DOCSLIB.ORG

Reference Guide to Non-Combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil, Second Edition – 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reference Guide to Non-Combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil, Second Edition – 2010 Reference Guide to Non-combustion TechnologiesTechnologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic PollutantsPollutants in Soil, SecondS Edition - 2010 ts B an ii ta oa llu ac ll cc o u P m iic u n lla a t g tii rr o O n O tt g a yc llii n n ll c y attii on n e na orra d tt sso ap a ev ss e d B ii ss nd ee a ss udd nn ii r iitt u tiioo oo r tt siit HighHiHig latitudes e ll a a os m e -- po iidd ep DepositionDDe > evaporation PP e a M dd a ff ff o gg o oo nn t r t ii ss r High mobility oo High mobility ff ii ee pp ss cc cc ee nn aa gg aa rr Relatively high mobility rr Long-range Relatively high mobility n t Long-range n t t t aa uu i r cc i r i oceanic i oceanic o - - o rr o o gg ee transport Low mobility n transport n n n h h S o S o p p L L s s o o m m m m m m m m t t t t t t t t t a a a a a a Low latitudes t t Deposition > evaporation c Deposition > evaporation c ee ff ff ee ”” gg iinn p pp op sh as Grr ll ““G a iic T m h e e h n e C iio rm ll-C tt a a a ll iic ad ys ra h eg P De B iiore ogy med hnoll diiatiion Phytotech RR eemme giieess eddiiaattiioonn TTeecchhnnoolloog Solid Waste EPA 542-R-09-007 and Emergency Response September 2010 (5203P) www.clu-in.org/POPs Reference Guide to Non-combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil, Second Edition – 2010 Internet Address (URL) http://www.epa.gov Recycled/Recyclable. Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper (minimum 50% Post consumer) CONTENTS Section Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................... iii NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of Report................................................................................................................4 1.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................5 1.3 Report Organization ............................................................................................................6 2.0 BACKGROUND..............................................................................................................................7 2.1 Stockholm Convention on POPs .........................................................................................7 2.2 Basel Convention ................................................................................................................7 2.3 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) – Protocol on POPs.8 2.4 Sources of POPs..................................................................................................................8 2.5 Characteristics and Health Effects of POPs ........................................................................9 2.6 Review of Chemical Characteristics of POPs Listed and Under Review for the 2009 Stockholm Convention......................................................................................................13 2.7 Treatment of POPs ............................................................................................................15 2.8 Related Documents ...........................................................................................................15 3.0 NON-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................................18 3.1 Full-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs...............................................................18 3.1.1 Anaerobic Bioremediation Using Blood Meal.....................................................25 3.1.2 Base-Catalyzed Decomposition ...........................................................................26 ® 3.1.3 DARAMEND .....................................................................................................27 3.1.4 Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction ...........................................................................30 3.1.5 Gene Expression Factor .......................................................................................31 ™ 3.1.6 GeoMelt .............................................................................................................32 3.1.7 Mechanochemical Dehalogenation ......................................................................35 3.1.8 Plasma Arc ...........................................................................................................38 ® 3.1.9 Radicalplanet Technology..................................................................................39 3.1.10 Solvated Electron Technology .............................................................................40 3.1.11 Sonic Technology.................................................................................................41 3.1.12 Thermal Desorption..............................................................................................42 3.2 Pilot-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs..............................................................45 3.2.1 Phytotechnology...................................................................................................45 3.2.2 Reductive Heating and Sodium Dispersion..........................................................47 3.2.3 Subcritical Water Oxidation.................................................................................48 3.3 Bench-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs...........................................................49 3.3.1 Self-Propagating High-Temperature Dehalogenation..........................................49 3.3.2 TDT-3R™ .............................................................................................................49 4.0 INFORMATION SOURCES.........................................................................................................51 5.0 VENDOR CONTACTS .................................................................................................................52 6.0 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................55 i Appendix A Chemical Structures, Uses and Effects of POPs listed under the Stockholm Convention and LRTAP B Fact Sheet on Anaerobic Bioremediation Using Blood Meal for the Treatment of Toxaphene in Soil and Sediment C Fact Sheet on Bioremediation Using DARAMEND® for Treatment