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BS’D La Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel מצות ישוב ארץ ישראל LAS ENSEÑANZAS DE NUESTROS SABIOS ACERCA DEL MANDAMIENTO Y DE NUESTRA OBLIGACIÓN MORAL DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL “Vivir en Eretz Israel es el equivalente de todas las Mitzvot de la Torá.” (Sifre, Parashat Ree, Tosefta Avoda Zara 5) “Uno siempre debe vivir en Eretz Israel, incluso en una ciudad donde la mayoría sean idólatras, y no en Jutz la Aretz, aun en una ciudad donde la mayoría sean Judíos ya que el que vive en Eretz Israel es como alguien que tiene un dios y aquel que vive fuera de Eretz Israel es como alguien que no tiene un dios.” (Talmud Ketuvot 110) INSTITUTO BEIT YOSEF, BEER SHEVA, ERETZ ISRAEL 5765 “No hay amor como el amor por Eretz Israel” (Bamidbar Rabá 23:7). “No hay Torá como la Torá de Eretz Israel” (Bereshit Rabá 16, 7). “El aire de Eretz Israel lo hace a uno sabio” (Bava Batra 158b). “Hay 10 medidas de Torá en el mundo. 9 están en Eretz Israel y 1 en el resto del mundo”. (Ester Rabá 1). “No hay mayor derogación de la Torá (Bitul Torá) que [la que se produjo] cuando los Judíos fueron exilados de su lugar.” (Talmud Babli Jaguigá 5b). "Si deseais ver la presencia de la Shejiná en este mundo, entonces estudiad Torá en Eretz Israel." (Midrash Tehilim 105) “Es preferible vivir en los desiertos de Eretz Israel que en los palacios de jutz laAretz.” (Bereshit Rabá 39:8). “Ha Kaddosh Baruj Hu Dijo: “Un grupo pequeño en Eretz Israel Me es más querido que un Sanedrín pleno fuera de La Tierra”. (Yerushalmi Sanedrín 86). “¿Por qué Moshé Rabenu anheló entrar a Eretz Israel? ¿Necesitaba acaso comer de sus frutos o satisfacerse con su abundancia? Antes bien, Moshé dijo: Al pueblo de Israel le han sido dados muchos mandamientos y ellos no pueden ser cumplidos excepto en Eretz Israel.” (Talmud Sota 14). Rav Zera dijo: “Hasta la conversación de los hijos de Eretz Israel es Torá.” (Vayikrá Rabá 34). Rabí Yehudá dijo: “Afortunado aquel a quien le fue concedido en vida residir en la Tierra Santa.” (Zohar HaKadosh III, 72B). LA MITZVA DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Vivir en Eretz Israel es el equivalente de todas las Mitzvot de la Torá. (Sifri Reé, Tosefta Avoda Zara 5). Y quita de tu corazón esa falsa creencia que un hombre tiene más bendición fuera de la Tierra (Alshij ha Kaddosh, Ki Tavo 28:6) Todos los rezos de Israel son para el Beit ha Mikdash. Ay Mi Señor ¿Cuando se construirá el Beit ha Mikdash? (Bereshit Rabba 13:2). Bendito sea Hashem quien nos dió la oportunidad de presentar este trabajo a nuestros hermanos Judíos. Este libro es una compilación de escritos de Grandes Rabinos del pueblo de Israel, nuestros Sabios del Tanaj, Talmud, Zohar ha Kaddosh, Midrash, Rishonim y Ajaronim. El libro trata sobre lo que estos Sabios dijeron sobre la Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel. Estos Sabios, que entendieron la centralidad de Eretz Israel en relación a la Torá y a las Mitzvot, nos dejaron un claro mensaje a todos nosotros en cuanto a nuestro deber moral de asentarnos en la Tierra que Hashem eligió para darnos a nosotros, Su pueblo Israel. Ya que este tema, la Mitzvá de vivir in Eretz Israel, le concierne a todo Judío no importa cual sea su condición, consideramos apropiado que todos lo lean. Y concluiremos con una Tefilá a Ha Kaddosh Baruj Hu dicha por Rebbe Najman of Bresslov ZTKL: Por favor Hashem, sé bueno conmigo de acuerdo a Tu voluntad, y dame con compasión y bondad y como un regalo gratis, el mérito para que pueda yo ir pronto a vivir a Eretz Israel, Eretz Ha Keddosha, la tierra que nuestros antepasados heredaron, la Tierra que los Tzaddikim auténticos desearon ver con toda su alma y desearon estar allí, y muchos de ellos llegaron allí, y repararon lo que tuvieron que reparar e hicieron lo que tuvieron que hacer, y ameritaron lo que ameritaron, todo en el mérito de Eretz Israel, la cual es el centro de la Keddusha de todo el mundo. Hashem, purifícame en tu gran compasión, para que yo junto con todo Israel, tengamos el deseo y el anhelo y la intención real de ir a vivir en Eretz Israel, pronto y de una manera fácil, porque Tu conoces mi necesidad, Tu sabes cuanto necesito estar en Eretz Israel Rebe Najman de Breslov 2 LA MITZVA DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL PARTE I CITAS BREVES SOBRE LA MITZVÁ DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL Sucedió que Rabi Eleazar ben Shamua y Rabi Yojanan Ha Sandlar iban hacia Netzivim (fuera de Eretz Israel) a estudiar Tora con Rabi Yehudá ben Beteira. Llegaron a Sidon [En la frontera] y se recordaron de Eretz Israel. Elevaron sus ojos y lágrimas corrieron por sus mejillas. Desgarraron sus vestiduras y recitaron el versículo, ‘Heredad la Tierra y vivid allí.’ (Devarim/Deuteronomio 11:31-32). [Este verso indica la Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel] Se devolvieron y regresaron a casa, diciendo: “Vivir en Eretz Israel es el equivalente de todas las Mitzvot [contenidas] en la Torá.” (Sifrei, Parashat Ree) Sucedió una vez que Rabi Yehudá ben Beteira y Rabi Matya ben Harash y Rabi Janina y Rabi Yonatan iban camino fuera de Eretz Israel. Cuando llegaron a Paltus, se recordaron de Eretz Israel. Elevaron sus ojos y lágrimas corrieron por sus mejillas. Desgarraron sus vestiduras y recitaron el versículo, ‘Heredad la Tierra y vivid allí.’ (Devarim/Deuteronomio 11:31-32). Se devolvieron y regresaron a casa, diciendo: “Vivir en Eretz Israel es el equivalente de todas las Mitzvot [contenidas] en la Torá.” (Sifrei, Parashat Ree) Es una Mitzvá asentarse en Eretz Israel y vivir allí, tal como está escrito: “...los expulsaréis y viviréis en su tierra.” (Devarim/Deuteronomio 12:29). (Sifre Ree 28). LA MITZVÁ DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL SIGUE VIGENTE El Sefer Jaredim (Mitzvot Ase HaTeluyot b’Eretz Israel, Cap. 1, Sec. 15) afirma: “Hay un mandamiento bíblico positivo de vivir en Eretz Israel, como está dicho, ‘Cuando hayas entrado en la tierra que el Eterno tu D-os te da [por herencia], y tomes posesión de ella y la habites...’ (Devarim/Deuteronomio 17:14). Los Sabios dicen que esta Mitzvá es igual a todas las Mitzvot de la Torá (Sifrei, Reé 28) y es una de las 613 Mitzvot de acuerdo al Ramban y al Rashbetz.” El Maharam Schick concuerda (Yoré Deá , 225), así como también el Maharsham (Vol. 1, Sec. 18). Este último cita al LA MITZVA DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL 3 Maharam (Krimona, 5317 [1557], Sec. 199), el cual declara que no hay diferencia entre el presente y la era del Templo; se trata siempre de una Mitzvá. En su santa obra, Azor Eliyahu, p. 194, el autor del Sefer Shevet Musar [Rabi Eliyahu ha Cohen] escribe que la Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel está en efecto incluso cuando la Tierra está en ruinas. VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL ES UNA MITZVÁ QUE INCLUYE TODA LA TORA Vivir en Eretz Israel es una Mitzvá que comprende toda la Tora y aquel que camina 4 Amot en Eretz Israel está asegurado de una porción en el Mundo Venidero [Ketuvot 111a] Or ha Jayim Devarim 30:20 Vivir en Eretz Israel es una Mitzvá por si misma y asi hemos visto cúanto insistieron nuestros Rabinos en la Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel Or ha Jayim Ketuvot 111, Devarim 26:1 “Y Hashem le dijo a Avram: “Vete de tu tierra y de tu lugar de nacimiento y de la casa de tu padre al la tierra que te mostraré” (Bereshit12) La Mitzvá de Vivir en Eretz Israel es una Mitzvá muy grande puesto que fue la primera que Hashem encomendó a un Judío [Abraham] Rabi Meir Yejiel de Ostrovtza ¿Acaso no sabes? ¿Acaso no has escuchado? La belleza, la gloria y la grandeza de la Mitzvá de ayudar al asentamiento de Eretz Israel, porque es una gran Mitzvá despertar el viejo amor y el deseo por la Tierra Santa para renovar el amor de antaño, para que este amor arda con llamas de fuego El Alter Rebbe traído en el Sefer Mishnat Yoel Porque el lugar principal para observar las Mitzvot es en la tierra de los vivos, Eretz Israel Jatam Sofer Vayeshev Es una Mitzvá para todo Judío fijar su residencia en Eretz Israel y asentarse allí de acuerdo a sus posibilidades Rabbi Menachem ha Meiri Cada persona debe ayudar a su hermano con toda su fuerza y con todo su poder si este desea establecerse en Eretz Israel, cuan placentero si todos sus hermanos lo ayudan, porque ese hermano es la sangre de ellos como está escrito: “No te escondas de tu sangre” (Yeshayahu 58) Pele Yoetz, Eretz Israel 4 LA MITZVA DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL EL GAÓN DE VILNA ACONSEJABA A SUS ESTUDIANTES HACER ALIYÁ A ERETZ ISRAEL “Nuestro maestro, el Gaón de Vilna, Kadosh Israel, con palabras esculpidas en llamas, aconsejaba a sus estudiantes hacer Aliyá a Eretz Israel y fomentar la reunión de los exilados. Más aún, él estimulaba a sus estudiantes a apresurar el Fin Revelado y el cumplimiento de la redención mediante el asentamiento de Eretz Israel. Casi todos los días nos hablaba con emoción temblorosa, diciendo que en Zion y Yerushalaim habría un refugio, y que no debíamos demorar la oportunidad de ir. ¿Quién podría articular o quién podría describir la magnitud de la preocupación de nuestro maestro al decirnos estas palabras, con su Ruaj HaKodesh y lágrimas en sus ojos?” (Kol HaTor, final del Capítulo Cinco).
