The Nuances of TRGM(” to Translate ”) in the Rabbinic Writings
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September/October
A Traditional, Egalitarian and Participatory Conservative Synagogue ELUL 5777/TISHREI/HESHVAN 5778 NEWSLETTER/VOLUME 30:1 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2017 Or Zarua Annual Tshuvah Lecture Selihot Study with Rabbi Bolton Rabbinic Irreverence: Repentance and Forgiveness Imagining a Repentant God at the Time of the Spanish Expulsion: Rabbi Dov Weiss, PhD Abarbanel’s Take on Tshuvah Department of Religion University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Saturday, September 16 8:00 pm: Dessert Reception Sunday evening, September 24, 6:00 pm 8:30 pm: Selihot Study s we approach transgressing Torah law. Dr. Weiss (son with Rabbi Bolton the High Holy of Rabbi Avi Weiss) recently published a 9:30: pm Selihot Service Days, the process book, Pious Irreverence: Confronting God of repentance in Rabbinic Judaism, that ach Shabbat of 5777 we have Amust become our focus. explores these daring Egleaned from Don Yitzhak Abarbanel's As the High Holy Day Rabbinic texts. erudite commentary on the weekly Torah liturgy makes clear, our In this Tshuvah Lecture, portion. At Selihot, as we turn towards fate for the coming year Dr. Weiss will address why the new year, we will study selections may hinge on the efficacy some Rabbis envisioned a from the masterwork that address and of our tshuvah, which must involve genuine perfect God as performing explore repentance. This past year, while introspection, a thoroughgoing refinement tshuvah and what religious we have seen some of those passages as of character, and a deep commitment to values and insight might they arose in the context of our reading improvement in our conduct. Each year at Or be expressed in these radical texts. -
Jewish Intertestamental and Early Rabbinic Literature: an Annotated Bibliographic Resource Updated Again (Part 2)
JETS 63.4 (2020): 789–843 JEWISH INTERTESTAMENTAL AND EARLY RABBINIC LITERATURE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCE UPDATED AGAIN (PART 2) DAVID W. CHAPMAN AND ANDREAS J. KÖSTENBERGER* Part 1 of this annotated bibliography appeared in the previous issue of JETS (see that issue for an introduction to this resource). This again is the overall struc- ture: Part 1: 1. General Reference Tools; 2. Old Testament Versions; 3. Apocrypha; 4. Pseudepigrapha; Part 2: 5. Dead Sea Scrolls; 6. Individual Authors (Philo, Jose- phus, Pseudo-Philo, Fragmentary Works); 7. Rabbinic Literature; 8. Other Early Works from the Rabbinic Period; 9. Addenda to Part 1. 5. DEAD SEA SCROLLS While the Dead Sea Scrolls are generally associated with Qumran, properly they also cover discoveries from approximately a dozen other sites in the desert wilderness surrounding the Dead Sea, such as those at Naal ever, Murabbaat, and Masada. The approximately 930 MSS from Qumran were penned from the 3rd c. BC through the 1st c. AD. The Masada texts include Jewish scrolls from the time leading up to the Roman conquest (AD 73) and subsequent Roman documents. The finds at Naal ever and Murabbaat include documents from the time of the Bar Kokhba revolt (AD 132–135). Other Bar Kokhba era documents are known from Ketef Jericho, Wadi Sdeir, Naal Mishmar, and Naal eelim (see DJD 38). For a full accounting, see the lists by Tov under “Bibliography” below. The non- literary documentary papyri (e.g. wills, deeds of sale, marriage documents, etc.) are not covered below. Recent archaeological efforts seeking further scrolls from sur- rounding caves (esp. -
Our Very Life the Sukkah Helps the Jews Remember Their History and Their Covenant with God
