The People's Curator

8 ISSUES AND INSIGHTS MUMBAI | 15 JUNE 2019 >

proving oneself innocent was on the accused. gle biggest fear, patently unfounded, was a Fourteen and 15-year olds were sent to jail military coup. The existing army department Rajnath Singh’s dilemma on charges of copying. The pass percentage was turned first into the department of Lessons from HK in the UP High School Board examination defence and later the MoD. At the time, The new defence minister has to correct a major for Class X in 1991 was 58.03. In 1992, after defence secretary H M Patel and his successor t has been a fairly the anti-copying law was put in place, it twice offered to integrate the service head- crowded fortnight asymmetry. Will his discipline come in the way? slipped to 14.7. Singh had to pay for his con- quarters with MoD. But General Rajindersinhji I in terms of news, victions: He contested the Assembly election and General K S Thimayya refused, fearing and so some might channels chattered on loudly about how from Mohana, a student-dominated they would lose operational command and have missed what, Rajnath Singh ka kad gir gaya hai (Rajnath constituency near Lucknow in 1993, and was the panoply of pomp and pageantry by joining for me, has been the Singh has lost his stature). By the evening, defeated comprehensively. He was sent to the ministerial whirlpool. most interesting and the government had reversed the decision the Rajya Sabha in 1994. He became a Soon, the army got fully involved in J&K, perhaps important and reissued the notification. Not once did minister in the Vajpayee and later the Junagadh, Hyderabad and Goa operations. story of the past fort- he suggest/offer/threaten/to resign. Modi government. While its prestige rose, its clout gradually night. This is a story Discipline has served him well. From a Now he has become defence minister for declined. It was not even consulted in decid- that comes neither nondescript Member of the Legislative that very quality: Discipline. He is represent- ing crucial operational issues. Civilian from India nor from Council of Uttar Pradesh (UP) to a second term ing a BJP government which has come to pow- bureaucracy, in cahoots with the political TICKER Europe or from as a member of the Cabinet Committee on er promising to champion the cause of soldiers leadership, cut the services down to size. The America, but from Security (CCS) has been punctuated by impor- afflicted by prolonged neglect, bureaucratic generals were careless and naïve not to MIHIR SHARMA tiny Hong Kong, tant milestones. Rajnath Singh was UP’s edu- interference and marginalisation in defence notice the diminution in their stature and which has once again PLAIN POLITICS cation minister, chief of the state unit of the policy-making. status. But the civilian bureaucracy at once taken to the streets to party, president of the central BJP and a min- The seeds of the deformed national secu- grasped the import of civilian control and protest interference by Beijing in the self-administering ADITI PHADNIS ister in the union cabinet several times. To say rity and defence architecture, and mistrust in went about following a policy of divide and city’s affairs. nothing of the overt and covert roles he has civil-military relations were sown at the time rule: keeping divided the three wings of the When I say “interference by Beijing” and “self-admin- performed on the orders of the Rashtriya of Independence when the British Indian armed forces and parrying proposals of their istering”, I am not being strictly accurate, of course, but f Rajnath Singh was upset about being Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the parent body armed forces were converting from an impe- integration with the ministry, not without that is because normal language cannot quite manage dropped from two cabinet committees of the BJP. rial garrison of a theatre command to a nation- assistance from the services themselves. the shades of truth and falsehood that are necessary when I — the Cabinet Committee on Political He was elected an MLA from Mirzapur in al army. The origin of these uncivil relations From the stunning decline in the Warrant of dealing with authoritarian regimes. The Hong Kong Affairs and the Cabinet Committee on 1977 when he was just 26, a result of being is the oft-quoted dispute between C-in-C Precedence to the erosion of financial and Special Administrative Region is technically self-govern- Parliamentary Affairs — he gave no public associated with the student wing of the Jana Kitchener and Viceroy Curzon. The insistence operational autonomy, the decline corroded ing, but its parliament and chief executive are not exactly hint of it. The only indication that he was a Sangh during the Emergency and being by Curzon to introduce an additional member promotions, postings, ceremonial functions democratically elected. The current chief executive of bit hurt at being de jure number two in the jailed. The late 1980s and early 1990s in UP in his executive council to exercise financial and even distribution of canteen profits. At Hong Kong, Carrie Lam, was picked by an electoral col- government but not considered important were the years of the rise of Kalyan Singh control was opposed by Kitchener. 150 years one stage, the MoD also asked to scrutinise lege of 1,200 people that is essentially stacked with pro- enough to be included in the committees was who appointed Rajnath Singh education later, the legacy of that dispute lingers. promotion exams and was told it was a pro- Beijing members. A chief executive of Hong Kong cannot an off-hand remark, made with a smile. “Kya minister in 1991. One of his first moves as Except for Subhas Chandra Bose and fessional matter. be associated with any political party. mein tumhe chhe foot sey paanch foot ke lagne minister was to bring, through an ordinance, Mahatma Gandhi who did not survive the It is this asymmetry that Rajnath Singh has Thus what the people of Hong Kong are protesting is laga hoon” (do you think I now measure five the anti-copying law, making copying a non- aftermath of Independence, India's political to correct as defence minister. Will discipline the decisions of their own chief executive, which they feet instead of six), he asked an aide as TV bailable offence — which meant the onus of leaders lacked military experience. Their sin- come in the way? say are serving Beijing’s interests and not their own. In fact, they are protesting one decision in particular: A new extradition law that might allow the government to extradite residents of Hong Kong to mainland China for LUNCH WITH BS > SABYASACHI MUKHERJEE | DIRECTOR GENERAL | CSMVS trial. In the sort of absurdity one expects under such systems, the Hong Kong government’s claimed reason for this new law is to ensure that a particular extradition of a murder suspect takes place — but not to the People’s Republic of China, but to the Republic of China or Taiwan. To add to the absurdity, Taipei has said that it will not recognise extraditions under the law, in solidarity with The people’s curator Hong Kong’s protestors. Perhaps all such demonstrations are futile. We don’t know how strong the pro- and anti-Beijing factions within Mukherjee tells Arundhati Dasgupta how he plans to bring director of the British Museum, at Hong Kong are, because it has never been allowed to hold Trishna, a popular seafood restau- a free and fair election. Further, the notion of a single down the walls between people and their culture rant in the vicinity. “We were keen unarmed town challenging the might of the People’s to bring it here but the cost and the Republic is a little absurd. Hong Kong’s time is running logistics were daunting. The out, after all. Beijing promised to honour “one country, ood is not on his mind as and everything changed from everyone is curious but we don’t entire project cost close to ~14 two systems” for 50 years after it was handed Hong Kong Sabyasachi Mukherjee casts there,” he says. have enough people to take this for- crore. This was the most expen- by Britain in 1997. Soon, half that period will be up, and F a perfunctory look at the He has been two decades (and ward,” he says. Mukherjee is a sive ever for us and we had to the freedoms of Hong Kong residents — including their menu before suggesting that we some more) at the helm. Under him, strong advocate for setting up ded- get support.” freedoms of speech and assembly — are already under sample the buffet, popular with the museum has undergone a dra- icated Indian heritage management Organising the funds was sur- threat. Recently, for the first time, uniformed soldiers office goers in the area. We are at matic change, shedding its old elit- institutes and training people to prisingly easy. Money is not the owing allegiance to Beijing were posted in the city, osten- Kala Ghoda, Mumbai’s art district ist form with mothballed artefacts look after what could be a goldmine hurdle, mindsets are, he says. sibly to guard the Hong Kong end of a high-speed train where Mukherjee works and lives, and slow whirring fans into an open, for the country’s exchequer, in “Before you transform an institu- line. Most importantly, the government of Xi Jinping has a stone’s throw away from Copper well-lit structure bringing in exhi- terms of tourism revenue. tion, you transform its people,” he shown that it believes that Beijing’s new strength means Chimney, where we have seated bitions from all over the world. He The food comes to the table, the says referring to his work at the that it does not have to respect previously agreed on terms ourselves in a quiet nook. Once an has just set up a children’s museum, attendants finally giving up on us museum. It helped that he was a or norms. Given that, one could well say that “one coun- iconic restaurant for the rich and a glass structure built around the making our way to spread. A few student of history. Because he try, two systems” is on its way out in practice even if not famous and a Bollywood favourite, old and majestic trees in the muse- chicken and paneer tikkas and some looked at the history of the institu- on paper. the restaurant is a long way off um’s three-acre campus. This is his biryani that Mukherjee asks for, tion (they have recently set up an Yet there is something worth considering about Hong its heydays. most rewarding project he says. specifically. No surprises as Copper institutional archive to document Kong’s anger. First, it is a useful reminder of the limits to Not too many people stop in for Keen on giving something to the Chimney sticks to the tried and tast- the museum’s storied history) to the popularity of Beijing’s systems and controls. At a time a bite here anymore and the restau- children, by them and for them, he ed onion-tomato gravy routine that explain himself better to his when many hitherto democratic countries appear to be rant has quietly dropped its tony sta- ensured that the first collections was once the norm in all city people. The idea was to degenerating into “managed”, illiberal democracies, Hong tus to sit inside the food courts of have been curated by a group of restaurants, but has long lost its demonstrate to those now Kong serves as a reminder that such managed democracies malls where it draws much more children too. taste. Mukherjee is a small eater, working in the cavernous are hardly more popular. custom. For us however, its quiet A few years ago, CSMVS drew eats without spending much time insides of the sprawling Second, it serves notice to all large countries that confines are a plus; in a city where much applause from peers across over his plate. I wonder if it would structure that they were they must be careful about sub-nationalism. Hong Kong noisy restaurants are the norm, we the world for another first, its have been better if we had organ- walking on the shoulders is a Cantonese city. And yet its evening news is now have few choices and Mukherjee has ‘museum on wheels’, also a pet proj- ised a cook-in with home chefs, of giants. being broadcast in Mandarin. A majority of primary even suggested a boardroom meet ect of Mukherjee. “I used to wonder perhaps more in keeping with The museum was schools in the city use Mandarin. It’s easy to see why over a meal. I gently shot that down, if the role of the museum is to the style of a man who wears his set up with contribu- this might happen even without political involvement: hoping to draw him into a more can- enlighten the enlightened,” he says accent and roots on his sleeve. tion from wealthy Mandarin is useful for business with China, and did conversation outside the oppres- softly, referring obliquely to the fact Mukherjee sees his role as industrialists, by peo- Cantonese itself has long been denied traditional sive demands of his workspace. that CSMVS, like most major art that of a culture manager, a cus- ple who wanted to give structures of support and derided as only a “spoken” I needn’t have bothered. and culture institutions in the city todian of people’s culture. This is back to their city. Not language, without even an official dictionary. But Mukherjee speaks from the heart, is situated in south Mumbai. In a a different approach in a world just its founders, the identities that form around language are resilient to even if he hesitates to shoot from the way the people who come to the where museums are seen as sterile collections carry a sim- political pressure. Again, something that seems relevant hip. Despite having spent his entire museum are mostly privileged city spaces, meant to educate children ilar story. Mukherjee talks to us in India. working life in the city, residents; although there are and foreign nationals about past about the many who have gift- Third, it allows one to consider the fact that the accept- in south Mumbai, which may well tourists from all over the country glory. Mukherjee was also rankled ed their collections, but the sto- ance of the Chinese Communist Party’s right to rule all qualify for the gangster status recent- and the world coming in today, it by the criticism leveled at Indian ry of Sir Ratan Tata (son of Chinese people remains contested. Shorn of all historicist ly awarded to New Delhi’s Khan was not always the case. “I used to cultural institutions from all over industrialist Jamsetji N Tata), mumbo-jumbo, the “one China” policy means essentially Market, he has not picked up the fine question myself, what am I doing the world, that the buildings with collector, lover of art, good food, ILLUSTRATION BY BINAY SINHA that: It conceals a power grab by Beijing’s leaders. The art of privilege, doublespeak. for the underprivileged and since some the most priceless objects in music and interesting conversa- question is how long the rest of the world will pay lip Originally from Santiniketan, 2009, I think the shift began. We their custody were extremely cava- tions, resonates the deepest with service to such a naked piece of political manipulation. where he schooled in the Bengali reached out to NGOs and identified lier about their privilege. engagement and involvement. him. Most of the collection at the Given that the notion that Taiwan should hold a formal medium before studying museolo- a strategy to take the museum to So what does a museum mean to He is ambitious he says but nev- museum today is his donation, referendum on the question of independence from the gy and museum studies from M S the people, whose culture we cele- him, having spent his entire life er really thought he would hold the picked off the cultural hothouses mainland is gaining ground, this is not an empty ques- University in Baroda, he came to the brate,” he says. working in one? He takes no time to top job. “A curator writing a few odd of London (he died there in 1918) tion. At some point, governments might be forced to take Mumbai as an intern with The city has good people, he says answer this one. “An open space for academic papers that is what I saw in the early 1900s. “He was collect- a stand to defend Taiwan. For almost five decades, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu and “if you have a good idea and conversation, it is not a building or life as.” And yet, he is the first muse- ing Indian antiquities and art world has backed Beijing’s claims — from India’s restraint Sangrahalaya or CSMVS. “I fell in can implement it, the money an object but an idea.” The answer um director to have attempted any- objects in London at a time when of Tibetan activists, to Britain’s decision to hand Hong love,” he says. One look at the mag- comes.” The museum on wheels may sound glib but Mukherjee thing as big as the India and the they were being taken out of the Kong back to Beijing. As Xi grows in power, there is no nificent Indo-Saracenic structure and the children’s museum have approached it with the drive of a World exhibition in partnership country quite freely (as the prop- telling how long this forbearance will last. that rose above everything else in found generous private and corpo- research scholar. He began by defin- with the British Museum. It took erty of the British rulers) and he the vicinity and he, a 25-year old rate donors. “There is a huge cul- ing what a museum must mean to three years of planning and execu- gave it all to the museum as a gift,” [email protected]; Twitter; @mihirssharma who had wanted to become a social tural hunger in the country and we the people and then worked his way tion, but the beginning was over a he marvels. It is a gift Mukherjee is worker, was hooked. “I fell in love do not know how to feed them, backwards to draw up a strategy for meal with Neil MacGregor, a former determined to keep giving back. PDS and the decline of farming A break from chicken more indulged, but they grew up with farm grown partridge, hare — and in the Under National Food Security Act, 2013, found other more lucrative jobs mostly the same creed — nothing to be wasted, dim past, venison. The variety of vegeta- up to 75 per cent of village population in the tourism sector,” explains Hans Raj, everything to be tasted, minus fuss or bles was varied, there were pulses to pick can be identified as eligible for food who runs the local photography shop. He tantrums. Past their teenage years, they from, and all manner of foods we took for security. Consequently, with wheat reminisces about the time when his fam- steered clear of junk food. Nor did they granted. It was an echo of most middle- being available in the government ration ily’s fields used to be cultivated by farm- demur at carrying packed lunches to class homes that I am now forced to view shop for less than ~6 or less per kilo; rice ers from a neighbouring village. “My work — even though, sometimes, per- through the lens of nostalgia. at ~8 or less (depending on the house- grandfather, like everyone else in the vil- versely, the cook would pack lauki with Last week, my daughter and I accom- hold’s level of poverty) — it seems to lage, had little money,” he says. “So he tori. There were occasional outbursts, panied my son’s bride and her young have become cheaper for people like her would pay their wages in potatoes.” The but largely the household ate what it was nephew for an afternoon at the mall. Let to buy, than to grow their own food here. barter system worked perfectly until the served — and was thankful for it. Then me skip over the excessive hours spent Later, while out on a walk in the vil- ration shop opened. “We also started buy- PEOPLE LIKE US my son married. in the stores to arrive at our menu for lage, I realise that many locals have ing our food grain from there and today, A list of things his wife does not eat lunch. We began with starters that PEOPLE LIKE THEM already done the math. Many of the fields we plant green vegetables, onion, garlic KISHORE SINGH would fill a page of this newspaper, so it included honey chilli chicken and, in def- GEETANJALI KRISHNA look like they’ve been lying fallow for a and maize for our own consumption only might be simpler to list the only thing erence to my daughter-in-law’s prefer- while. This is the first year when the pre- in a portion of our land,” he says. she does — which is chicken. She tries, ence, salad marked less by greens and monsoon rains have been very poor, so Meanwhile, it’s getting late and time oarding schools teach you a thing poor child, but it’s no easier for her. more by — right, chicken. Having pan- miss them,” sighs Rita Devi, gazing water scarcity is on top of everyone’s to end my leisurely evening ramble. I or two about eating everything “Watermelon,” my acerbic wife informed dered to so much fowl, who would have into her now empty cowshed. We are mind. Most people I chat with while muse that the government’s strong push B that’s on your plate fast while her, “is not salad.” We eat — ate — a lot thought our main course would include I in her house in Kandhbari, a sleepy walking tell me that farming has now for education and food security has keeping it away from predatory seniors of salad because — surprise! — we liked a street curry with chicken and — while I hamlet in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. become too labour intensive. “My patch resulted in more and more villagers opt- and dorm bullies. Growing up in a fauji it. Like most Indians, our meals are — distinctly remember saying the words “There was a time when many people of beans is already half dead in this ing out of farming. These schemes are household meant having to adapt to an were — primarily vegetarian, though we “lamb”, “pork” and “prawns” out loud — kept cows in the village,” she says. Today, uncharacteristically hot and dry weath- important no doubt, but there has to be equal opportunity palate — never for- liked fish and fowl well enough to include we had udon noodles with chicken, and most of us find it easier and cheaper to er,” says an old lady, who is watering her a parallel effort to incentivise farmers getting your table manners while at it. it in our dietary plan. Now, though, it’s wouldn’t you know it, a late order of buy milk at ~25 per litre from a local plants with a bucket. “Perhaps next year, to till their fields. Else, many more could Saying no to any food was never an not enough to have if for every other chicken dimsums. dairy. She runs the village Anganwadi I’ll simply buy them from the local shop.” be headed in the same direction as Rita option. Leftovers — a 21st century meal, it must be the only meal. My son and his wife are now spending but spends her mornings in her fields, Education and the consequent rise in and Hans Raj. I wonder what will hap- malaise — isn’t something I recall from We were never partial to chicken or a holiday in pursuit of chicken in Istanbul, where her family grows onions, garlic, aspirations has also resulted in many pen if all farmers stopped cultivating my childhood, not because there wasn’t paneer, both reminding us of blotting giving us a week to spoil ourselves with corn and wheat. “It’s a hobby, not a veering away from agriculture. Villagers their land. I ask Hans Raj: Where will enough on the table, but because you paper with no taste to call its own. Given helpings of broccoli, corn, beet, brinjals, necessity,” she says. “Farming gives me are now looking outward for jobs, and our food come from then? He has no weren’t allowed a smaller portion of bit- peer pressure about avoiding red meat, mushrooms, zucchini, bokchoy, cluster- something constructive to do when I’m bemoan the lack of available farm labour answer. Instead, we watch the sun dip ter karela because you wanted more of chicken entered our kitchen but remained beans, peppers, lettuce. I’m making the back from the Anganwadi.” However, to manage their fields. “Most people who behind a hill; he lost in his thoughts, me the mutton curry. at its periphery. We ate fish, prawns, pork, most of it — for next week, we will be on a this “hobby” too may not last long. used to work in the fields earlier have in mine. Our kids, growing up, were a little buffalo, squid, crab, mussels, quail, duck, detox diet of chicken, again. OPINION 9 > STAY INFORMED THROUGH THE DAY @ WWW.BUSINESS-STANDARD.COM

