m.: Election (see below); report of yesterday’s Executive Council meeting; as time permits, reports of officers, editors, committee chairs, regional secretaries. Most of the business of the Society is conducted at the Executive Council meeting (8 a.m. Friday, open to all members). N ominating C ommittee R e po r t The committee (John Baugh, chair; Lawrence Davis, William Kretzschmar) proposes for Executive Council member 1998 through 2001: Lisa Ann Lane, Univ. of Michigan. Additional nominations may be made by a petition with the signature of at least ten members, which must reach the Executive Secretary by Dec. 23. General Session II 8:30-10:30 a.m. Chair: Luanne von Schneidemesser, DARE. 13 • 8:30-9:00: “Negation, Nasalization, and Regularization: Creating Similar Diachronic Paths.” Kirk Hazen, North Carolina State Univ. This paper presents acoustic, phonological, and morphological evidence for an innovative variant in the past be paradigm, wont, as collected from interviews with 72 speakers over four years in the tri­ ethnic, rural community of Warren County, North Carolina. In Warren County, African Americans, European Americans, and Native Americans have was regularization as is expected for vernacular speakers; however, no ethnic group has extensive w asn ’t regularization. All three ethnic communities have wont regularization which dominates the negative paradigm to the exclusion of other forms. This paper argues that wont developed along similar paths as a in ’t in the present paradigm. Both wont and ain 't have the minimal, yet necessary, phonological and morphological structure to convey their

NADS 29.1 May 1996 / 7 ADS ANNUAL MEETING \ Saturday Morning, January 10: General Session II (Cont.) Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt meaning. This simplest structure provides an advantage in terms of markedness to the other variants in the present and past paradigms: isn.it/arenit and w a sn ’t /w eren ’t are all more complex and contain unnecessary phonological and morphological structure for semantic transfer. The similarities between wont and a in ’t indicate that the steps involved in their diachronic development are natural and produc­ tive steps in language change. 14 • 9:00-9:30: “Was/were Variation in English: Primitive, Remnant, Syntactic Restructur­ ing or Act of Identity? Evidence from Inter-variety Comparison.” Sali Tagliamonte and Jennifer Smith, Univ. of York, England. We present a cross-linguistic analysis of was/were variation as in: There WAS puckle houses.. . there WERE a puckle thatched houses like that. Preliminary analyses of nearly 6000 instances in six different varieties of English reveal that in every community, the rate of standard was realized by were amounts to between 1 and 3 percent, while the rate of standard were realized by was ranges from 42 to 89 percent. What explains the broad range of frequencies? Existential NPs highly favor non-standard was, regard­ less of community. But in non-existential constructions, the patterning of non-standard was appears in most cases to result from longitudinal, though differential, continuity of diachronic patterns of be. 15 • 9:30-10:00: “The Morphology of Past Tense in AAVE.” Patricia Cukor-Avila, Univ. of North Texas, and Guy Bailey, Univ. of Texas at San Antonio. This paper looks at the historical evolution of AAVE past suffix deletion, irregular past tense forms, and had + past as a simple past tense form. The data come from an ethnolinguistic study of four generations of African Americans in the rural east-central Texas community of Springville, and from interviews with former slaves that were mechanically recorded in the 1930s and 1940s. Since several of the slaves were from near Springville, these give us almost a century and a half of real and apparent time data. Preliminary analysis suggests that 1) there was more variation in past tense marking in earlier AAVE, in particular with irregular verbs; 2) when coupled with high rates of will/would deletion and zero third person singular, this variation led to a great deal of grammatical ambiguity; 3) the emergence of had + past as a past tense marker after World War II reflects an attempt to resolve some of this ambiguity. 16 • 10:00-10:30: “African-American Stereotypes in Early Twentieth-Century English.” Richard W. Bailey, Univ. of Michigan. Among the earliest recordings made by Edison Studios were brief extracts from minstrel shows and vaudeville involving African Americans. Though usually performed by “black-face” Caucasian comedi­ ans, these records give us a glimpse of the image of AAVE a century ago. General Session III 10:45 a.m.-12:45 p.m. Chair: Margaret G. Lee, Hampton Univ. 17 • 10:45-11:15: “Mock Ebonics: Linguistic Racism in Parodies of Ebonics on the Internet.” Maggie Ronkin and Helen Kam, Georgetown Univ. This study presents evidence of linguistic racism in parodies of Ebonics (“Mock Ebonics”) which appeared on the Internet in the wake of the 1996 Oakland School Board Resolution. Drawing on J. Hill’s characterization of Mock Spanish (“Mock Spanish: A Site for the Indexical Reproduction of Racism in American English,” Language and Culture Symposium 2, Univ. of Chicago, 1995), we show that Mock Ebonics is a system of semantic, phonological, grammatical, and orthographic strategies for representing the imperfections of an outgroup, namely, users of Ebonics. Moreover, we show how producers of Mock Ebonics employ these strategies, which are common in speech stereotypes, to justify attributing the blame for poor academic performance to learners and the community from which they come. 18 • 11:15-11:45: “The Language of the Free People of Color in 19th Century New Orleans: Evidence from the Journal of Sister Mary Bernard Diggs.” Georgette Ioup, Univ. of New Orleans. The archives of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of New Orleans contain a 370-page manuscript written over a period of two years (1894-96) by a semiliterate nun born a free woman of color in 1846. 8 / NADS 29.1 January 1997 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Saturday, January 10: General Session III (Cont.) Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt This paper analyzes her language,which in some ways is similar to the African-American Vernacular English Civil War letters analyzed by Montgomery et al., but in many ways is divergent in that it appears to be closer in verb structure to a standard white dialect. The focus of analysis will be the verb forms (especially the copula and the auxiliaries have and be), tense consistencies, and subject-verb concord. It will examine whether concord is systematic, in what ways it deviates from standard English, and whether a subject-type constraint or a proximity-to-subject constraint characterizes deviations. 19 • 11:45-12:15: “Who Speaks Scots in the United States? An Analysis of Social Labels in DARE.” Anne Marie Hamilton, Univ. of Georgia. In the first two volumes of DARE, 365 entries are listed in the DARE Index as Scots, making DARE the best resource for assessing the survival of Scottish vocabulary in the United States. For a portion of these entries, DARE provides social labels and statistics. Where individual informants are identified, it is possible to obtain even more demographic information from the list of informants in the first volume of DARE. By matching social characteristics with regions of occurrence, we can begin to understand the differential impact of the Scots linguistic minority on the language varieties of regions and socio­ economic classes of the United Sates. The findings are compared with settlement history. 20 • 12:15-12:45: “Complementizer Variation in American English: Overt, Covert, and Pleonastic.” Beverly Olson Flanigan, Ohio Univ. In an earlier survey of dialect awareness I discovered a frequent use of a ll’s (

NADS 29.1 M ay 1996/9 ADS ANNUAL MEETING V Saturday, January 10: General Session IV (Cont.) Edison/Winter Garden/Brooks Atkinson Room, Conference Level, Grand Hyatt these interviewees and compare their responses to the usual dictionary definitions, suggesting also implications for obtaining meaningful informed consent. 22 • 4:15-4:45: “It’ll Kill Ye or Cure Ye, One: The History and Function of Alternative one.” Michael Montgomery, Univ. of South Carolina. Among the most interesting grammatical features whose occurrence is regional are those that are “camouflaged” or “disguised,” involving forms identical to the language as generally used but differing often in subtle ways. An example is what may be termed “alternative one,” the post-posing of the indefinite pronoun one (meaning “one or the oth er”) after two conjoined alternatives, as in: 1) He was in Tennessee or Kentucky, one. 2) I ’ll bring back the doctor or his instruments, one. 3) I will see you or send word, one. 4) Boneset is bitterer than quinine and h it’ll kill ye or cure ye, one. This paper analyzes the detailed patterning of alternative one using citations both from DARE and from observed and recorded conversations in South Carolina and Tennessee, and the results of a series of elicitations examining the acceptability of alternative one in a range of syntactic environments. From this analysis, three distinct hypotheses for the development of this construction will be identified and explored. 23 • 4:45-5:15: “ ‘So I says, says I’: Quotatives in Southern White Discourse.” Margaret Mishoe and Boyd Davis, Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte. “Tellin’ on” is a special case of quotatives, the performance of which produces a continuum of intimacy keyed to cultural norms for class and gender, and specified situational roles. The speaker often includes self-deprecation, may present self as comic, and suggests an intent to reveal self by “tellin’ on” another. The performance, usually a code-switch, presents different overtones of sincerity, politeness, and quan­ tity depending on the situation and the degree of intimacy owned, obtained or conferred on the auditors, and the auditors infer their status and the intentions of the speaker by whether quotatives are employed. In this study we examine quotatives from interviews and conversations by white speakers from Charlotte and Cedar Falls. 24 • 5:15-5:45: “Leave ‘let,’ American Doppelganger.” Michael Adams, Albright Coll. Many authorities believe that leave ‘let’ (as in Leave it be. Leave go of me, or Leave me carry the milk pail) is an Americanism. According to the standard account leave “let’ derives from German lassen, which translates in either direction. Yet it also occurs in Scots from the 14th century and in other, widely distributed, English dialects throughout the 19th century; it appears in popular fiction at the turn of the century. Leave ‘let’ from German lassen is an Americanism created in bilingual confusion; leave ‘let’ from English is not an Americanism, or is only recently an “Americanism by survival.” American leave ‘le t’, then, is a curious case, both an Americanism and not, with two parallel but distinct etymologies. 25 • 5:45-6:15: “What Makes a Coinage Successful? The Factors Influencing the Adoption of English New Words.” Valerie Boulanger, Univ. of Georgia. The corpus is made up of the new words created in the 1980s entered in the Third Barnhart Dictionary of New English (1990). Each word is associated with word variables and occurrences in 16 magazines, grouped according to the education, sex, and age of the readers, one year before the date of creation, on the year of creation, and one, two, five, and when applicable ten years after creation. An additional corpus of new words created in 1993 recorded in the Barnhart Dictionary Companion, Volume 8 (1993) was gathered to verify the results. It was found that the factors influencing inclusion in general use dictionaries were related to the referent (e.g., notional field, taboo association, popularity of the referent, register) rather than to the linguistic form (e.g., polysemy and word-formation process used), as well as to use in common magazines with a mixed, middle-aged readership. The relationship between the adoption of new words and the users of the new words thus places the lexicon at the center of sociolinguistic research.