TORAH FROM JTS www.jtsa.edu/torah A Jewish man remembers the sukkah in his grandfather’s home And the sukkah remembers for him The wandering in the desert that remembers The grace of youth and the tablets of the Ten Commandments Sukkot 5778 סוכות תשע"ח And the Golden Calf and the thirst and the hunger That remembers Egypt. Our Very Life The sukkah helps the Jews remember their history and their covenant with God. The image of the 19th century sukkah from the collection of the Paris Dr. Jason Rogoff, Academic Director of Israel Jewish Museum expresses this notion with its elaborate panels depicting not Programs, Assistant Professor of Talmud and only images of an Austrian village, the dwelling of the owner of the sukkah, Rabbinics, JTS but also a view of Jerusalem, the walls of the old city, and the Decalogue. One time it happened that a priest poured the libation on his I hope that this year you invite into your sukkah not only your friends and feet, and all the people pelted him with their etrogim. family but also those who are no longer with us yet remain part of our (M. Sukkah 4:9) memories of the past. The above Mishnah describes a scandalous episode set on the festival of Sukkot during the Second Temple period. The previous mishnah explains that on each day of the festival there was a ceremony where the priests would fill a golden flask with water from the Shiloah spring and bring it to the Temple to offer as a sacrifice on the altar. -
Foreword, Abbreviations, Glossary
FOREWORD, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY The Soncino Babylonian Talmud TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH NOTES Reformatted by Reuven Brauner, Raanana 5771 1 FOREWORDS, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY Halakhah.com Presents the Contents of the Soncino Babylonian Talmud TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH NOTES, GLOSSARY AND INDICES UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF R AB B I D R . I. EPSTEIN B.A., Ph.D., D. Lit. FOREWORD BY THE VERY REV. THE LATE CHIEF RABBI DR. J. H. HERTZ INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR THE SONCINO PRESS LONDON Original footnotes renumbered. 2 FOREWORDS, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY These are the Sedarim ("orders", or major There are about 12,800 printed pages in the divisions) and tractates (books) of the Soncino Talmud, not counting introductions, Babylonian Talmud, as translated and indexes, glossaries, etc. Of these, this site has organized for publication by the Soncino about 8050 pages on line, comprising about Press in 1935 - 1948. 1460 files — about 63% of the Soncino Talmud. This should in no way be considered The English terms in italics are taken from a substitute for the printed edition, with the the Introductions in the respective Soncino complete text, fully cross-referenced volumes. A summary of the contents of each footnotes, a master index, an index for each Tractate is given in the Introduction to the tractate, scriptural index, rabbinical index, Seder, and a detailed summary by chapter is and so on. given in the Introduction to the Tractate. SEDER ZERA‘IM (Seeds : 11 tractates) Introduction to Seder Zera‘im — Rabbi Dr. I Epstein INDEX Foreword — The Very Rev. The Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie Abbreviations Glossary 1. -
La Mitzva De Vivir En Eretz Israel 1
BS’D La Mitzvá de vivir en Eretz Israel מצות ישוב ארץ ישראל LAS ENSEÑANZAS DE NUESTROS SABIOS ACERCA DEL MANDAMIENTO Y DE NUESTRA OBLIGACIÓN MORAL DE VIVIR EN ERETZ ISRAEL “Vivir en Eretz Israel es el equivalente de todas las Mitzvot de la Torá.” (Sifre, Parashat Ree, Tosefta Avoda Zara 5) “Uno siempre debe vivir en Eretz Israel, incluso en una ciudad donde la mayoría sean idólatras, y no en Jutz la Aretz, aun en una ciudad donde la mayoría sean Judíos ya que el que vive en Eretz Israel es como alguien que tiene un dios y aquel que vive fuera de Eretz Israel es como alguien que no tiene un dios.” (Talmud Ketuvot 110) INSTITUTO BEIT YOSEF, BEER SHEVA, ERETZ ISRAEL 5765 “No hay amor como el amor por Eretz Israel” (Bamidbar Rabá 23:7). “No hay Torá como la Torá de Eretz Israel” (Bereshit Rabá 16, 7). “El aire de Eretz Israel lo hace a uno sabio” (Bava Batra 158b). “Hay 10 medidas de Torá en el mundo. 9 están en Eretz Israel y 1 en el resto del mundo”. (Ester Rabá 1). “No hay mayor derogación de la Torá (Bitul Torá) que [la que se produjo] cuando los Judíos fueron exilados de su lugar.” (Talmud Babli Jaguigá 5b). "Si deseais ver la presencia de la Shejiná en este mundo, entonces estudiad Torá en Eretz Israel." (Midrash Tehilim 105) “Es preferible vivir en los desiertos de Eretz Israel que en los palacios de jutz laAretz.” (Bereshit Rabá 39:8). “Ha Kaddosh Baruj Hu Dijo: “Un grupo pequeño en Eretz Israel Me es más querido que un Sanedrín pleno fuera de La Tierra”. -
