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Albania-Bul Layout 1 Спас Ташев БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ОБЩНОСТИ В ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИ ПРОЦЕСИ И ЕТНОДЕМОГРАФСКИ ПОСЛЕДИЦИ (1913 – 2019) ТОМ 1 АЛБАНИЯ – 1 – Spas Tashev BULGARIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE WESTERN BALKANS POLITICAL PROCESSES AND ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES (1913 – 2019) VOLUME 1 ALBANIA Sofia • 2020 – 2 – Спас Ташев БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ОБЩНОСТИ В ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИ ПРОЦЕСИ И ЕТНОДЕМОГРАФСКИ ПОСЛЕДИЦИ (1913 – 2019) ТОМ 1 АЛБАНИЯ • ОРБЕЛ • 2020 – 3 – В изследването се проследяват политическите процеси и тях- ното влияние върху етнодемографското развитие на историческите български общности в Западните Балкани през периода от 1913 г. до наши дни. Първият том е посветен на българите в Албания. Изказвам специални благодарности на Ахмед Бала, Бануш Кочи, Гентиан Кочи, Димитри Пандовски, Ервис Талури, Ерлин Аго, Йордан Симов, Фисник Ходжа, Хаджи Пируши, Яни Никола и др., които ми оказаха съдействие за намирането на статистически данни и друга информация, намерила място в тази публикация. Книгата се издава със спомоществователството на д-р Андрей Ковачев – член на Европейския парламент от Групата на ЕНП. Книгата не е предназначена за продажба. Рецензенти: Доц. д-р Венцислав Евтимов Мучинов Доц. д-р Ана Иванова Кочева Проф. д. ик. н. Веселин Христов Цанков © Спас Ангелов Ташев, автор, 2020 © Андрей Андреев Ковачев, предговор, 2020 © Венцислав Евтимов Мучинов, предговор, 2020 © Издателство „Орбел“, 2020 На корицата: Цветна етнографска карта на района на Корча от Н. Лако, 1919 г. ISBN 978-954-496-133-6 ISBN 978-954-496-134-3 – 4 – СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ НЯКОЛКО ДУМИ КЪМ ЧИТАТЕЛИТЕ от д-р Андрей Ковачев . .9 ПРЕДГОВОР от доц. д-р Венцислав Мучинов . .12 УВОД . .14 ПЪРВА ГЛАВА БЪЛГАРИТЕ В АЛБАНСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ ПРЕДИ ОБЯВЯВАНЕТО НА НЕЗАВИСИМОСТТА И ПЪРВИТЕ ГОДИНИ ОТ СЪЩЕСТВУВАНЕТО НА АЛБАНСКАТА ДЪРЖАВА . .26 1.1. Сведения за българите в албанските земи през Средновековието и Възраждането . .26 1.2. Българите в албанските земи при възникването и развитието на организираното албанско национално- освободително движение . .39 1.3. Българите в Албания от обявяването на нейната независимост до края на Първата световна война . .48 ВТОРА ГЛАВА БЪЛГАРИТЕ В АЛБАНИЯ ПРЕЗ МЕЖДУВОЕННИЯ ПЕРИОД . .68 2.1. Промени в броя на българското население във връзка с корекции на държавните граници на Албания. Териториално обособяване и специфики . .68 2.2. Обществено-политическо положение на българското малцинство в Албания и действия за официалното му признаване . .78 2.3. Статистически данни за българското население в Албания през втората половина на 20-те и 30-те години на ХХ в. .100 ТРЕТА ГЛАВА БЪЛГАРИТЕ В АЛБАНИЯ В ЕПОХАТА НА ТОТАЛИТАРИЗМА . .109 3.1. Албанските българи през Втората световна война . .109 3.2. Българите в Албания под ударите на македонизма . .134 – 5 – 3.3. Фактори и действия за съхранение на българската идентичност в условията на диктатурата на Енвер Ходжа . .142 ЧЕТВЪРТА ГЛАВА ОТ ОТРИЦАНИЕ КЪМ ПРИЗНАВАНЕ . .163 4.1. Преходът към демокрация и признаването на българското национално малцинство в Албания . .163 4.2. Съвременни етнодемографски процеси сред българите в Албания . .180 4.3. Организации на българите в Албания и тяхната дейност . .188 4.4. Българите в Албания и контактите им с България . .194 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ . .201 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ . .209 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ . .217 Резюме на английски език . .249 – 6 – CONTENTS A FEW WORDS TO READERS by Andrey Kovatchev, PhD . .9 PREFACE by Assoc. Prof. Ventsislav Muchinov, PhD . .12 INTRODUCTION . .14 CHAPTER ONE THE BULGARIANS IN THE ALBANIAN LANDS BEFORE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND THE FIRST YEARS OF THE EXISTENCE OF ALBANIAN STATE . .26 1.1. Information about Bulgarians in the Albanian lands during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance . .26 1.2. The Bulgarians in the Albanian lands at the beginning and development of the organized Albanian national liberation movement . .39 1.3. Bulgarians in Albania from the declaration of its independence until the end of World War I . .48 CHAPTER TWO BULGARIANS IN ALBANIA DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD . .68 2.1. Changes in the number of the Bulgarian population in connection with adjustments to the state borders of Albania. Territorial differentiation and specifics . .68 2.2. Socio-political situation of the Bulgarian minority in Albania and actions for its official recognition . .78 2.3. Statistics on the Bulgarian population in Albania in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. .100 CHAPTER THREE THE BULGARIANS IN ALBANIA IN THE AGE OF TOTALITARISM . .109 3.1. Albanian Bulgarians during World War II . .109 3.2. Bulgarians in Albania