Volume Vl Number 46 MUMBAI | 15 JUNE 2019 WEEKEND RUMINATIONS Return of the Gujarat Model T N NINAN Narendra Modi’s new PMO resembles the US President’s Executive Office and he will govern Budget for five years, not one day through his ‘cabinet’ of hand-picked super-bureaucrats he Modi-Shah-BJP establishment has an aver- awkward rank-reversal. He told us that in his first speech to his party on the he finance minister is holding pre-Budget meetings with specific sion to anyone but the faithful using the Having promoted Mr Doval, in turn, Mr Modi was day of the results. And third, he has no family or groups. Invitees proffer dozens of ideas at such meetings, from good T expression “Gujarat Model” to characterise forced to give parity to Nripendra Misra and P K dynasty. In that sense too, he is comparable with a to bad and positively zany. Inevitably, therefore, very few of the sug- their methods. We can see where they are coming Mishra from the IAS. You should be careful to read US president. Not entitled to infinite terms, although gestions aired at such meetings make their way into any Budget. But from. Their critics have trade-marked that expression too much in these, mere protocol compulsions. Other not limited to two like him either. After him, there T to mean their post-2002 politics of polarisation. non-ministers have been given Cabinet rank in the may be another party leader. Not other Modis. finance ministers can and do get influenced by the kind of issues that are raised, since they are seen to indicate what people in general are concerned There is, however, a less contentious manifesta- past, notably the heads of the Planning Commission about — whether inflation or the deficit, or economic growth. This time may tion of the Gujarat Model as well: Centralised gover- and NITI Aayog and, under UPA-2, even Nandan legitimate criticism of Mr Modi’s first govern- be no different. nance. Watch the latest changes in the Prime Nilekani as the head of the UIDAI. Ament has been its lack of talent. I too have fretted The fiscal situation is stressed (when is it not?!), economic growth has slowed, Minister’s Office (PMO), with three of his key aides This explanation fails for three reasons. First, about it, describing it as the most talent-averse estab- tax revenue has fallen short and the deficit is high if it is properly accounted. being elevated to cabinet rank, set- because it is so obvious that in the lishment in independent India. The reason those ting a precedent. Modi world it is illogical. Second, close to him gave then was, so what if we do not have Government debt too is about 20 per cent higher than it should be, and fresh This is natural progression because it presumes Mr Modi had talent and experience. We will learn. But we aren’t borrowing is swallowing up almost all of household savings (partly because these from the way Narendra Modi ran to make these changes under com- going to win power and gift it to others. savings have shrunk). Almost no household savings are therefore available to Gujarat. But, for everyone’s compulsion. There is nothing on Mr That, in a way, was a repudiation of the Vajpayee the private sector. Naturally, the Reserve Bank finds it difficult to force down fort, let’s simply call it the Modi Modi’s record yet that says he is school of team-building. He had drawn talent from interest rates in the market. On account of both the shortage of funds as well as Model of Governance. It was prone to acting under compulsion, everywhere. Jaswant Singh was non-RSS, Yashwant their cost, investment has suffered. unveiled in Gujarat in 2001-02, definitely not of bureaucratic proto- Sinha and Rangarajan Kumaramangalam were The average rate of inflation has come down over the years from 7 per cent evolved through his two full col. Why would he do it now after recent entrants to the BJP, George Fernandes was to 3 per cent, but savings schemes like the provident funds continue to offer terms (2002-12) and two part winning an enhanced majority? And the first and last non-BJP, non-Congress minister in zero-risk, tax-free returns of more than 8 per cent. This is ridiculously high and terms (2001-02, 2012-14), and third, that nothing compelled him the Cabinet Committee of Security yet in a coalition out of line with the money market. Naturally, real lending rates (ie after adjust- accompanied him to New Delhi. NATIONAL INTEREST to pick Mr Jaishankar in the first led by either. Arun Shourie was a powerful change ment for inflation) are also among the highest in the world. If the government His second term as PM is its rein- place. He did that to a larger plan agent who brought the force of his intellect and forced version. and the follow-on changes are mere- integrity from outside. wants interest rates to fall and facilitate private investment, among the things it SHEKHAR GUPTA If you are risk-averse, you ly elements of it. Mr Modi and Mr Shah did the opposite in their has to do is remove tax incentives on small savings. On the spending side, it might wish to borrow that statu- This PMO, accordingly, is resem- first term. They were averse to giving any political should be doing as little as possible. tory warning from mutual funds: Past performance bling the US President’s Executive Office with the space to outsiders. They also had a deep distrust of Neither bit of advice is what a newly elected government, with a massive is not a guarantee of future performance. Such power of key cabinet officers (ministers) exercised professionals, specialists and technocrats. The fate mandate and promises to keep, wants to hear. Compared to last year, new or caveats are not available to us, political analysts, as from here. The PMO grew in Mr Modi’s first term and of the two RBI governors with a formidable academic larger commitments for this year already include the cost of Ayushman Bharat our published word lives on for public scrutiny. With controlled the ministries of his focus directly, from reputation is evidence. and the ~6,000 annual payout to all farmers — at a time when tax revenue is well Mr Modi, however, it has so far been quite safe to foreign affairs to sanitation. Critics like us were dismissed as being outdated short of the Budget numbers. Defence spending has been squeezed over the years apply his past to his future action. Much can change, Now, its leaders have grown, to the level of the in our thinking, or unwilling to accept that a govern- and, as the finance minister would know from her previous perch in the defence but in detail. The fundamentals remain firm. cabinet ministers they hold to account on their boss’s ment could be run well without faces familiar to ministry, the forces make do with lots of obsolete equipment. Further neglect Here are the five important pillars of this Modi behalf. So even the pretence of a Westminster-style Anglicised Delhi elites. By the fourth year, however, could prove costly. Then, various unpaid bills from last year have to be paid. The Model: cabinet system, where the PM is the first among as the economy floundered, and after some state elec- approach to the expenditure side of the Budget, therefore, has to be one of extreme 1. “Supremo” chief executive with total control of equals, is over. Think of a particularly tion and by-election setbacks, there were the party through trusted lieutenants; hands-on American President running Prime Minister signs of change. The latter reshuffles saw moderation. Any new or additional expenditure must be limited to the extent of 2. Governance through hand-picked civil servants, the State and Defense departments Narendra Modi’s the lateral entry of retired civil servants, matching savings under other heads. Such savings are always possible. and retirement won’t come in the way; through a trusted NSA straddling both Model worked like former IAS officer R K Singh and for- On the revenue side, the room for raising fresh taxes is limited in a slowing 3. Mission-mode governance with a few ideas where and an equally powerful White House brilliantly in Gujarat, mer IFS officer Hardeep Puri. economy. The hard fact is that there is no fiscal space for the finance minister to visible results are possible within one term, to be Chief of Staff. Except, that in Mr Modi’s a medium-sized and They’ve both risen in stature. See the manoeuvre — other than what will become available from the Reserve Bank executed by a few chosen people; case now he has two chiefs of staff. less diverse state. induction of Mr Jaishankar at such a high through transfer of what is deemed to be its excess reserves. Given that the finan- 4. Never lose the ideological big picture; Indira Gandhi invented the posi- But there were level as a logical progression from there. cial sector’s troubles continue to impact economic activity, and the cleaning up 5. Neutralise all opposition, within and outside, tion of Principal Secretary in 1971 and doubts if it would And ditto for the elevation of the PMO of balance sheets is still a work in progress, the RBI windfall should be used to through reason, rent, pressure and intrigue (the appointed P N Haksar there. Haksar work for all of India trio. The two programmes closest to Mr re-capitalise government-owned banks, and/or provide a special finance window ancient saam, daam, dand, bhed). was followed by V Shankar under Modi’s heart and politics — sanitation- for otherwise sound shadow banks that face liquidity problems because their It worked brilliantly in Gujarat, a medium-sized Prime Minister Morarji Desai. The position was then water (combined now) and Ayushman Bharat — are existing sources of funding have dried up. and less diverse state. There were doubts if it would briefly abolished as Charan Singh’s Janata with two empowered former civil servants, Parame - The best strategy would be for the minister to state the reality upfront (honest work for all of India. It did threaten to unravel a few Government detested centralisation. It returned swaran Iyer and Indu Bhushan, respectively, brought times: Demonetisation, some foreign policy set- with Mrs Gandhi in 1980 with P C Alexander. There back from the World Bank/ADB and re-employed. acceptance of the facts can be reassuring). She should make clear that she is backs, especially in the neighbourhood after the ini- was one more difference now. Pre-1977, she still had The Modi Model we see now is still the old Gujarat playing a five-year Test match, not a one-day event. Her focus, therefore, should tial euphoria, growth decline, job losses and the 2017 some powerful ministers in her cabinet, including Model. But with an acknowledgement that govern- be on restoring fiscal sanctity and control (which financial markets will welcome), Gujarat election near-thing. But in the end, what Jagjivan Ram. Now she had almost none. The only ing India is more challenging than governing Gujarat, while energising her audience with reform policy initiatives for the long term. matters is the bottom line. The 303 there settled it. minister with some power was probably a young the talent it needs isn’t all available in the BJP, and The subsidy bill can be tamed by reforming the public food procurement system; Pranab Mukherjee. he will now reach outside. But only to those he has there is no need for an expensive buffer stock when each year delivers a grain ike all capital cities, New Delhi’s first instinct is This is what comes closest to Mr Modi in his sec- known and trusted over time within their career serv- surplus. And infrastructure investment can be funded by hawking existing assets L bureaucratic: Mr Modi had no choice but to ele- ond term with some differences. First, he doesn’t lead ices. Keep a close watch in this term on a presidential (roads, discoms, etc) to long-term investors in operation and maintenance con- vate his three aides. After he chose former IFS officer his party directly but through Amit Shah. Second, Prime Minister Modi, governing through his “cabi- tracts, and using the money thus garnered to create new assets where the initial S Jaishankar to be his external affairs minister, he unlike Mrs Gandhi, whose ideological objective was net” of super-bureaucrats. project risk is assumed by the government. was under compulsion to upgrade National Security continuity, his is change, especially in the way Indian Advisor and former IPS officer Ajit Doval to avoid an secularism has been defined by the Gandhi family. By Special Arrangement with ThePrint