Marc Hirshman
THE TIKVAH CENTER FOR LAW & JEWISH CIVILIZATION Professor Moshe Halbertal Professor J.H.H. Weiler Directors of The Tikvah Center Tikvah Working Paper 07/12 Marc Hirshman Individual and Group Learning in Rabbinic Literature: Some Key Terms NYU School of Law • New York, NY 10011 The Tikvah Center Working Paper Series can be found at http://www.nyutikvah.org/publications.html All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author. ISSN 2160‐8229 (print) ISSN 2160‐8253 (online) Copy Editor: Danielle Leeds Kim © Marc Hirshman 2012 New York University School of Law New York, NY 10011 USA Publications in the Series should be cited as: AUTHOR, TITLE, TIKVAH CENTER WORKING PAPER NO./YEAR [URL] Individual and Group Learning in Rabbinic Literature INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LEARNING IN RABBINIC LITERATURE: SOME KEY TERMS By Marc Hirshman A. Foundations of Education in Biblical and Second Temple Times Wilhelm Bacher, the great late 19th, early 20th scholar, published in 1903 a wonderful essay entitled " Das altjüdische Schulewesen", in which he declared Nehemiah 8, 1-8, which describes the public reading of scripture, " der Geburtstag des altjüdischen Schulweis". From that day on 1 Tishre 445 b.c.e, Bacher would have it, the public recitation of Torah and its teaching would become central to second Temple Judaism, and its rabbinic heirs in the first five centuries of the common era. Indeed, Ezra's commission from Artaxerxes includes appointments of "judges and magistrates to judge all the people… and to teach…" (Ezra 7, 25). This close connection between the judicial system and the educational system also characterizes the rabbinic period, succinctly captured in the opening quote of the tractate of Avot 1,1. -
Feminist Sexual Ethics Project
Feminist Sexual Ethics Project Same-Sex Marriage Gail Labovitz Senior Research Analyst, Feminist Sexual Ethics Project There are several rabbinic passages which take up, or very likely take up, the subject of same-sex marital unions – always negatively. In each case, homosexual marriage (particularly male homosexual marriage) is rhetorically stigmatized as the practice of non-Jewish (or pre-Israelite) societies, and is presented as an outstanding marker of the depravity of those societies; homosexual marriage is thus clearly associated with the Other. The first three of the four rabbinic texts presented here also associate homosexual marriage with bestiality. These texts also employ a rhetoric of fear: societal recognition of such homosexual relationships will bring upon that society extreme forms of Divine punishment – the destruction of the generation of the Flood, the utter defeat of the Egyptians at the Exodus, the wiping out of native Canaanite peoples in favor of the Israelites. The earliest source on this topic is in the tannaitic midrash to the book of Leviticus. Like a number of passages in Leviticus, including chapter 18 to which it is a commentary, the midrashic passage links sexual sin and idolatry to the Egyptians (whom the Israelites defeated in the Exodus) and the Canaanites (whom the Israelites will displace when they come into their land). The idea that among the sins of these peoples was the recognition of same-sex marriages is not found in the biblical text, but is read in by the rabbis: Sifra Acharei Mot, parashah 9:8 “According to the doings of the Land of Egypt…and the doings of the Land of Canaan…you shall not do” (Leviticus 18:3): Can it be (that it means) don’t build buildings, and don’t plant plantings? Thus it (the verse) teaches (further), “And you shall not walk in their statutes.” I say (that the prohibition of the verse applies) only to (their) statutes – the statutes which are theirs and their fathers and their fathers’ fathers. -
