Unification of Germany 1815–1867 300 Km 200 Miles of EAST EMPIRE RUSSIAN PRUSSIA KRAKOW REPUBLIC 100 150 SILESIA 0 0 AUSTRIAN EMPIRE* Sadowa Vienna SWEDEN Gastein

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WORLD HISTORY ON FILE™ 4.05 THE AGE OF REVOLUTION NATIONALISM, STATE BUILDING & SOCIAL REFORM 1830–1914 Unification of Germany 1815–1867 300 km 200 miles OF EAST EMPIRE RUSSIAN PRUSSIA KRAKOW REPUBLIC 100 150 SILESIA 0 0 AUSTRIAN EMPIRE* Sadowa Vienna SWEDEN Gastein

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SAXONY SAXONY SAXONY ITALY BAVARIA DENMARK HANOVER SCHLESWIG SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN HOLSTEIN SWITZERLAND ALSACE ALSACE LORRAINE LORRAINE Border of German Confederation 1815 Border of German Empire 1871 Land battle Prussia 1815 Prussian gains by 1867 States joining Prussia to form the North German Confederation 1867 Additional states forming the German Empire 1871 BOURG * Austro-Hungarian * Empire from 1867 NETHERLANDS Sedan BELGIUM FRANCE Paris LUXEM LUXEMBURG ) 1865 (1867) under , German annexes Duchy of follows success of . Following wartime . Prussia occupies Holstein. (provoked by French and . Leads to renewal of popular . Prussia defeats Austria and allies. . Prussia defeats establishes . French are completely defeated by becomes chancellor (chief minister) Convention of Gastein (replacing the old Holy Roman Empire)—loose North German Confederation Prussia and Austria ally and invade Denmark, forcing Prussia and of Prussia—a brilliant diplomat and politician chief architect of German unification 1862 Otto von Bismarck 1848Ð1849 Revolution in Germany February Revolution in Paris. Liberal government reforms Attempts by Prussia to establish union of northern instituted. German states by agreement fails Prussian control. Bismarck governs foreign policy and military Formation of Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and other German states ally with Hanover, Bavaria, Saxony, Austria. Prussia declares German Confederation dissolved Jul 1866 Battle of Sadowa JunÐAug 1866 Seven Weeks’ War 1871 Founding of German Empire cooperation, southern German states join northern ones. King Alsace and William I of Prussia is German Emperor (Kaiser); become part of Germany Lorraine, occupied during war, 1864 Austria controls Holstein; Prussia Frederick VII to withdraw. controls Schleswig ( 1863 King Frederick VII of Denmark Schleswig and claims control of Duchy Holstein (Holstein is a member of the German Confederation) 1870Ð1871 Franco-Prussian War Prussian involvement in disputes over succession to Spanish throne). Prussia and North German Confederation supported by southern German states against France Sep 1870 Battle of Sedan German forces. Germans besiege Paris EVENTS 1859Ð1861 Unification of Italy demand for German unification 1815 Congress of Vienna 1815 Congress of Vienna Confederation defensive alliance of 39 independent states. Popular demands for a unified German state put aside 1815 1825 1835 1845 1855 1865 1875