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The 16 New Pops an Introduction to the Chemicals Added to the Stockholm Convention As Persistent Organic Pollutants by the Conference of the Parties

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The 16 New Pops an Introduction to the Chemicals Added to the Stockholm Convention As Persistent Organic Pollutants by the Conference of the Parties Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) The 16 New POPs An introduction to the chemicals added to the Stockholm Convention as Persistent Organic Pollutants by the Conference of the Parties June 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction….……………...……...…...……...…….…………….......4 2. Status of ratification..………………………………...……………..…..5 3. Acceptable purposes and specific exemptions……..………...……..6 4. The initial 12 POPs………..……...............….…..………………........7 5. The 16 new POPs………..…….......…...…...…….............................8 Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane…………...…….........................10 Beta hexachlorocyclohexane…………..……............................10 This booklet introduces basic information on the 16 chemicals Chlordecone.….........................................................................11 added to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Decabromodiphenyl ether (Commercial mixture, c-DecaBDE)……………………………...12 In accordance with the procedure in Article 8 of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties, taking due account of the Hexabromobiphenyl..…............................................................13 recommendations of the POPs Review Committee (POPRC), Hexabromocyclododecane.......................................................14 decided to list those chemicals in Annexes A, B and/or C to the Convention. Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether (Commercial octabromodiphenyl ether)……………...………....15 The results of the Committee’s review are documented in detail for each chemical in Risk Profiles and Risk Management Hexachlorobutadiene……………………………..……………….16 Evaluations, available for download from the Convention’s Lindane…………………………………………............................17 website (http://chm.pops.int/tabid/2511/Default.aspx). Pentachlorobenzene……………………………...…………….....18 The decisions on amendments to Annex A, B and/or C to the Convention can be found in the reports of the meetings of the Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters…………................19 Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention (http://chm.pops.int/tabid/208/Default.aspx). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF)..………………….....20 Polychlorinated naphthalenes……………………..…...………...21 Disclaimer Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs)…..……...…...……..22 While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication is factually correct and properly referenced, the Secretariat and any Technical endosulfan and its related isomers…………..….…...23 other contributing organizations do not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents. If there is any inconsistency or conflict between the information contained in this document and the Stockholm Convention on POPs, Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether the text of the Convention takes precedence. (Commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether)……….…..…………...24 2 3 Introduction Status of ratification What are “POPs”? Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. POPs persist in the environment for long periods, are capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue and biomagnify in food chains, and have potentially significant impacts on human health and the environment. Exposure to POPs can cause serious health problems including certain cancers, birth defects, dysfunctional immune and reproductive systems, greater susceptibility to disease and even diminished intelligence. Stockholm Convention on POPs The Stockholm Convention is an international treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs. It was adopted in 2001 and entered into force in 2004 initially covering The Stockholm Conventions has been ratified by 181 Parties as 12 chemicals. Currently, 16 additional POPs have been added of May 2017. Information on the dates of entry into force of the by 181 Parties as of 2017 to the Stockholm Convention. amendments listing new POPs is available on the Convention website: (http://chm.pops.int/tabid/3486/Default.aspx) POPs Review Committee (POPRC) For the newly listed chemicals, Parties need to: The POPRC consists of 31 government-designated experts in • Implement control measures for each chemical (Article 3 and 4); areas of chemical assessment or management from all UN • Develop and implement action plans for unintentionally regions. The Committee reviews proposals submitted by produced chemicals (Article 5); Parties to the Convention for listing new chemicals in accordance with Article 8 of the Convention. • Develop inventories of the chemicals’ stockpiles (Article 6); • Review and update the National Implementation Plan (Article 7); • Include the new chemicals in the reporting (Article 15); • Include the new chemicals in the programme for the effectiveness evaluation (Article 16). 