John Gower, Confessio Amantis (Selection) 1386-92, Preserved in 3 Recensions

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John Gower, Confessio Amantis (Selection) 1386-92, Preserved in 3 Recensions John Gower, Confessio Amantis (selection) 1386-92, preserved in 3 recensions I. from the Prologue If I schal drawe into my mynde If I shall summon to my mind The tyme passed, thanne I fynde Those olden days, then I shall find 95 The world stod thanne in al his welthe. its wealth How all the world was full of wealth: Tho was the lif of man in helthe, then The life of man was passed in health; Tho was plenté, tho was richesse, Riches and plenty nourished then; Tho was the fortune of prouesse, high time of virtue (strength) Then fortune favoured valiant men; Tho was knyhthode in pris be name, valued by report Knighthood was then an honoured name 100 Wherof the wyde worldes fame - Whereof, world-wide, men wrote the fame Write in cronique - is yit withholde. written; chronicles; yet maintained In chronicles that still endure; Justice of lawe tho was holde, justice was then upheld by law Then law and justice were secure, The privilege of regalie royalty The privilege of royalty Was sauf, and al the baronie safe Lipheld, and all the barony 105 Worschiped was in his astat; honored; its estate Respected in their high estate. The citees knewen no debat, The cities were not in debate, The poeple stod in obeissance people The people were subservient Under the reule of governance, Under the rule of government; And pes, which ryhtwisnesse keste, peace; justice kissed And peace, by righteousness caressed, 110 With charité tho stod in reste. then With charity lay down in rest. Of mannes herte the corage Men let their countenance express Was schewed thanne in the visage; shown; face (countenance) Their secret hearts and inwardness; The word was lich to the conceite like; concept; No manner of deceit was wrought, Withoute semblant of deceite. The word was mirror to the thought; 115 Tho was ther unenvied love, then Then love was safe from jealousy; Tho was the vertu sett above Then virtue was prized royally, And vice was put under fote. And vice was trampled underfoot. Now stant the crop under the rote. top; root (i.e., upside down) Now lies the flower below the root; The world is changed overal, The world has altered utterly, 120 And therof most in special particular; And in one way especially: That love is falle into discord. whereby Love has grown all discordant now. And that I take to record And, for your witness, set down how Of every lond, for his partie, from; part In every land beneath the sky, The comune vois which mai noght lie; unanimous voice of the people; one With common voice which cannot lie 125 Noght upon on, bot upon alle (Not one by one but all for all It is that men now clepe and calle, what; make appeal It is that now they cry and call), And sein the regnes ben divided: see kingdoms at odds Men say their kingdoms are divided; In stede of love is hate guided, By hate, not love, are laws decided; The werre wol no pes purchace, war; obtain No peace is now the prize of war; 130 And lawe hath take hire double face, lawyers; put on (donned) their The law is double-faced, therefore So that justice out of the weie All justice now has lost its way With ryhtwisnesse is gon aweie. And righteousness is gone astray. And thus to loke on every halve, all sides And thus on all sides is revealed Men sen the sor withoute salve, see the wound lacking ointment That ulcer which is never healed 135 Which al the world hath overtake. has ruined And which is borne by everyone. Ther is no regne of alle outtake, excepted Kingdom or climate, there is none For every climat hath his diel has its share But has its share of pain to feel After the tornynge of the whiel, according to As this or that way turns the wheel Which blinde Fortune overthroweth. turns over (Which blindfold Fortune still revolves) 140 Wherof the certain no man knoweth. fact (certainty) no one Whose meaning no man surely solves. The hevene wot what is to done, knows God only knows what's to be done; Bot we that duelle under the mone moon (i.e., amidst changeability) But we who dwell beneath the moon 1 Stonde in this world upon a weer, in doubt; Live in a world by conflicts torn; And namely bot the pouer unless; power And chiefly if the power borne 145 Of hem that ben the worldes guides - of those who are By those who are the nations' guides With good consail on alle sides - Have not good counsel from all sides, Be kept upriht in such a wyse, way; To hold it upright so that Hate That hate breke noght th'assise the court Breaks not Love' s orderly estate