Osservatorio Strategico

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Osservatorio Strategico Sommario Osservatorio EDITORIALE Strategico MONITORAGGIO STRATEGICO Medio Oriente – Golfo Persico ANNO IX NUMERO 5 MAGGIO 2007 Israele – ANP: convergenza d’interessi tra Israele e Fatha 7 L’Osservatorio Strategico è una pubblicazione Diego Baliani del Centro Militare di Studi Strategici, realizzata sotto la direzione editoriale Regione Adriatico – Danubiana – Balcanica dell’Amm. Div. Luciano Callini. Indipendenza del Kosovo, al Consiglio di Sicurezza si tratta sulla bozza USA-UE 13 Le informazioni utilizzate per l’elaborazione Paolo Quercia delle analisi provengono tutte da fonti aperte (pubblicazioni a stampa e siti web) e le fonti, Comunità Stati Indipendenti – Europa Orientale L’Europa a due velocità non citate espressamente nei testi, possono Andrea Grazioso 17 essere fornite su richiesta. Relazioni Transatlantiche Quanto contenuto nelle analisi riflette, Rimandati a settembre pertanto, esclusivamente il pensiero degli Lucio Martino 21 autori, e non quello del Ministero della Difesa né delle Istituzioni militari e/o civili alle quali gli Teatro Afghano autori stessi appartengono. Il tallone d’Achille dei danni collaterali Fausto Biloslavo 27 L’Osservatorio Strategico è disponibile anche in formato elettronico (file PDF) nelle pagine Africa CeMiSS del Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa: Elezioni legislative in Algeria: un divorzio annunciato tra società e sistema www.casd.difesa.it politico? Maria Egizia Gattamorta 37 Iniziative Europee di Difesa La dimensione “sicurezza e difesa” della politica spaziale europea Giovanni Gasparini 43 Cina e India Gli uomini della normalizzazione Centro Militare 47 Nunziante Mastrolia di Studi Strategici America latina Prosegue l’accumulazione di potere in Venezuela 55 Direttore Redazione Riccardo Gefter Wondrich Gen. B. Anselmo Donnari Settore energetico Politica energetica nazionale 59 Dipartimento Relazioni Internazionali Nicola Pedde Palazzo Salviati Piazza della Rovere, 83 00165 – ROMA Organizzazioni Internazionali (ONU) tel. 06 4691 3204 fax 06 6879779 La presidenza americana del Consiglio di Sicurezza 63 e-mail [email protected] Valerio Bosco SOTTO LA LENTE Questo numero è stato chiuso il 31 maggio 2007 Parte dall’Asia Centrale l’OPEC del gas? Lorena di Placido 69 Osservatorio Strategico Anno IX – n°5 Maggio 2007 EDITORIALE Il CeMiSS ha venti anni L’editoriale di questo numero dell’Osservatorio è alquanto insolito, ma per certi versi doveroso. Anziché aprire una “finestra” sul panorama internazionale – come di norma avviene mensilmente – rivolge in questa circostanza uno sguardo al suo interno, ai venti anni di vita del Centro Militare di Studi Strategici (CeMiSS), di cui il presente Osservatorio è diretta emanazione. La ricorrenza è stata anche un’occasione per rievocare le origini e tracciare le prospettive future di questo Centro, che ha contribuito non poco a diffondere la cultura della difesa e della sicurezza nella società civile. Il CeMiSS viene fondato nel 1987, in un momento storico in cui la dinamiche internazionali sembravano subire un’insolita accelerazione. L’Italia era appena uscita dalla crisi con la Libia, risalente all’anno prima. La difesa a nord est rimaneva ancora prioritaria, ma si affacciavano prepotentemente all’orizzonte altri scenari, prima ritenuti del tutto improbabili. A livello strategico, Reagan e Gorbaciov siglavano i primi accordi sullo smantellamento dei missili nucleari in Europa. Nel Golfo, Iran e Iraq continuavano a combattere; l’ONU richiamava invano i due belligeranti al cessate il fuoco. E le due super-potenze, USA e URSS, sembravano aver abbandonato la tradizionale pratica della “gestione per procura” dei conflitti regionali. Insomma, tutto si muoveva, e anche la Difesa sentiva la necessità di guardare oltre, ossia oltre le ipotesi di confronto est-ovest che avevano sostanzialmente monopolizzato il nostro ragionamento per decenni. Ma vi era anche l’esigenza di ricucire la frattura culturale esistente all’interno del nostro Paese, che presentava una situazione oggettivamente complessa: a fronte di una postura militare volta a contrastare una minaccia precisamente collocata in termini geografici e ideologici, persisteva all’interno della società civile un largo schieramento per nulla disposto a riconoscere nell’Unione Sovietica un pericolo da cui difendersi. Per sopravvivere in questa condizione del tutto particolare, la Difesa si era chiusa in se stessa, centellinando i contatti con una società da cui poteva provenire una sorta di “contaminazione culturale”, pericolosissima per la tenuta del morale e della disciplina . Nella seconda metà degli anni ’80, i tempi divenivano maturi per suggerire di annodare un nuovo dialogo con l’intera società