Thraupis by John T

AMIERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1262 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY September 8, 1944 New York City STUDIES OF PERUVIAN BIRDS. NO. XLVIII1 THE GENERA IRIDOSORNIS, DELOTHRA UPIS, ANISOGNA THUS, BUTHRA UPIS, COMPSOCOMA, DUBUSIA, AND THRAUPIS BY JOHN T. ZIMMER Many thanks are due to Messrs. James shared by I. r. caeruleoventris. The colora- Bond and Rodolphe de Schauensee of the tion of the rest of the plumage and the pro- Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- portions are shared by all the subspecies. phia, Mr. W. E. C. Todd of the Carnegie Records of reinhardti are from Culu- Museum of Pittsburgh, and Acting Di- machay, Puyas-yacu, Pumamarca, and rector Orr Goodson, Mr. K. P. Schmidt, Cumpang (Compan). and Mrs. Ellen T. Smith of the Chicago In the examination of the various forms Natural History Museum for the loan of of this species, an interesting situation has important material in their charge that has come to light. The original description been of much service in the following of I. r. ignicapillus from southwestern studies. Colombia pointed out the deeper, more Names of colors are capitalized when orange hue of the coronal patch in compari- direct comparison has been made with son with typical rufi-vertex from eastern Ridgway's "Color standards and color Colombia, but overlooked the fact that nomenclature." ignicapillus has, rather consistently, a broader black frontal band. In rufi- Iridosornis rufi-vertex reinhardti vertex, this band varies in width (along the (Sclater) median line from the exposed base of the Iridorni8 reinhardti SCLATER, 1865, Ibis, new culmen to the posterior border) usually ser., vol. 1, p. 495, pl. 11-eastern slope of the from 4 to 6 mm.; in one specimen it is Peruvian cordillera; Copenhagen Mus. only 3.5, in one it is 7 and in one 8 mm. Two birds from San Pedro, near Chacha- The average of 21 specimens is 5.4 mm. In poyas, extend the known range of this ignicapillus, the band is 6.2-8 mm. wide, form slightly to the northward. I can find averaging 7.3 mm. no characters distinguishing these speci- Birds from the western side of the mens from those taken farther south. Western Andes in Ecuador have the frontal I agree with Hellmayr that the characters band even wider, on occasion, but show shared in common with rufi-vertex outweigh the coronal patch varying from the light those which separate it, and that the rela- yellow of rufi-vertex to a darker and duller tionship may best be expressed by the use tone, though still without the strong orange of a trinomial. The yellow area on the hue of ignicapillus. Since these birds top of the head is paler than in rufi-vertex cannot be referred either to rufi-vertex or and is withdrawn from the crown but ex- ignicapillus, it seems desirable to give tended laterally to the sides of the neck and them a new name as follows. the posterior part of the auriculars. The lack of rufous on the lower under parts is Iridosornis rufi-vertex subsimilis, 1 Earlier Paipers in this series comprise American new subspecies Museum NOvitates nos. 500, 509, 523, 524, 538, 545, 558, 584, 646, 647, 668, 703, 728, 753, 756, western 757, 785, 819, 860, 861, 862, 889, 893, 894, 917, TYPE: From Mindo Valley, 930, 962, 963, 994, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1066, Ecuador; altitude 9400 feet. No. 173618, 1095, 1108, 1109, 1126, 1127, 1159, 1160, 1168, 1193, 1203, 1225, 1245, and 1246. American Museum of Natural History. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1262 Adult male collected September 4, 1922, examples of the new form, but from this by Chapman, Cherrie, and O'Connell. extreme there is a gradation of color on the DIAGNOSIS: Similar to I. r. ignicapillus area in question reaching a pale yellow of southwestern Colombia in respect to extreme that is close to Deep Chrome. the broad frontal band, averaging even In ignicapillus, the color is a little more wider, but differing from it by the color reddish than Orange Chrome. In rufi- of the coronal patch which lacks the strong vertex, it is nearer Cadmium Yellow or orange tone, being lighter or duller. In Orange. the light extreme, the color of this patch Although the characters of this form are matches that of some examples of rufi- composed of a combination of certain capillus, but the frontal band is broader features of rufi-vertex and ignicapillus, they than in that form. are not intermediate between them. In RANGE: Western slope of the Western the matter of the frontal band, subsimilis Andes of Ecuador. is even more marked than ignicapillus, DESCRIPrION OF TYPE: Whole head having its width ranging from 7 to 11 mm., and neck black except for the bright averaging 8.3. As noted above, the color coronal patch, with the frontal band broad, of this