Of love, whiche is al the chief principal means; (Which is the prime necessity 150 To kepe a regne out of meschief. kingdom To keep a realm from anarchy): For alle resoun wolde this, This is the path all reason treads, That unto him which the heved is who; head; That unto them who are the heads, The membres buxom scholden bowe, obedient The limbs should bow obedience, And he scholde ek her trowthe allowe, also their loyalty accept And heads must praise and recompense 155 With al his herte and make hem chiere, and welcome them with all his heart Their troth, and make them hearty cheer, For good consail is good to hiere. hear; For good advice is good to hear; Althogh a man be wys himselve, And though one man alone be wise, Yit is the wisdom more of tuelve; yet With twelve men wisdom multiplies. And if thei stoden bothe in on, one And if the parties could agree, 160 To hope it were thanne anon Soon there were cause to hope that we That God his grace wolde sende Might feel the grace of God descend To make of thilke werre an ende, that war To bring this conflict to an end, Which everyday now groweth newe. Though day by day it grows anew - And that is gretly for to rewe repent A thing that we should deeply rue, 165 In special for Cristes sake, And mostly for the sake of Christ Which wolde His oghne lif forsake who; own life Whose very life was sacrificed Among the men to geve pes. give peace; To give all people peacefulness. But now men tellen natheles nonetheless But now men tell us, none the less, That love is fro the world departed, from That love has fled away from us, 170 So stant the pes unevene parted peace unequally distributed And peace is ill-divided thus With hem that liven now adaies. Among the men who live today. Bot for to loke, at alle assaies, at any rate Oh, try the question every way: To him that wolde resoun seche seek; He who loves reason, and would seek it After the comun worldes speche (I use the word as all men speak it), 175 It is to wondre of thilke werre, that strife Cannot but marvel at that fight In which non wot who hath the werre. no one knows; worse Whose victor no man knows aright. For every lond himself deceyveth itself For every land is self-deceived And of desese his part receyveth, trouble its share And by its proper dole is grieved, And yet ne take men no kepe. men are indifferent (take no heed) And yet men pay no heed at all. 180 Bot thilke Lord which al may kepe, but that very But He before Whom all should fall, To whom no consail may ben hid, To Whom there is no secret thing Upon the world which is betid, come to pass In earthly minds' imagining: Amende that wherof men pleigne [may he] amend; complain May He cure all the ills and smarts With trewe hertes and with pleine, simple That trouble full and faithful hearts, 185 And reconcile love ageyn, [may he] reconcile And bring Love back to us again; As He which is king sovereign May He, the lord and sovereign Of al the worldes governaunce, Of this our worldly government, And of His hyhe porveaunce lofty overview Now mightily be provident Afferme pes betwen the londes made To seal His peace upon all lands 190 And take her cause into Hise hondes, their And take their cause into His hands, So that the world may stonde appesed reconciled So that the world may be appeased, And His Godhede also be plesed. And His high Godhead too be pleased! 2 II. from Book 1: the introduction I may noght strecche up to the hevene I may not stretch up to the heavens Min hand, ne setten al in evene This hand of mine, nor set at evens This world, which evere is in balance: This world that wavers on the scales: It stant noght in my sufficance stands not; ability Little my slender power avails 5 So grete thinges to compasse, undertake To compass things so great and high; Bot I mot lete it overpasse must; go by So I must let them pass me by, And treten upon othre thinges. discourse on And find new matters to recite. Forthi the stile of my writinges therefore; style Therefore the style of what I write, Fro this day forth I thenke change plan to; From this day forth I mean to change, 10 And speke of thing is noght so strange, something [that] is not; foreign And treat of what is not so strange - Which every kinde hath upon honde, nature has at hand Something that every creature learns, And wherupon the world mot stonde, must And whereupon the whole world turns And hath don sithen it began, since And so has turned since it began, And schal whil ther is any man; And shall while yet there is a man: 15 And that is love, of which I mene And it is Love of which I mean To trete, as after schal be sene.
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