of POPs in Soils and Sediments D Fact Sheet on In Situ Thermal Desorption for Treatment of POPs in Soils and Sediments E Additional Technologies Identified but Not Commercially Available LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1-1 POPs Identified by the Stockholm Convention and Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Convention .......................................................................................................................................3 2-1 Toxicology and Chemical Properties of POPs Listed and Under Review by the Stockholm Convention and LRTAP.................................................................................................................10 3-1 Summary of Full-Scale Non-combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants........................................................................................................................................19 3-2 Performance of Pilot/Bench-Scale Non-combustion Technologies for Remediation of POPs......22 3-3 Performance of Non-combustion Technologies for Remediation of POPs....................................23 3-4 Performance of Anaerobic Bioremediation Using Blood Meal for Toxaphene Treatment............26 3-5 Performance of DARAMEND® Technology .................................................................................29 3-6 Performance of GPCR™ Technology .............................................................................................30 3-7 Performance of Gene Expression Factor........................................................................................32 3-8 Performance of GeoMelt™ Technology..........................................................................................34 3-9 Soil Acceptance Criteria for the Mapua Site..................................................................................36 3-10 Performance of MCD™ Technology at the Mapua Site..................................................................37 3-11 Performance of Radicalplanet® Technology at Various Japanese Sites.........................................40 3-12 Performance of ISTD Technology .................................................................................................44 3-13 Results of Plant Uptake from the Royal Military College Study ...................................................46 ii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ART Adventus Remediation Technologies, Inc. ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BCD Base-catalyzed decomposition BDE Bromodiphenyl ether BHC Hexachlorobenzene BFR Brominated flame retardants CaO Calcium oxide CB Chlorobenzene CCMS Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society CD Catalytic dechlorination CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CHD Catalytic hydrodechlorination CLU-IN Clean-Up
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reference Guide
    Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools REFERENCE GUIDE Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Environments Division, 6609J 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 (202) 564-9370 www.epa.gov/iaq American Federation of Teachers 555 New Jersey Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20001 (202) 879-4400 www.aft.org Association of School Business Officials 11401 North Shore Drive Reston, VA 22090 (703) 478-0405 www.asbointl.org National Education Association 1201 16th Steet, NW Washington, DC 20036-3290 (202) 833-4000 www.nea.org National Parent Teachers Association 330 North Wabash Avenue, Suite 2100 Chicago, IL 60611-3690 (312) 670-6782 www.pta.org American Lung Association 1740 Broadway New York, NY 10019 (212) 315-8700 www.lungusa.org EPA 402/K-07/008 I January 2009 I www.epa.gov/iaq/schools Introduction � U nderstanding the importance of good basic measurement equipment, hiring indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is the professional assistance, and codes and backbone of developing an effective IAQ regulations. There are numerous resources program. Poor IAQ can lead to a large available to schools through EPA and other variety of health problems and potentially organizations, many of which are listed in affect comfort, concentration, and staff/ Appendix L. Use the information in this student performance. In recognition of Guide to create the best possible learning tight school budgets, this guidance is environment for students and maintain a designed to present practical and often comfortable, healthy building for school low-cost actions you can take to identify occupants. and address existing or potential air quality Refer to A Framework for School problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Product and Company Identification Product identifier SSS O3 Professional Cleaning System Other means of identification O3 Professional Cleaning System Ozonated Water Recommended use Not available. Recommended restrictions None known. Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor information Manufacturer Company name Tersano Inc. Address 5000 Regal Drive Oldcastle, ON N0R 1A0 Canada Telephone 1-800-808-1723 (Toll-Free) Website www.tersano.com E-mail [email protected] Emergency phone number 1-800-808-1723 (Toll-Free) 2. Hazards Identification Physical hazards Not classified. Health hazards Not classified. Environmental hazards Not classified. OSHA defined hazards Not classified. Label elements Hazard symbol None. Signal word None. Hazard statement The mixture does not meet the criteria for classification. Precautionary statement Prevention Observe good industrial hygiene practices. Response Not applicable. Storage Not applicable. Disposal No special precautions required. Hazard(s) not otherwise None known. classified (HNOC) Supplemental information Not applicable. 3. Composition/Information on Ingredients Mixtures Chemical name Common name and synonyms CAS number % Water 7732-18-5 >99.99 Ozone 10028-15-6 <0.01 4. First Aid Measures Inhalation Not applicable. Skin contact Not applicable. Eye contact Not applicable. Ingestion Not applicable. Most important This material is not expected to be harmful. symptoms/effects, acute and delayed #25447 Page: 1 of 6 Issue date 17-December-2014 LBUxxx, LSRxxx, LSCxxx, LQFCxxx Indication of immediate Treat symptomatically. medical attention and special treatment needed General information Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves. 5. Fire Fighting Measures Suitable extinguishing media Not applicable, non-combustible.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Carcinogens and Work-Related Cancer: a Review of Assessment Methods