10 /NADS 29.1 January 1997 DIRECTORY Directory of Members, September 1997 In addition to the 517 individuals listed here, about 250 institutions belong to the ADS. Updated mailing labels and lists are available from the Executive Secretary, free for ADS mailings and at a reasonable fee for other purposes of benefit to members. Listings by locality are available to members who would like to get to know their neighbors. Special categories include °°Life Membership, available for $600 ($700 after Jan. 1; minus the current year’s dues, if paid); §Emeritus Membership, free to retired members, but includ­ ing only the Newsletter, ^Presidential Honorary Membership, awarded to three students annually by the ADS President, and *Student Membership, including all publications, at $15 per year for as many as three years. A student’s application should be accompanied by a confirming note from an ADS member. ABATE, Frank R., Dictionary & Reference Specialists, 263 Main St., Suite 301, Old Saybrook, CT, 06475-2326 ABE, Goh, Meizen College, 2272-1 Kitafukigoe Shinmyoaza, Kokubunjicho Ayautagun, Kagawa-Ken 769-01, Japan ABRAHAM, Joe, 16049 Keystone Ave., Greenwell Springs, LA, 70739 (Louisiana State Univ.) ADAMS, Karen, Department of English, Arizona State University, Temps, AZ, 85287-0302 ADAMS, Michael P„ Department of English, Albright College, PO Box 15234, Reading, PA, 19612-5234 ADJAYE, Sophia A., 7809 Walnut Grove Ct., Bakersfield, CA, 93313-4139 (California State Univ., Bakersfield) AGNES, Michael E., New World Dictionaries, Citizens Bldg. Suite 306, 850 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44114-3354 ALIrONG, Stanley, 406 Pine Ave. West, Apt. 65, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S2, Canada (Teleglobe Canada) ALEXANDER, James D., University of Wisconsin Center, P.O. Box 150, Marshfield, Wl, 54449 “ ALGEO, John, PO Box 270, Wheaton, IL, 60189-0270 (Univ. of Georgia, emer.), [email protected] ALLEN, Ashlea, 4604 Glyndale Trace, Mableton, GA, 30126, [email protected] ALLEN, Irving Lewis, PO Box 157, Storrs, CT, 06268-0157 (Univ. of Connecticut) “ AMEMIYA, Tsuyoshi, 1455-4 Aihara, Machida, Tokyo, Japan AMMER, Christine, 5 Tricorne Rd., Lexington, MA, 02173 ARAKELIAN, Paul G., Department of English, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rl, 02881 ARMBRUSTER, Thomas E., San Marino High School, 2701 Huntington Dr., San Marino, CA, 91108 ARONS, Rick, 4332 Harriet Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN, 55409 (St. John’s Univ.), [email protected] ASHLEY, Leonard R.N., 1901 Avenue H, Brooklyn, NY, 11230 (Brooklyn College CUNY) AULETTA, Richard P„ Box A, Roslyn, NY, 11576-0850 (Long Island Univ.) AUSTIN, Allan D., 76 Sunset Ave., Amherst, MA, 01002 (Springfield Coll ), [email protected] BABITCH, Rose Mary, Professor of English, Centre Universitaire de Shippagan, Shippagan N.B., E0B 2P0, Canada §BAILEY, Charles-James N., Moani Lehua Gardens, PO Box 1416, Kea'au, HI, 96749-1416 BAILEY, Guy, Dean of Liberal Arts, Univ. of Nevada 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455001, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-5001, [email protected] BAILEY, Lucille M„ 1142 N. Forest Dr., Kokomo, IN, 46901-1059 BAILEY, Richard W., Dept, of English Language and Literature, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml, 48109-1045, rwbai ley @ r.imap.itd. umich.edu *BAILEY-TEULON, Jody, 2120 - 16th St. NW Apt 901, Washington, DC, 20009-6538 BAND, Benjamin, 208 Deering Ave., Portland, ME, 04102 BARBER, Katherine, Oxford University Press Canada, 70 Wynford Drive, Don Mills, ON, M3C 1J9, Canada, [email protected] “ BARNHART, David K., P.O. Box 247, Cold Spring, NY, 10516, [email protected] BARNHART, Robert K., 34 Salmons Hollow Road, Brewster, NY, 10509 (Barnhart Books) ~BARON, Dennis E., Dept, of English, University of Illinois, 608 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, [email protected] BARRATT, Leslie, Dept, of English, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, [email protected] BATTISTELLA, Edwin, 1301 Meadow Lane, Wayne, NE, 68787 (Wayne State Coll.) BAUGH, John, School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-3096, [email protected] BAYLEY, Robert, Bicultural-Bilingual Studies, University of Texas. San Antonio, TX, 78249-0653 BEAM, C. Richard, Editor, Pennsylvania German Dictionary, 406 Spring Drive, Millersville, PA, 17551 -2021 (Millersville Univ.) BECKNER, W. Thomas, 1101 lllsley Drive, Ft. Wayne, IN, 46807 (Taylor Univ.), [email protected] BEENE, Lynn, Humanities Building 217, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-1106 BENNETT, Jacob, University of Maine, English Department, Orono, ME, 04469-0122 BENSON, Morton, 219 Myrtle Ave., Havertown, PA, 19083-5707 (Dept, of Slavic Langs., Univ. of Pennsylvania) »BERGDAHL, David, English Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701 BERNSTEIN, Cynthia, Dept, of English, Auburn University, Auburn University, AL, 36849-5203, [email protected] BIBER, Douglas, Dept, of English, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 6032, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011 -6032 BILLS, Garland D., Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-1146, [email protected]

NADS 29.1 M ay 1996/11 DIRECTORY V BITTNER, David C., St. Joseph's College, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB.T6G2J5, Canada, [email protected] BOERTIEN, Harmon S., Dept, of English, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-3012 BONNAGE, John A., 3701 S. George Mason Drive #2118, Falls Church, VA, 22041 (Arcadia Institute) °=BORDIE, John G., 3704 Greenway, Austin, TX, 78705-1820 (Univ. of Texas) BOULANGER, Valerie, 4291F Pleasant Lake Village Ln., Duluth, GA, 30096, [email protected] BRAHAM, Carol, Senior Editor, Random House Reference, 201 East 50th St., 24-2, New York, NY, 10022 BRANWYN, Gareth, 4905 Old Dominion Dr., Arlington, VA, 22207 (Contributing editor, Wired magazine), [email protected] ~BREWER, Warren A., P.O. Box 1-253, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan 25137, Republic of China (English Dept., Tamkang University), baeOI ©twntkulO.bitnet BRONSTEIN, Arthur J., 975 Underhills Road, Oakland, CA, 94610-2526 (Univ. of California, Berkeley) •BUCHOLTZ, Mary, 1100 Milner Dr., College Station, TX, 77840 BURGES, Judith C., 440 Myrtle Green Dr. Apt. C, Conway, SC, 29526-9030 (Univ. of South Carolina) BURKE, Lt. Col. Michael A., 280-B Bowman Loop, West Point, NY, 10996-1002 (U.S. Military Academy), cm4074%english @ usma.edu BUTHELEZI, Q. E., Dept, of Linguistics, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, South Africa ooBUTTERS, Ronald R., English Department, Duke University, Box 90018, Durham, NC, 27708-0018, amspeech @ acpub.duke.edu BYRNE, Francis, Linguistics, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, OH, 45662-4303 CALL, Joy, PO Box 493, Miranda, CA, 95553 ooCALLARY, Edward, English Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115-2863, [email protected] §CANNON, Garland, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4227 CARLSON, David R., 34 Spaulding St., Amherst, MA, 01002 (Springfield Coll.) CARMONY, Marvin, English Dept., Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809 CARPENTER, C. Leslie, University of South Carolina at Sumter, 200 Miller Road, Sumter, SC, 29150-2498 CASSIDY, Fred G., DARE, 6125 Helen White Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl, 53706 CHAMBERS, J. K., Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada CHANG, Ho Sheng, 2/F, 18, Alley 1, Lane 32, Chung Shan Rd., Sec. 3, Chung Ho, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China CHARLES, Joel, 1109 NW 97th Dr., Coral Springs, FL, 33071-5961 (Expert Witness Tape Recordings) CHILDS, G. Tucker, Dept, of Applied Linguistics, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, tucker® nhl .nh.pdx.edu CHING, Marvin K.L., The University of Memphis, English, Campus Box 526176, Memphis, TN, 38152-6176, [email protected] CHRISTIAN, Donna, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1118 - 22nd St. NW, Washington, DC, 20037, [email protected] CHWAT M.S. C.C.C.-S.P., Sam, 253 West 16th St., Suite 1B, New York, NY, 10011 (New York Speech Improvement Services) CICHOCKI, Wladyslaw, Dept, of French, Univ. of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B., E3B 5A3, Canada *CIGLER, Jennifer M., 5001 Oakcrest Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030 (North Carolina State Univ.) ooCLARK, Thomas L., English Department, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-5011, [email protected] CLARK, Virginia P., 5 Sheridan Court, Shelburne, VT, 05482 (Univ. of Vermont) CLARKE, Sandra, Linguistics Dept., Memorial University, St. John's Nfld., A1B 3X9, Canada, [email protected] COHEN, Gerald, PLA Dept., 213 Humanities Building, University of Missouri, Rolla, MO, 65401-0249 COLE, George S., Shippensburg University, 1416 Bradley Ave., Hummelstown, PA, 17036-9143, [email protected] COLEMAN, William L., Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, 27412-5001, colemanw @ hamlet.uncg.edu COLLINS, James T„ ATMA UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia (Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia) ooCOLTHARP, Lurline H., 4263 Ridgecrest, El Paso, TX, 79902-1360 (Univ. of Texas, El Paso, emer.) »=COOLEY, Marianne, English Department, University of Houston—University Park, Houston, TX, 77204-3012 COOPER, Grace C., 6712 West Park Drive, Hyattsville, MD, 20782-1727 (Univ. of District of Columbia) COSTELLO, Miles, 38 Hampers Green, Petworth, West Sussex GU28 9NW, England (Book dealer) COYE, Dale, 1132 Cherry Hill Rd., Princeton, NJ, 08540 (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching), [email protected] CRABTREE, E.L., Apdo Postal 27-108, Mexico DF, 06760, Mexico (Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo) CRANDALL, Susan E„ 1750 Phantom Ave., San Jose, CA, 95125 (Attorney) CREAMER, Thomas, 6619 Westmoreland Ave., Takoma Park, MD, 20912 CRESWELL, Thomas J., 2601 East Indian Boundary Road, Chesterton, IN, 46304-2686 (Chicago State Univ., emer.), creswell @ dodo.crown.net CRITTENDEN, Charlotte C., English Department, Georgia Southern College, L.B. 8023, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8023 CROSBY, David, 100 ASU Drive # 89, Lorman, MS, 39096 (Alcorn State Univ.) CUKOR-AVILA, Patricia, English Department, University of North Texas, PO Box 13827, Denton, TX, 76203-6827, [email protected] CUNNINGHAM, Irma A. E., 844 Campanella Ln., Raleigh, NC, 27610-4708 (Shaw Univ.) **CURZAN, Anne L., 630 Waymarket Drive, Ann Arbor, Ml, 48103 (Univ. of Michigan), [email protected]

12 /NADS 29.1 J a n u a r y 1997 DIRECTORY DAEGER, Giles A., 1610 N. Prospect Ave. #1502, Milwaukee, Wl, 53202-2450 DAGGETT, Rowan K., Box 92, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN, 46962 DALZELL, Tom, 1155 Oxford St., Berkeley, CA, 94707 DAVIS, Boyd H., Department of English, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, 28223 DAVIS, Lawrence M., Dept, of English, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, 67260-0014, [email protected] DAVIS, Martha S., University of California, Black Studies South Hall 3631, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-3150, davis @ alishaw.ucsb.edu DAYTON, Elizabeth, Dept, of English, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 5000, Mayaguez, PR, 00681-5000 "DELOS REYES, Guillermo, Dept, of Inti. Relations and History, Universidadde las Americas, Cholula 72820 Puebla, Mexico de WOLF, Gaelan T., 2706 Heron St., Victoria B.C. V8R 6A2, Canada DEE, Douglas L„ 62 Auburn Lane, East Norwich, NY, 11732-1103 DEMAKOPOULOS, Steve A., 51 Plymouth St., Holbrook, MA, 02343 "DeMARSE, Sharon, 3324 N.W. 114 Terrace, Gainesville, FL, 32606 DENNING, Keith, Dept, of English, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Ml, 48197-2210 DERINGER, Ludwig, Kilian-Leib-Str. 22, 85071 Eichstatt, Germany (Univ. Eichstatt) DEVITT, Amy J., English Department, 3116 Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-2115, [email protected] DICKSON, Paul, PO Box 80, Garrett Park, MD, 20896-0080 DIENSBERG, Bernhard, Lievelingsweg 91, 53119 Bonn, Germany, [email protected] DONOGHUE, Mildred R., Professor of Education/Reading, California State University, PO Box 6868, Fullerton, CA, 92834- 6868 DOR, Juliette, English Department, 3 Place Cockerill, 4000 Libge, Belgium (Year's Work in English Studies) 'DORAN, Amanda, 4539 Guadalupe St. A106, Austin, TX, 78751 (Univ. of Texas), [email protected] ~DORRILL, George T., English Dept., Box 417, University Station, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, 70402 §DOWNEY Jr., Andrew F„ 1551 Knob Hill Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329 DOWNING, Pamela, 850 N. 119th St., Wauwatosa, Wl, 53226 (Univ. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), [email protected] DOYLE, Charles Clay, English Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-6205 *DRAY, Nancy L., 5242 W. Oakton St. 3E, Skokie, IL, 60077 (U. of Chicago), [email protected] 'DREWS, Aaron E., Dept, of Linguistics Univ. of Edinburgh, 40 George Square - AFB, Edinburgh EH8 9JX, Scotland, [email protected] DuBOIS, Barbara R., PO Box 474, Socorro, NM, 87801 -0474 (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology), [email protected] ooDUCKERT, Audrey R., One Maplewood Terrace, Hadley, MA, 01035 (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst) DUMAS, Bethany K., English Department, 301 McClung Tower, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0430, [email protected] DURANTE, Joanne F., 7354 Greenfield Trl„ Chesterland, OH, 44026-2913 DUSSERE, David, 11117 Cutbank Church Road, McKenney, VA, 23872-2411 EASTON, Robert, The Henry Higgins of Hollywood Inc., 11102 Blix St., Toluca Lake, CA, 91602 EBLE, Connie C., English Department, CB# 3520 Greenlaw Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3520, [email protected] EDWARDS, Walter F„ Graduate School, 4300 Faculty Admin. Bldg., Wayne State University, Detroit, Ml, 48202 EHLEN, Patrick J., 201 Fort Washington Ave. # 62, New York, NY, 10032 EICHHOFF, Juergen, Department of German, The Pennsylvania State University, 305 Burrowes Building, State College, PA, 16802-6203, [email protected] 'ELLIOTT, Nancy Carol, 91 Morton St. Apt. 17, Ashland, OR, 97520 (Indiana Univ.) ELLIS, Michael, English Department, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65804 ESCURE, Genevieve, Department of English, 207 Lind Hall, University of Minnesota, 207 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0134 ESKIN, Eden Force, 237 East 20 St. Apt. 6H, New York, NY, 10003-1809 ~ESLING, John H., Dept, of Linguistics, Univ. of Victoria, P.O. Box 3045, Victoria B.C., V8W 3P4, Canada ESTRADA F., Zarina, Depto. Humanidades, Apdo. Postal 793, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora, Mexico FABER, Alice, Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown St., New Haven, CT, 06511-6695 FALLON, Paul D., 1813 Genther Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22401-5297, [email protected] FARIES, Rachel B., 3 Monterey PI., Alton, IL, 62002-6740 (Alton High School) ~FEAGIN, Crawford, 2312 North Upton St., Arlington, VA, 22207 °°FEHL, Alfred P., 23141 Raven Rock Rd., Smithsburg, MD, 21783 (Hagerstown Jr. College) FENYVESI, Anna, JATE English Dept., Szeged, Egyetem u. 2., H-6722 Hungary, [email protected] FERNANDEZ, Joseph A., Avda. Fanals 30 “El Narcea’’, 17250 Playa de Aro, Gerona, Spain (East Carolina Univ., emer.) FERRE, Barbara M., Dept, of English, Linguistic Atlas, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-6205 ooFINEGAN, Edward, Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 FINKEL, David, 251 West Broadway St., Shelbyville, IN, 46176-1101, [email protected] FINNEY, Joseph C., 11561 Spur Road, Monterey, CA, 93940-6621 (Finney Institute for the Study of Human Behavior), [email protected]

