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House in a Box: Prefabricated Housing in the Jackson Purchase Cultural Landscape Region, 1900 to 1960

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House in a Box: Prefabricated Housing in the Jackson Purchase Cultural Landscape Region, 1900 to 1960 House in a Box: Prefabricated Housing in the Jackson Purchase Cultural Landscape Region, 1900 to 1960 Written and designed by Cynthia E. Johnson Rachel Kennedy, Editor All photographs by the Kentucky Heritage Council, unless otherwise noted This publication was sponsored by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet in coopera- tion with the Kentucky Heritage Council. The Kentucky Heritage Council, an agency of the Kentucky Commerce Cabinet, is the State Historic Preservation Offi ce. For more information about Heritage Council programs, please visit our website at http://www.heritage.ky.gov/ Table of Contents House in a Box: Prefabricated Housing in the Jackson Purchase Cultural Landscape Region, 1900 to 1960 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 4 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 5 Section I. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 9 Research Design.................................................................................................................. 9 Information Sources.......................................................................................................... 10 Issues with Fieldwork ....................................................................................................... 12 Section II. Domestic Prefabrication Historic Context ................................................. 16 Defi ning the Prefabricated House ..................................................................................... 16 Prefab Housing Eras ......................................................................................................... 20 Contributing Factors that Led to Prefabricated Houses in the United States ................... 21 Housing Shortages ............................................................................................................ 22 Affordable Housing ......................................................................................................... 24 Cultural Infl uences............................................................................................................ 26 The Prefab House Industry ............................................................................................... 29 Industrialization ................................................................................................................ 29 Production Methods and Structural Systems .................................................................... 31 Materials ........................................................................................................................... 34 Architectural Style and Design ......................................................................................... 36 Marketing.......................................................................................................................... 41 Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 43 Prefabricated Property Types............................................................................................ 44 Brief History of Precut Houses......................................................................................... 44 Principal Precut Manufacturers......................................................................................... 47 Aladdin Company, Bay City, Michigan 1906 – 1981....................................................... 48 Lewis-Liberty, Bay City Michigan 1913 - 1973............................................................... 48 Sterling, Bay City Michigan 1915 - 1975 ........................................................................ 49 Gordon-Van Tine, Davenport, Iowa 1907-46 ................................................................... 49 Wardway Homes, (Montgomery Ward) Chicago Illinois 1910-31................................... 50 Sears, Roebuck and Company, Chicago Illinois 1908-51................................................. 51 Identifying the Precut Property Type................................................................................ 51 If an intensive survey can be made:.................................................................................. 53 Brief History of Panelized Prefabricated Houses ............................................................. 54 Selected Panelized Manufacturers .................................................................................... 56 Gunnison Homes, New Albany, Indiana........................................................................... 56 Lustron Corporation, Columbus, Ohio ............................................................................. 56 National Homes, Lafayette, Indiana ................................................................................. 57 General Plywood, Louisville, Kentucky .......................................................................... 58 Peaseway, Cincinnati, Ohio .............................................................................................. 58 Steelcraft Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, Ohio ............................................................... 58 Sectional Prefabricated Houses......................................................................................... 59 Preassembled Prefabricated Houses ................................................................................. 60 Identifi cation of Panelized/Sectional/Preassembled Property Types................................ 61 If an intensive survey can be made................................................................................... 62 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 63 Section III. Evaluation and Case Study County Surveys............................................ 69 Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 69 Integrity Considerations.................................................................................................... 70 Jackson Purchase Cultural Landscape Region.................................................................. 74 McCracken County ........................................................................................................... 76 Survey Findings ................................................................................................................ 81 Methodology..................................................................................................................... 81 Precut Property Types ....................................................................................................... 83 Panelized Property Types.................................................................................................. 87 Sectional Property Types .................................................................................................. 98 Preassembled Property Types ........................................................................................... 98 Integrity Evaluations of Panelized Resources................................................................... 98 Summary......................................................................................................................... 101 Marshall County.............................................................................................................. 103 Survey Findings .............................................................................................................. 107 Methodology................................................................................................................... 107 Sectional Property Types ................................................................................................ 113 Preassembled Property Types ......................................................................................... 113 Summary......................................................................................................................... 114 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 114 Section IV. Conclusion.................................................................................................. 118 Summary......................................................................................................................... 118 Suggestions for Further Research ................................................................................... 119 Selected Bibliography ................................................................................................... 121 Related Prefabricated Housing Web Sites ...................................................................... 128 Acknowledgements reparation of this historic context would not be possible without the generous sup- port of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and the United States Army Corp of PEngineers. We would also like to take the opportunity to thank all the people who assisted us with the development of this historic context report. In particular, local citizens in McCracken and Marshall counties who assisted with
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