Das Meer Der Halacha: Der Talmud Ist Wie Das Große Meer Shirr 5,20
Das Meer der Halacha: Der Talmud ist wie das große Meer ShirR 5,20 1 Traktat Avot, Kapitel 1 מסכת אבות פרק א 1,1 א (א) Mose empfing Tora vom Sinai משה קבל תורה מסיני, und übergab sie Josua ומסרה ליהושע, (שמות יח, במדבר יא) und Josua den Ältesten ויהושע לזקנים, und Älteste Propheten וזקנים לנביאים, .und Propheten übergaben sie den Leuten der Großen Versammlung ונביאים מסרוה לאנשי כנסת הגדולה. :Die sagte drei Dinge הם אמרו שלשה דברים, (Seid geduldig/abwartend/moderat/gemäßigt im Gericht(sprozeß (1) הוו מתונים בדין, und stellt viele Schüler auf (2) והעמידו תלמידים הרבה, .und macht einen Zaun für die Tora (3) ועשו סיג לתורה: 1,2 א (ב) Simëon der Gerechte שמעון הצדיק .war von den Übrigen der großen Versammlung היה משירי כנסת הגדולה. :Er pflegte zu sagen הוא היה אומר, :Auf drei Dingen steht die Welt על שלשה דברים העולם עומד, auf der Tora (1) על התורה und auf dem Dienst/der Liturgie (2) ועל העבודה .und auf frommer Wohltat (3) ועל גמילות חסדים: 2 Encyclopedia Judaica, Vol. 5, col. 635f Literaturüberblick auf einem Blatt 3 1 Überblick über die Traditionsliteratur Überblick über die Traditionsliteratur 1. Bibel 2. Mischna, Tosefta und Baraita 3. Gemara a) des Westens, Babyloniens, der Exilsgemeinde b) des Ostens, Jerusalems, des Landes Israel 4. Midrasch 5. Responsen 6. Liturgie-Bücher: Siddur und Machsor 7. Halacha-Kompendien: a) Talmudparaphrase (Rif, Rabbi Isaak al-Fasi, 1013–1103) b) Mizwot-Sammlungen (SeMaG, SeMaK – Sefer Mitzwot Gadol/Katan) c) Mischne Tora (Maimonides, RaMBaM, Rabbi Mose Ben Maimon, 1135–1204) d) Tur (Baal ha-Turim, Jakob ben Ascher, 1270–1340) e) Bet Josef, Schulchan Aruch (Josef Karo, 1488–1575) f) Mappa (RaMa/ReMa/ReMo/ReMu, Rabbi Mose ben Israel/Mose Isserles, 1525–1572) 8. -
Chag Samei'ach
" SHABBAT SHALOM AND CHAG SAMEI’ACH. Today eager to settle a long account of cruelty. Horrific massacres and tomorrow are the first days of Pesach 5778. On were typical. The brutish drive for vengeance, for Shabbat we daven Yom Tov davening, and include the gratification of the satanic in man, was irresistible. references to Shabbat. We Duchen on both days. Did anything of that kind happen on the night of the Exodus? Were Egyptian babies taken out of the embrace of Please remember that we are responsible to eat a their mothers and thrown into the Nile, as the babies of the Seudah Shlishit on Shabbat and we have to do so later slaves had been murdered just a short while before? Did the in the afternoon, but prior to Minchah. We must enter Hebrew beat up his taskmaster who just several days ago the evening with an appetite for the Matzah and had tortured him mercilessly? Nothing of the sort. Not one Marror. Seudah Shlishit is a Mitzvah on Shabbat and person was hurt, not one house destroyed. not on Yom Tov. The liberated slaves had the courage to withdraw, to defy the natural call of their blood. What did the Jews do at the This Pesach marks the 25th yahrzeit of my rebbe, hour of freedom? Instead of swarming the streets of Goshen, Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik. I offer these writings of the they were locked up in their houses, eating the paschal lamb Rav for our learning of Pesach. and reciting the Hallel. It is unique in the history of [Compiled by Rabbi Edward Davis (RED), Rabbi Emeritus revolutions. -
The Relationship Between Targum Song of Songs and Midrash Rabbah Song of Songs