NADS 29.1 M a y 1996 /13 DIRECTORY V FISIAK, Jacek, School of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-874 Poznan, Poland FITZ-SIMONS, T.B., 710 Mote Road, Carrollton, GA, 30117-9342 (West Georgia College) FLANIGAN, Beverly O., Dept, of Linguistics, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701-2979 FLYNN, Margaret, 26 Yacht Club Cove, Staten Island, NY, 10308-3531 FOLEY, Lawrence M., English Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807 FORTINSKY, Jerome S., 375 S. End Ave. Apt. 35-M, New York, NY, 10280-1086 FOX, Cynthia A., Dept, of French Studies, Humanities 236, State Univ. of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY, 12222 FRIES, Peter H., Box 310, Mt. Pleasant, Ml, 48804 (Central Michigan University) ‘ FUKAYA, Teruhiko, 3767 Clarington Ave. #440, Los Angeles, CA, 90034 (Univ. of Southern California), [email protected] FULLER, Janet M„ Linguistics Dept., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901-4517, [email protected] FULLER, Judith W., Department of English, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W. College Ave., St. Peter, MN, 56082-1498, [email protected] FURTNEY, John R., 1101-A Troy Towers, Bloomfield, NJ, 07003 GABROVSEK, Dusan, Einspielerjeva 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia GARCfA-BERMEJO GINER, Maria F., Cuesta del Carmen 27-33, 6s G, 37002 Salamanca, Spain (Univ. de Salamanca), [email protected] GARNER, Bryan A., LawProse, Inc., Sterling Plaza, 5949 Sherry Lane Suite 1280, Dallas, TX, 75225-8008 (LawProse, Inc.) GASQUE, Thomas J., English Department, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069-2390, [email protected] GATES, J. Edward, 28 Beach Rd., Ware, MA, 01082-9383 (Indiana State Univ., emer.) GIBBENS, Elizabeth, 2450 Virginia Ave. NW # E108, Washington, DC, 20037 §GILBERT, Glenn G., 166 Union Grove Road, Carbondale, IL, 62901-7687 (Southern Illinois Univ.), [email protected] GILMAN, E. Ward, 7 Lowell Ave., Westfield, MA, 01085-3442 (Merriam-Webster Inc.), [email protected] GILMER, Paul, American Embassy Managua, Unit 2709, Box 6, APO, AA, 34021 GLOWKA, Arthur W., Department of English and Speech, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, 31061, [email protected] 'GORDON, Matthew J., 2126 Pauline Blvd. # 204, Ann Arbor, Ml, 48103 (Univ. of Michigan), [email protected] GREEN, Archie, 224 Caselli Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94114-2323 GREEN, Eugene, 15 Russell Street, Brookline, MA, 02146 "GREGORY, Elizabeth, 111C Reed McDonald Bldg., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2112, [email protected] GRISSOM, Brad, 2024 New Orleans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40505-2526 (Library, Univ. of Kentucky), [email protected] §GUNN, John, English Department, University of Sydney, Sydney N.S.W. 2006, Australia HABICK, Timothy, 116 E. Laurel Ave., Cheltenham, PA, 19012 (Educational Testing Service), [email protected] HALEY, Ken, Rt. 1 Box 135, Waller, TX, 77484 (Prairie View A&M Univ.) HALL, Joan H., 2724 Regent Street, Madison, Wl, 53705 (DARE), [email protected] HAMBARSSOOMIAN, Haykaz, PO Box 36248, Los Angeles, CA, 90036-0248 "HAMILTON, Anne-Marie, 655 E. Campus Rd. #39, Athens, GA, 30605 (Univ. of Georgia), [email protected] HANDSCOMBE, R. J., Dept, of English York Univ. Glendon College, 2275 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M6, Canada HARDER, Kelsie B., English Department, Potsdam College SUNY, Potsdam, NY, 13676-2294 HARMON, Mary R., Department of English, Saginaw Valley State University, 7400 Bay Road, University Center, Ml, 48710 HARNICK-SHAPIRO, David B., 14252 Avenue Mendocino, Irvine, CA, 92606 (Univ. of California, Irvine), [email protected] HARRIS, Barbara P., Univ. of Victoria Dept, of Linguistics, P.O. Box 3045, Victoria B.C., V8W 3P4, Canada , [email protected] HARRIS, Dolores R., 1518 R Street NW, Washington, DC, 20009 HARRIS, Marion O., 14 Oak St., Morristown, NJ, 07960-5240 (Bellcore) HARRIS, Patricia Harn, 202 West Broadway, Columbia, MO, 65203-3304 HARTMAN, James W., English Department, 3116 Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-2115 ooHATTERY, Carl M„ 13002 Monroe Ave., Fort Washington, MD, 20744-2959 HAWKES M.D., P.H.R., 19 Bassett St., New Britain, CT, 06051 "HAZEN, Kirk, 5408 Fairmead Cir., Raleigh, NC, 27613-7804 (North Carolina State Univ.), [email protected] HEACOCK, Paul, Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th St. 7th floor, New York, NY, 10011-4211 ~HEAD, Brian F., ICLH, Universidade do Minho, Largo do Paco, 4710 Braga, Portugal (State Univ. of New York), [email protected] HENDERSON, Michael M.T., Linguistics Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-2140, mrnth© ukans.edu HERSHEY-MILLER, Sadelle, 75 Henry St. Box 227, Brooklyn Hts., NY, 11201-1701 HICKERSON, Joseph C., 43 Philadelphia Ave., Takoma Park, MD, 20912-4338 (Library of Congress) HIGGINS, Worth J., PO Box 838, Waldo, FL, 32694-0838 HIRVONEN, Pekka A., Dept, of English, Univ. of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, SF-80101 Joensuu, Finland HOAR, Nancy, PO Box 276, Haydenville, MA, 01039 (Western New England College) HOFFMAN, Melvin J., Department of English, State University College, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY, 14222 HOLM, John A., 117 West 13th Street, 34, New York, NY, 10011 (Hunter College, CUNY)

141 NA D S 29.1 J a n u a r y 1997 DIRECTORY HOMA, Harry, 280 Riverside Dr. Apt. 6H, New York, NY, 10025-9021 (West Side High School, Manhattan, retired) 'HONOROF, Douglas N., 161 Mansfield St., New Haven, CT, 06511-3536 (Yale Univ. and Haskins Laboratories), honorof @ haskins.yale.edu HORVATH, Barbara M., Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia. [email protected] •HORVATH, Vera, 1500 S. Wall Apt. 134-12, Carbondale, IL, 62901 HOUCK, Charles L., 615 N. Kylewood Dr., Muncie, IN, 47304 (Ball State Univ.) §HOWARD, Martha C., 360 Mulberry Street, Morgantown, WV, 26505 (West Virginia University, emer.) HOWARD, Rebecca Moore, PO Box 596, Earlville, NY, 13332 (Colgate University), [email protected] «>HOWELL IV, Edgar C„ Kuttenkauler Weg 8, 53797 Lohmar, Germany HUBER, Richard M., Suite 926, 2950 Van Ness St. NW, Washington, DC, 20008 HUDSON, Barbara Hill, English Dept., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, 15705-1094 HUFF, Lorrie, 2301 Santiago Dr., Newport Beach, CA, 92660 HULL, Alexander, 2318 Prince St., Durham, NC, 27707-1431 (Duke Univ.) ’ HYSMITH, Stephanie J., 14474 Rankin Rd., Shade, OH, 45776 (Ohio Univ.) "IKEMIYA, Tsuneko, 5-6-20 Higashi, Tomigaoka, Nara City 631, Japan (Tezugayama University) °°INOUE, Fumio, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 4-51-21, Nishigahara 4-chome, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114, Japan IRONS, Terry L., Dept, of English, Foreign Langs, and Philosophy, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, 40351-1689 IRWIN, Betty J., English Department, Park Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-6205 "JACKSON, Sarah Evelyn, 1836 Silver Hill Rd., Stone Mountain, GA, 30087-2213 (Georgia Inst, of Technology, emer.) JAVOR, George, Department of Foreign Languages, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Ml, 49855 JOCHNOWITZ, George, 54 East 8th Street, New York, NY, 10003 (College of Staten Island) JOHNSON, Edith Trager, 951 Cocopah Drive, Santa Barbara, CA, 93110-1204 (San Jose State University, emer.) JOHNSON, Ellen, Dept, of English, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-3576, [email protected] §JOHNSON, Falk S., 7624 Maple Street, Morton Grove, IL, 60053 (Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, emer.) JOHNSON, Jean L„ 122 Cedarcrest Drive, Florence, AL, 35630 (Univ. of North Alabama) JOHNSTON, Ann L., Tidewater Community College, 1700 College Crescent, Virginia Beach, VA, 23456 JOHNSTONE, Barbara, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4227 §JONES, Morgan E„ 6 Lincoln Place, New Paltz, NY, 12561 JONES, Samuel Marion, Music and Latin American Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 122 Shepard Terrace, Madison, Wl, 53705-3614, smjonesl @facstaff.wisc.edu •JUENGLING, C. Fritz, 1234 Ray PI., St. Paul, MN, 55108 (Univ. of Minnesota), juenOOOl ©gold.tc.umn.edu "KAGEMOTO, Fumio, 5-13-20 Komagabayashi-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe-shi, 653, Japan KARSTADT, Angela, 3731 Washburn Ave. N., Minneapolis, MN, 55412-1820 (Univ. of Minnesota) KASSIRER, Karen J., 132 W. 72nd St. #2A, New York, NY, 10023 "KATO, Kazuo, Iwate Medical University, 16-1 Honcho-dori 3-chome, Morioka-shi 020, Japan KAWAKAMI, Michio, 1-10 Hamaura, Chofu, Shimonoseki City 752, Japan ~KAWASE, Taketoshi, 3-9-7-404 Wakagi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174, Japan, [email protected] *KELTY, Daniel, 750 Silvers Rd., St. Peters, MO, 63776 (Univ. of Kansas) "KEY, Mary Ritchie, Dept, of Linguistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-5100 KIESLING, Scott F., University of Sydney, Department of Linguistics, Sydney NSW 2005, Australia, skiesling @ guvax.georgetown.edu KIM M.D., Chansoo, 39 Glen Eagle Drive, Springfield, IL, 62704 KING, William, 8252 N. Northern Ave. Apt. 2101, Tucson, AZ, 85704-4638 (Univ. of Arizona), [email protected] KIRK, JohnM..School of English, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 INN, Northern Ireland, [email protected] KIRWIN, William J., 7 Rodney St., St. John’s, Nfld., A1B 3B3, Canada (Memorial University of Newfoundland, emer.), [email protected] §KLAMMER, Enno, 1553 Chukar Ct. NW, Salem, OR, 97304-2001 (Eastern Oregon State Coll., emer.) KLEPARSKI, Grzegorz A., English Dept., Catholic Univ., Al. Raclawickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland KLINGLER, Tom, Dept, of French and Italian, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, [email protected] KNIGHT, Dudley, Department of Drama, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2775 KNUTSEN, Charles J., 249 Yetman Ave., Staten Island, NY, 10307 KONTRA, Miklos, Linguistics Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1250 Budapest, P.O. Box 19, Hungary, [email protected] KOTEWALL QC, Robert G., 117 New Henry House, 10 Ice House Street, Hong Kong KRAHN, Albert E., 412 N. Pinecrest, Milwaukee, WI, 53208 (Milwaukee Area Technical College), krahna® milwaukee.tec.wi.us KRETZSCHMAR Jr., William A., English Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-6205, [email protected] KREVER, Horace, Court of Appeal for Ontario, Osgoode Hall, 130 Queen St. West, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N5, Canada KRIPKE, Madeline, 317 West 11th Street, New York, NY, 10014 (Bookseller) "KUMAGAI, Yasuo, 2-4 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174, Japan (National Language Research Institute) §KYTE, Elinor C., 1230 West Saturn Way, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001 (Northern Arizona Univ., emer.) LABOV, William, 2048 Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19103-5621 (Univ. of Pennsylvania)