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    Henry Hollander Bookseller, Catalogue 14, Hebrew Language 11/14/2005 03:45 PM Henry Hollander Bookseller Catalogue No. 14 Hebrew Language Illustration: "The Melamed from Chelm," Yossel Bergner, 59 Illustrations to All the Folk Tales of Itzchok Leibus Perez. Hertz & Edelstein, Montreal, 1950. 1. Abraham, Yitzhak Tzvi. Seder Beyt David. B'nei Brak, 1965. Reprint. $30.00 Royal octavo, blue cloth, 108 pp. Very Good. [#10006] Originally published in 1846. 2. Abramovitz, Chaim Yitzhak. VeHai BaHem: Pikuach Nefesh BeHalakhah. $30.00 Leket Mekorot Meforshim MeiRishonei HaTanaim ve'ad Achronei HaPoskim. Jerusalem, Hotzaat Sefarim Orot, 1957. Royal octavo, red paper covered boards over a maroon cloth spine, 297 pp. Very Good. [#10462] 3. Abulafia, R. Todros ben Yoseph HaLevi. Sha'ar Ha-Razim. Jerusalem, $45.00 Mossad Bialik, 1989. Royal octavo in dust jacket, 197 pp., footnotes, bibliography, indexes. Very Good. [#10240] Edited from the Manuscripts with Introduction and Annotations by Michal Kushmir-Oron. 4. Agnon, S.Y. Al Kafot HaMeneul: Sipurai Ahavim. Kol Sipuriv shel Shmuel $25.00 Yosef Agnon. Kerach Shlishi. Tel Aviv, Schocken, 1966. Duodecimo in dust jacket, 491 pp. Very Good. [#9979] This volume only. 5. Aharonin, Ben. David Marcus - Gibor. New York, United Synagogue $15.00 Commission on Jewish Education, 1962 (1954). Second printing. Octavo, printed boards, 64 pp., b/w drawings by Ruth Levin. Very Good. [#9987] In Hebrew with vocabulary footnotes. 6. Ahron ben Moshe ben Ascher. Sefer Diqduqe Hatte' Amin/ Die Dikduke $45.00 HaTeAmin des Ahron ben Moscheh ben Asher und andere alte grammatisch-massoretische Lehrstücke zur Feststellung eines richtigen Textes der hebräischen Bibel mit Benutzung zahlreicher alter Handschriften zum ersten Male vollständig.
  • Suckling at My Mother's Breasts

    Suckling at My Mother's Breasts

    CHAPTER 1 Breastfeeding and Religious Transmission in Rabbinic Literature Sarah stood and uncovered herself, and her two breasts were pouring milk like two spouts of water. As it is written: “And she said, Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would suckle children?” (Genesis 21:7). —Pesikta Rabbati 43:4 Introduction This chapter explores rabbinic texts that use breastfeeding as a meta- phor for spiritual transmission. While these works do not identify God as a nursing mother, they contain two themes that are central to the breastfeeding divine’s development in later medieval mystical literature. The first theme presents nursing as a metaphor for transmitting spiri- tual orientation and is found in stories of prominent Biblical figures such as Sarah, Moses, and Esther. Although these texts address different ideological concerns, they are linked by the concept that suckling a mother’s (or, as shall be seen, a father’s) milk transmits a life-long spiri- tual disposition. The preferred disposition in these texts is an orienta- tion toward Judaism, holiness, and performing good deeds. The second theme presents suckling mother’s milk as a metaphor for learning and experiencing the Torah. This theme is related to the first, since Judaism understands Torah study as an important way to achieve positive and desirable spirituality. The second theme also incorporates descriptions 15 © 2012 State University of New York Press, Albany Haskell_Suckling.indd 15 8/22/12 8:06 PM 16 SUCKLING AT MY MOTHER’S BREASTS of the Torah as a nursing mother. These feminineT orah associations anticipate the two themes’ convergence in kabbalistic literature, where Torah becomes one of Shekhinah’s many signifiers.