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TARGUM SONG OF SONGS AND MIDRASH RABBAH SONG OF SONGS Volume I of II A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2010 PENELOPE ROBIN JUNKERMANN SCHOOL OF ARTS, HISTORIES, AND CULTURES TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. 6 DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ 7 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ....................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DEDICATION ............................................................... 9 CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 11 1.1 The Research Question: Targum Song and Song Rabbah ......................... 11 1.2 The Traditional View of the Relationship of Targum and Midrash ........... 11 1.2.1 Targum Depends on Midrash .............................................................. 11 1.2.2 Reasons for Postulating Dependency .................................................. 14 1.2.2.1 Ambivalence of Rabbinic Sources Towards Bible Translation .... 14 1.2.2.2 The Traditional -
Humor in Torah and Talmud, Part 5
Sat 18 Aug 2018 – 7 Elul 5778 B”H Dr Maurice M. Mizrahi Congregation Adat Reyim Lunch and Learn Humor in Torah and Talmud, Part 5 Torah (Theme: God is angry at us) 1-God loses it [The Israelites repeatedly ask Moses for meat in the desert. God tells Moses:] And say to the people... you shall eat meat. You shall not eat it for one day, or two days, or five days, or ten days, or twenty days; but for a whole month, until it comes out of your nostrils and you become disgusted by it. [Numbers 11:18-20] 2-This, too, shall happen to you! The most dreaded Torah portion is Ki Tavo, where God lists all the curses that will befall those who do not follow His commandments: But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to the voice of the Lord your God, to take care to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you this day, that all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you. [Deut. 28:15] Follows a long string of dreaded curses, beginning with: Cursed shall you be in the city, and cursed shall you be in the field… [Deut. 28:16] And ending with: Also, every illness and every plague, that is not written in this Book of the Torah, the Lord will bring it upon you, until you are destroyed. [Deut 28:61] It’s not even exclusive: Whatever you dread most, whatever it is, shall happen to you! 3-Moses’ masterful plea The Israelites revert to idolatry by building and worshiping the Golden Calf. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Hanne Trautner-Kromann n this introduction I want to give the necessary background information for understanding the nine articles in this volume. II start with some comments on the Hebrew or Jewish Bible and the literature of the rabbis, based on the Bible, and then present the articles and the background information for these articles. In Jewish tradition the Bible consists of three main parts: 1. Torah – Teaching: The Five Books of Moses: Genesis (Bereshit in Hebrew), Exodus (Shemot), Leviticus (Vajikra), Numbers (Bemidbar), Deuteronomy (Devarim); 2. Nevi’im – Prophets: (The Former Prophets:) Joshua, Judges, Samuel I–II, Kings I–II; (The Latter Prophets:) Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezek- iel; (The Twelve Small Prophets:) Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephania, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi; 3. Khetuvim – Writings: Psalms, Proverbs, Job, The Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles I–II1. The Hebrew Bible is often called Tanakh after these three main parts: Torah, Nevi’im and Khetuvim. The Hebrew Bible has been interpreted and reinterpreted by rab- bis and scholars up through the ages – and still is2. Already in the Bible itself there are examples of interpretation (midrash). The books of Chronicles, for example, can be seen as a kind of midrash on the 10 | From Bible to Midrash books of Samuel and Kings, repeating but also changing many tradi- tions found in these books. In talmudic times,3 dating from the 1st to the 6th century C.E.(Common Era), the rabbis developed and refined the systems of interpretation which can be found in their literature, often referred to as The Writings of the Sages.