NADS 29.1 M a y 1996 / 15 DIRECTORY LAEV, Talvi, St. Martin's Press, 345 Park Avenue South, New York, NY, 10010-1707, [email protected] LANCE, Donald M., 2200-F Bushnell Dr., Columbia, MO, 65201 -8618 (Univ. of Missouri, emer.), engdl @showme.missouri.edu LANDAU, Sidney I., Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th St., New York, NY, 10011-4211 LANE, Lisa Ann, Germanics, Univ. of Michigan, 3110 Modern Languages Building, 812 E. Washington, Ann Arbor, Ml, 48109- 1275, [email protected] LANEHART, Sonja L., Department of English, 254 Park Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-6205 LARMOUTH, Donald W., Communication and the Arts, TH-331, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wl, 54311-7001 LARSEN, Vernon S., 787 Lemos Avenue, Salinas, CA, 93901-1252 LATTEY, Elsa, Sem. fur Englische Philologie, Universitat Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 50, 72074 Tubingen, Germany LAUINGER, Ann, 34 Hudson St., Ossining, NY, 10562 (Sarah Lawrence Coll.) LAWSON, Edwin D., 23 Westerly Drive, Fredonia, NY, 14063-1605 (State Univ. of New York, Fredonia), [email protected] LAZARATON, Anne, 5835 Stream Pond Ct., Centreville, VA, 20120 LeCOMPTE Jr., Nolan P., Vice President Academic Affairs, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2002, Thibodaux, LA, 70310 LEE, Margaret G., 18 Pirates Cove, Hampton, VA, 23669 (Hampton Univ., Indiana Univ. of Pennsylvania), [email protected] LEGAULT, Suzanne Ramey, 2011 Que Street NW, Washington, DC, 20009 (Towson State Univ.), legault [email protected] LEHMANN, Winfred P., 3800 Eck Lane, Austin, TX, 78734-1613 (Univ. of Texas) LERUD, Theodore K., Dept, of English, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL, 60126-3296 'LESTER, Brenda K., 943 Spring St., Macon, GA, 31201 (Georgia Coll. & State Univ.), [email protected] LEWIS, Brian, 1185 Wildwood Road, Boulder, CO, 80303-5647 (Germanic Lgs., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder) "LIGHT, Deanna, 9801 Gorman Rd., Laurel, MD, 20723 (Catholic Univ.) 'LILLIE, Diane D., 666 Wymount Terrace, Provo, UT, 84604-2036 (Brigham Young Univ.), [email protected] ~LINN, Michael D., Linguistics Program, 420 Humanities Building, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812-2496, [email protected] LI PSKI, John M., Dept, of Spanish and Portuguese, 235 Ortega Hall, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-1146, [email protected] LONG, Danny, 6-6-37-404Yoshida, Higashi-Osaka-shi, Osaka 578, Japan (OsakaShoin Women’s College), dlong @ joho.osaka- shoin.ac.jp LONG, Richard A., 883 Edgewood Ave. SE, Inman Park, Atlanta, GA, 30307 (Emory Univ.) LOUDEN, Mark L., Department of Germanic Languages, University of Texas, E.P. Schoch 3.102, Austin, TX, 78712-1190 LOVEN, Bjorn S., Radarvagen 11, 18361 Taby, Sweden LUCAS, Ceil, Dept, of ASL, Linguistics and Interpretation, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, 20002-3695, [email protected] LUTZ, William, Department of English, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, [email protected] LYON, Andrew C., c/o Doyle, 12515 Swan Canyon Place, San Diego, CA, 92131-3545 MACAULAY, Ronald K.S., 317 West 7th St., Claremont, CA, 91711 (Pitzer College) MacDONALD, Pamela, 4588 Scott Hollow Rd., Culleoka, TN, 38451 MACHONIS, Peter A., Dept, of Modern Languages, Florida International Univ., University Park, Miami, FL, 33199 MACKAY, Carolyn J., Dept, of English, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306-0460 MacLEISH, Andrew, 4141 Aldrich Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN, 55409 (Univ. of Minnesota, emer.) MANNING, Alan D., Dept, of Linguistics 2129 JKH B, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602 MARTIN, Charles B., Department of English, University of North Texas, PO Box 13827, Denton, TX, 76203-3827 MARTINEZ, Elizabeth A., 413 Clayton Dr., Charleston, SC, 29414 (College of Charleston) MATTESON, Marianna Merritt, Dept, of Foreign Langs. & Lits., Washington State University, PO Box 642610, Pullman, WA, 99164-2610 MATTHEWS, MaryBeth, 7926 Cypress Lake Drive, Sarasota, FL, 34243 MAYNOR, Natalie, Department of English, Mississippi State University, Drawer E, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, maynor@ ra.msstate.edu McARTHUR, Lewis L„ 4154 S.W. Tualatin Ave., Portland, OR, 97201 ooMcDAVID, Virginia G., Ogden Dunes Box 669, 9 Beach Lane Court, Portage, IN, 46368-1009 (Chicago State Univ., emer.), [email protected] McGILLIVRAY, Donald G„ 63 Glendale Ave., Ottawa, Ont., K1S 1W5, Canada McGOFF, Michael F., 3792 Sally Piper Road, Endwell, NY, 13760 (State U. of New York at Binghamton), [email protected] McGOWAN, Joseph, Department of English, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110-2492, [email protected] 'McGUINNESS, Barbara A., 83 Laurel St., Longmeadow, MA, 01106 (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst) MclLWAIN, Gloria E., 760 Cole Street, San Francisco, CA, 94117-3912 McKEAN, Erin M., 2512 W. Medill, Apt. 3, Chicago, IL, 60647 (Scott Foresman Dictionary Dept.), [email protected], emm2 @ midway.uchicago.edu McKINZEY, Rima Elkin, 555 Pierce St. Apt. 701, Albany, CA, 94706-1003, [email protected] 'McNAIR, Elizabeth, 25 Guinn St., Marietta, GA, 30060 §MENZEL, Peter, Allee RomantiqUe, F-11700 Montbrun/Corb, France, [email protected]

16 /NADS 29.1 January 1997 DIRECTORY METCALF, Allan A., English Department, MacMurray College, Jacksonville, IL, 62650-2590, [email protected] MEYER, Charles F., Dept, of English, Univ. of Massachusetts at Boston, Harbor Campus, Boston, MA, 02125, [email protected] MEYERS, Miriam, 2000 W. 21st St., Minneapolis, MN, 55405 (Metropolitan State Univ.), [email protected] MILES, Edwin A., 2645 Alta Glen Drive, Birmingham, AL, 35243 (Univ. of Houston, emer.) MILIC, Louis T., Dictionary Society of North America, RT-937, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2403, [email protected] §MILLER, Mary R., 2825 - 29th Place N.W., Washington, DC, 20008-3501 (Univ. of Maryland, emer.) MINKOVA, Donka, Department of English, UCLA, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1530 MISAWA /Oobei Bunka Ken, Mr., Bunka Womens Univ 3 2 1, Jousuiminami Cho Kodiara Shi, Tokyo MZ, Japan MISH, Frederick C., Merriam-Webster Inc., 47 Federal Street, P.O. Box 281, Springfield, MA, 01102 §MITCHELL, Eleanor R., 3794 Summer Lane, Huntsville, TX, 77340-8945 (Sam Houston State Univ.) MIZUTANI, Osamu, National Language Research Institute, 3-9-14 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan 'MONTAGUE, Dawn, Department of English, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306-0460 MONTGOMERY, Michael B., Department of English, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, [email protected] MOORE, Cynthia L., Attorney at Law, 2717 North Fillmore St., Arlington, VA, 22207, [email protected] MORRILL, Duncan E„ 19 Old Kings Road, Merrimack, NH, 03054-4217 MORRIS, Evan, 23 W. 82nd St. Apt. 4D, New York, NY, 10024, wordsl @interport.net MORTON, Herbert C., 7106 Laverock Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20817-4734 MORZINSKI, Mary, POB 548, Wisconsin Rapids, Wl, 54495 (Univ. of Wisconsin-La Crosse) MUELLER, Erik T., PO Box 1007, Planetarium Station, New York, NY, 10024-0547, [email protected] MUFWENE, Salikoko S., Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago, 1010 East 59th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, s- mufwene @ uchicago.edu MURPHY, M. Lynne, Department of English, Baylor University, PO Box 97404, Waco, TX, 76798-7404, M_Lynne_Murphy @ baylor.edu °°MURRAY, Thomas E., Dept, of English, Kansas State University, Denison Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506-0701, [email protected] °°MURTO, Richard B., Takagi-cho 3-22-19, Kokubunji-shi 185, Japan MUSCHELL, David, Department of English and Speech, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, 31061 -0490 MYACHINSKAYA, Elvira I., English Department, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia MYERS-SCOTTON, Carol, Linguistics Program c/o English, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, [email protected] °°NAGAI, Yoshimi, 2-10, Honkomagome 4-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan °°NAGASE, Jiro, 4572-10 Akiya, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken 240-01, Japan (Dept, of Literature, Senshu University) §NASH, Rose, 1290 Northwood Rd. No. 161-B, Seal Beach, CA, 90740-7108 (Univ. of Puerto Rico, emer.), rosenash @ worldnet.att.net §NETSKY M.D., Martin G., I l l Fleet Landing Blvd., Atlantic Beach, FL, 32333-4591 (Vanderbilt Univ.) NEUFELDT, Victoria E., 30 Churchill St., Springfield, MA, 01108-2019 (Merriam-Webster) §NEUFFER, Irene, 4532 Meadowood Rd., Columbia, SC, 29206 (Univ. of South Carolina, emer.) NICHOLS, Patricia C., 1430 Westmont Ave., Campbell, CA, 95008 (San Jose State Univ.) NICOLAISEN, Wilhelm F. H., Dept, of English / Taylor Building, King’s College, Old Aberdeen AB9 2UB, Scotland §NIEDZIELSKI, Henry, 2425 W. Orange Ave., Anaheim, CA, 92804-3447 NIGRO, Marie A., 1381 Kirkland Ave., West Chester, PA, 19380-1331 (Lincoln Univ.), [email protected] NUESSEL, Frank, Modern Languages, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292 NUNNALLY, Thomas, Dept, of English, 9030 Haley Center, Auburn University, Auburn University, AL, 36849-5203, Nunn.auducvax.bitnet NYLVEK, Judith A., 2434 Sutton Rd., Victoria B.C., V8N 1J2, Canada (Univ. of Victoria) ooOISHI, Itsuo, 7 Saruhashi-machi, Otsuki-shi, Yamanashi-ken 409-06, Japan ORD, Priscilla A., P.O. Box 920, Farmville, VA, 23901-0920 (Longwood College) OSBURG, Barbara, 18 Marshall Place, St. Louis, MO, 63119-2321 PAGE, E.R., 3545 Jamison Way # 122, Castro Valley, CA, 94546 PAIKEDAY, Thomas M., Lexicographer, Penguin Canadian Dictionary, 1776 Chalkdene Grove, Mississauga Ont., L4W 2C3, Canada PARTIN, Allyn, 1775 Seventh St., San Fernando, CA, 91340-1604 PATRICK, Peter L., Linguistics Dept. Box 571051, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057-1051, ppatrick @ guvax.georgetown.edu PEARSONS, Enid, 145 Sixth Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11217-3521 (Random House), [email protected] PEDERSON, Lee, 1364 Springdale Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30306-2419 (Emory Univ.) PERANTEAU, Paul M., John Benjamins North America, PO Box 27519, Philadelphia, PA, 19118-0519 PERLMAN M.D., Sidney, 19Timrod Rd., West Hartford, CT, 06107-1139 “PEZZINO, Susan, 1130 N. Dearborn Pkwy Apt. 1405, Chicago, IL, 60610-2743 (Univ. of Illinois, Chicago) PHILLIPS, Betty S., 62 Briarwood Dr., Terre Haute, IN, 47803 (Indiana State Univ.)