italiana, anche con quella parte che criticava aspramente la Difesa e le Forze Armate. E queste furono le condizioni storiche e culturali che indussero pensatori lungimiranti che vestivano l’uniforme a proporre la costituzione di un Centro di Studi Strategici all’interno della Difesa, ma con un sufficiente grado di autonomia che gli consentisse di stabilire rapporti con organismi similari, con il mondo accademico e con quello della ricerca, in Italia e all’estero. In tal modo il CeMiSS iniziava anche a riannodare i rapporti culturali con la società civile nel suo insieme, e con l’ambiente accademico più in particolare. Non è stato un percorso facile, ma la realtà odierna mostra come le Forze Armate siano per la maggior parte della popolazione italiana, un riferimento estremamente positivo. Il CeMiSS ha certamente contribuito al mutamento di opinione in tal senso, diffondendo attraverso studi e ricerche (in una parola “pensiero”), un’immagine della Difesa che si identifica con il Paese nel senso più nobile del termine, che oggi tanti italiani sono tornati finalmente a pronunciare con orgoglio: “Patria”. Il CeMiSS, da allora, ha saputo instaurare un dialogo che non metteva minimamente in discussione i rispettivi riferimenti culturali e professionali, e da allora numerosi sono stati i Osservatorio Strategico Anno IX – n°5 Maggio 2007 EDITORIALE progressi che oggi hanno permesso al Centro di essere un network nazionale che comprende esperti della pubblica amministrazione, del mondo accademico e di quello industriale, ma anche un network internazionale che contribuisce ad elevare il livello di considerazione del nostro Paese nel mondo. In tale quadro, l’Osservatorio Strategico (e la sua sintesi in lingua inglese “Quarterly”) è uno degli strumenti più immediati per veicolare l’esperienza del Centro verso l’esterno. Avviato sin dai primi anni di funzionamento del CeMiSS come paper interno per “addetti ai lavori”, da nove anni viene divulgato sia in forma cartacea che posto on line sul sito della Difesa. L’Osservatorio Strategico è così divenuto un consolidato riferimento nel panorama delle pubblicazioni rivolte ai cultori di difesa e di relazioni internazionali. Ovviamente, come ogni altra rivista periodica, quale che sia il suo contenuto, deve necessariamente evolvere per rimanere al passo con i tempi. L’Osservatorio di oggi vede incentrare il monitoraggio degli eventi a l’analisi strategica, ancor più che nel passato, sulle cosiddette “aree di interesse nazionale”, indicate dalla Difesa come zone geografiche nelle quali e verso le quali è possibile che l’Autorità Politica decida di intraprendere iniziative anche – ma non solo – di carattere militare, ai fini della salvaguardia degli interessi del Paese. Naturalmente, dette aree non sono avulse dal contesto geostrategico che vede l’Italia solidamente ancorata alla politica delle alleanze a cui aderisce e alle Organizzazioni regionali e internazionali di cui fa parte, in primis la NATO, l’Unione Europea e le Nazioni Unite. Anselmo Donnari _____________________________________________________________________________ La rubrica “Sotto la lente” ospita contributi volontari di approfondimento del panorama internazionale, selezionati dalla linea editoriale. Osservatorio Strategico Anno IX – n° 5 Maggio 2007 MONITORAGGIO STRATEGICO Medio Oriente – Golfo Persico Eventi ►Nonostante oltre 100.000 persone abbiano manifestato in piazza chiedendo le dimissioni di Olmert, e nonostante il tentativo palese del suo collega di partito – nonché ministro degli Esteri Tzipi Livni di sostituirlo alla guida dell’Esecutivo, avvenuto il 2 maggio, i parlamentari di Ka- dima, riunitisi d’urgenza il 3 maggio, hanno confermato con 26 voti su 29 il proprio sostegno alla decisione di Olmert di mantenere la carica di primo ministro. La popolarità di Olmert, già bassa, ha subito un forte colpo in seguito alla pubblicazione del rapporto Winograd a fine apri- le, relativo alla gestione della guerra dei 34 giorni contro Hizballah dell’agosto 2006. ►Il 3 maggio il magg. gen. William Caldwell, delle Forze Armate USA, ha confermato l’avvenuta uccisione – nell’ambito dell’operazione anti-guerriglia “Rap Trap”, vicino alla cit- tà di Taji – di Muharib Abdul Latif al-Juburi (ritenuto il “ministro dell’informazione” di al- Qa’ida in Iraq). Al-Juburi è ritenuto responsabile di diversi sequestri di alto profilo ai danni di occidentali perpetrati in Iraq, tra cui quello della giornalista del Christian Science Monitor, Jill Carroll (sequestrata nel gennaio 2006 e in seguito rilasciata nel febbraio 2006) e quello dei 4 quattro operatori del gruppo Christian Peacemaker Teams, finito con l’uccisione di Tom Fox (il cui cadavere fu ritrovato il 10 marzo 2006). ►Dal 20 maggio le forze dell’esercito libanese stanno combattendo contro i membri del sedi- cente gruppo Fatah al-Islam, presso il campo