4 5 Acceptable purposes and specific exemptions The initial 12 POPs Acceptable purposes and specific exemptions for production and use of POPs Annex A: Parties must take measures to eliminate the To enable Parties to the Convention to take measures to reduce or production and use of the chemicals listed under Annex A. eliminate releases of POPs from intentional production and use, for Specific exemptions for use or production are listed in the which alternatives do not exist yet or are not readily available, the Annex and apply only to Parties that register for them. Convention allows Parties to register specific exemptions for a specific period of time. Annexes A and B to the Convention describe Annex B: Parties must take measures to restrict the specific exemptions, as well as acceptable purposes, that are available production and use of the chemicals listed under Annex B with respect to the relevant POPs. in light of any applicable acceptable purposes and/or specific exemptions listed in the Annex. The implementation of these obligations on elimination and restriction of chemicals listed in Annex A and B may be subject to specific Annex C: Parties must take measures to reduce the exemptions in accordance with Article 4. Parties that have notified the unintentional release of chemicals listed under Annex C Secretariat for registration of a specific exemption are allowed to with the goal of continuous minimization and, where continue to use or produce a chemical for a particular purpose. feasible, ultimate elimination. The information of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes are available on the Convention’s website; (http://chm.pops.int/tabid/789/Default.aspx) Annex A (Elimination) ●Aldrin ●Chlordane ●Dieldrin Sources of POPs ●Endrin ●Heptachlor ●/▲Hexachlorobenzene ●Mirex ●Toxaphene ▲PCB Pesticide Industrical chemicals Unintentional production ● ▲ ■ Annex B (Restriction) ●DDT Annex C (Unintentional production) ■Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans ■Hexachlorobenzene ■PCB 6 7 The 16 new POPs Since its fourth meeting in 2009, The COP has decided to amend Production: As allowed for the parties listed in the Register in accordance Annexes A, B and C to the Convention by adding the following chemicals: Pentachlorophenol and its with the provisions of Part VIII of Annex A A Specific exemptions/ salts and esters ● Chemical Annex Use: Pentachlorophenol for utility poles acceptable purposes and cross-arms in accordance with the Alpha Production: None provisions of Part VIII of Annex A A ● hexachlorocyclohexane Use: None Perfluorooctane sulfonic Production: For the use below Beta Production: None acid (PFOS), its salts and Use: Acceptable purposes and specific A B hexachlorocyclohexane ● Use: None perfluorooctane sulfonyl exemptions in accordance with Part III fluoride (PFOSF) ▲ of Annex B Production: None Chlordecone ● A Use: None Production: For the use below Polychlorinated Use: Production of polyfluorinated A and C Production: None naphthalenes ▲■ naphthalenes, including Hexabromobiphenyl ▲ A Use: None octafluoronaphthalene Hexabromocyclododecane A Production: As allowed by the parties Production: As allowed for the parties ▲ listed in the Register of specific Technical endosulfan and listed in the Register exemptions A Use: Crop-pest complexes as listed in its related isomers ● Use: Expanded polystyrene and accordance with the provisions of Part extruded polystyrene in buildings in VI of Annex A accordance with the provisions of the Part Vll of Annex A Tetrabromodiphenyl ether A Production: None and pentabromodiphenyl Use: Articles in accordance with the Hexabromodiphenyl ether A Production: None ether (commercial provisions of Part V of Annex A and heptabromodiphenyl Use: Articles in accordance with the pentabromodiphenyl ether) ether provisions of Part IV of Annex A ▲ (commercial octabromodiphenyl ether) Decabromodiphenyl ether A Production: As allowed for the parties ▲ (Commercial mixture, c- listed in the Register DecaBDE) ▲ Use: Vehicles, aircraft, textile, additives Hexachlorobutadiene ▲■ A and C Production: None in plastic housings etc., polyurethane Use: None foam for building insulation, in accordance with Part IX of Annex A Lindane ● A Production: None Use: Human health pharmaceutical Short-chain chlorinated A Production: As allowed for the parties for control of head lice and scabies as paraffins (SCCPs) ▲ listed in the Register second line treatment Use: Additives in transmission belts, rubber conveyor belts, leather, lubricant Pentachlorobenzene ●▲■ A and C
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