under the blow of Macedonianism . .134 3.3. Factors and actions for preserving Bulgarian identity under the conditions of the Enver Hoxha dictatorship . .142 – 7 – CHAPTER FOUR FROM DENIAL TO RECOGNITION . .163 4.1. The transition to democracy and the recognition of the Bulgarian national minority in Albania . .163 4.2. Contemporary ethnodemographic processes among Bulgarians in Albania . .180 4.3. Organizations of the Bulgarians in Albania and their activities . .188 4.4. Bulgarians in Albania and their contacts with Bulgaria . .194 CONCLUSION . .201 BIBLIOGRAPHY . .209 APPLICATIONS . .217 Summary in English . .249 – 8 – НЯКОЛКО ДУМИ КЪМ ЧИТАТЕЛИТЕ На 12 октомври 2017 г. парламентът на Република Албания прие закон, с който и българската общност в страната получи статут на на- ционално малцинство съгласно националното законодателство. Този исторически пробив стана възможен благодарение на общите усилия на премиера Бойко Борисов, евродепутати, правителство, Народно събрание, учени и изследователи, българските организации и всички приятели на българската общност и на България в Република Албания. Ключова роля в този процес изигра препоръката на Европейския пар- ламент към Албания „правата на хората с български етнически про- изход в района на Преспа, Голо Бърдо и Гора да бъдат включени в законодателството и гарантирани на практика“. Всичко това идва да покаже, че европейската интеграция е единственият начин за решаване на историческите проблеми в нашия регион. С това всъщност се на- прави първата сериозна крачка към възстановяването на справедли- востта и истината за това население, което повече от 100 години нямаше възможността да се ползва от предвидените в законодател- ството малцинствени права. В светлината на тези развития, публикуването на книгата на до- цент д-р Спас Ташев е изключително навременно и със сигурност ще събуди интереса не само на много заинтересовани от темата читатели в България, но и на международната публика. С представянето на раз- лични статистически справки и изследването на етнодемографските процеси в повече от 30 селища в Албания, в които живее компактно българско население, чийто майчин език е архаичен български диа- лект, авторът всъщност обезоръжава лансиращите идеята и прокарва- щите политиката на македонизация на тези българи, повечето от които са с мюсюлманско вероизпитание. Преди да пристъпи към същността на изложението си, Спас Ташев ни запознава с живота на българите в тези земи през Средно- вековието и през Възраждането и тяхното участие в редица обще- ствени процеси. Много от нашите сънародници там се включват активно в албанското националноосвободително движение, което до- принася за постигане на независимостта на Албания през 1913 г. В анализите си на етнодемографките процеси в Албания между – 9 – двете световни войни, както и през епохата на комунизма, изпъква ро- лята на политическите фактори върху участта на българите. Особено място е отделено на политиката на българската държава и българските институции спрямо това население. На проведената през 1932 г. Втора балканска конференция е постигнат сериозен напредък на българо-ал- банските отношения. В заключителния протокол на форума, в чл. 1, е записано, че се „признава съществуването на българско малцинство в Албания“. Но, както пише в спомените си последния водач на осво- бодителното движение на българите в Македония Иван Михайлов, Югославия и Гърция подлагат на силен натиск правителството на Ал- бания да не прилага решенията на конференцията в частта ѝ за при- знаване на българското малцинство в страната. В това време в Югославия се издават „научни“ трудове на сръбски автори, които твърдят, че българите мюсюлмани в Голо Бърдо са сърби мюсюлмани, че са „наша кръв в Южна Сърбия“; районът е описан като „сръбски предел“. Неизвестни за широката общественост и в същото време са много силни представените в книгата аргументи в защита на истори- ческата истина за българския характер на населението в Източна Ал- бания след Втората световна война, когато Вардарска Македония е обособена като самостоятелна политическа единица в СФРЮ. По ре- шение на Коминтерна, освен в рамките на Р. Македония, на македо- низация са подложени и българите в Албания. Следи от този безумен процес намираме в трудовете на редица скопски учени, които, опи- райки се на предишни демографски проучвания, най-нагло фалшифи- цират съществуващите документи чрез заменянето на етнонима „българи“ с „македонци“. В помощ на югокомунистическите денацио- нализатори на българите в Македония, в наши дни се явяват някои руски учени, които не са скъсали с възприетите по времето на СССР разбирания, произтичащи от решението на Коминтерна за налагането на т. нар. македонски език и етнос. Монографията на Спас Ташев е първото пълноценно етнодемо- графско изследване, посветено на българите в Албания, което с научни средства доказва принадлежността на българоезичното население в Албания към българския етнос. Особено силни аргументи в защита на неговата теза са султанският ферман от 28 февруари 1870 г. за създа- ване на Българската
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