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The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Viscount James Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire [1873] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684 Online Library of Liberty: The Holy Roman Empire Edition Used: The Holy Roman Empire. A New Edition, enlarged and revised throughout, with a Chronological Table of Events and Three Maps (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1911). Author: Viscount James Bryce About This Title: A history of the empire from the second century to the fall of the empire after Napoleon. Supplemental chapters deal with the new German Empire after 1870. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 2 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2337 Online Library of Liberty: The Holy Roman Empire About Liberty Fund: Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. Copyright Information: The text is in the public domain. Fair Use Statement: This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 3 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2337 Online Library of Liberty: The Holy Roman Empire Table Of Contents Preface to the Edition of 1904 Preface to the Fourth Edition Chronological Table of Emperors and Popes Chronological Table of Important Events In the History of the Empire The Holy Roman Empire Chapter I: Introductory Chapter II: The Roman Empire Before the Entrance of the Barbarians Chapter III: The Barbarian Invasions Chapter IV: Restoration of the Empire In the West Chapter V: Empire and Policy of Charles Chapter VI: Carolingian and Italian Emperors Chapter VII: Theory of the Mediaeval Empire Chapter VIII: The Roman Empire and the German Kingdom Chapter IX: Saxon and Franconian Emperors Chapter X: Struggle of the Empire and the Papacy Chapter XI: The Emperors In Italy: Frederick Barbarossa Chapter XII: Imperial Titles and Pretensions Chapter XIII: Fall of the Hohenstaufen: Renewed Strife of Papacy and Empire Chapter XIV: The Germanic Constitution: the Seven Electors Chapter XV: The Empire As an International Power Chapter XVI: The City of Rome In the Middle Ages Chapter XVII: The East Roman Empire Chapter XVIII: The Renaissance: Change In the Character of the Empire Chapter XIX: The Reformation and Its Effects Upon the Empire Chapter XX: The Peace of Westphalia: Last Stage In the Decline of the Empire Chapter XXI: Fall of the Empire Chapter XXII: Summary and Reflections Chapter XXIII: The Progress of Germany Towards National Unity Chapter XXIV: The New German Empire Epilogue Appendix Note A: On the Burgundies Note B: On the Relations to the Empire of the Kingdom of Denmark, and the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein Note C: On Certain Imperial Titles and Ceremonies Note D: Lines Contrasting the Past and Present of Rome Note E: List of Books On the History of the Empire Which May Be Consulted By the Student PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1904 Forty years have passed since this book was first published, and since then our knowledge of mediaeval history has been much increased and events have happened which render some of the remarks then made no longer applicable. I have not PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 4 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2337 Online Library of Liberty: The Holy Roman Empire however attempted to rewrite the whole book, for this reason, among others, that were I to do so it would almost inevitably grow out of a small volume devoted to a single Idea and Institution into a systematic history of the Empire and the Popedom in the Middle Ages. That would double or treble its size, and make it unsuitable to one class of the students who have used it in its present form. I have therefore confined myself to such changes and enlargements as seemed to be most needed. Where events of significance had been omitted or too briefly noticed, additions have been made. For instance, the struggle of the Emperor Lewis IV against Pope John XXII and the careers of Arnold of Brescia and Cola di Rienzo have been somewhat more fully described. An entirely new chapter has been inserted dealing with the East Roman or Byzantine Empire, a topic inadequately handled in previous editions. A concluding chapter, sketching the constitution of the new German Empire and the forces which have given it strength and cohesion, has been appended. This chapter, and that which (first published in 1873) traces the process whereby after 1813 national sentiment grew in Germany, and national unity was achieved in 1871, are not indeed necessary for the explanation of an institution whose best days were over four centuries ago. But they help to explain it, if only by contrast; and the convenience to a reader of finding a succinct account of the foundation and the character of this modern representative—if one may call it so—of the mediaeval Empire will, I hope, be deemed to compensate for whatever loss of symmetry is involved in an extension of the treatise beyond its original limits. With a similar practical aim, I have prefixed a pretty full Chronological Table of important events, presenting such an outline of the narrative history of the Empire as may serve to elucidate the text, and have added three maps. The book has been revised throughout: statements which seemed to have been too broadly expressed, or which political changes have made no longer true, have been corrected: more exact references have been given and new illustrations inserted in the notes. I have to acknowledge with cordial thanks the help which in the verification of statements and references I have received from my friend Mr. Ernest Barker, lecturer on history at Wadham College, Oxford. Did custom permit the dedication to any one of a new edition of a book long before the public, I should have dedicated the pages that follow to Mr. Goldwin Smith, now the honoured patriarch of English historians, from whom forty-three years ago, when he was professor at Oxford, I received my first lessons in modern history, and whose friendship I have ever since been privileged to enjoy. JAMES BRYCE. September 13, 1904. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION The object of this treatise is not so much to give a narrative history of the countries included in the Romano-Germanic Empire—Italy during the Middle Ages, Germany from the ninth century to the nineteenth—as to describe the Holy Empire itself as an institution or system, the wonderful offspring of a body of beliefs and traditions which have almost wholly passed away from the world. Such a description, however, would PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 5 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2337 Online Library of Liberty: The Holy Roman Empire not be intelligible without some account of the great events which accompanied the growth and decay of Imperial power; and it has therefore appeared best to give the book the form rather of a narrative than of a dissertation; and to combine with an exposition of what may be called the theory of the Empire an outline of the political history of Germany, as well as some notices of the affairs of mediaeval Italy. To make the succession of events clearer, a Chronological List of Emperors and Popes has been prefixed. The great events of 1866 and 1870 reflect back so much light upon the previous history of Germany, and so much need, in order to be properly understood, to be viewed in their relation to the character and influence of the old Empire, that although they do not fall within the original limits of this treatise, some remarks upon them, and the causes which led to them, will not be out of place in it, and will perhaps add to whatever interest or value it may possess. As the Author found that to introduce these remarks into the body of the work, would oblige him to take to pieces and rewrite the last three chapters, a task he had no time for, he has preferred to throw them into a new supplementary chapter, which accordingly contains a brief sketch of the rise of Prussia, of the state of Germany under the Confederation which expired in 1866, and of the steps whereby the German nation has regained its political unity in the new Empire.
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