her last, not a trace. It is a moving chronicle of the maelstrom of history. A bibliophile’s summer reading Rescuing once-prominent figures from When Britney the margins to shed new light on modern and recent advances in ancient DNA test- young Akbar in 1556: “Anyone born just history is also the job of the archivist and ing — often the province of opaque schol- before the [Mughal] conquest had seen reporter. British journalist Andrew posts on Instagram arship — he answers unsettling, controver- such change that it must have left them Whitehead’s The Lives of Freda: The sial questions: Who were the Harappans? reeling in dizziness. First the Mughals come Political, Spiritual and Personal Journeys cent girl playing dress-up? A sexy Did the “Aryans” migrate to India? Are and knock out the Lodis; then the Surs of Freda Bedi (Speaking Tiger; ~499) is the EYE CULTURE human Barbie with an infinite closet? north Indians, south Indians and tribals come and knock out the Mughals; then the remarkable story of an Oxford graduate Regardless of intention, the clips are genetically different from each other? He Mughals come back and knock out the who married a handsome Sikh B P L Bedi CAITY WEAVER illegible, generating primarily a challenges the notion, unshakably dear to Surs; and now the emperor falls downstairs in 1933, moved to Punjab, and adopted owever meagre our lives, voyeur’s guilty, mystified confusion. Hindu chauvinists, that “Aryan” or and is succeeded by a teenager.” Indian dress and custom. Together, the celebrity Instagram accounts Spears’s mental and physical well- “Sanskrit” or “Vedic” culture is synony- The layered history of old cities is not Bedis defied convention, lived a spartan H offer certain reliable comforts: being has been a subject of renewed mous with Indian culture — that it “was seamless; it is a saga of disruption, political life of leftwing intellectual and political front-facing studio-quality portraits of speculation in recent months, ever AL FRESCO imported flat-packed and then reassem- revision and tectonic social shifts. I have rigour, organising trade unions, throwing our favourite stars standing or sitting since she cancelled a planned Las bled here”. It was but one of several migra- come to the Pakistani anthropologist themselves into the satyagraha movement, alone in careful outfits; most photos Vegas residency and announced an SUNIL SETHI tions, he argues, supported by robust evi- Haroon Khalid’s Imagining Lahore: The and going to jail. Later Freda Bedi joined taken from the manubrium up, so that “indefinite work hiatus” in January. dence, since the origin of Homo sapiens out City That Is, The City That Was (Penguin; Sheikh Abdullah’s Naya Kashmir move- our entire phone screen is dominated In April, TMZ reported that she had or me the long, languorous days of of Africa. If his conclusion is plain (but not ~599) late but what a treasure trove of sto- ment and became a high-ranking Buddhist by their proportional features. And, if checked into a mental health facility. summer and the arrival of the rains simple with its ugly, present-day ramifica- ries! Seat of empires, adored city of the nun. (There is a touching photograph of the celebrity is Beyoncé-level famous, An hour before the TMZ story was F are inextricably associated with books tions) it is this: “We are all migrants. And Mughals, the capital of Ranjit Singh’s her young son, actor Kabir Bedi, being a gorgeous unending colour story we published, her Instagram account fea- and reading. In pre-television and digital we are all mixed.” Khalsa raj, and the beating heart of Punjab, ordained a Buddhist monk in Rangoon.) can fall through forever: a block of tured its first new post in months (an times, when power cuts were more frequent One of the invigorating pleasures of its frontiers at times stretched from the out- And for those wishing to celebrate white, silver, gold and indigo clearly unusually long fallow period; before and entertainment restricted to transistors reading about the past is the way history skirts of Delhi to Peshawar. Mr Khalid’s Girish Karnad, his collected plays in three curated by someone with the patience the hiatus announcement, a typical and movie halls, books were an escape, a is retold as an ongoing serial, weaving trav- wanderings take in Sufi shrines, the ruins volumes by Oxford University Press (where to learn colour theory. This is the fame rate was several posts per week). It was stimulant, a soothing elixir. It is a habit that elogue, memoir, architectural or political of Hindu havelis and temples, and encoun- he once worked in Chennai in the 1960s) trade-off in 2019: We give them atten- an image of an inspirational quote, has not faded. Here is my best list to fend churning. ters with Lahore’s endangered minorities. have gone through numerous reprints. Few tion and a lightly engaged readership alongside the caption “We all need to off seasonal torpor and other disturbances. Giles Tillotson, the British but Gurgaon- He does not follow a structured design but explored aspects of Indian history, myth with the potential to translate to adver- take time for a little ‘me time.’ :)” She The most applauded and talked about based architectural historian, is a dab hand creates a luminous, captivating tapestry. and folklore in drama, film and public tising revenue; they give us stylised, made a series of funny faces at the book of the year is Early Indians at this cross-fertilisation of genres. For fans Empress of the Taj: In Search of Mumtaz debate as vigorously to hold up a mirror to intimate glimpses of a life more elegant camera “after therapy.” (Juggernaut; ~699) by former business jour- of his earlier books on Agra and Jaipur, he Mahal by Timeri N Murari (Speaking Tiger; our times. and photogenic than our own. But rather than deterring gossip, nalist Tony Joseph. In a lucid and now completes the Golden Triangle trilogy ~350) is another kind of journey. Mr Murari Missing one volume on my bookshelf, I On Spears’s Instagram, the light is each new post has only watered the enthralling narrative that combines foren- with Delhi Darshan: The History and carts his family — two sisters and wife — in rang my reliable, well-stocked south Delhi uncalibrated — as likely to charge in conspiracy theories flowering in the sic examination with the compelling twists Monuments of India’s Capital (Penguin; Arjumand Banu’s footsteps as she trails her bookshop for a copy. “Sorry, Sir, all sold but from floor-to-ceiling windows offering tens of thousands of comments and turns of an unfolding mystery, Mr ~499). His knowledge is wide yet his dis- husband on ceaseless campaigns in the 17th we’re taking orders.” Mr Karnad, I imagine, 360-degree California views as to issue beneath it. Would a message authored Joseph unmasks the story of our ancestors semination often elegant and deftly divert- century. Little remains; and in Burhanpur, would have chuckled and feigned mild sur- from a single overhead light bulb by Spears really feature an emoticon from 65,000 years ago. Sifting through up- ing. Here is how he describes the disquiet Madhya Pradesh, where the young queen, prise. Even so, a bibliophile’s summer can located behind her, casting her face smiley, when history has demonstrat- to-date research in archaeology, linguistics of Delhi’s populace at the advent of the who evoked such peerless passion, breathed run into dry patches. in shadow. Her feed is a place where ed her preference for emoji? Would Britney can share her favourite quotes, Spears really post herself working out be it a typographical exhortation to to a Michael Jackson song two months Shikhar Dhawan get only a handful even stay “extra sparkly” or a musing from after her former choreographer Wade today, and the likes of V V S Laxman, Zaheer Nietzsche about an artist’s inability to Robson accused Jackson of years of Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Viva la Yuvi! Khan, and R Ashwin got nearly none. But endure what is known as “reality.” But sexual abuse in a well-publicised doc- Yuvraj defied all such mundane thumb- her most memorable, jolting posts are umentary — with a hairstyle and outfit six savage (but sublime) sixes. Incredible! cious, fickle, temperamental, unpredictable, rules and apparent marketing logic (if any), ones that crop up every once in a identical to those in a video she posted Unbelievable! I was at the Wankhede on and volatile as synonyms of ‘mercurial’. commanding his own price for brand while, seemingly with no rhyme or 13 months earlier? Do apple emoji April 2, 2011, as Yuvraj ran from the non- When Yuvraj was a serious candidate to endorsements on a par with Dhoni. reason to their frequency: Britney, mean the legend Britney Jean Spears striker end to hug his captain M S Dhoni helm India as captain of the cricket team Brand Yuvi is not just about some of the alone, pretending to be walking on a is about to release a single called after that legendary lofted maximum that just before the World Cup in 2007, the selec- biggest sixes ever hit by an Indian — his 125- runway inside her home. “Apple Pie” or does that song not exist? won India the World Cup. And I saw Yuvraj tors chose to go with the Merriam-Webster metre-six heaved off Brett Lee at his peak in The plot of each is roughly the It’s widely known that Spears’s step up to receive the coveted Man of the version, preferring a more ‘dependable’ and the 2007 T20 WC; or the stratospheric prices same: Spears quickly struts straight-as- adult welfare is under the conserva- Series award. There were tears in his eyes. less-excitable Dhoni for the job. commanded by him at IPL auctions — ~14 an-arrow toward the camera in a selec- torship of her father. Inevitably, this The prince had come of age. But Yuvraj is someone you could never crore in 2014 and ~16 crore in 2015. His brand tion of outfits that are not particularly arrangement leads people to wonder In the Dentsu Celesta celebrity study of afford to ignore. It was the sheer force of his today is about his compassion and his char- fancy — the sort of clothes a woman if Spears is slapping on a smiley face 2008, Yuvraj had the highest scores on personality — go-getter, groovy, gregarious ity post his successful fight with cancer. It is might have in her closet, if she had one: because she wants to or because she research attributes like unique, innovative, — that got so many brands to use him as the caring, concerned, and considerate a red off-shoulder minidress with glit- has been ordered to by the entity in prestigious, distinctive, stylish, cool, tough, their ambassador. Over the years, Yuvraj Yuvraj spending his own money under the tering embroidery; a red off-shoulder charge of her. In recent months, the YES, BUT... fearless, sexy, and macho. His brand map endorsed a long list of well-known brands: YouWeCan Foundation for societal good — minidress with flamenco sleeves. The hashtag #FreeBritney has gained pop- SANDEEP GOYAL back then dwarfed all his cricketing col- Microsoft Xbox 360, Reebok, Pepsi, Puma, very rare to see among celebrities. editing is fast, amateurish and jarring; ularity on social media among fans leagues, bar Dhoni. And he was miles ahead Parachute, MTS, UC Browser, Revital, But whereto from here? Yuvraj had frequently Spears is back at her point who suspect the latter. was at Lord’s on July 13, 2002, during of the Khans, and almost all of Bollywood. Lakshmi Vatika, Birla Sun Life, Royal Stag, famously once said in an autobiographical of origin striding forward in a new out- Spears’s most recent runway video the NatWest Series final between India Outside of the brand tracking study, my own Laureaus, Benz, and most recently Cadbury insurance ad, “Jab tak balla chalta hai, fit before she has finished walking out opened with a phone camera angled Iand England. Sachin Tendulkar was out description of Yuvraj would use different Fuse. He is, of course, also the face of his thaat hai …”. Well, given his popularity and of frame in her old one. The footage from above. In a perky voice edged fifth at 146. Virender Sehwag, Sourav adjectives: Aggressive, daring, dashing, own ‘YouWeCan (YWC)’ line of apparel and appeal, he could follow in father Yograj’s presents her as a human GIF, repeating with exasperation, she addressed the Ganguly, and Rahul Dravid were already entertaining, flamboyant, and fun. Maybe accessories. Contrary to popular belief, not illustrious steps and star in a few Punjabi small motions with minute adjustme - lens: “For those of you who don’t think gone. India still needed 180 runs to win. The even charming. But if I were to describe him very many of us understand or appreciate movies! Or emulate Sidhu — join politics. nts ad infinitum in the hallways, passa - I post my own videos, I did this video situation was pretty grim. In walked a tall, in just one word, it would have to be mercu- how difficult it is to get brand endorsements Follow his first captain Ganguly — become ges, corridors and loggias of the Ital - yesterday. So, you’re wrong! But I hope well-built, handsome 19-year-old Punjabi rial. And if I would be allowed to add just in cricket if you are not a reigning captain a cricket administrator. Do a Sehwag — try ianate airplane-hangar where she lives. you like it.” Decades of performing lad. Over the next 18 overs, the gutsy young one more, it would surely be swashbuckling. or an ex-captain. Statistics show that brand commentating. Copy Dravid — coach bud- Because the videos are a kind of have given Spears uncommon poise batter partnered with an equally gritty Mohd Actually, ‘mercurial’ has been both the owners have favoured team captains — ding cricketers. But what I would love him art brut expressionism, empty of con- in heels, but the display is slightly Kaif to score a masterly 69 runs and take making and the un-making of Yuvraj Singh. Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Tendulkar, to do most is to become a life coach and text, they fill viewers with questions. off-kilter. She doesn’t smile. Because India almost to the doorstep of victory. A Both as a player, and as a brand. Definition Ganguly, Dravid, Dhoni, and Virat Kohli — share his incredible story of struggle, suc- Who is filming? Why these clothes? Spears is on a “hiatus,” this was star was born that day. The one and only, of ‘mercurial’ as per the Cambridge English for more than 80 per cent of all cricketer cess, and survival with all. Viva la Yuvi! Did Spears learn how to edit video ostensibly a peek at her free time. But Yuvraj Singh, India’s Warrior Prince. dictionary is 1. changing suddenly and often endorsements ever. Which is why Sehwag, clips? And, most perplexing, what it certainly looks like a job. I saw him on television at the 2007 ICC 2. intelligent, enthusiastic, and quick. But Gautam Gambhir, and Navjot Sidhu got so The writer is an advertising and media veteran does she want us to feel when we World Twenty20 loft Stuart Broad for those the Merriam-Webster dictionary lists capri- few in their heydays, Rohit Sharma and [email protected] watch? Is she to be viewed as an inno- ©2019 The New York TimesNews Service � ��

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�� DELHI THE HINDU 10 EDITORIAL SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 2019 EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE Reversing the scale of priorities The ChennaiSalem highway case will test the judiciary’s assessment of environmental and economic interests

According to the petitioners, kind, perhaps, represent a pro the court, “is vital to sustain his li Beyond the wall many of them landowners, the blem inherent in seeing sustaina velihood… The land provides dig state had failed to obtain an envi ble development as a virtuous mo nity for the person.” The judg In defeat, the Gandhi family is looking for ronmental clearance for the pro del. It could easily be argued that ment, therefore, not only holds scapegoats without owning responsibility ject before acquiring land and had by its very design the principle the state accountable for the viola thereby violated its responsibili calls for a form of calculation that tion of basic notions of due pro ailure is always an orphan, but the scramble S uhrith Parthasarthy ties. What is more, in any event, tends to see growth as outplaying cess, in exercising the power of among Congress leaders to stick the genesis of the such permission, they argued, all other concerns. As Amartya eminent domain, but also sees the

Fparty’s devastating collapse in the Lok Sabha could hardly be obtained since it E. LAKSHMI NARAYANAN Sen wrote, while the prominence possession of farmlands by farm election on someone else is comical. What gives it a n the weeks ahead, the Su was clear that the project would accorded to sustainable develop ers as an article of faith. But most dark edge is that this evasiveness is being condoned, preme Court will hear argu have a deleterious impact on the “The traditional concept that de ment may be laudable, we must importantly, the ruling deepens a even promoted, by the reigning supremos. The Gand Iments on an appeal filed forests, the surrounding water bo velopment and ecology are op equally ask whether “the concep commitment to the protection of his, Sonia, Rahul and Priyanka, were apparently against a judgment of the Madras dies and the wildlife of the region. posed to each other is no longer tion of human beings implicit in it forests and waterbodies. It places High Court in P.V. Krishnamoorthy The government denied this. It acceptable,” wrote Justice Kuldip is sufficiently capacious”. A pro the environment in a position of shocked that the party lost as it did in the election. They v. The Government of India. There, argued that its power to acquire Singh. “‘Sustainable Develop ject, for example, which might de primacy over unthinking mea would not be, had they been in touch with the political a series of notifications acquiring land under the National Highways ment’ is the answer.” ny future generations the oppor sures of ostensible development. situation on the ground that they keep themselves fero land for a proposed eightlane ex Act, 1956, was unconditional. But grand as this statement tunity to breathe fresh air may When a highway passes through ciously insulated from, with the help of selfserving pressway connecting Chennai to There was, it said, no law mandat sounds, in practice it’s proved well be defended on a simple ap a reserve forest would it not, the aides. This collapse was long in the making, and on Salem were quashed. The Su ing an EIA before efforts are made scarcely useful. For the courts plication of the norm if those fu court asks, “pave way for esta their watch — and the signs were all around. It is true preme Court has already denied, to acquire private land. In its be have invariably seen sustainable ture generations are likely to be blishments in the near vicinity”? that the party was up against factors that were loaded in with good reason, the National lief, a notification under the Envi development as demanding a ba rich enough to enable them to live Would it not “pave way for poach Highway Authority of India’s ur ronment (Protection) Rules, 1986, lancing exercise, as requiring a cal comfortably without breathing ing of endangered species of birds favour of its principal opponent, the BJP, such as money gent request for a stay of the judg which required an EIA for the con culation of tradeoffs between the fresh air. In this illustration, the and animals”? Would it not “pave power and the partisan conduct of the Election Com ment. Such an order would have struction of a new highway, did environment and the economy. principle overlooks, as Prof. Sen way for illicit felling and transpor mission. Cataloguing only this is not, however, an hon rendered unavailing the High not decree such an assessment for What this has meant, as Nivedita wrote, “the need for antiemission tation of valuable timber”? The ri est route to an objective understanding of the party’s Court’s lucidly reasoned ruling. In the purposes of securing the land. Menon has argued, is that the policies that could help future gen gours of the country’s environ degeneration. The lack of maturity, egocentrism, and deed, the quality of the High courts of neoliberal India wound erations to have the freedom to en mental laws, the judgment sense of entitlement underlying Congress president Ra Court’s verdict is such that, when Sustainable development up fashioning a sliding scale of joy the fresh air that earlier gener therefore holds, ought to out hul Gandhi and his sister Priyanka Gandhi Vadra’s res the appeal made against it is For some time now, it’s been evi priorities in which the environ ations enjoyed.” weigh those of procedural laws heard, the Supreme Court could dent that the environment is in a ment, particularly the urban eco concerning acquisition of land, for ponse in the aftermath of the defeat are disheartening find that the judgment demands a state of utter ruin. Recognising system, always trumped people, Primacy to the environment “the protection of environment for sympathisers and a boon for the BJP. Mr. Gandhi wider, national embracing. this, in 1987, a United Nations but where eventually develop Sustainable development can, the stands in a higher pedestal when called out senior leaders for not supporting him and re backed committee led by the form ment trumped it all. This ap refore, work only if the environ placed on scale with that of the signed as party president — but he should know that in Question of procedure er Norwegian Prime Minister Gro proach, she showed, was typified ment is seen as valuable for its economic interest.” politics, victory and power are commanded, not sought The eightlane highway is part of Brundtland proposed a longterm in the Supreme Court judgment in own sake. The Madras High Court By so holding, the Madras High as a favour; Ms. Vadra told a meeting of Congress work the “Bharatmala Pariyojana”, a strategy which called for sustaina a case concerning industrialisa does this in its judgment in Krish- Court has effectively reversed the ers in Uttar Pradesh that they were responsible for the centrally sponsored highways pro ble development, among other tion at the Kudremukh National namoorthy. To argue, as the go prevailing scale of priorities. This gramme, aimed chiefly as a corri things. This programme, radical at Park ( Godavarman, 2002). Hold vernment did, that an EIA wasn’t is especially remarkable since it setback — she should know there is hardly any reason dor for more efficient freight the time, titled “Our Common Fu ing that any development would required before land was acquired comes at a time when the govern why anyone should be working for the party at all in movement. The intended highway ture”, defined the principle as an have an adverse effect on the ecol for a highway, as the court recog ment is seeking to further weaken U.P., unless the leadership inspires them to do so. between Chennai and Salem will endeavour to ensure that any de ogy and the environment, a ba nised, was to effectively place the the existing norms for environ Blaming subordinates is bad leadership; simply cover more than 250 km, and, velopment “meets the needs of lance, wrote Justice Arijit Pasayat, cart before the horse. As the court mental clearance. That such ef threatening to walk away in the face of a setback is irres once constructed, will cut its way the present without compromis had to be struck. “Where the com pointed out, the highway in ques forts at diluting environmental ponsible brinkmanship. This is why it is revealing that through a slew of agricultural and ing the ability of the future genera mercial venture or enterprise tion here was a greenfield project protections are underway when it in the midst of all this, the brothersister duo met Navjot reserve forest lands. Although the tions to meet their own needs.” would bring in results which are that was intended as an altogether has become increasingly apparent High Court framed a series of Since then, sustainable develop far more useful for the people, dif new road to be constructed on vir that climate change represents an Singh Sidhu, a recent entrant from the BJP to the Con questions that required answer ment has been viewed as someth ficulty of a small number of people gin land. In such a case, to eschew existential threat ought to alarm us gress who is publicly challenging Punjab Chief Minister ing, the ultimate controversy in ing of a mantra in environmental has to be bypassed,” he wrote. an EIA before land was obtained into action. One way to act is to Amarinder Singh, who led the campaign from the front the case came down to this: was an jurisprudence. So much so that in “The comparative hardships have would have created irreversible ef compel the state to look beyond and held the State for the party. Mr. Sidhu’s photoop environmental impact assessment India, even before the principle to be balanced and the conve fects that would have had a bear exercises of balancing, as the High gave sufficient grounds to assume that even in this mo (EIA) required before efforts were crystallised into a binding interna nience and benefit to a larger sec ing not only on the environment, Court does, and to see nature as ment of existential crisis, the Congress leadership is made to acquire land for the high tional norm, the Supreme Court in tion of the people has to get prima but also on the social and econom intrinsically valuable. susceptible to machinations by courtiers who have a way project? If not, at what stage Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum cy over comparatively lesser ic life of the landowners. history of undermining strong regional leaders. On a of the project was such an assess (1996) read the idea as intrinsic to hardship.” “The land of an agriculturist,” S uhrith Parthasarthy is is an advocate ment required? India’s constitutional structure. Utilitarian reckonings of this wrote Justice T.S. Sivagnanam, for practising at the Madras High Court more selfreflective note, Mr. Gandhi would realise that his obsession, to the exclusion of almost everything else, with elections in the party’s student and youth wings was meaningless and selfindulgent. Good lead ers know there is only one way to go when pushed to Shaky building blocks the wall. For that he needs to hold himself accountable to his party persons, and openly so. The Congress today The draft National Education Policy reinforces outdated ideas about the goals of a foundational literacy programme needs a strong leader; and Indian democracy needs the leader of the largest Opposition party to be mindful of While each of these factors is un a balance of materials — moving what it takes to prepare teachers the responsibility that the position carries. Mr. Gandhi doubtedly important, they do not beyond textbooks and workbooks to successfully teach foundational must decide whether he can be that leader. address with sufficient clarity cur to high quality children’s litera literacy in a multilingual country. ricular, pedagogical and teacher ture, material created by the chil Instead, the document recom educationrelated issues that dren themselves, and the like. mends recruiting volunteers and Full disclosure plague the teaching and learning Teachers need to know how to community members to support S hailaja Menon of early literacy in many Indian differentiate instruction for lear the acquisition of early literacy SEBI’s new framework for financial disclosure classrooms. ners at different levels and how to (even remedial instruction!) in the by credit rating agencies may not be enough Most classrooms across India provide specific help to students primary grades, albeit under the