NADS 29.1 M ay 1996 /17 DIRECTORY §PHILLIPS, Jean McCabe, 11341 Dona Teresa Drive, Studio City, CA, 91604 (UCLA) PICKETT, Joseph, Senior Lexicographer, Houghton Mifflin Co., 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA, 02116-3764, [email protected] PICKETT, Penelope O., 601 Marcia Lane, Rockville, MD, 20851 POPE, Mike, 25305 Cox Road, Petersburg, VA, 23803-6507 (Virginia State Univ.) POPIK, Barry A., 225 East 57th St., Suite 7P, New York, NY, 10022 (Attorney at Law), [email protected] **PORTER, Trevor, Box 144, Porterville, NF, AOG 3A0, Canada (Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland), [email protected] POTEET, Lewis J., 604 les Erables, Laval, Quebec, H7R 1B6, Canada (Concordia Univ.) PRATT, Terry K., Department of English, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown P.E.I., C IA 4P3, Canada PRESTON, Dennis R., 4409 Copperhill Dr., Okemos, Ml, 48864-2067 (Michigan State Univ.), [email protected] PROTOMASTRO, Mary Beth, 15 West 72nd St. Apt. 9K, New York, NY, 10023 (Copy Editor newsletter) PULLIAM, Greg, 946 S. Wesley #R, Oak Park, IL, 60304 (Illinois Institute of Technology), [email protected] RADER, James, 49 Manhan St., Northampton, MA, 01060-4213 (Merriam-Webster), [email protected] RANDALL, Phyllis R„ 2620 University Dr., Durham, NC, 27707 (North Carolina Central Univ.) RAPHAEL, Lawrence J., 6 Longview Place, Great Neck, NY, 11021-2509 (Herbert H. Lehman College CUNY) °°RAPP, Linda Loretto, 4839 Westland, Dearborn, Ml, 48126 RAWSON, Hugh, 53 South St., Roxbury, CT, 06783 READ, Allen Walker, 39 Claremont Ave., New York, NY, 10027-6824 (Columbia Univ., emer.) REDFERN, Richard K., 1600 First Ave. West, No. 303, Bradenton, FL, 34205-6837 (Clarion Univ. of Pennsylvania, emer.) REED, David W „ 903 N. Park Ave., Bolivar, MO, 65613-1044 (Northwestern Univ., emer.) ~RICH, John Stanley, P.O. Box 2582, Aiken, SC, 29802 (Univ. of South Carolina) “ RICH, Paul J., Universidad de las Americas, Apartado Postal 100, Cholula 72820 Puebla, Mexico RICKFORD, John R., Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2150 ROBERTS, Norman F., 2273 Apoepoe St., Pearl City, HI, 96782 ROBERTS, Randy, Leonard H. Axe Library, Special Collections, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762 RODGERS, Bruce, 1135 Harrison St. # 6, Santa Clara, CA, 95050-4252 RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, F6lix, Depto. de Ingles, Univ. de Alicante, Ap. Correus, 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, [email protected] •RONKIN, Maggie, Linguistics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057 ROONEY, Kathy, Bloomsbury Publishing Pic, 38 Soho Square, London W1V5DF, England, [email protected] •ROSENBAUM, Nicole, 11727 Pendleton Ave., Yucaipa, CA, 92399 (California State Univ., San Bernardino), TomandCole @ aol .com ROSENZWEIG, Vicki, 33 Indian Road 6-R, New York, NY, 10034, vr%[email protected] ROSS, Garry, 141 Sandra St., Natchitoches, LA, 71457-7721 (Northwestern State Univ.) RUBRECHT, August, Department of English, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, Wl, 54702-4004 ~RUDIN, Catherine, Humanities Division, Wayne State College, Wayne, NE, 68787, [email protected] ~RUFFNER Jr., Frederick G., Omnigraphics, Inc., Penobscot Bldg., Detroit, Ml, 48226 RUHL, Charles, English Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529-0078 RULON, Curt M., Gifu College of Education, 2078 Takakuwa, Yanaizu-Cho, Hashima-gun, Gifu-ken 501-61, Japan RUNDQUIST, Suellen, English Dept., 106 Riverview, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301-4498, [email protected] SAFIRE, William L., The New York Times, Washington Bureau, 1627 I Street N.W., Washington, DC, 20006-4085 •SAKITA, Tomoko l„ Etowarl-Momoyama 203,62 Moori-nagato-nishimachi, Momoyama, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-shi, 612, Japan (Kyoto Univ.), [email protected] SALMONS, Joe, German Dept. Van Hise Hall, 1220 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl, 53706, [email protected] SANCHEZ, Tara Savannah, Oaza Murasaki 650-5, Futsukaichi Kyoshokuin Jutaku B-121, Chikushino-shi Fukuoka-ken 818, Japan, [email protected] "SANSKY, Kerrie M„ 5 Speare Hall, Boston, MA, 02115 (SUNY Albany) SANTA ANA, Otto, 5352 Kincheloe Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, [email protected] SASAKI, Hideki, 5-1-1-407 Asahigaoka, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204 MZ, Japan SCALA, Robert A., 506 Scarborough Ave., Rehoboth Beach, DE, 19971 SCANNAVINI, Anna, Viadei Marrucini 14, 00185 Roma, Italy (Univ. of Rome) SCHEURINGER, Hermann, University of Vienna, Institut fOr Germanistik, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien, Austria **SCHILLING-ESTES, Natalie, Dept, of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2150 “ SCHMIDT, Pamela D., Duerschnitz 2, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany SCHNEIDER, Edgar W., Universitat Regensburg, Inst, fur Anglistik, UniversitStsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, [email protected] SCHONWEITZ, Thomas, Englische Sprachwissenschaft, Universitat Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, [email protected] SCHOURUP, Lawrence, Residence Okura A407, Mibu, Fuchida-cho 12, Nakagyoku, Kyoto 604, Japan 'SCHULTZ, Melissa Gayle, 107 Asphodel Drive, Luling, LA, 70070 (Louisiana State Univ.), [email protected]

18 /NADS 29.1 J a n u a r y 1997 DIRECTORY SCOTT, Ann Martin, Department of English, University of Southwestern Louisiana, P.0 Box 44691, Lafayette, LA, 70504- 4691, [email protected] SEABURG, William R„ 2016 N.E. Ravenna Blvd., Seattle, WA, 98105 SHACKLETON, Robert, 1510 N. 12th St. #503, Arlington, VA, 22209 (Environmental Protection Agency), S hackleton. Robe rt @ epamail. epa.gov §SHAFER, Robert E., 2398 E. Camelback Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85016-9001 (Arizona State Univ., emer.) 'SHAPIRO, Eric, 1325 18th St. NW, Apt. 907, Washington, DC, 20036-6513 (Georgetown Univ.), [email protected] SHAPIRO M.D., Lewis, 239 Washburn Rd., Briarcliff Manor, NY, 10510 “ SHARPE, William D., 62 University Court, South Orange, NJ, 07079 SHEIDLOWER, Jesse T„ Random House Reference Dept., 201 East 50th St., New York, NY, 10022, [email protected] SHERIDAN, Kathleen, van Imhoffstraat 24, 2595 SE The Hague, The Netherlands (Inti. Service for National Agricultural Research), [email protected] SHIBUYA, Akihisa, 1581-16 Ozenji, Asaoku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa215, Japan, [email protected] SHIELDS Jr., Kenneth, 3155 Grande Oak Place, Lancaster, PA, 17601 (Millersville State College), kshields @ marauder.millersv.edu §SHORES, David L., 4600 Crystalwood Court, Virginia Beach, VA, 23464 (Old Dominion Univ., emer.) SHORT, C. Steven, P.O. Box 488, Glenbrook, NV, 89413-0488 SHULMAN, David, c/o St. Nicholas Home, 425 Ovington Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11209-1504 SHUY, Roger W., 629 Beverly Ave., Missoula, MT, 59801-5919 SIBATA, Takesi, 2-6-5 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan SIMON, Beth Lee, CM 109, Dept, of English and Linguistics, Indiana Univ./Purdue Univ.-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805- 1499, [email protected] SIMONS, H.D., Education Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1670 SIMPSON, Dagna, 9517 Cleveland St., Crown Point, IN, 46307-2020 §SINNEMA, John R., 7241 Baldwin Reserve Dr., Middleburg Heights, OH, 44130-5668 (Baldwin-Wallace College, emer.) SIRAGUSA, Richard D., 721 North Mayflower Rd., Lake Forest, IL, 60045 SKLAR, Elizabeth S„ 904 Olivia, Ann Arbor, Ml, 48104 (Wayne State Univ.) SLEDD, James H., Box 5311, Austin, TX, 78763-5311 (Univ. of Texas, emer.) SLEDGE, Mailande Cheney, 305 Demopolis St., Greensboro, AL, 36744 (Marion Military Institute, retired) SLOTKIN, Alan R„ Department of English, Tennessee Technological University, Box 5053, Cookeville, TN, 38505, ARS7950 @ tntech.edu SMITH, Grant W., Department of English, MS-25, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, 99004, [email protected] SMITH, William H., English Department, Piedmont College, Demorest, GA, 30535-0010 SMITH Jr., Philip H., 20 John Street East, Waterloo, Ontario, N2J 1E7, Canada SMITHERMAN, Geneva, Department of English, 221 Morrill Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml, 48824-1036 SOCKWELL, Sandra M., 7410 Knollwood, Florence, AL, 35630 (Univ. of Alabama) SOUTHARD, Bruce, English Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858-4353, [email protected] SOUTHERLAND, R.H., 44-5400 DalhousieDr. NW, Calgary Alberta, T3A2B4, Canada (Univ. of Calgary), http://www.ucalgary.ca/ -southed/ “ SPEARS, Richard A., 807 Surrey Lane, Glenview, IL, 60025 (NTC Publishing Group) “ SPODICK M.D., David H., 17 Franklin Circle, Northborough, MA, 01532 (Univ. of Mass. Medical School) SPORE, Harlan, 3507 E. Washington # 63, North Little Rock, AR, 72114-6455 STACZEK, John J., 1615 E. Le Marche Ave., Phoenix, AZ, 85022-3359 (Georgetown Univ.) STALKER, James C„ Department of English, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml, 48824-1036 STEINER, Roger J., Dept, of Linguistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716-2551 "STELLE, Brenda M., 1003 Park St., Delphos, OH, 48533 (Indiana Univ./Purdue Univ.-Fort Wayne), BStellel ©aol.com STEPHENS, Thomas M., Dept, of Spanish and Portuguese, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903-0270, tstephns @ rci .rutgers.edu STOCKWELL, Robert P., 4000 Hayvenhurst Ave., Encino, CA, 91436-3850 (UCLA), [email protected] STYGALL, Gail, English, Box 35-4330, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-4330, stygall @u.washington.edu SUBLETTE, Jack R., 104 Skylark Drive, Enterprise, AL, 36330-1547 (Troy State Univ. at Dothan) SUGIYAMA, Mr., Fukuoka Women's College, Kashii, Fukuoka City 813 MZ, Japan SULLIVAN, Jim, 208 Reardon St. East, Midland, Ml, 48640 (Saginaw Valley State Univ.) SUTHERLAND, Fraser, 39 Helena Ave., Toronto Ontario, M6G 2H3, Canada “ TABBERT, Russell, Editing and Writing Services, 9 College Park Road, Grinnell, IA, 50112 TAGLIAMONTE, Sali, Dept, of Languages & Linguistic Science, University of York , Heslington, York, YOI 5DD, United Kingdom (Univ. of York, Univ. of Ottawa), [email protected] TAKAHASHI, Sakutaro, 5-1-1-301 Hakusan, Asao-ku, Kawasaki 215, Japan “ TANNEN, Deborah F., Linguistics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057-1067 'TAYLOR, Christine Palmer, 75 Dwight Road, Springfield, MA, 01108-3448 (Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst) TAYLOR, William, 706 Maple Dr„ Talladega, AL, 35160-2828 (Talladega Coll.)