    European Agency for Safety and Health at Work ISSN: 1831-9343 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment methods European Risk Observatory Report Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer: A review of assessment measures Authors: Dr Lothar Lißner, Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Mr Klaus Kuhl (task leader), Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH Dr Timo Kauppinen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Ms Sanni Uuksulainen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Cross-checker: Professor Ulla B. Vogel from the National Working Environment Research Centre in Denmark Project management: Dr Elke Schneider - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers, or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet ( 48TU http://europa.euU48T). Cataloguing data can be found on the cover of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN: 978-92-9240-500-7 doi: 10.2802/33336 Cover pictures: (clockwise): Anthony Jay Villalon (Fotolia); ©Roman Milert (Fotolia); ©Simona Palijanskaite; ©Kari Rissa © European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 1 Exposure to carcinogens and work-related cancer:
    [Show full text]
  • Ammonia Solution.Pdf
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 23-Nov-2009 Revision Date 13-Apr-2015 Revision Number 4 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1. Product identification Product Description: Ammonia solution 35% Cat No. : A/3240/PB15, A/3240/PB17 Molecular Formula H5 N O 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against No Information available 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Fisher Scientific UK Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RG, United Kingdom E-mail address [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number Chemtrec US: (800) 424-9300 Chemtrec EU: 001 (202) 483-7616 Tel: 01509 231166 SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture CLP Classification - Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Physical hazards Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met Health hazards Skin Corrosion/irritation Category 1 B Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1 Specific target organ toxicity - (single exposure) Category 3 Environmental hazards Acute aquatic toxicity Category 1 Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC Symbol(s) C - Corrosive N - Dangerous for the environment R-phrase(s) R34 - Causes burns R50 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms For the full text of the R-phrases and H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Bioaugmentation: an Emerging Strategy of Industrial Wastewater Treatment for Reuse and Discharge
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Bioaugmentation: An Emerging Strategy of Industrial Wastewater Treatment for Reuse and Discharge Alexis Nzila 1,*, Shaikh Abdur Razzak 2 and Jesse Zhu 3 1 Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), P.O. Box 468, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966-13-860-7716; Fax: +966-13-860-4277 Academic Editors: Rao Bhamidiammarri and Kiran Tota-Maharaj Received: 12 May 2016; Accepted: 9 July 2016; Published: 25 August 2016 Abstract: A promising long-term and sustainable solution to the growing scarcity of water worldwide is to recycle and reuse wastewater. In wastewater treatment plants, the biodegradation of contaminants or pollutants by harnessing microorganisms present in activated sludge is one of the most important strategies to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. However, this approach has limitations because many pollutants are not efficiently eliminated. To counterbalance the limitations, bioaugmentation has been developed and consists of adding specific and efficient pollutant-biodegrading microorganisms into a microbial community in an effort to enhance the ability of this microbial community to biodegrade contaminants. This approach has been tested for wastewater cleaning with encouraging results, but failure has also been reported, especially during scale-up. In this review, work on the bioaugmentation in the context of removal of important pollutants from industrial wastewater is summarized, with an emphasis on recalcitrant compounds, and strategies that can be used to improve the efficiency of bioaugmentation are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Rattus Norvegicus Polymorphic For. Warfarin Resistance
    Heredity (1979), 43(2), 239-246 RELATIVE FITNESS OF GENOTYPES IN A POPULATION OF RATTUS NORVEGICUS POLYMORPHIC FOR. WARFARIN RESISTANCE G. G. PARTRIDGE Department of Genetics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 38X* Received11 .iii.79 SUMMARY Resistance to warfarin and an increased vitamin K requirement appear to be pleiotropic effects of the same allele (Rw 2).Ina natural population containing resistant individuals where the use of warfarin is discouraged the change in the frequency of resistance should reflect the relative fitnesses of the three possible genotypes. A large polymorphic population of rats was extensively poisoned with warfarin and the level of resistance monitored regularly for a period of 18 months after withdrawal of the poison. During this period the proportion of resistant animals in live-capture samples decreased significantly from approxi-. mately 80 per cent to 33 per cent. This decline is consistent with a hypothesis of reduced fitness of both RwZRw2andRw'Rw2 genotypes relative to Rw'Rw' under natural conditions. The relative fitnesses of these genotypes were calculated using an optimisation method based on least squares analysis. These estimates were: Rw2Rw2 (0.46), Rw'Rw2 (077) and Rw1Rw' (100). Homozygous resistant individuals were found in some of the samples, confirm- log that the Rw2 allele does not act as a recessive lethal, although it must be extremely disadvantageous. Some heterogeneity was observed in the proportion of resistant animals in samples taken from different areas of the farm building complex. This could reflect stochastic processes influencing the Rw2 allele frequency in small peripheral populations. 1. INTRODUCTION THE anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin was introduced into Britain in 1953 (Greaves, 1971).