any children in elemen view the task of foundational lite SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT who are struggling. This also re guidance of teachers. This lends midst the rising number of defaults by compa tary classrooms across In racy as teaching children to mas quires sufficient time — an average credence to a dangerous and erro nies, the chief markets regulator is taking the Mdia cannot read and write ter the script, and being able to writing starting only in Grades 4 of twothree hours per day, as per neous idea that any literate person Afight to what it thinks is the enemy: ratings agen proficiently, as demonstrated on read simple words and passages and 5. It contradicts evidence sug the recommendations of the Mi can teach literacy, and undercuts an annual basis by the Annual Sta with comprehension. Higher or gesting that young children be nistry of Human Resource Deve sophisticated understandings re cies. The Securities and Exchange Board of India has tus of Education Reports (ASER). der meaning making, critical taught listening, speaking, reading lopment (MHRD). While it may be lated to children’s development asked credit rating agencies in the country to, among This affects other schoolbased thinking, reading and responding and writing simultaneously and beyond the scope of a policy docu and literacy learning that teachers other things, clearly state the “probability of default” of learning, as well as functioning in to literature, and writing are typi not sequentially. ment to detail specific curricular ideally bring to their jobs. Volun the instruments they rate for the benefit of investors. societies and economies that prize cally reserved for later years of and pedagogical approaches, it teers can be used, but cannot be a There have been a record 163 downgrades of debt in literacy. schooling. This draft reinforces Many pedagogical approaches must provide sufficient direction primary mechanism that a nation struments this year, according to data released by such restrictive and outdated Another concern is that the re for a national curriculum frame al policy relies upon to deliver Prime Database this week. This is more than double the Capabilities of young children ideas about the goals of a founda commendations are based on ge work to pick up from — in this foundational literacy to students. number of defaults over the whole of last year. Debt in It was heartening, therefore, to see tional literacy programme. neric theories of early childhood case, it should signal the need for a In focusing on the limitations of a chapter devoted to “Foundation Research evidence from around education, such as multiple age balanced and comprehensive ap the nonacademic nature of angan struments issued by prominent companies including al Literacy and Numeracy” in the the globe demonstrates unequivo groups learning together in flexi proach to foundational literacy wadi experiences on the one Yes Bank, Essel and Jet Airways have been downgraded draft National Education Policy, cally that even very young chil ble, play and activitybased ways. and knowledgeable teachers for its hand, and the inappropriate cur this year. This spate of defaults, which may well be a 2019. The focus it places on the dren are capable of using early They don’t draw upon ideas spec implementation. Earlier docu ricular and pedagogic practices sign of the turning of the credit cycle in the broader eco early years is welcome, and the forms of reading, writing and ific to the teaching and learning of ments addressing this issue (for ex followed by many private pre nomy, may have forced SEBI to crack the whip on credit continuity it recommends bet drawing to express themselves early literacy. Early literacy re ample, MHRD’s Padhe Bharat, schools on the other, the authors rating agencies. In a circular released on Thursday, SE ween the preprimary and prim and to communicate; they are also quires a “balance” between help Badhe Bharat, 2014, and Ambed of the draft appear to have not en BI laid down a new standard framework for financial ary years is necessary. Likewise, capable of inferential meaning ing children to acquire the script, kar University’s position paper on gaged with the advances made by its emphasis on mother tongue making, critical thinking, and so and engaging them with higher or Early Language and Literacy in In scholars, practitioners and policy disclosure by credit rating agencies that it believes will based education and oral language on. This entire body of scholar der meaning making. It also re dia, 2016) have been far more makers in the field of early litera enhance the quality of information made available by development are critical. Howev ship, referred to as “emergent lite quires knowledge of a variety of specific in recommending a com cy. these agencies to investors. Notably, the agencies will er, the analysis presented on why racy”, has been ignored in the pedagogical approaches, such as prehensive approach with ex have to publish information on how their performance children fail to learn to read and draft. This has powerful conse reading aloud to children, guiding panded time, and a balance of S hailaja Menon is Professor and in the rating of debt instruments compares with a write largely points to factors sur quences for the recommendations children in their efforts to read goals, methods and materials. Programme-in-Charge, Early Literacy benchmark created in consultation with SEBI. The reg rounding the teaching and learn that follow, which propose largely and write, encouraging indepen Initiative, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, ulator believes this will help investors to better gauge ing process — the health and nutri oral activities for the preprimary dent exploration, helping them Teaching literacy Hyderabad, and Faculty, School of tional status of children, high grades, reading hours for Grades learn about different genres of This brings me to a third concern, Education, Azim Premji University, the performance of credit rating agencies. studentteacher ratios, and so on. 13, with an additional hour for texts, and so on. Further, it needs which is a lack of discussion about Bengaluru SEBI’s aggressive regulatory approach seems to sug gest a certain disappointment with credit rating agen cies, which may not be unfounded. They have been LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Letters emailed to [email protected] must carry the full postal address and the full name or the name with initials. caught napping on several occasions, including during the recent default by Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services on its debt commitments. They are also seen S tate of the media picked up by much of the who wanted a “powerful” who suffered silently and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra’s on rain and freshwater by many as being more loyal to companies whose in Over the years, political media for further analysis. Prime Minister and not a even gave up their lives castigation of party workers resources, and China is parties in power have V. Nagarajan, performing democratic because of following these for the dismal performance making huge investments in struments they rate rather than to investors who pro learned how to influence Chennai government. customs and practices. of the Congress in Uttar water conservation vide precious capital. These concerns need to be ad and even silence the media G.B. Sivanandam, Vrinda Rajvanshi, Pradesh is really projects. In comparison, dressed. SEBI’s attempt seems to be to align ratings (“Democracy can die in The disdain that some C oimbatore N ew Delhi unfortunate (“You let party policymakers in India have methodologies with global best practices. The sugges daylight too”, June 14). sections in the country down, Priyanka Gandhi consistently failed to accord tion to revise the method of computing default rates More than print media, it is have for the judgment of No free will When a nation is tells Congress workers”, due importance to water and the precise definition of terms that raters should mostly TV channels that the common people is only One cannot be forced to confronted with terror June 13). It shows that conservation initiatives use in describing a client’s liquidity position — strong, have lent themselves to too evident in sentences accept a custom and then attacks, it adopts strong Congress leaders squarely (“Rainwater harvesting easy manipulation. Facts like “the BJP’s logicdefying call it ‘free will’ (“Liberals measures to tighten its place the blame on the could have saved city from adequate, stretched and poor — are aimed at sharpen and real issues have been triumph...”. The party has need to think again”, June national security. We must workers if they lose, but if crisis”, June 14). Mindless ing disclosure and leaving little room for raters to be relegated to the margins the people’s support. What 14). It is an entrenched be unified in our fight they win, then all credit exploitation of groundwater ambiguous. What is not clear, though, is how the new and only biases are other logic is required to system of domination that against terrorism. If we goes to the Gandhi family resources and failure to framework will effectively resolve the conflict of inter perpetuated. It is sad to see understand the BJP’s led to the argue that certain measures and the leadership. recharge existing water est issue that plagues the rating industry. The issuer many intelligent people victory? institutionalisation of many being taken hurt for safety Arun Malankar, aquifers are why many pays model where the ratings agency is paid by the is falling for fake news and M.S. Sagar Reddy, regressive social customs. hurt our religious Mumbai parts of Tamil Nadu are H yderabad suer of the instrument that it rates is not a healthy one. propaganda. Since 2014, Men at the forefront of sentiments, it will dilute facing severe water Water conservation But the problem is that a viable alternative is yet to be one sees TV channels society always decided our fight against terrorism. shortage. It is high time we targeting not the The narrative reinforced by what women must do. Sneha Thakur, Singapore is known to made this issue a priority. proposed. The bottomline is that the poor track record government for its failures the media that there is no Every time we justify such N ew Delhi conserve water in multiple M. Jeyaram, of credit rating agencies is known to most investors and but the Opposition. Even alternative, or the TINA customs by calling them ways, Israel’s water S holavandan is appropriately discounted by market participants. the Rafale disclosures in factor as it is called, was acts of ‘free will’, we are Take responsibility management has made its more letters online: this newspaper were not accepted by most people letting down the women Congress general secretary agriculture less dependent www.hindu.com/opinion/letters/ CM A ND-NDE YK EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

THE HINDU DELHI SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 2019 GROUND ZERO 11 EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

Ishar Saini prepares his ﬁeld to sow the season’s kharif crop after uprooting and destroying the GM brinjal crop that he had planted on his farm in Nathwan village, Fatehabad district, Haryana. (Below): Seeds of various vegetables are sold in a shop in Dabwali.

Ishar’s son bought the brinjal saplings from a vendor in the vicinity. * AKHILESH KUMAR The mysterious case of GM brinjal cultivation Last month, genetically modiﬁed brinjal was found in a farm in Haryana. While the government insists that this is a oneoﬀ case, activists wonder how widespread the problem could be. The spotlight is back on an old debate, reports Vikas Vasudeva