NADS 29.1 M ay 1996 / 19 DIRECTORY TERASAWA, Yoshio, 5-8-5 Maeharacho Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan THOMAS, Erik R., Dept, of English, Box 8105, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8105, ethomas @ social. chass .ncsu.edu THOMAS, Irene D., PO Box 1511, Sebastopol, CA, 95473-1511, [email protected] THORBURN, J. Alexander, 602 Susan Drive, Hammond, LA, 70403-3444 (Southeastern Louisiana Univ., emer.) THORNHILL, P.G., 330 Second St., Newmarket Ont., L3Y 3W6, Canada ■"TINKLER, John, Department of English, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, 37402 ‘TOLEDO, Laura, 1058 East Norris Place, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102 (Univ. of Utah), [email protected] TORGOMAN, Mary Pearsall, 214 - 31st St., Des Moines, IA, 50312 TORRANS, Anne, Communications Dept., LSU-S, 1 University Place, Shreveport, LA, 71115-2399 (Louisiana State Univ., Shreveport) TOTTIE, Gunnel, Englisches Seminar University Zurich, Plattenstrasse 47, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland TROIKE, Rudolph C., Dept, of English, Modern Languages Bldg. #67, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 TRUDGILL, P. J., Department of English, BFSH 2, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland UNDERWOOD, Gary N., Department of English, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712-1164 URDANG, Laurence, 4 Laurel Hts., Old Lyme, CT, 06371 (Verbatim) UTAKIS, Sharon, 1206 Main St., Alamosa, CO, 81101 (Adams State Coll.) VADLA, Ingvar, Adiandslio 26, 5400 Stord, Norway van GELDEREN, Elly, English Department, Arizona State University, Box 870302, Tempe, AZ, 85287-0302 ~van LEUNEN, Mary-Claire, 15600 NE 8th St. B1-162, Bellevue, WA, 98008-3917 Van NESS, Silke, Germanic and Slavic HU 216, State Univ. of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY, 12222, SV478 @ CNSVAX.ALBANY.edu Van RIPER, Mrs. William R., 1125 Magnolia Wood Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808 Van VLIET, E. Richie, PO Box 269, Lima, NY, 14485-0269 (State Univ. of New York, Geneseo) VETTER, George, Vetter & White, 20 Washington Place, Providence, Rl, 02903, [email protected] VIERECK, Wolfgang, University Bamberg, Englische Sprachwissenschaft, An der University 9,96045 Bamberg, Germany °°von SCHNEIDEMESSER, Luanne, 3555 Tally Ho Lane, Madison, Wl, 53705-2126 (DARE), [email protected] WACHAL, Robert S., Linguistics - EPB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1A, 52242, [email protected] WAKSLER, Rachelle, English Dept. Linguistics Program, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94132-1722, [email protected] WALKER, Neil, Ontario Sec. School Teachers’ Fed., 60 Mobile Drive, Toronto Ontario, M4A 2P3, Canada WALTERS, Keith, Department of Linguistics, Cal 501, University of Texas, 164 West 17th Ave., Austin, TX, 78712-1196, [email protected] WALTON, Gerald W„ Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 WATKINS, Donald, Linguistics Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-2140 ooWEBER, Rose-Marie, Reading Dept. ED 333, Univ. at Albany - SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222 WEDEMA, A.C., Gorterlaan 4, 9752 GJ Haren, Netherlands (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) WHITCOMB, Kelly, 781 Humer St., Enola, PA, 17025-2623 (Millersville Univ.) WHITE, Lorraine I., HQ EUCOM, Unit 30400, Box 164, APO, AE, 09128 WILLIAMS, Greg, 21 Lorraine Gardens, Islington, Ont., M9B 4Z5, Canada WILLIAMS, Patrice D., PO Box 230636, Montgomery, AL, 36123-0636 WINER, Lise, Dept, of Education, McGill Univ., 3700 McTavish St., Montreal Quebec, H3A 1Y2. Canada WOLFRAM, Walt, Dept, of English, North Carolina State Univ., Box 8105, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8105, wolfram @ social.chass.ncsu.edu WOOD, Alden S., 140 Charles St., Reading, MA, 01867-1826 (Simmons Coll.), [email protected] WOOLF, Henry B., 45 - 528 Willow Street, Springfield, MA, 01103-1902 YAMADA, Masayoshi, 993-1 Yu-machi Tamayu-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane 699-02, Japan (Shimane Univ.) °°YERKES, David, 130 Cobble Road, PO Box 626, Salisbury, CT, 06068-0626 (Columbia Univ.) YLI-VAKKURI, Jussi, Mayratie 6 A 2, FIN-00800 Helsinki, Finland (Univ. of Helsinki) ZEIGLER, Mary Brown, 3344 River Road, Decatur, GA, 30034-4807 (Georgia State Univ.) ZERGER, Sandra, Director, Ctr. for Acad. Development, 300 E. 27th St., Bethel College, North Newton, KS, 67117-9989 ZINKIN, Vivian, 1823 Attaya Road, Lakewood, NJ, 08701-2902 (Glassboro State College) ZWICKY, Arnold M., 63 W. Beaumont Rd„ Columbus, OH, 43214 (Ohio State Univ ), Interesting Web Sites—DARE-. FUTURE ADS ANNUAL MEETINGS www.polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html with the Linguistic Society of America Interactive Linguistic Atlas, U of Georgia: • 1999, Jan. 7-10: Los Angeles, www.hyde.park.uga.edu Bonaventure. Labov, Dialect Diversity in N. America: • 2000, Jan. 6-9: Chicago, Palmer House. www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/ ICSLP4.html 20 /NADS 29.3 September 1997 BOOKS So Many Words, Honoring Labov, Dictionaries: Our New Books If you have recently published a book, send demonyms, many with explanations. Exten­ pertinent information to Executive Secretary sive discussions of some words, including Allan Metcalf (address on cover), and w e ’ll hoosier. Based in part on original research in mention it here. the Tamony Collection and elsewhere. David K. Barnhart and Allan A. John Samuel Kenyon. American Pronun­ M etcalf. America in So Many Words. ciation. 12th ed., expanded by Donald M. Houghton Mifflin, November 1997. xii + 330 Lance and the late Stewart A. Kingsbury. pages, hardcover $18. ISBN 0-395-86020-2. George Wahr (304 1/2 S. State, Ann Arbor, ADS started choosing a Word (or phrase) of Michigan 48104), 1997. xxxviii + 399 pages, the year in 1990; these ADS members decided soft cover $35, hard cover $45; ISBN 0- to go back and choose a word for just about 911586-47-4, 1-884739-08-3. Approved by the every year in American history, starting in ADS Executive Council as a publication in the the 1600s, and for every year without excep­ ADS Centennial Series. Originally intended tion, starting in 1750. Each year’s choice is for publication in 1994 (see NADS 27.1, p. 10). fully explained; some are illustrated. Your Rose Nash. N T C ’s Dictionary of Spanish perfect holiday gift! Cognates Thematically Organized. NTC/Con- Gregory R. Guy, Crawford Feagin, temporary Publishing Company, 1997. 297 Deborah Schiffrin, and John Baugh, editors. pages, $16.95. ISBN 0-8442-7961-7. The the­ Towards a Social Science of Language: Papers matic arrangement enables users to easily in Honor o f William Labov. I (1996): Varia­ find cognates such as com puter I tion and Change in Language and Society. II computadora, famous /famoso, entertain­ (1997): Social Interaction and Discourse ment! entretenimiento, and inform / informar. Structures. Current Issues in Linguistic Includes everyday vocabulary, current scien­ Theory, 127 and 128. Amsterdam, Philadel­ tific and technical terms, historical terms, phia: Benjamins. 427 and 358 pages, $89 and and political terms. Appendixes contain Brit­ $75 respectively. US/Canada: ISBN 1-55619- ish spellings, irregular English plurals, and 581-8, 1-55619-582-6. Each volume includes irregular Spanish plurals. the preface by Gregory R. Guy, the foreword Thomas M. Paikeday. The U se r ’s Webster by Michael Kac, and a bibliography of Labov’s Dictionary. Toronto and New York: Lexicog­ writings. Volume I includes articles on the raphy, Inc. 1300 pages, $5.99 (U.S.), $7.99 social organization of variation and change, (Canadian). Revised and expanded edition of the linguistic structure of variation and Paikeday’s New York Times Everyday Dictio­ change, and African-American varieties of nary (1982) with 80,000 entries, based on a English. Volume II has articles on social in­ CD-ROM database of hundreds of North teraction and discourse structures, and lan­ American publications of the 1990s. Defines guage in use: syntactic and lexical variation. words in context showing collocations, idioms, Among the authors are ADS members Peter and use of prepositions, and distinguishes Trudgill, Feagin, Peter Patrick, John synonyms by showing how they are used. For Rickford, Baugh, Barbara Horvath and Roger example, to distinguish frail and fragile: a Shuy. fragile condition, environment, toy, truce; Paul Dickson. Labels for Locals: What to fragile happiness; but o frail beauty, constitu­ Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe. tion, excuse, flower, smile, voice; frail hands, Merriam-Webster, 1997. xv + 221 pages, soft hopes,humanity; in frail health. cover $14.95. ISBN 0-87779-616-5. An alpha­ Hugh Rawson. Unwritten Laws: The Un­ betical listing of thousands of places and their official Rules of Life as Handed Down by

