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Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetery (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas

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Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetery (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas Volume 2003 Article 12 2003 Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetery (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas Angela L. Tiné Douglas K. Boyd [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Tiné, Angela L. and Boyd, Douglas K. (2003) "Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetery (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2003, Article 12. https://doi.org/10.21112/ ita.2003.1.12 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2003/iss1/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetery (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas Licensing Statement This is a work produced for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) by the report producer. TxDOT and the report producer jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property developed under TxDOT’s contract with the report producer. The report may be cited and brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to both TxDOT and the report producer. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from either the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Branch, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701 or from the report producer. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2003/iss1/12 ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION AND REBURIAL OF UNMARKED HISTORIC GRAVES IN THE PIONEER CEMETERY (41BO202), BRAZORIA COUNTY, TEXAS by Angela L. Tiné and Douglas K. Boyd Principal Investigator: Douglas K. Boyd REPORTS OF INVESTIGATION, NUMBER 139 Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES PROGRAM, REPORT NO. 59 Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division Austin, Texas November 2003 TEXAS ANTIQUITIES PERMIT NO. 3080 ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION AND REBURIAL OF UNMARKED HISTORIC GRAVES IN THE PIONEER CEMETERY (41BO202), BRAZORIA COUNTY, TEXAS Copyright © 2003 Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) TxDOT and Prewitt and Associates, Inc., jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all data and other information developed for this project under Contract No. 573XXSA001. Brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to TxDOT and Prewitt and Associates. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Program, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701. Copies of this publication have been deposited with the Texas State Library in compliance with the State Depository Requirement. jointly published by the Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division Archeological Studies Program Owen Lindauer, Ph.D., Supervisor Archeological Studies Program, Report No. 59 and Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas Reports of Investigations No. 139 Contract #573XXSA001 Printed at Morgan Printing in Austin, Texas ii TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Location and Environmental Setting ................................................................................ 1 Historical Setting ................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2: HISTORIC BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 3: METHODS OF INVESTIGATION .......................................................................... 13 Re-location of Unmarked Graves ....................................................................................... 13 Burial Excavations ............................................................................................................. 15 Bioarcheological Examinations .......................................................................................... 17 Skeletal Analysis.................................................................................................... 17 Artifact Analysis .................................................................................................... 18 Public Involvement and Reburial ...................................................................................... 18 Curation of Materials ......................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4: BURIAL DESCRIPTIONS ....................................................................................... 21 Terminology......................................................................................................................... 21 Burial Descriptions .............................................................................................................21 Burial 1 ................................................................................................................... 21 Burial 2 ................................................................................................................... 22 Burial 3 ................................................................................................................... 23 Burial 4 ................................................................................................................... 24 Burials 5 and 6 ....................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 5: ARCHEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 27 General Mortuary Trends of the Late Nineteenth Century ............................................. 27 Burial Containers .................................................................................................. 27 Lid Closures ........................................................................................................... 28 Nails........................................................................................................................ 29 Analysis of Mortuary Hardware and Personal Effects ..................................................... 29 Interment Dates ..................................................................................................... 30 Socioeconomic Context .......................................................................................... 32 Burial Inclusions .................................................................................................... 36 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 6: BIOARCHEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 39 Reference Skeletal Samples ............................................................................................... 39 Demography ........................................................................................................................ 40 Biological Affinity and Ethnicity........................................................................... 40 Age and Sex ............................................................................................................ 41 iii Paleopathology .................................................................................................................... 45 Enamel Defects ...................................................................................................... 45 Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia ........................................................... 47 Infection.................................................................................................................. 48 Trauma ................................................................................................................... 49 Degenerative Conditions and Biomechanical Stress ..........................................
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