raving the stifling June heat, Ishar and buried deep inside the earth to ‘event test’. [Event is a term used to de pected brinjal. A lateral flow strip test [a <> The crop from Ishar’s field was Saini is busy preparing his half avoid any contamination. Growing and scribe the point on a chromosome preliminary test conducted using a kit] destroyed and buried deep Bacre field to sow the season’s kha selling genetically modified brinjal is a where a genetic tweaking has happened was conducted and it indicated that the inside the earth to avoid any rif crop. Ishar has unwittingly been in violation under the rules of the Union — an addition or deletion, for instance. sample was of genetically modified contamination. We have also the limelight in Haryana for over a Environment Ministry. We have also By identifying the ‘event’, scientists can brinjal. The lateral strip method is not a surveyed fields across the State month, ever since genetically modified surveyed fields across the State and we say exactly which line the crop came confirmatory test though. So I sent sam and we have found no trace of brinjal, the cultivation of which is illegal have found no trace of genetically mod from.] But neither the State government ples to the Ahmedabadbased SGS Priv in India, was found planted on his rent ified brinjal anywhere else. A report in nor the Central government has done ate Limited, a laboratory accredited by genetically modified brinjal ed farm. Saini was forced to destroy the this regard has been sent to the Union this.” Chaudhary is associated with Ku the National Accreditation Board for anywhere else. crop in the presence of local officials Agriculture Ministry,” he says. R.K. drati Kheti Abhiyan which conducted Testing and Calibration Laboratories. A Ranbir Singh J oint director, Haryana horticulture department and activists in Nathwan village, Fateha Chauhan, joint director in Haryana’s en the preliminary tests, using the ‘lateral report on May 8 by the laboratory con bad district. What remains a mystery is vironment department, says an interim flow strip method’, on the brinjal pro firmed that the brinjal samples were ge the source of the seeds of the transgenic report based on the observations of the duced in Ishar’s farm. netically modified.” they put forth the argument that farm variety. expert committee has been sent to the He cautions that if immediate and ers should be allowed to reap the bene Ishar asserts that neither he nor his Union Environment Ministry. stringent steps are not taken, the story Unable to differentiate crops fits of modern technology, which would son Jeevan Saini, who bought the sa The test results of the sample collect of Bt cotton could very well be repeated In Dabwali, where Jeevan bought the help them boost their income by fetch plings of brinjal in December 2017, was ed from Ratia’s fields establish that ge in the country. “Bt cotton entered In seeds, seed suppliers and dealers say ing better returns. aware that the saplings were of a genet netically modified brinjal did not come dian fields illegally and then was accord they do not know about the sale or avail On June 10, a few hundred farmers ically modified variety. The Sainis had <> My son bought saplings that from the line that was developed by Ma ed postfacto approval. Today nonBt ability of illegal genetically modified gathered at Akot village in Maharash procured them from a roadside vendor were available in the market. If hyco, the Maharashtrabased seed com cotton seeds are practically out of the seedlings in regulated markets. Some, tra’s Akola district to protest against the in Dabwali, a town nearly 100 km from they were of an illegal variety, pany that developed Bt brinjal . Mahy market and can only be procured with however, do not rule out the possibility ban of cultivation of genetically modi Nathwan. it’s for the government co’s Bt brinjal is commercially grown in great difficulty. Moreover, the adverse of such saplings or seedlings being sold fied crops. “To show our anguish Samples were collected from Ishar’s Bangladesh. In India, Mahyco’s Bt brin impacts of genetically modified food are in unregulated markets. against the ban we sowed herbicidetol agencies to answer how this field by the Haryana horticulture de jal was cleared in 2009 for commercial not evident immediately, they are evi “If a genetically modified crop has erant Bt cotton in the field of one of our partment on April 29 this year, follow variety came to be sold in the cultivation by the Genetic Engineering dent only in the long run. So, the fact been found on one farm, it means that fellow farmers,” says Gun Parkash, Bha ing a complaint by activists. They were market. We are the victims, not Appraisal Committee, the apex body that the Sainis have been consuming ge saplings or seedlings are being sold. Sa ratiya Kisan Union’s Haryana unit presi then sent to the National Bureau of the culprits. that decides on genetically modified or netically modified brinjal without any plings are sold in nurseries. Many mo dent, who participated in the protest. Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in I shar Saini ganisms in the country. But in 2010, visible adverse effects does not mean it bile vendors sell seedlings. This means The protest was spearheaded by Shetka New Delhi for testing. Farmer former Union Environment Minister Jai is safe,” he says. Chaudhury adds that anyone can be involved in selling the ri Sanghatana, a farmer body which has ram Ramesh put an indefinite moratori there is a grave danger of illegal geneti banned seeds. We have the example of been opposing the government’s ban of In the eye of the storm and they fetched good returns. We con um on Bt brinjal on the grounds that cally modified brinjal cultivation prolif Bt cotton before us,” says Rakesh Garg, genetically modified crops. “What is our fault? My son bought sa sumed the same brinjal at home and it there was scientific and public disagree erating if the Central and State govern a vegetable seed dealer who has been in Stating that a similar kind of protest plings that were available in the market. seemed fine. One of my friends in the ment on its safety. ments do not act swiftly. “The seedling the business for over 15 years in Dabwa will be launched in Haryana and Punjab If they were of an illegal variety, it’s for neighbourhood had also procured the supply of this suspected genetically li’s vegetable market. Garg adds that it is in the days to come, Parkash says, the government agencies to answer how saplings along with me, but he des The extent of illegal cultivation modified brinjal happened last year. It is important for government agencies to “These genetically modified crops are this variety came to be sold in the mar troyed the crop in 2018 after he found While the government insists that this is not clear what the extent of illegal cul trace the entire supply chain — from in use in many parts of the world. Coun ket. We are the victims here, not the cul that it got infested.” a oneoff case, activists are anxious over tivation of this unapproved crop is.” seed developers to intermediaries — to tries like the U.S. and Canada are using prits,” says Ishar. After the brinjal crop Jeevan says he has not met the ven the extent of genetically modified crop Chaudhary narrates how he was able find out the origin of seed and sapling this technology. With the use of geneti was uprooted, Ishar sowed Bt cotton in dor from whom he purchased the sa cultivation in India and blame govern to trace the field where the suspected supply. cally modified technology, costs are re his field. Apart from the half acre that plings after that one time. “Most of the ment agencies for adopting a casual atti cultivation of genetically modified brin At Garg’s store, Ram Swarup, a farm duced, pest attacks are lower and pro the Sainis have rented, they also own vendors come with saplings during the tude in dealing with the situation. Rajin jal had taken place. “A resident of Ratia er from a nearby village called Rajpur duction is higher. Farmers who are in one acre of land. sowing season. They leave after selling der Chaudhary, a former professor in town went to a local nursery to fetch sa Majra, points out that it’s difficult to dif distress is our country are not able to “First, we had to bear the loss caused the saplings. It’s difficult to track them,” the Department of Economics at M.D. plings of brinjal. When he was discuss ferentiate between saplings of a geneti reap the benefits of genetically modified by the uprooting of the brinjal crop, he says. University, Rohtak, says: “If the govern ing the shoot and fruit borer [the most cally modified plant and those of a nor crops because these crops are banned.” which was ready to be plucked. We had Beeru, 60, who has three and a half ment was really serious about protect destructive pest of brinjal], the nursery mal variety plant. Hence it’s not difficult He adds that farmers and consumers in spent about ₹25,000 on the crop’s acres of farmland adjacent to Ishar’s ing India’s biodiversity and consumer merchant told him about a local farmer to sell genetically modified seeds in the Bangladesh have been safely reaping maintenance this season. Now we have land, says: “Though I have not seen health, it should undertake an extensive [Saini] who had planted a brinjal variety market, he says. “Also, when a farmer the benefits of Bt brinjal, but in India to spend additional money on sowing anyone else apart from Sainis sowing striptesting of brinjal and map the ex that is resistant to the shoot and fruit grows genetically modified brinjal, the successive governments have preferred the new crop. This will cost us at least this variety of brinjal in the village, it tent of genetically modified brinjal cul borer. When he tipped us off about the harvested crop is similar to any other to keep quiet. another ₹5,000 . The government can’t be ruled out that this variety is not tivation in the country,” he says. “It variety, I visited the farm in April this variety. Even the consumer can’t make “The ban on genetically modified should compensate us for this as farm being cultivated elsewhere. I am sure should get further tests done, such as an year and bought a few kgs of the sus out the difference,” says Swarup, who crops is not just restricting farmers ing is the main source of our livelihood,” those vendors or dealers must have sold has 11 acres of farmland. from accessing technology but is also says Ishar. the saplings and seedlings to many oth Umendra Dutt of Kheti Virasat Mis promoting an illegal market to flourish. Jeevan, 33, pleads ignorance. He says er farmers. Government agencies sion, an organisation promoting organ The adverse consequences of an unreg he had no idea that sowing this variety should ensure that such seeds are not ic farming, says the government should ulated market are far more dangerous. of brinjal was illegal: “How could I pos sold in the market. They must find out take legal action against the suppliers of Even though in our country no geneti sibly know whether the saplings were a the origin of the seed supply.” these seedlings or saplings. “Curbing cally modified food crop has been given genetically modified variety or not? The the supply network of illegal genetically a nod due to biosafety issues, genetical vendor told me that the brinjal plant ‘A oneoff case’ modified brinjal is something that ly modified substances have already en would be free from insects. The price, Samples from Ishar’s farm that were should not be ignored at all. However, tered our food chain,” he says. though, was high. It cost me seven to sent to the NBPGR in Delhi for testing it’s equally important that no penal ac Therein lies the irony. “Bt cotton cul eight times more than the regular varie were shown to be of a genetically modi tion should be taken against farmers tivation is allowed in India as a nonfood ties, but because he assured me of bet fied variety. Soon after, a committee of who have been duped into cultivating crop but then cotton seed oil is extract ter quality produce and good returns, I experts was set up by the Haryana go these illegal seeds. Instead, they must ed from these plants and is being con decided to cultivate it.” Jeevan was a vernment and chaired by the Vice Chan be fully compensated for the destruc sumed in parts of the country, especial motor mechanic for 20 years. It was on cellor of the Haryana Agricultural Un tion of their standing crop,” he says. ly in Gujarat and Maharashtra. Not only ly a couple of years ago that he joined iversity to analyse the NBPGR’s findings. this, canola oil and soybean oil are both his family occupation of farming. They government confirmed the find Support for GM brinjal extracted from imported seeds, which “In April and May last year, I harvest ings and said genetically modified brin Meanwhile, others are demanding that are produced from genetically modified ed the first produce of the crop,” says jal had been sold in the market. the Central government should allow crops abroad. It’s high time our govern Jeevan, as he assists his father on the Ranbir Singh, joint director at Harya cultivation of genetically modified ment realises that genetically modified farm. “The quality was good, though I na’s horticulture department, insists crops, including of brinjal, across the crops have already entered the food had to spray pesticides. I sold the brinjal that this is a oneoff case, however. “The country as they claim that the crops are chain,” Parkash says. in the local markets of Ratia and Tohana crop from Ishar’s field was destroyed absolutely safe for consumption. Also, The debate is far from settled. CM A ND-NDE YK नई दिल्ली शनिवार, 15 जूि 2019

दनर््ीक पत््कादिता का आठवां िशक इस बात का हमेशा ख्याल रखे् नक नसर्फ आपका संकल्प ही आपकी सरलता के नलए मायिे रखता है, कोई और चीज िही्... स्थापिा वर्ष ः 1948 अब््ाहम लिंकन