Recommended publications
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Current Provincial Leaders Cheng Li
    Li, China Leadership Monitor, No.7 Analysis of Current Provincial Leaders Cheng Li China has experienced a large-scale turnover in its national leadership, as demonstrated by the recently held 16th Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and 10th National People’s Congress (NPC). Less noted, but equally significant, is the rapid change of political elites at the level of provincial leadership. These two national institutions’ equivalents at the provincial level have also selected their top leaders during the past few months. An analysis of the elite change at the provincial level not only sheds valuable light on the relationship between the central and provincial governments, but also provides clues about the characteristics of future top national leaders. China’s provincial-level administrations enjoy more autonomy to advance their local economic interests today than at any other time in the past half century. The dynamic interaction between the need for national integration and the demand for regional autonomy has emerged as a central issue in Chinese politics. Furthermore, provincial leadership posts have become major stepping-stones to positions of national leadership during the past decade. For example, the percentage of 16th Politburo members with previous experience as top provincial leaders (deputy party secretaries, vice governors, or above) rose sharply over the last decade: from 55 percent in 1992 to 68 percent in 1997, and again to 83 percent by 2002.1 Thus, understanding the provincial leaders’ biographical backgrounds, tenure in office, political socialization, career patterns, and rate of reshuffling is essential to the study of Chinese politics. This study focuses on the 412 current top provincial leaders, a cluster of elites that includes all current provincial party secretaries, governors (or mayors of provincial-level administrations in the cities), deputy provincial party secretaries, and vice governors or vice mayors.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement October 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 48 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 49 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 56 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 60 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • China Data Supplement January 2007
    China Data Supplement January 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 55 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 57 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 69 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 73 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16Th Party Congress
    CIVIL-MILITARY CHANGE IN CHINA: ELITES, INSTITUTES, AND IDEAS AFTER THE 16TH PARTY CONGRESS Edited by Andrew Scobell Larry Wortzel September 2004 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Offi ce by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or by e-mail at [email protected] ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-165-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley............................................................................ v 1. Introduction Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel................................................................. 1 2. Party-Army Relations Since the 16th Party Congress: The Battle of the “Two Centers”? James C.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement February 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 43 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 48 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 55 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 59 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 February 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement September 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 47 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 48 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 55 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 60 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 September 2008 The Main National Leadership
    [Show full text]
  • Local Leadership and Economic Development: Democratic India Vs