NADS 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 / 21 BOOKS / MEMORIAL TRIBUTES New Books by Us (Cont.) Bob Howren in Memorial Murphy and Other Sages. New York: Crown, By Ronald R. Butters 1997. xiii + 290 pages, hardcover $22. ISBN 0- I am sorry to report that Bob Howren 517-59279-7. More than 500 “laws” explained (former chair of linguistics at Univ. of North and attributed, including three of Rawson’s Carolina, Chapel Hill) died suddenly of a own, e.g.: “As soon as you dispose of a book, heart attack Friday afternoon, Sept. 5, 1997. even one that has gathered dust for years, a He had been gliding in western North Caro­ pressing need to refer to it will arise.” lina; apparently landed the glider fine, Edgar W. Schneider, ed. E n glish es stepped out, collapsed and could not be re­ Around The World: Studies In Honour Of vived. Manfred Goerlach. I: General Studies: British Those who have studied Ocracoke dialect Isles, North America. II: Caribbean, Africa, will rember that Bob wrote a landmark early Asia, Australasia. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: study on Outer Banks pronunciation: “The Benjamins, 1997. vi + 329 pp. and viii + 358 Speech of Ocracoke, N.C.,” American Speech pp., cloth $79 and $85 respectively. US/ 37 (1962): 161-75. Bob was one of my major Canada: ISBN 1 55619 449 8, 1 55619 716 0. professors at Iowa; I had my first course in The two volumes present original research dialectology from him. I owe him a lot profes­ papers written in honor of the founder and sionally. It has been wonderful having him editor of the journal English World-Wide and close by for the past many years. His w ife’s the book series Varieties of English Around (Phyllis) address is 402 Ransom St., Chapel the World. Many of the authors are ADS Hill NC 27516. members. By Robert S. Wachal Volume 1 includes contributions on South­ Bob Howren took a few of us linguists out ern U.S. English, African American Vernacu­ of the English Department here at the Uni­ lar English, Newfoundland Vernacular En­ versity of Iowa, and he single-handedly glish, and American English in a historical formed us into a free-standing department, perspective. Contributors include J. Algeo, which has grown considerably from those W.-D. Bald, J.-M. Gachelin, A.F. Gupta, K. early days, thanks to the foundation he laid. Hansen, J. Holm, J. Spencer and Ch. All of us here are enormously in his debt, and Stephan; I. Brown and K. Lenz, B. Glauser, I, his closest friend here, am devastated at J.L. Kallen, R. Macaulay, J.D. McClure, C. this loss. Milton, M. Montgomery, W. Viereck, and E. Weiner; G. Bailey, S. Clarke, P. Cukor-Avila, By Bill Davies and W.A. Kretzschmar. The Department of Linguistics at the Uni­ Volume 2 presents studies of so-called versity of Iowa would like to note with sad­ “New Englishes,” post-colonial varieties spo­ ness the death of Bob Howren this past Fri­ ken predominantly in countries of the former day (Sept. 5). British Empire. The articles are written by Known for his work on Outer Banks (North D.R. Craig; L.M. Haynes; P.L. Patrick; K. Carolina) pronunciation and Athabaskan, Shields-Brodber and L. Winer; A Banjo; V. de and his more recent interest in Yucatec Maya, Klerk; R. Meshtrie; J. Schmied and P. Silva; Bob was the moving force behind the creation R.W. Bailey; A. Gonzales; R. Begum and T. of the free-standing Department here at Iowa Kandiah; R.R. Mehrotra; P. Muehlhausler and its first chair. Those who have followed and M. Newbrook; L. Bauer; S. Butler; M. here owe him a debt of gratitude, and the Clyne; P. Peters and A. Delbridge; G. Tulloch Department mourns his loss. and G.W. Turner.

22 /NADS 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 REGIONAL MEETINGS Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting In association with RMMLA, Oct. 16—18; recordings of spontaneous speech, discussions with Denver, Executive Towers. consultants, and questionnaires. The research is carried out in Santiago, Chile; Santafe de Bogota, 4:00-5:30 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 16, Adams Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; San Juan, Puerto Room. Rico, and Mexico City, Mexico. Analysis of 34.5 1. “Dialect Survey of Utah.” Diane Lillie, hours of recordings of interactions between em­ Brigham Young Univ. ployees and with clients in the workplace shows a preference for tu in most situations, with the ex­ 2. “Children’s Acquisition of the San Luis ception of some businesses in Bogota, where a pref­ Dialect of English.” Sharon Utakis, Adams erence for usted is found. These results indicate State Coll. that the form of address depends to a great deal on The San Luis Valley in south central Colorado is the degree of solidarity between addressees, thus geographically isolated by the Sangre de Cristo supporting the notion that solidarity is becoming and San Juan mountain ranges. The Spanish of more important than power. However, there are the SLV is said to have retained some of the gram­ uses of usted to one’s boss or boss’ boss, indicating mar, vocabulary, and pronunciation of 16th-cen­ that the power semantic has not disappeared. tury Spain. Both this dialect and more recent im­ 5. “Exploring Methodologies for Investi­ ports from Mexico and other places have had a clear influence on the English of the valley. gating ‘Sweet Carbonated Beverage’ We are studying children between 2 1/2 and 5 Isoglosses in the United States.” Simonie J. years as they learn to speak the SLV dialect of Hodges, Georgetown Univ. English. We are focusing on syntactic features, in­ A variety of common words (soda, pop, coke) as cluding negation, embedded questions, and pro­ well as less familiar terms (tonic, dope) are used to noun use. We are also examining code-switching by describe a ‘sweet carbonated b ev era ge’. This study both the children and their caretakers. investigates several methods of finding the occur­ 3. “Early Theatrical African-American En­ rence of these differing lexical items, including e- mail survey, collection of naturally-occurring data glish: The Jamaica Connection.” Marianne on the Internet, and examination of telephone list­ Cooley, Univ. of Houston. ings for business names that contain one of the Although the home of the American Company of terms. An attempt to correlate the results of this Comedians was Jamaica, it was the first touring study with the results of Labov’s (1988) submarine company to present plays in the American colonies sandwich study is also made. The results support beginning in 1752, and it remained the premier previous research but also bring to light lexical theatrical troupe into the early 19th century. items and considerations not previously docu­ Three of the plays connected with the company— mented. Internet-based research complicates the The Padlock (1768), The Disappointment (1767), already difficult issues of name-brand recognition and The Y orker’s Stratagem (1792)—contain some and trademark wars (Coke), political correctness of the largest quantity of literary African-Ameri­ (dope) and survey analysis. can English in 18th-century dialogue. Since some Chair: Mary E. Morzinski, Univ. of Wis- of the dialect-speaking characters and the actors who portrayed them had connections with Ja­ consin-La Crosse. maica, the plays may have helped disseminate pid­ ADS Regional Secretary 1997-98: Grant gin and creole characteristics based on Jamaican W. Smith, English Dept., Eastern Washing­ rather than mainland African-American sources. ton Univ., Cheney WA 99004; e-mail Internal linguistic evidence and literary-cultural evidence suggest a similar conclusion. [email protected]. Registration is $55 by Oct. 7, $70 thereaf­ 4. “Forms of Address in the Commercial Spanish of Five Latin American Cities.” ter. Membership in RMMLA is $25 regular, Diane Ringer Uber, The College of Wooster. $15 student. Write RMMLA Executive Direc­ This paper analyzes Spanish forms of address tor Charles G. Davis, C-203, Boise State (tu, usted, and vos where used) in commercial set­ Univ., 1910 University Dr., Boise ID 83725; tings. Several methods of data collection are com­ phone (208) 385-1199 or (800) 824-7017, ext. bined: participant observation, overheard speech, 1199; e-mail [email protected].

NADS 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 / 23 REGIONAL MEETINGS South Central Regional Meeting In association with SCMLA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1; Dallas, Adam’s Mark Hotel. Chair: Michael R. Dressman, Dean, Coll, 5:45-7:15 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 30. of Humanities and Social Sciences, Univ. of 1. “Black English and Biblical Exegesis in Houston-Downtown. William F aulkner’s Sound and the Fury.” ADS Regional Secretary 1996-97: Charles Philip Dubuisson Castille, Louisiana Tech B. Martin, Dept, of English, Univ. of North Univ. Texas, P.O. Box 13827, Denton TX 76203- 2. “Hairdos and Medical Advice: An Analy­ 3827; phone (817) 565-2149. sis of Discourse Events at D olly’s Beauty Registration is $35 in advance, $40 on site. Shop.” Patricia Cukor-Avila, Univ. of Membership in SCMLA is $20 full professors, North Texas. $15 associate and assistant professors, $10 3. “The Nationalization of a Southemism instructors and students. Write Jo Hebert, (Vail).” Guy Bailey, Univ. of Texas, San An­ SCMLA, Dept, of English, Texas A&M Univ., tonio; Jan Tillery, Univ. of Nevada, Las Ve­ College Station TX 77843-4227; phone (409) gas; Tom Wikle, Oklahoma State Univ. 845-7041; e-mail [email protected]; 4. “Proud to Be ‘Puro T ejan o’: Culture, www. engserve. tamu. edu/files/s cmla/. Identity, and the Public Display of Lan­ Future meetings: 1998 Nov. 12-14 New Or­ guage.” Dan R. Jones, Univ. of Houston- leans, Radisson; 1999 Memphis. Downtown. Midwest Regional Meeting In association with MMLA, Nov. 6-8; Chi­ Shift, a complex vowel rotation that is currently cago, Ramada Congress Hotel. active across the northern United States. The sociolinguistic status of this shift was investigated 12:30 p.m. Friday, Nov. 7, Washington in two small towns in Michigan. The data were Room (Session 89). collected from 16 speakers in each town with equal 1. “Where Is the Midwestern Dialect Spo­ numbers of men and women from each of two age ken?” Donald M. Lance, Univ. of Missouri, groups (adolescents and middle-aged adults). The Columbia. results show significant differences between the This paper will report on the analysis of data sexes as well as between the two towns. Somewhat from a classroom exercise on perceptual dialectol­ surprisingly, no consistent difference was found ogy by students from nine states: MA, NY, PA, GA, between the adults and the adolescents. In fact, AL, OH, MO, SD, WA. They were asked to draw despite claims that the shift is a change in lines showing “the locations of dialect regions in progress, in some cases it is the older speakers who the United States.” They were also asked to “indi­ display greater usage of the innovative forms. The cate the names that are commonly used for these quantitative evidence is supplemented by a discus­ areas, or names that you would use.” This project sion of individual speakers. I will consider aspects is similar to research conducted by Dennis Preston of these speakers’ personalities and their social in the United States and by other scholars in Eu­ behavior that may provide hints to explain their rope and Japan. linguistic usage. Four major perceptions emerged regarding 3. “Linguistic Individuation and Confor­ where the students consider the Midwestern dia­ mity among Suburban Chicago Adolescents.” lect area to be located. The location of “Midwest­ Lisa Ann Lane, Univ. of Michigan, and ern” was affected by where the students perceived David Durian, Northern Illinois Univ. “Northern” and “Western” dialects to be spoken. Chambers (1995:169) labels adolescence as “the 2. “Factors Influencing the Adoption of transition to individuation.” This paper offers data Language Change.” Matthew Gordon, that highlight the complexity of the (co-) construc­ Purdue Univ. Calumet. tion and maintenance of individual and group The change examined is the Northern Cities identity among a densely knit group of suburban Chicago young adults.

24 / NADS 29.3 September 1997 REGIONAL MEETINGS Midwest Regional Meeting (Cont.) Naturally occurring conversations and inter­ Discussant and ADS Regional Secretary views were collected by one of the group members. 1997-98: Beth Lee Simon, CM 109, Dept, of As they index the construction of linguistic and cultural differences between themselves and their English and Linguistics, IPFW, Fort Wayne, parents, they also utilize their linguistic code as a IN 46805; phone (219) 424-8834; e-mail second order indexical in the constant re-negotia- [email protected]. tion of power and solidarity. The use of innovative Registration by Oct. 30 is $30 (includes 18 forms and performance voices are means by which papers), students $15 (no papers); on-site $5 both social and linguistic behavior of individual members are regulated by the group. Questions of additional. Membership in MMLA is $25 full conformity become interesting as these young and associate professors, $20 other faculty, adults adamantly strive for individuation while $15 students. Write MMLA, 302 English/Phi- they simultaneously participate in the co-construc­ losophy Bldg., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City IA tion of identity. 52242-1408; phone (319) 335-0331; e-mail Chair: W. Thomas Beckner, English [email protected]. Dept., Taylor Univ., 1025 W. Rudisill Blvd., Future meetings: 1998 Nov. 5-7 St. Louis, Fort Wayne IN 46807; e-mail Regal Riverfront Hotel; 1999 Nov. 4-6 Minne­ tm beckner@tayloru. edu. apolis, Marriott City Center. South Atlantic Regional Meeting In association with SAMLA, Nov. 13-15; painful associations with fields of poison gas and Atlanta, Westin Peachtree Plaza. torpedoed ships. 9:45-11:15 a.m. Saturday, Nov. 15. 2. “Ethnicity and Null Copula: Grammati­ 1. “The Great War, Literary Tastes, andcal, Phonological, and Sociolinguistic Consid­ Political Correctness: The Strange Case of erations.” Clare J. Dannenberg, Dept, of Charles Follen Adams, German Dialect Poet.” English, North Carolina State Univ. Geoffrey Orth, Dept, of English, Philosophy, This analysis will examine the extent to which and Modern Languages, Longwood Coll. the ethnic boundaries between populations of Afri­ Charles Follen Adams, a native New Englander can Americans, Anglo Americans, and Lumbee In­ and descendant of Samuel Adams, was a most un­ dians in Robeson County, North Carolina are re­ likely candidate to become the leading American flected in the distribution of null copula (e.g. She German dialect poet at the turn of the century, but ugly; you ugly). Other studies of this longstanding drawing on his Civil War contact with German- tri-ethnic community indicate that the Native- American soldiers, mostly Pennsylvania Dutch, he American group does not demonstrate an isomor­ became a skilled and broadly popular practitioner phic correlation with either African or Anglo of German dialect poetry. His poetry was pub­ Americans. I will show, however, that for null lished widely in major newspapers and such lead­ copula there is an alignment between the Anglo ing journals as H a rp e r’s and S crib n e r’s Monthly. American community and this Native-American After the turn of the century, however, with the variety. dawn of modernism, an increasing sophistication Aside from the greater overall frequency of null among American critics set a standard which copula for African American speakers, the three Adams’ homespun verse failed to attain. But an groups differ little with respect to its grammatical even stronger reason for his loss of popularity (at­ distribution. On the other hand, the phonological tested by sales records of Houghton Mifflin, his environment of following consonant favors null publisher) was the fallout from A m erica’s ever copula for Anglo American and Lumbee vernacular more adversarial relationship with the German speakers but not for AAVE speakers; preceding Empire. Commentaries on Adams’ death help con­ vowel proves to be insignificant for the occurrence firm his status as an early victim of political cor­ of this feature in this community, unliko other rectness: he had lost favor because the nature and studies which show the preceding canonical shape medium of his humorous dialect pieces produced to be highly influential.