शंघाई सहयोग संगठि से रारत बेशक हाल मे् जुड्ा है, लेनकि इसके सदस्य देशो् के साथ नवनरन्ि क््ेत््ो् मे् सहयोग और मदद टननटेबल पर लकया गया की प््नतबद््ता तथा आतंकवाद के नखलार बिा जिमत उम्मीद जगाते है्। दिश्केक मे् मोिी प्रयोग रैप बन गया अपनी कहानी बगिथतान की राजधानी बिचकेक मᴂ आयोबजत ईथटनि इकोनॉबमक फोरम मᴂ मु奍य अबतबथ के तौर पर आमंबित एससीओ (शंघाई सहयोग संगठन) की िैठक बकया। 셂स से टूटे ए देशⴂ के संगठन एससीओ से भारत िेशक जोसेर सेडलर मᴂ िधानमंिी नरᴂद्र मोदी द्वारा आतंकवाद पर िाद मᴂ जुड़ा है, लेबकन दुबनया की 42 फीसदी आिादी और 20 लक बिंता जताने के िाद एससीओ के घोषणापि िबतशत जीडीपी का िबतबनबधनव करने वाले इस संगठन से, बजसके वीडन पोलर 륍यूहिक प्राइि हमलना हसफफ मेरा िी निĂ, बहकक िर मᴂ आतंकवाद को बजस तरह शाबमल बकया अबधकांश सदथय देशⴂ के पास तेल और गैस के भंडार हℂ, जुड़ने डीिे, रैपर, ब्रेक-डांसर का स륍मान िै। मℂने कभी निĂ सोचा था हक गया, वह भारत के 셁ख का ही थवीकार है। इससे पहले िीन के का भारत को लाभ आ है, तयⴂबक यह आबथिक और सरिा मुझे दुहनया के कुछ मिान मनोरंिनकताष䴂 मᴂ शाहमल हकया रा�ट्रपबत शी बजनबपंग और 셂स के रा�ट्रपबत पुबतन के साथ मोदी की सहयोग िढ़ाने का मंि है और साकक के लगभग अिभावी हो जाने िाएगा। मℂने िमेशा अपने इस काम को स륍मान के 셂प मᴂ देखा िै। सौहादिपूणि माहौल मᴂ मुलाकात ई। मोदी और बजनबपंग ने सीमा की पृ�ठभूबम मᴂ इस मंि से पाक िायोबजत आतंकवाद पर भारत पठानकोट एयरिेस पर ए आतंकी हमले के िाद से पाबकथतान के बववाद पर िात करने का भरोसा जताया, तो बजनबपंग ने दोनⴂ देशⴂ दुबनया का 鵍यान भी आकृ�ट कर सकता है, जैसा बक उसने साथ वाताि िंद है, लेबकन पाक िायोबजत आतंकी घटना㴂 िंद नहĂ को एक दूसरे के बलए खतरा नहĂ, मौका िताया। संयोग से इस बिचकेक मᴂ बकया। वहां हमारे िधानमंिी ने पाक िधानमंिी इमरान ई हℂ। भारत और बकबगिथतान के िीि कई समझौतⴂ के अलावा साल भारत-िीन संिंधⴂ के सिर साल पूरे हो रहे हℂ, और बजनबपंग खान की अनदेखी की, आतंकवाद के बखलाफ सदथय देशⴂ से मेबडकल टूबर煍म समेत अꅍय कई िेिⴂ मᴂ सदथय देशⴂ के साथ इस वषि यहां आनेवाले भी हℂ। ऐसे ही, पुबतन के साथ मोदी ने रिा एकजुट होने का आह्वान बकया, और पाबकथतान को दोटूक संदेश सहयोग की िबतिद्धता िताती है बक शंघाई सहयोग संगठन के साथ और ऊजाि के मु饍दⴂ पर िात की और अमेठी मᴂ राइफल फैतटरी भी बदया बक आतंकवाद के बखलाफ ठोस कारिवाई के िाद ही भारत का जुड़ाव 핍यापार और सुरिा के अलावा मदद और की थथापना के बलए शुबिया अदा बकया, तो पुबतन ने मोदी को उसके साथ िातिीत होगी। गौरतलि है बक जनवरी, 2016 मᴂ सांथकृबतक लेन-देन के भी नए बिबतज खोलेगी। स््््ी ही रचेगी प््ेम की िई पनररारा मेरा जꅍम कैरेबियन देश िारिडोस मᴂ आ, िाद मᴂ हम अमेबरका आ गए। ꅍयूयॉकक के ब्रⴂ啍स मᴂ मेरा िचपना िीता। चार िहनⴂ के िीच मℂ अकेला भाई था। मेरी मां अपिे अनधकार के नलए लड्िे का मतलब यह िही् नक मनहलाएं पुर्र हो जाएं। स््््ी को स््््ी बिकर ही जीिा होगा और पुर्रवादी सोच से बसलाई करती थĂ, जिबक मेरे बपता कैरेबियन और अफ्रीकी अमेबरकी-बरकॉडड के ित िड़े प्रशंसक थे और वह उꅍहᴂ एकबित करते थे। वह शराि पीते थे,और मुस्तत पािी होगी। यािी हम पुर्र निर्षर िही् हो्गे, लेनकि स््््ी के गुणो्, उिकी नवशेरताओ् को बरकरार रखे्गे। अ啍सर मेरी मां और िहनⴂ के साथ मारपीट करते थे। उꅍहⴂने हमारा साथ ति छोड़ छ साल पहले िांनलादेश मᴂ अबभनेता जयंत की िवृबि को उनके कोमल दय का ही पबरिायक माना जाता है। बदया जि मℂ बसफक सात वषष का था। ि絍टोपा鵍याय की थिी मैिेयी ने पंखे से लटककर लेबकन मरना कोई कोमल िवृबि नहĂ है। इसबलए थिी जि आनमहनया आनमहनया कर ली थी। बजतना मℂने सुना था, जयंत करती है, तो अनजाने मᴂ ही वह पु셁ष हो जाती है। जैसे पु셁ष संघषष मᴂ बीता बचपन कु का बकसी और मबहला से िेम था। मैिेयी को यह मबहला䴂 से घृणा करते हℂ, वैसे ही मबहला㴂 खुद से घृणा करने लगती ꅍयूयॉकक मᴂ मुझे और मेरी िहन को िचपन मᴂ फॉटर केयर (थानीय अबभभावकⴂ सहन नहĂ आ, इसबलए उसने आनमहनया कर ली हℂ। पु셁ष बजस तरह मबहला䴂 की हनया करते हℂ, वैसे ही मबहला㴂 भी की देखरेख) मᴂ रहना पड़ा। वहां हमने पांच वषष बिताए, उसी दौरान मुझे एक थी। थोड़े बदनⴂ पहले िांनलादेश के कलाकार काजी आबरफ की मृनयु खुद को मार डालती हℂ। कूल के कायषक्रम मᴂ पहली िार डीजे िनने का मौका बमला। इस िीच मℂने ई। सुना है, कुछ साल पहले उनके िेम मᴂ सुमना मेह셂न नाम की मℂ लड़बकयⴂ और मबहला䴂 को हमेशा अꅍयाय के बव셁द्ध खड़े होने सैमुअल गॉ륍पसष हाई कूल (जो बक सावषजबनक 핍यवसाबयक कूल था) से एक कवबयिी ने आनमहनया कर ली थी। कभी कोई थिी अपने पबत के बलए कहती ं। अपने अबधकार के बलए लड़ने के बलए कहती ं। इले啍ट्रॉबनक उपकरणⴂ की मर륍मत का काम सीखा। मेरे बपता के पास सवषश्रे�ठ के 핍यवहार से दुखी होकर आनमहनया करती है, तो कभी कोई िेबमका मेरा मानना है बक खुद को दिी-कुिली और महनवहीन समझकर थिी गानⴂ के बरकॉडोⴂ का संग्रह मौजूद था। मℂ उनकी अलमारी खोलता था और उनके अपने िेमी की उदासीनता से िु녍ध होकर अपना जीवन समाꥍत कर ने अपना ित नुकसान बकया है। लेबकन मℂ यह भी नहĂ कहती बक पास मौजूद सारे बरकॉडड देखता था। मℂ उꅍहᴂ छूने की कोबशश भी करता था, पर देती है। मबहला㴂 पु셁ष हो जा㴂। थिी को थिी िनकर ही जीना होगा। यानी हम वापस आ जाता था। पढ़ाई पूरी करने के िाद मℂ ꅍयूयॉकक की डीजे पाबटडयⴂ मᴂ पु셁ष असं奍य मबहला䴂 की मृनयु पु셁ष बनभिर नहĂ हⴂगे, लेबकन थिी के गुणⴂ, उनकी बवशेषता䴂 को शाबमल हो गया। के बलए बज륍मेदार हℂ। िरकरार रखᴂगे। थिी जि थिी िनकर बजएगी, तो आनमहनया िंद पु셁षवििथववादी समाज मᴂ पु셁षⴂ होगी। लड़की अपनी लड़कीपन के साथ बजएगी, तो लड़बकयⴂ के िबत हिप-िॉप का उभार से िेम करने का खाबमयाजा बथियⴂ घृणा कम होगी। लड़की अपनी लड़कीपन के साथ बजएगी, तो वषष 1971 मᴂ चीजᴂ तेजी से िदल रही थĂ। संगीत अबिक प्रभावी हो रहा था। तभी को भुगतना पड़ता है। इसके िाद पु셁षवििथववादी समाज ने लड़बकयⴂ के 셂प और गुण का जो पैमाना बहप-हॉप उभर कर सामने आया। इसकी मूल कहानी लोग अपने-अपने तरीके से भी लड़बकयां पु셁षⴂ से िेम करती तय बकया है, उसे न मानकर इसका पैमाना वह खुद तय करेगी। थिी िताते हℂ। पर मेरा मानना है बक ब्रⴂ啍स मᴂ ही इसका उ饍भव आ। हम सभी ने हℂ। औरत की आनमहनया की हर का पु셁ष होना पु셁षⴂ के कपड़े पहनना और पु셁षⴂ का पेशा माने जाने इसमᴂ भूबमका बनभाई। ब्रⴂ啍स के तीन डी.जे. ने साथ बमलकर इसे पाककव घटना िताती है बक उसके जीवन वाले पेशⴂ मᴂ अपनी िबतभा साबित करना नहĂ है। वह तो इस दौर मᴂ सामुदाबयक कᴂद्रⴂ पर आयोबजत बकया। 啍लाइव कℂपिेल ने बरकॉडड पर वाद्य यंिⴂ का कोई मोल नहĂ है। ऐसा नहĂ है है। बजस संिंध मᴂ समानता नहĂ है, वह िेम हो ही नहĂ सकता। ऐसे मबहला㴂 खूि कर रही हℂ, बजसके बलए उꅍहᴂ िधाई भी दी जानी को एक साथ जोड़कर भीड़ को आकबषषत बकया। साउंड핍यू मᴂ, अफ्रीका िंिाता बक पु셁षⴂ की आनमहनया䴂 की मᴂ, नए बसरे से िेम को रिने की कोबशश लड़बकयⴂ को ही करनी िाबहए। और 굍लैश तीसरा था। िंिाता के पास सिसे 煍यादा बरकॉ셍सष के चयन थे। मℂ घटना㴂 सामने नहĂ आतĂ। िबकक होगी। लेबकन लड़बकयⴂ के िदलने से समाज तो नहĂ िदलेगा। जि थिी का पु셁ष हो जाने का मतलि है पु셁षवादी सोि को थवीकार बसफक संगीत देने का एक तरीका लेकर आया, इसबलए तकनीकी 셂प से कहᴂ तो बवकबसत देशⴂ मᴂ पु셁षⴂ की तक पु셁ष नहĂ िदलेगा, जि तक पु셁षवििथववादी समाज 핍यवथथा कर लेना। कोई भी थवतंििेता थिी पु셁षवादी सोि को थवीकार नहĂ हम तीनⴂ ने बमलकर की खोज की थी। आनमहनया का आंकड़ा तुलनानमक की िुबनयाद नहĂ बहलाई जाएगी, ति तक पु셁ष तंि द्वारा रिी गई िेम कर सकती। बपतृसिा ने तमाम पु셁षⴂ को बजस मानबसकता से तैयार तस्लीमा नसिीन 셂प से अबधक देखने मᴂ आता है। की पबरभाषा भी िरकरार रहेगी। बकया है, उस मानबसकता को अथवीकार करना ही पु셁ष होने को बन गया रैप चद्चित लेदिका लेबकन इसके पीछे िेम नहĂ, िबकक पु셁षⴂ ने तो जता ही बदया है बक नारी के बलए िेम की पबरभाषा तया अथवीकार करना है। जि तक लड़बकयां यह काम नहĂ करᴂगी, ति शु셁आत मᴂ मℂने पीट जोꅍस, कूल हकक और ग्रℂडमाटर 굍लावसष की शैबलयⴂ और मानबसक समथया और आबथिक होनी िाबहए। हमारा सामाबजक बवमशि िीख-िीखकर िताता है बक तक वे पु셁षवििथववादी मानबसकता के साथ ही खड़ी हℂ। इसी कारण तकनीकⴂ का साविानीपूवषक अ鵍ययन बकया। बफर मℂने अपने िेड셂म मᴂ डीजे परेशानी जैसे कारण होते हℂ। पु셁ष के बिना थिी का जीवन अथिहीन है। सती िथा भले खनम हो गई अतसर मबहला䴂 के बखलाफ पु셁षⴂ की लड़ाई मᴂ कुछ मबहला䴂 को बगयर के साथ प्रयोग करना शु셂 कर बदया, और ᔂततः तीन डीजे की मानक पु셁ष अमूमन थिी के िेम मᴂ हो, लेबकन बथियⴂ को आज भी रोज अबनन मᴂ अपना जीवन होम करना भी पु셁षⴂ के पाले मᴂ खड़े देखा जाता है। तकनीकᴂ िनाℂ। एक उपकरण के 셂प मᴂ टनषटेि쥍स(बरकॉडड ꥍलेयर) का उपयोग िावले होकर आनमहनया नहĂ पड़ता है। पु셁षⴂ का बहत सोिने वाली बथियां ही हमारी रोल मॉडल पु셁ष भले ही अपने अबधकार मबहला䴂 को न देना िाहे, लेबकन करने वाला मℂ पहला डीजे था और एनालॉग उपकरणⴂ के साथ सि कुछ कर रहा करते। बफर लड़बकयां ही िनती हℂ। लेबकन हमेशा पु셁षⴂ का बहत सोिना भी तया खुद को दोयम वह िाहता है बक उसकी पु셁षवादी मानबसकता को औरतᴂ भी जस था, इसबलए मुझे बडबजटल दुबनया मᴂ कदम रखने मᴂ लंिा समय लगा। मुझे महसूस आनमहनया तयⴂ करती हℂ? इसबलए दज煇 का मान लेना नहĂ है? मृनयु और आनमहनया के अबतबरतत भी की तस थवीकार करᴂ। औरतⴂ मᴂ यह मानबसकता है, तभी िेम करती नहĂ आ बक मℂ टनषटेि쥍स पर जो कर रहा था, वह रैप िन जाएगा। मℂने जो भी बक िेम करने पर लड़बकयां ित कमजोर, ित असहाय हो जाती मबहला㴂 मारी जाती हℂ। देर रात तक अपने पबत का इंतजार करने लड़बकयⴂ को बनमिमता से मार डालने वाली माता㴂 हℂ, अपराधी पबतयⴂ बकया, उसके ठोस आिार के बनमाषण मᴂ दस-िारह साल खचष करने मᴂ कोई हℂ, और खुद को तु楍छ भी समझने लगती हℂ, बजनके जीवन का कोई वाली, हमेशा पबत और पु셁षवििथववादी समाज की यातना㴂 झेलने का साम्रा煍य संभालती पबननयां हℂ, पबरवारⴂ मᴂ तानाशाह मां या दाबदयां आपबि नहĂ थी। मुझे खुशी है बक लोगⴂ ने मेरा अनुसरण बकया। मℂ िदलाव को मोल नहĂ है। नारी िेम करती है, तो पु셁ष के बलए अपना जीवन वाली और अपना मुंह िंद रखने वाली मबहला䴂 का होना न होने के हℂ। दुबनया मᴂ पु셁षवििथववादी सोि बटकी ई है, तो बसफक इसबलए वीकार करता ं, यबद आप इसे वीकार नहĂ करते हℂ, तो यह आपको पीछे छोड़ ꅍयोछावर कर देने की भावना रखती है। दूसरी तरफ पु셁ष िेम करता िरािर ही है। बपछड़े और गरीि देशⴂ मᴂ ऐसी मबहला䴂 की सं奍या ही नहĂ बक पु셁ष ऐसा िाहते हℂ, िबकक यह इसबलए भी है, तयⴂबक देता है। इसबलए मℂ िदलाव के साथ अ楍छा महसूस करता ं। है, तो वह नारी को सुरिा देने के नाम पर उसके शरीर पर अपना अबधक है। मबहला䴂 ने भी इस पु셁षवादी सोि को िनाए रखने मᴂ जाने-अनजाने -संगीत का नोिेल माने जाने वाले पोलर प्राइज से स륍माबनत संगीतकार जोसेफ सेडलर अबधकार जताने की कोबशश करता है। यह और कुछ हो, पर िेम नहĂ िेम मᴂ पागल या हताश होने पर आनमहनया कर लेने की मबहला䴂 मदद की है। इस सोि से मुबतत मᴂ ही मबहला䴂 की मुबतत बछपी है। (ग्रℂड माटर 굍लैश) के बवबभꅍन साक्षा配कारⴂ पर आिाबरत।