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorofluorocarbons Chem 300A Tyler Jensen, Mackenzie Latimer, Jessie Luther, Jake Mcghee, Adeeb Noorani, Tyla Penner, & Maddy Springle
    Chlorofluorocarbons Chem 300a Tyler Jensen, Mackenzie Latimer, Jessie Luther, Jake McGhee, Adeeb Noorani, Tyla Penner, & Maddy Springle 1.1: A Brief History of Chlorofluorocarbons Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), also known as Freons, were first synthesized in 1928 by Thomas Midgley Jr, who was working for General Motors trying to find a safe refrigerant to use in commercial applications. (Rosenbaum, n.d.). They are an anthropogenic compound containing fluorine, carbon, and chlorine atoms, and are classified as halocarbons. CFCs are a family of chemicals based upon hydrocarbon skeletons, where most hydrogens have been replaced with chlorine and/or fluorine atoms. They are chemically stable freons that are non-flammable, tasteless and odourless. CFCs are very volatile, which makes for ideal refrigerant gases, having a boiling point close to zero degrees (Rosenbaum, n.d) They were originally created to replace the toxic gases used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Examples of the toxic gases replaced by CFCs as refrigerants are ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) (Wilkins, 1999). When first created dichlorodifloromethane was found to be less toxic than carbon dioxide, and as non-flammable as carbon tetrachloride (Midgley & Henne, 1930). The non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-reactive properties of CFCs made them ideal for use as refrigerants. CFCs were used in many developed countries for consumption and production as they were inflammable and non-toxic towards humanity. Chlorofluorocarbons can be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, foaming agents, and propellants for aerosol sprays (Welch, n.d.). In 1974, Two University of California chemists, Professor F. Sherwood Rowland and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-Target Organisms Katherine Horak U.S
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Publications Health Inspection Service 2018 Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-target Organisms Katherine Horak U.S. Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Penny M. Fisher Landcare Research Brian M. Hopkins Landcare Research Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Life Sciences Commons Horak, Katherine; Fisher, Penny M.; and Hopkins, Brian M., "Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non- target Organisms" (2018). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 2091. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2091 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff ubP lications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Chapter 4 Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-target Organisms Katherine E. Horak, Penny M. Fisher, and Brian Hopkins 1 Introduction The concentration of a compound at the site of action is a determinant of its toxicity. This principle is affected by a variety of factors including the chemical properties of the compound (pKa, lipophilicity, molecular size), receptor binding affinity, route of exposure, and physiological properties of the organism. Many compounds have to undergo chemical changes, biotransformation, into more toxic or less toxic forms. Because of all of these variables, predicting toxic effects and performing risk assess- ments of compounds based solely on dose are less accurate than those that include data on absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of the compound.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Chlorofluorocarbons in Hydrology : a Guidebook
    USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN HYDROLOGY A Guidebook USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN HYDROLOGY A GUIDEBOOK 2005 Edition The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GREECE PANAMA ALBANIA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ALGERIA HAITI PERU ANGOLA HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES ARGENTINA HONDURAS POLAND ARMENIA HUNGARY PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA ICELAND QATAR AUSTRIA INDIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AZERBAIJAN INDONESIA ROMANIA BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM IRELAND SENEGAL BENIN ISRAEL SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO BOLIVIA ITALY SEYCHELLES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAMAICA SIERRA LEONE BOTSWANA JAPAN BRAZIL JORDAN SINGAPORE BULGARIA KAZAKHSTAN SLOVAKIA BURKINA FASO KENYA SLOVENIA CAMEROON KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CANADA KUWAIT SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN KYRGYZSTAN SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LATVIA SUDAN CHAD LEBANON SWEDEN CHILE LIBERIA SWITZERLAND CHINA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LIECHTENSTEIN TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA LITHUANIA THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE LUXEMBOURG THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CUBA MALAYSIA TUNISIA CYPRUS MALI TURKEY CZECH REPUBLIC MALTA UGANDA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UKRAINE OF THE CONGO MAURITANIA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONACO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MONGOLIA UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOROCCO ERITREA MYANMAR OF TANZANIA ESTONIA NAMIBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS URUGUAY FINLAND NEW ZEALAND UZBEKISTAN FRANCE NICARAGUA VENEZUELA GABON NIGER VIETNAM GEORGIA NIGERIA YEMEN GERMANY NORWAY ZAMBIA GHANA PAKISTAN ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioremediation of Groundwater: an Overview