NADS 29.3 Septem ber 1997/25 MEETINGS South Atlantic Regional Meeting (Cont.) 3. “A Comparative Look at the Copula in Michael Picone, Dept, of Romance Lan­ Gullah and AAVE.” Tracey L. Weldon, guages and Classics, Univ. of Alabama, Box Dept, of English, North Carolina State Univ. 870246, Tuscaloosa AL 35406-0246; e-mail This study takes a comparative look at copula [email protected]. edu. variability in Gullah and AAVE, with the goal of Nominating Committee: Crawford Feagin, determining what implications such a comparison might offer in regard to the history of AAVE. The Chair; Connie Eble, Peter Patrick. data consist of 20 hours of Gullah and 14 hours of Preregistration is $35, students $30. Mem­ AAVE from speakers over the age of 60. The focus bership in SAMLA is $20 for individuals, $10 of this study was variability among full, con­ for students until the convention; after that tracted, and zero copula forms in present affirma­ all dues increase by $5. Write SAMLA, Geor­ tive contexts. Unlike many studies of the AAVE gia State Univ., University Plaza, Atlanta GA copula, first person singular and it I that / what sub­ jects were included in this analysis because they 30303-3083; phone (404) 651-2693; e-mail exhibited variability in both varieties. The findings [email protected] (Deirdre Jorgensen reveal a number of striking parallels between the Ralston). two copula systems in their hierarchies of copula Future meetings: 1998 Nov. 12—14 Atlanta, absence. The mesolectal Gullah system examined here exhibits variation in _NP environments which Hyatt Regency; 1999 Nov. 11-13 Atlanta, is quantitatively and qualitatively comparable to Hyatt Regency; 2000 Chattanooga. that found in AAVE. The findings thus offer new support for the Creolist Hypothesis. Nov. 15 Deadline for UNM 4. “Upland Southern in Illinois: An Endan­ The seventh University of New Mexico gered Dialect?” Timothy C. Frazer, Dept, of Conference on Ibero-American Culture & So­ English, Western Illinois Univ. ciety, “Spanish and Portuguese in Contact Along the dialect boundaries that run through with Other Languages,” will be held jointly central Illinois, the Upland Southern (classically, with the 16th Conference on Spanish in the “South M idland”) dialect has existed for more than United States Feb. 12, in celebration of the a century alongside competing “North Midland” 400th anniversary of the founding of the first (better called “West M idland”) and Inland North­ ern dialects, the latter a de facto standard due to Spanish settlement in New Mexico in 1598. social history. With increasing urbanization, mo­ Papers dealing with any aspect of Spanish bility, and media exposure, it might be assumed in the U.S. or of Spanish or Portuguese in that the Upland Southern dialect in Illinois, al­ contact with other languages are welcome. ways a rural phenomenon, was endangered. But Nov. 15 is the deadline for receipt of abstracts new phonological evidence points to the persis­ tence of a set of Upland Southern phonological (maximum 500 words). E-mail: place identify­ features with less evidence of change than I re­ ing information (name, address, phone) along ported in 1995. However, the presence of this dia­ with title of paper at the beginning of the lect very much depends on the rural identification message, followed by three blank lines, the of the speaker in both types of community and such title repeated, and the abstract. Regular mail: variables as participation in the agricultural economy. It is also a reasonable conclusion that three copies of abstract with title and no iden­ changes in lexicon, syntax/morphology, and pho­ tifying information, with accompanying 3x5 nology may well operate independently of one an­ card with title and author’s name, address, other. and telephone number or email address. Meeting chair: Connie Eble, Univ. of Send to 1998 Conference, Dept, of Spanish North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Session ar­ and Portuguese, Univ. of New Mexico, Albu­ ranged by Natalie Schilling-Estes, Dept, of querque NM 87131; e-mail Linguistics, Stanford Univ. [email protected]; telephone: (505) 277-5907, ADS Regional Secretary 1997-98: fax (505) 277-3885, www.unm.edu/~spanish.

26 / NADS 29.3 September 1997 INAUGURATIONS Catching Up on Our Inaugurations: Delegates Report Ellen Johnson represented ADS at the stance associated with the advent of a new April 10 inauguration of Dale F. Nitzschke as president. Perhaps the bagpipers who led us 16th president of Southeast Missouri State down 112th Street would have been unusual University in Cape Girardeau. elsewhere; in New York they are a signal of Maggie Ronkin represented ADS at the the city ’s finest on parade. The day was beau­ April 4 inauguration of Alan G. Merten as 5th tiful, nearly flawless. A long procession reach­ president of George Mason University in ing nearly the length of a crosstown block Fairfax, Va. She reports: stretched out along 112th Street from the The ceremony took place at George Bank Street College of Education building to M ason’s Patriot Center. It opened with a pro­ the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The cessional led by a score of international stu­ street is bordered by brownstones with stoops dent flag bearers; included greetings from (for playing stoopball). Small shade trees Governor George Allen, Senator Charles S. mark the tree lawn (most of which has been Robb, and alumni, student, faculty, and staff paved over, alas). representatives of George Mason, and was I don’t remember having seen more variety capped by Dr. M erten’s forward-looking inau­ of color in robing in a long time. One fellow gural address. had four different colors on his sleeves. Later In his address, Dr. Merton, a computer sci­ I learned that it was not the result of prodi­ entist and former Dean of the S.C. Johnson gious academic application resulting in mul­ Graduate School of Management at Cornell, tiple degrees, but, rather, that his institution captured the spirit of the day by evoking has four campuses each of which wants its George M ason’s sterling start and promising own color. There was even some fur. One fel­ future as a highly innovative institution in low, a medievalist I believe, had some mink the information age. Dr. Merton also drew on on a strap over his shoulder. . . . his memories of McCarthyism and student The keynote speaker was Marian Wright protests of the 1960s to stress his steadfast Edelman, president of the C hildren’s Defense commitment to academic freedom. Fund, who strongly prodded us to remember It was a special pleasure to meet former that children are our future and that every and current George Mason faculty members child, regardless of his or her station or cir­ who represented the American Historical So­ cumstance in life, deserves to be nurtured. ciety, the Linguistic Society of America, Phi This theme resounded in Dr. K appner’s re­ Beta Kappa, and other professional and marks when she reminded us that it is the learned societies. Thank you for the chance to children that have brought us together and it represent the American Dialect Society at an is the children that will rule when we are event which clearly celebrated George gone from this earth and that we must M ason’s growing reputation and dedication to through our teaching of them try to leave this increasing opportunities for residents of the place better than we found it. Washington metropolitan area in the 21st HELP WANTED: Chief of Protocol century. About a dozen invitations to inaugurations David K. Barnhart represented ADS at a come to ADS each year, but we don’t always Sept. 30, 1996 inauguration in New York find a volunteer to attend. Would any ADS City. His report: member volunteer to be our Chief of Protocol, Dr. Augusta Souza Kappner was installed to help make sure we don’t miss these oppor­ as sixth president of Bank Street College of tunities? Get in touch with the Executive Sec­ Education amid the usual pomp and circum­ retary if you’re interested.

NADS 29.3 S e p t e m b e r 1997 / 27 DARE QUERIES ( DARE Is Peach-Orchard Crazy for Your Help With DARE Volume III (1-0) on bookstore pitch-hole/pitching hole—A hay chute, shelves (and, we hope, on yours!), we are well or opening to throw hay down from the hay­ into Volume IV, which will cover P through loft. Where used? the middle of S. Members and friends are pitzel—”A waffle-cone type of thing made encouraged to send in examples of regional from runny, sweet batter.” Said to be Italian- usages. Since we hope there will be an even­ American. Where is it known? Any informa­ tual Supplement, you need not limit your­ tion will be welcome. selves to these letters. Our motto: “On to Z!” pixie m oss—We have one example, from Send letters to Frederic Cassidy, 6125 Helen the 1916 novel The Harvester. “Beds of yellow White Hall, 600 N. Park St., Madison, WI violets, pixie moss, and every tiny gold flower 53706, or e-mail messages to Joan Hall at of the woods.” Can you identify this? Where jdhall@facstaff. wi sc. edu. else known? parky—A playground attendant. Is this poison nettle— 1867 Biglow Papers: “My still current in New York City? Is it known other leg hed lamed wut pizon-nettle meant.” elsewhere? Doubtless some kind of Urtica, but which? Is peach-orchard beau, peach-orchard this still current? crazy—The first is ‘a clandestine sweet­ pop o n e ’s fingers—We didn’t ask for this heart,’ and the second is said to mean ‘pas­ in the DARE questionnaire, but anecdotal sionate; lascivious.’ Why? Does anyone else evidence suggests that to pop o n e ’s fingers, know these phrases? meaning ‘to snap one’s fingers’ (i.e., sliding peadoodles— 1992 Houston Chronicle, a the middle finger quickly off the thumb onto woman writer mentions “A bad case of the the palm, making a snapping sound) is found peadoodles,” meaning nervousness. Please ex­ chiefly in the South. Are some of you familiar plain fully if you know this. with the term? When? Where? peal/peel—The field worker in PA spelled possum pie—A “play party game” com­ this peal but it could just as well have been mon in the Ozarks in the early part of this peel: It means ‘to throw,’ as in this sentence: century. Does anyone still know it? Can you “The dog came at him, so he picked up a stone describe it? and ______it at him.” Do you know this rabbit moth—Our sole example is from verb? How would you spell it? the Century Dictionary, 1890. Is it known—at pick-handle—Said to be a name for home­ all? From the past or present? Where? made whiskey. Does anyone know it? Associa­ race bird—The crested flycatcher, tions with mining or road-building? Where Myiarchus crinitus. We have a sole quotation: used? When? 1910 SC. Is this only a book word? If the name pim ping—In the sense “puny, sickly.” is known, what does race mean?______Common in 19th-century New England and 90 BALLOONS FOR HIS NONAGE found occasionally by both LANE and DARE “Yes Folks, I t ’s True: Frederic G. Cassidy, fieldworkers. Do people still use it? also known as Professor, Daddo, Wren- pine hams—Pine needles. One example Fuffer, Grandpa DARE, and ‘That Devilishly from a 1976 book about Richmond County, Handsome Fellow,’ is about to have his 90th Virginia. Is this some kind of error? Ham Birthday,” proclaimed the announcement. He makes no ordinary sense. celebrated his nonagenarianity in Madison pin sled—An all-purpose farm vehicle, Oct. 11, a day after the actual natal anniver­ once common, to haul logs, etc. We need more sary, at a 90-balloon party arranged by his attestations and an explanation of pm. family and DARE associate editor Joan Hall. 28 / NADS 29.3 September 1997