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Our Water, Our Life an Aboriginal Study in the Northern Basin

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Our Water, Our Life an Aboriginal Study in the Northern Basin Our water, our life An Aboriginal study in the northern basin July 2016 Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin Published by the Murray‒Darling Basin Authority Postal Address: GPO Box 1801, Canberra ACT 2601 Telephone: (02) 6279 0100 international + 61 2 6279 0100 Facsimile: (02) 6248 8053 international + 61 2 6248 8053 Email: [email protected] Internet: mdba.gov.au MDBA publication no.: 04/16 ISBN (print): 978-1-925221-58-9 ISBN (online): 978-1-925221-59-6 All material and work produced by the Murray‒Darling Basin Authority constitutes Commonwealth copyright. MDBA reserves the right to set out the terms and conditions for the use of such material. With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, photographs, the Murray‒Darling Basin Authority logo or other logos and emblems, any material protected by a trade mark, any content provided by third parties, and where otherwise noted, all material presented in this publication is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au © Murray‒Darling Basin Authority 2016. The Murray‒Darling Basin Authority’s preference is that you attribute this publication (and any Murray‒ Darling Basin Authority material sourced from it) using the following wording within your work: Title: Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin Source: Licensed from the Murray‒Darling Basin Authority under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence As far as practicable, material for which the copyright is owned by a third party will be clearly labelled. The Murray‒Darling Basin Authority has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that this material has been reproduced in this publication with the full consent of the copyright owners. Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this publication are welcome by contacting the Murray‒ Darling Basin Authority. Cover image: Brewarrina Survey Collectors in training (photo by Susan Goff) Disclaimer To the extent permitted by law, the Murray‒Darling Basin Authority and the Commonwealth excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this report (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained within it. Accessibility The Murray‒Darling Basin Authority makes its documents and information available in accessible formats. On some occasions the highly technical nature of the document means that we cannot make some sections fully accessible. If you encounter accessibility problems or the document is in a format that you cannot access, please contact us. Page 2 Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin Acknowledgement of the Traditional Owners of the Murray–Darling Basin The Murray–Darling Basin Authority acknowledges and pays respect to the Traditional Owners, and their Nations, of the Murray–Darling Basin, who have a deep cultural, social, environmental, spiritual and economic connection to their lands and waters. The MDBA understands the need for recognition of Traditional Owner knowledge and cultural values in natural resource management associated with the basin. The approach of Traditional Owners to caring for the natural landscape, including water, can be expressed in the words of Darren Perry (Chair of the Murray Lower Darling Rivers Indigenous Nations) — …the environment that Aboriginal people know as Country has not been allowed to have a voice in contemporary Australia. Aboriginal First Nations have been listening to Country for many thousands of years and can speak for Country so that others can know what Country needs. Through the Murray Lower Darling Rivers Indigenous Nations and the Northern Basin Aboriginal Nations the voice of Country can be heard by all. This report may contain photographs or quotes by Aboriginal people who have passed away. The use of terms ‘Aboriginal’ and ‘Indigenous’ reflects usage in different communities within the Murray–Darling Basin. Acknowledgements The project team acknowledges the significant contributions of the respondents, the local facilitators, and the Aboriginal survey collectors in Brewarrina, St George and Dirranbandi. We are also appreciative of the critical reviews of the Northern Basin Aboriginal Nations Board, Dr Brenda Dyack (Canberra University) and Dr Janet Hunt (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU) each of which were considered in producing the final survey and its reports. The research tool and reports were prepared by Dr Susan Goff, reviewed and co-developed with Neil Ward, Director Aboriginal Partnerships and Dr Phil Townsend, Senior Economic Advisor, MDBA. The study team thanks the contributions of fellow members of the Aboriginal Partnerships Team, and the Socioeconomic Unit. Page 3 Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin Definitions of Terms Term Definition Aboriginal Refers to people identifying with Aboriginal cultures in Australia and who are accepted as such by their Aboriginal Nation Aboriginal Submissions A collection of 480 narratives authored by Aboriginal people living in Database the basin and describing their relationships to the basin’s waterways Assets Framework A conceptual tool for identifying and analysing Environmental and Social Capital as Assets at landscape scales of socioeconomic development. Such Assets are not presumed to have monetary value Country In the context of Australian Aboriginal Nations’ interests the term ‘Country’ refers to land and everything it holds including socio- ecological characteristics distinctive to a specific Nation’s inherited rights and obligations Critical iterative An approach to developing a research strategy or product in stages, methodology each stage providing critical review and resulting modification of the strategy. ‘Critical’ refers to identification and analysis of assumptions in the thinking behind the methodology Cultural knowledge Inherited and accumulated knowledge about natural, social, cultural, economic and spiritual relationships specific to a cultural group and reflected in language, stories, social systems, arts, sciences, values, beliefs, laws and customs Cultural safety A quality of behaviours and other contextual factors that enable a person or group of people to exercise their cultural differences without fear, disempowerment or diminishment Cultural water Allocations of water owned by Aboriginal peoples for their cultural purposes Environmental water Allocations of water for environmental purposes Likert scale A point scale used in surveys to allow respondents to choose weighted responses to a statement such as: ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘strongly agree’ Representativeness A sample or subset of a population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population in terms of statistical representation Sociocultural Descriptors associated with specific social groups and their inherited beliefs, values and behaviours (e.g. an Aboriginal Nation’s descriptors) Sociocultural Capital A socioeconomic asset reflective of a group of people’s distinctive inherited beliefs, values and behaviours (e.g. customary livelihood) Standpoint A position or perspective held by an individual or demographic group, reflecting their life experience and values (e.g. women’s standpoint, young peoples’ standpoint) Statistical variation A measure of how data distributes itself around different questions pointing to patterns of difference and similarity which inform data interpretation Traditional Owners People who identify with one or more Aboriginal Nations and are recognised by their Nations as having cultural obligations for their Country Waterway A body of surface water with distinctive characteristics (e.g. lake, river, billabong) which may be linked to other bodies of water, and may include manmade features such as dams or weirs Page 4 Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin Weighted average An average in which responses to survey questions are averaged by taking into account the weight of the response and the number of responses The Northern Basin Aboriginal Nations Board: Front row (L-R) Maureen McKellar, Fred Hooper (Chair), Margaret Seckold. Back row (L-R) Tony Munro, Feli McHughes, Cyril Logan, Peter Harris, Owen Murphy, Michael (Ghillar) Anderson. Page 5 Our water, our life: An Aboriginal study in the northern basin The importance of environmental water to Aboriginal Nations in the northern basin Our people are drawn to the water. When it rains and the flows are good, we gather at the waterways to fish, the children play and swim, and we enjoy being together. We hear laughter and we are happy which is good for the wellbeing of our people. We are happy because Country is happy; when Country is happy our spirits are happy. Good flows clean the waterways out. Food grows so we can hunt, fish and harvest wild tucker. Wild tucker is good for our physical health including our immune systems. When it rains and things grow we begin to see how the growth of one thing leads to the growth of another. That’s when our Aboriginal science becomes visible to us: we see how the growth of certain plants leads to the increase in certain insect populations which leads to increases in bird populations. These populations of living things are related to our totemic obligations. We teach our science, obligations and the ceremonies — these are all a part of healthy Country — to our children; and we
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