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 24 (2018) pp. 16825-16832 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Bioremediation of Groundwater: An Overview Shivam Mani Tripathi 1, Shri Ram2 1 ,2 Civil Engineering Department, MMMUT Gorakhpur, India Abstract can be treated on site, thus reducing exposure risks for clean- In past, we have large open area and abundant land resources up personnel, or potentially wider exposure as a result of and groundwater. But after the industrialization the use of transportation accidents. Methodology of this process is not hazardous chemicals increased due to unmanageable technically difficult, considerable experience and knowledge conditions. The chemical disposed on the ground surface & may require implementing this process, by thoroughly many other anthropogenic activities by humans like use of investigating the site and to know required condition to pesticides and oil spillage contaminated the soil and achieve. groundwater. The different type of contaminant by percolation The usual technique of remediation is to plow up through the ground reach to the aquifer and get affected which contaminated soil and take away to the site, or to cover or cap causes serious problem. We spend lot of money and use many the contaminated area. There are some drawbacks. The first technologies to extract and remediate the contamination. In method simply transport the contaminated materials which spite of different methods, bioremediation is a technology create major risks is excavation, handling, and transport of which is cost efficient and effective by using natural microbes hazardous material. It is very difficult to find the new landfill and degrades the contaminants the conditions and different sites for disposal.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Hazards Chemist Edson Haddad 2016 Sao Paulo
    ENVIRONMENTAL COMPANY OF SAO PAULO STATE – CETESB REGIONAL CENTRE OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPs FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION V INTERNATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND MANAGEMENT ON CHEMICALS AND WASTES, ESPECIALLY ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) AND MERCURY (Hg) Chemical Hazards Chemist Edson Haddad 2016 Sao Paulo – SP – Brazil Safety with Chemicals • Chemicals can only be safely handled if their properties, reactions and behavior in different situations are fully known. • This knowledge allows for the selection of the appropriate PPE –Personal Protective Equipment, as well as the techniques to be employed for containment, control and environmental monitoring. Control Actions 9Neutralization, absorption, washing/dilution, soil recovery, monitoring, waste destination. I worked 20 years and had only one accident. CHEMICAL HAZARDS COFFEE WATER OXYGEN NO SUBSTANCE IS COMPLETELY FREE OF TOXIC EFFECTS TO THE BODY 12 POPs z PESTICIDES - Aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, mirex, hexachlorobenzene and toxaphene; z INDUSTRIAL SUBSTANCES - PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene); z NON-INTENTIONAL SUB PRODUCTS – hexachlorobenzene; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCBs. aldrin DDT mirex PCB Dioxins and furans 9 POPs • PESTICIDES - chlordecone, alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, pentachlorobenzene; •INDUSTRIAL SUBSTANCES - hexabromobiphenyl, hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether,
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Row Crop Plant-Back Intervals for Common Herbicides
    DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Footnotes (continued) Authors 10 Replant only with Concep-treated or screen-treated seed. 2021 11 Needs 15 inches cumulative precipitation from application to planting rotational crop. Leah Collie, Program Associate - Weed Science 12 Needs 30 inches cumulative precipitation from application to planting rotational crop. Aaron Ross, Program Associate - Weed Science Tom Barber, Professor - Weed Science 13 ­Time­interval­is­based­on­8­oz/A­application­rate­and­does­not­begin­until­1­inch­of­ Row Crop Plant-Back rainfall is received. Tommy Butts, Assistant Professor - Weed Science 14­If­­4­oz/A­or­less­used­and­1­inch­of­rainfall/irrigation­received­after­application. Jason Norsworthy, Distinguished Professor - Weed Science 15 Days listed are based on University data and after receiving 1 inch of rainfall. 16 Enlist corn, cotton and soybeans can be planted immediately. University of Arkansas System, Division of Agriculture Intervals for 17 STS Soybeans can be planted immediately. Weed Science Program 18 Soil PH below 7.5. 19 ­For­Newpath/Preface­use­rates­greater­than­8­oz/A­per­season;­only­soybeans­may­be­ Common Herbicides planted the following year. 20 Rotation interval for soybean is 2 months where pH is less than 7.5. 21 Immediately if Poast Protected Crop. 22 If less than 15 inches of rainfall received since application, extend replant intervals to 18 months. If pH greater than 6.5, do not plant rice the following year. 23 18­months­for­cotton­if­rate­is­greater­than­5­oz/A­and­pH­>7.2.­ 24 Rotation­to­grain­sorghum­is­18­months­when­Spartan­is­applied­at­8­oz/A.
    [Show full text]