    No. 24 | 2010 China Papers Local Leadership and Economic Development: Democratic India vs. Authoritarian China Bo Zhiyue China Papers ABSTRACT What is the impact of the type of political regime on economic development? Does democracy foster economic growth? Or is an authoritarian regime in a better position to promote material welfare? The conventional wisdom, as detailed in Adam Przeworski et al (2000), is that the regime type has no impact on economic growth. Democracy neither fosters nor hinders economic development. However, the cases of India and China seem to suggest otherwise. In the past three decades, India—the largest democracy in the world—has sustained a moderate rate of economic growth while China—the largest authoritarian regime— has witnessed an unprecedented period of economic expansion. Using data on economic growth at the state/provincial level from India and China, this study attempts to understand the impact of political regimes on economic development. The chapter will review the literature on regimes and economic development, highlight the contrast in economic growth between India and China in the past six decades, examine the two countries at the state/provincial level, and explore the impact of local leadership on economic development in a comparative framework. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Zhiyue BO is a Senior Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore. China Papers Local Leadership and Economic Development: Democratic India vs. Authoritarian China Bo Zhiyue I. Introduction What is the impact of the type of political regime on economic development? Does democracy foster economic growth? Or is an authoritarian regime in a better position to promote material welfare? The conventional wisdom, as detailed in Adam Przeworski et al (2000),1 is that the regime type has no impact on economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Politics in 2007: Power Consolidation, Personnel Change
    Briefing Series – Issue 33 CHINA’S POLITICS IN 2007: POWER CONSOLIDATION, PERSONNEL CHANGE AND POLICY REORIENTATION Gang CHEN Liang Fook LYE Dali YANG Zhengxu WANG © Copyright China Policy Institute January 2008 China House University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)115 846 7769 Fax: +44 (0)115 846 7900 Email: [email protected] Website: www.chinapolicyinstitute.org The China Policy Institute was set up to analyse critical policy challenges faced by China in its rapid development. Its goals are to help expand the knowledge and understanding of contemporary China in Britain, Europe and worldwide, to help build a more informed dialogue between China and the UK and Europe, and to contribute to government and business strategies. 1 Summary 1. The year 2007 witnessed the convening of the 17 th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). General Secretary Hu Jintao further consolidated his power by bringing his trusted officials into the Political Bureau and having his “Scientific Development” concept enshrined in the Party Constitution. 2. Nevertheless, the Party Congress was not a landslide victory for Hu, who reportedly made a compromise with the Shanghai Clique and the Princelings Group by making Xi Jinping the frontrunner to succeed him in five year’s time. 3. Li Keqiang, two years younger than Xi and favored by Hu, joined the Standing Political Bureau Committee. He is to become vice premier in March 2008 and expected to succeed Wen Jiabao as premier five years later. 4. Besides Xi and Li, several new Political Bureau members in their 50s, including Li Yuanchao, Wang Yang, Bo Xilai and Wang Qishan, have the potential to stay in the core leadership for another ten years and may even stand a chance to become General Secretary or Premier.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Mobility of Chinese Regional Leaders Liang Qiao Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Performance, preference, promotion: political mobility of Chinese regional leaders Liang Qiao Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Qiao, Liang, "Performance, preference, promotion: political mobility of Chinese regional leaders" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1563. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1563 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PERFORMANCE, PREFERENCE, PROMOTION: POLITICAL MOBILITY OF CHINESE REGIONAL LEADERS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Liang Qiao B.A., Taiyuan University of Technology, 2003 M.A., Peking University, 2006 May 2012 i To Shanxi Province, and Her People ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest gratitude is to my advisor, Dr. William A. Clark. I have been truly fortunate to have an advisor who gave me the guidance to help me complete my doctoral study at LSU. His patience and support helped me overcome many crucial situations and finish this dissertation. I hope that one day I would become as good an advisor to my students as Dr. Clark has been to me. I am very grateful to all the professors who had taught me from LSU Department of Political Science; the intellectual training I received from whom is simply priceless.
    [Show full text]