cap also is not an intermediate hue extending posteriad 9 mm. in mid-line but is duller than in either of the others. from the exposed base of the culmen; center of crown, occiput, and nape occu- pied by a broad patch of Xanthine Orange, SPECIMENS EXAMINED leaving a broad black collar behind it on I. r. rufi-vertex. the hind neck; mantle a little more viola- COLOMBIA: ceous than Hay's Blue; lower back and El Pifino, 1 d; upper tail-coverts Dusky Blue X Indulin "Bogota," 4 (?). Blue. Breast (behind the black throat) ECUADOR: Oyacachi, 2 e, 4 9; near Azurite Blue; lower breast and flanks Macas region, 1 (?); a little darker than the lower back; belly Zufiac, 3 (?); and under tail-coverts Auburn X Sanford's Tambillo, 2 (?); Brown. Remiges blackish; primaries, ex- Asilan, 1 (?); Galgalan, 1 (?); cept outermost, with only a faint trace "S. Ecuador," 1 (?). of bluish color on the outermargin; second- I. r. caeruleoventris.- aries and tertials with broad outer mar- COLOMBIA: gins near China Blue; greater upper wing- Paramillo, 2 9 (incl. type). I. r. ignicapillu8. coverts margined like the secondaries; COLOMBIA: middle and lesser series a little brighter Coast range west of Popayan, 3 (incl. blue than the mantle; primary-coverts type), 3 9; black with slightly stronger bluish outer Almaguer, 2 c; "Antioquia," 1 (?). margins than the primaries, under wing- I. r. sub8imilis.- coverts sooty, with traces of bright brown ECUADOR: on the tips of the lower series, only faintly Mindo Valley, 1 e (type); paler than the rest of the under side of the Mindo, 1 c; Gualea, 1 , 2 9; webs. Rectrices blackish, with outer mar- Nono, 2 (?); gins near Dark Cadet Blue. Bill (in dried Aloag, 1 9; skin) blackish, with the mandible a little above Intac, 2 d; slaty; feet dark brown. Wing, 87.2 Verdecocha, 1 e, 1 9; west side of Pichincha, 1 9 mm.; tail, 74.5; exposed culmen, 9.2; "Quito-skin," 1 (?); culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 26. "Chivinda" (ex Buckley), 1 e¢. REMARKS: Females like the males but I. r. reinhardti. a little smaller, at least averaging so; wing, PERU': San Pedro, 1a, 1 9 79-82.1 mm. (as against 80-87); tail, Rumicruz, 1 c, 1 9,1 (?); 64-66 (as against 66-74.5). Maraynioc, 2 9; The type is one of the darker-crowned Cueva Seca, 1 (?). 19441 STUDIES OF PERUVIAN BIRDS. XLVIII 3 Iridosornis jelskii jelskii (Cabanis) I. j. bolivianus.- Iridornis Jelgkii CABANIS, 1873, Jour. fUSr PERU: Ornith., vol. 21, p. 316-Maraynioc, Perul; d; Cedrobamba, 1 e, 1 el. Berlin Mus. BOLIVIA: Cocopunco, 1 9 . Apparently never found anywhere in Peru' except at Maraynioc, from which Iridosornis analis analis (Tschudi) locality we have a number of specimens. T[anagra] analis TSCHUDI, 1844 (May), Arch. The record from the Urubamba Valley is Naturgesch., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 287-Per-6; better assigned to the following form. Lima (errore), Tschudi, 1846; C. Perd suggested, Berlepsch, 1912; Vitoc suggested, Hell- Iridosornis jelskii bolivianus mayr, 1936; cotypes in Mus. Neuchatel, U. S. Berlepsch National Mus., and British Mus. Iridosornis jelskii boliviana BERLEPSCH, 1912 (Feb.), Ber. V Internatl. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, A male of this form from Cutucd, eastern 1910, p. 1043-Unduavi, La Paz, Bolivia; d; Ecuador, extends the known range well Frankfort Mus. to the northward, approaching somewhat The two males from Cedrobamba, near closer to that of the allied I. a. porphyro- Machu Picchu, recorded by Chapman cephalus. A specimen of the latter from (1921, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 117, Buckley's collection through the Boucard p. 119) are closer to the Bolivian subspecies Museum is labeled "Sarayacu" where it is than to typical jelskii, although they are known that Buckley worked, but the only not so strongly marked as a female from indication of locality is on the Boucard Cocopunco, La Paz. The Cocopunco Museum label, and the word "Sarayacu" bird has only the faintest trace of yellow has been added to the label after the rest tips on the black feathers of the median of the lettering which gives, simply, line of the forehead-not noticeable ex- "Aequator." The specimen is of regular cept on close examination-and those on "Quito" preparation. The only definite the anterior part of the crown are less Ecuadorian locality for porphyrocephalus is prominent than in jelskii. In the Cedro- above Intac, on the western side of the bamba birds, the marking on the forehead Andes, although other "Quito" skins are is only slightly more pronounced but still known, one of which also is at hand. There weaker than in the Maraynioc examples. is, thus, no near conflict of the ranges of The correspondingly greater extension of porphyrocephalus and analis.

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