फैक्ट फाइल सूत्् रणबीर दंड संनहता जेि कूम चेन््ोदिल िना पय्िटन स्थल जीवन मᴂ सफलता के ललए चेि््ोनबल मे् हुए परमाणु हादसे पर बिे एक टीवी पयिटकⴂ की सं奍या िढ़ रही है, लेबकन पयिटकⴂ का 핍यवहार बिंता का कारण भी िन गया है। धारावानहक के प््सारण के बाद पय्षटको् की संख्या बढ्ी। इस ह굍ते सोशल मीबडया मᴂ आई वहां की दोत भी ज셂री होते हℂ तथवीरⴂ की आलोिना की गई और उꅍहᴂ पीबड़तⴂ और घटनाथथल की पबविता का अपमान माना मेरा ििपन यूिेन के कीव मᴂ िीता। मेरी मां गृबहणी थĂ और मेरे बपता अथपतालⴂ एवं के लिए दलयाना मार्ाि न्यूयॉक्क टाइम्स गया। एक मबहला को लेकर खासी नाराजगी थी, जो थकूलⴂ के बनमािण का काम करते थे। मेरे माता-बपता ने शायद ही कभी फोन पर िात बक एक तथवीर मᴂ हादसे के िाद खाली करवा बदए की हो, तयⴂबक उꅍहᴂ सरकार द्वारा फोनटैप बकए जाने का डर था। इसबलएमℂ ऐसी प्रतीका配मकतवीर अप्रैल, 1986 मᴂ जि उिरी यूिेन के एक परमाणु गए भुतहा शहर बिꥍयत मᴂ घातक पदाथोⴂ से ििाव संिार िणाली के िारे मᴂ सोिता था, बजस पर बकसी का बनयंिण न हो। सोलह वषि संयंि मᴂ धमाका आ था, ति सोबवयत अबधकाबरयⴂ के बलए पहने जाने वाले 'हैजमैट सूट' मᴂ भड़काऊ की उम्रमᴂ मℂ राजनीबतक अबथथरता और यदी बवरोधी माहौलके कारण अपनी मां के 1932 मᴂ ज륍मू-क�मीर के त配कालीन महाराजा के ने इस हादसे से संिंबधत खिरⴂ के िसारण को नजर आ रही है। इन तथवीरⴂ को देखने के िाद साथ अमेबरका िला आया, जहां हमᴂ सरकारी सहायता के तहत दो कमरे का एक नाम पर रणबीर दंड संहहता लागू की गई थी। बनयंबित करने मᴂ कोई कसर नहĂ छोड़ी थी। यहां चेनोषबिल के लेखक और बनमािता िैग मैबजन ने छोटा-सा अपाटटमᴂट रहने के बलए बमला। मेरे बपता की यूिेन मᴂ ही मृनयु हो गई। मेरा भारतकेकानूनीमामलⴂमᴂअदालतᴂभारतीयदंड तक बक टेलीफोन पर होने वाली बनजी िातिीत मᴂ पयिटकⴂ से अपील की बक वे ऐसे लोगⴂ की थमृबतयⴂ पबरवार इतना गरीि था बक अमेबरका मᴂ हम कतार संहिता(आईपीसी)केतितकाररवाईकरतीिℂ,लेहकन िेनोिबिल श녍द का बजि आने पर फोन लाइन काट का स륍मान करᴂ, बजꅍहⴂने वहां अपना जीवन या मᴂ खाना खाते थे। मेरी मां आया का काम करती थी ज륍मू-क�मीरमᴂआईपीसीकीजगिरणबीरदंड दी जाती थी। लेबकन तीन दशक िाद घटनािम ने बजंदगी जीने के साधन खो बदए। आप 鵍यान रखᴂ बक और मℂ ग्रॉसरी कीदुकान मᴂ सफाई का काम करता संहिता(आरपीसी)काइतेमालहकयाजातािै।ज륍मू अजीि मोड़ बलया है और िेनोिबिल के आसपास वहां एक भयावह हादसा आ था। पीबड़तⴂ के था। जि मℂ अ絍ठारह वषि का आ, तो मेरी क�मीरकेकठुआदु�कमरमामलेमᴂफैसलाआनेके का वबजित िेि तेजी से पयिटन थथल के 셂प मᴂ उभर स륍मान मᴂ संयबमत 핍यवहार करᴂ। बदलिथपी कंꥍयूटर िोग्राबमंगमᴂ जगी औरमℂ कंꥍयूटर बादआरपीसीचचारकेकᴂद्रमᴂिै।भारतीयसंहवधान रहा है। ऐसा बपछले महीने अमेबरका और बिटेन मᴂ टूर डायरेतटर कोरोल कहते हℂ बक 1986 मᴂ जि से संिंबधत पुरानी बकतािᴂ खरीदकर लाता था और केअनु楍छेद370केमुताहबक,ज륍मू-क�मीररा煍य इस धमाके पर आधाबरत एक टीवी बमनी सीरीज यह हादसा आ था, ति वह पबचिमी यूिेन मᴂ रहते उसे अ楍छी तरह पढ़कर बफर िेि देता था। बफर मℂने मᴂभारतीयदंडसंहिताकाइतेमालज륍मू-क�मीरमᴂ (�ंखला) के लोकबिय होने के कारण आ है। िाद उस थथान को देखना िाहते हℂ, जहां यह थे और ति वह सोबवयत संघ का बहथसा था। सैन जोस थटेट यूबनवबसिटी मᴂ दाबखला बलया, साथ निĂहकयाजासकता।दरअसल,आजादीसेपिले एििीओ से िसाबरत चेनोषबिल नामक इस बमनी हादसा आ था। 'एतसलूशन जोन मैनेजमᴂट' से िेनोिबिल आने वाले अबधकांश पयिटकⴂ को एहसास ही अꅍथटट 䄂ड यंग कंपनी मᴂ सुरिा का काम करने ज륍मू-क�मीरएकवतंत्रहरयासतथी।विांडोगरा सीरीज मᴂ परमाणु संयंि की िार नंिर इकाई मᴂ ए संिंबधत यूिेन की सरकारी एजᴂसी के मुताबिक होता है बक वे जो कुछ देख रहे हℂ बक उसकी लगा। 1977 मᴂ मेरी मुलाकात या मᴂ काम करने राजवंशकाशासनथा,मिाराजारणबीरहसंिविांके धमाके और उसके िाद के िभाव को काकपबनक 2014 मᴂ वहां 8,404 पयिटक आए थे, जो 2018 गंभीरता कैसी है। हादसे के िाद लंिे समय तक वाले िायन एतटन से ई, जो िाद मᴂ गहरी दोथती शासकथे।1932मᴂमिाराजाकेनामपररणबीर 셂प बदया गया है। घटनाथथल की सैर करवाने वाली मᴂ िढ़कर 71,862 हो गए और इस वषि अकेले मई सोबवयत नागबरकⴂ से इसकी 핍यापकता और मᴂ िदल गई। या मᴂ मुझे एतटन की मदद से ही नौकरी बमली। लेबकन कुछ ही बदनⴂ दंडसंहितालागूकीगईथी।यिसंहिताथॉमस कंपनी सोलोईथट के िमुख बवतटर कोरोल कहते हℂ महीने मᴂ ही 12,591 पयिटक यहां आए। इस हादसे पयािवरण पर होने वाले इसके िभाव से संिंबधत िाद एक ऐसा मौका आया, जि मेरे िॉस ने मुझे कह बदया बक या तो पढ़ाई कर लो बैहबंटनमैकॉलेकीआईपीसीकेिीसमानिै,पर बक रोजाना पयिटकⴂ की सं奍या िढ़ती जा रही है और की वजह से कई वषोⴂ के दौरान हजारⴂ लोग मारे गए जानकाबरयⴂ को बछपाए रखा गया। वहां अि भी एक या नौकरी करो। ᔂततः मुझे पढ़ाई छोड़नी पड़ी। अगले नौ वषोⴂ तक हम (मℂ और कुछमामलⴂमᴂअलगिै।आईपीसीकीधारा4 तकरीिन इसमᴂ पिास फीसदी की िढ़ोतरी हो िुकी थे और िाद के दशकⴂ तक इसकी वजह से हजार वगिमील का वबजित िेि है, लेबकन वहां कुछ एतटन) या मᴂ काम करते रहे। 2007 मᴂ हमने या छोड़ दी और भ्रमण पर बनकल कंꥍयूटरकेमा鵍यमसेहकएगएअपराधⴂको है। वह कहते हℂ बक लोग टीवी देखते हℂ और उसके पयािवरण को भारी नुकसान पंिा था, ऐसे मᴂ वहां लोग रह रहे हℂ। गए। वषि 2009 मᴂ मℂने एक आईफोन खरीदा था और जि मℂने ऐप डाउनलोड बकया, 핍या奍याहयतऔरसंबोहधतकरतीिै,लेहकनआरपीसी तो पाया बक डायरेतट मैसᴂबजंग के बलए कोई अ楍छा ऐप नहĂ है। इसके अलावा उनमᴂ मᴂइसकाकोईउ쥍लेखनिĂिै।आईपीसीकीधारा िाइवेसी भी नहĂ बमलती थी। ति मℂने एक िाइवेट मैसᴂबजंग ऐप िनाने के िारे मᴂ सोिा 153सीएएकेतितसावरजहनकसभा䴂केदौरान इस हफ्ते के शब्ि और उसी साल 핍हा絍सऐप लॉꅍि बकया। 핍हा絍सऐप लॉꅍि होने के शु셁आती दौर मᴂ जान-बूझकरशत्रलानेकोदंडनीयअपराधमाना िोग्राबमंग और एꥍलीकेशन की कई बदतकतᴂ थĂ।मैसᴂजर िार-िारिैश हो जाता था। जातािै,जबहकआरपीसीमᴂइसमि配वपूणरहवषयका मℂ हार मानकर काम छोड़ने वाला था, लेबकन एतटन ने ही मुझे भरोसा बदलाया बक उ쥍लेखनिĂिै।आईपीसीकीधारा195एकेतित अनमतार घोर ऑस्सपस बै्को् मे् धोखाधड्ी 핍हा絍सऐप ज셂र कामयाि होगा। यह जकदी ही दुबनया भर मᴂ लोकबिय हो गया। िाद अगरकोईहकसीकोझूठीगवािीयाबयानदेनेके (AUSPICE ) मᴂ फेसिुक के साथ मℂने 19 अरि डॉलर मᴂ एक सौदा कर इसे िेि बदया। आज मℂ प््ख्यात लेखक अनमतार घोर हलएप्रताहितकरतािै,तोविसजाकािकदारमाना हाल ही मे् डोिाल्ड ट््ंप द््ारा 2.05 लाख करोड् आबथिक 셂प से समृद्ध ं, पर गरीिीके बदनⴂ को नहĂभूल पायां, इसबलए समय- को 54वां ज््ािपीठ पुरस्कार नदया जातािै,जबहकआरपीसीमᴂइससंबंधमᴂकोईहनद饇श नकम जो्ग उि के नलए र्पये की धोखाधड्ी के 50 समय पर दान करता रहता ं। गया। कोलकाता मे् जन्मे घोर िे निĂिै।आईपीसीकीधारा304बी,दिेजकेकारण प््योग नकया गया यह शब्द हजार से ज्यादा मामले नदल्ली नवश््नवद््ालय से उच्् िोनेवालीमौतⴂसेसंबंहधतिै,लेहकनआरपीसीमᴂ चच्ाष मे् रहा है। इसका अथ्ष आरबीआई के अिुसार, नपछले नया आइडिया और 饃ढ़ लगन डिसी भी क्षेत्र मᴂ सफलता िे डलए इसकाकोईउ쥍लेखनिĂिै। नशक््ा ग््हण की है। होता है- शरण मे्। 11 वर््ो् मे् दज्ष नकए गए। ज셂री हℂ। सच्चे दोत भी जीवन िी राह मᴂ मददगार होते हℂ। Ù§ü 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