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DOCUMENT 'qESUME ED 230 347 RC 014 073 AUTHOR Benally, Clyde; And Others TITLE A Utah Navajo History = Dineji Nakee' Naahane' INSTITUTION San Juan School District, Monticello, UT: SPONS AGENCY Utah State Board ui Education, Salt Lake City.; Weber State Coll., Oglen, Utah. PUB DATE 82 ,NOTE 193p. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Portage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *American Inuian Culture; American Indian Education; .. *American Indian History; Americaa Indian Literature; American Indian Rc-servations; American Indians; *Cultural Exchangc; Folk Culture;, Illustrations; *Land Settlement; Leaders; Life Style; Maps; *Racial Relations; *Social History;ATreaties; Tribes IDENTIFIERS Apache (Tribe); *Mahajo (Nation); New Mexico; Pueblo \ (People); Songs; Spaniards; Utah ABSTIIACT This book presents Navajo history in two aspectstraditional stories that describe the ancestors of the Navajo and explain how the`'Earth-Surface World was chMlged from monster-filled chaos into the well-ordered world of today, and histor:Ical events fiom 15254o.today after the Navajos had settled in the Southwest. Events described incluSe settlement.in the Four Corners region, first encounter and war With the Spaniards, the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, 4 years of peace among tribes and the Spaniards, cultural exchange with the Pueblo and Spaniards, effects of the Mexican Revblution, and slave trade. Events occurring with western settlement were intrusioa of the United States.Army into New Mexico; confusion and conflict with the new: novernment and Indian effairs of New Mexico; death of Narbona, a Navajo leader of peace; signing of the Washington treaty; leadership under Manuelito, a Navajo leader; Kit Carson's campaign to imprison,Navajos and Apaches; the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, which served as a reservation; life at Ft. Sumner; the Long Walk back to Navajoland; rebirth of Navajo country; expansion of-the Navaio reservation; and the coming of traders. Recent events involving Navajos include livestock reduction, the New Deal Plan, formation of tribal government, and education of Navajo children. The Treaty of 1868 with the United States is appended. (ERB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document., *********************'*****,.********************************************* AA4/ / ?- 0 DINEji NAKEE' ,NAAHANE' A UTAH NAVAJO HISTORY by Clyde Benally with Andrew b..Wiget, John R. Alley, ' and Garry Blake U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION "PERMIUSION TO REPRODUCE THIS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION MATERIAL, IN MICROFICHE ON.v EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI HAS BEEN GRANTED'BY (1 TM document has been reproduced as received from O. person or organization &it Aq.11,4-ctep.., ongtnating ot. pr Minor changes have been made to improve rProduction quahty, Points of view or opinions stated in this docti TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES mint do not :womanly represnt official NIE INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." position or pohoY A Project of the San Juan School District Monticello,. Utah th: k.1 0 , . c Copyright 1982 San Juan School District o Monticello, Utah All Rights Reserved. , Printed by University of Utah Printing Service Salt Lake City, Utah U.&A. Cover: This design is adapted from a sandpainting of Blue Corn People with Pollen Boy and Cornbug Guardians by Miguelito. It appears in Franc J. New- comb and Gladys A. Reichard, Sandpaintings of the Navajo Shooting Chant (New York: J. J. Augustin, 1937), figure 10, p. 66, and is reprinted by pe'rmission of the publisher. CONTErTS Navajo Songs hi the Text iv \ Maps Illustrations °Acknowledgments vi I. Hajimel: Into the Glittering World 1 II. Anai,Dzillei, HOzhOnee'ji: On the Trail of Beauty 19 III.Haashch'eeh Dine'e Bit: With the Holy People 31 IV.Asdz4 Niidleehi Bidine'e: Changing Woznan's People474. V. Keyah Sini: The'Search for Dinetah 59 VI.Naakaii,lbahl Ninii 44' : The Coming of the Spaniards69 VII. Nahonzhood44': The Fearing 85 VIII.'Bilagiana The Comin'g of the Whitemen 101 IX.Hweeldi dOO Aba'deet'4: The Long Walk and Peace125 Dine Bikeyah: Navajo Country Reborn 139' Xl.Dine doo Wiishindoon: The Navajo as a Nation 159 XII.1CádIdiIn K'eh AtiingOO: Along the Pollen Path 175 Appendix: Treaty of 1868 177 Sources for a Utah Navajo FEstory 181 4 NAVAJO SONGS INTHiTEXT 1 "You say there werc no people ..." from "6. There Are No People Solig" in Hasteen Klah,, Navtijo Creation Myth. The Story of the Emergewe recorded by Mary C. Wheelwright (Santa Fe. Museum of Navajo Ceremonial Art, copyright 1942), pp.135-36. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. 2 "The first man holds itin his hands ..." from "1 Song of the Sun and Moon:" in Hasteen Klah, Navajo Creatwn Myth. The Story of the Emergewe, recorded by Mary C. Wheelwright (Santa Fe. Museum of Naajo Ceremonial Art, copyright 1942), p. 133. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. 3 "All kinds of horses lead up to her and go beyond.. ," from "Racing Song # I," told by.Blue Moon, in Charlotte Johnspn Frisbie. Kinaaldri. A Study of the Navajo Gras Puberty Ceremony (Micktletown, Corn. .copYright (()) Wesleyan t:nnersity., 1967). pp. 267-68. Reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press. 1 "Darkness is coming along .." from "Pray er of the Frrelve Person Group," told by Sbtn Curly, in Leland C. Wy man, Blessingway ITucson. University of Arizona Press, copyright 1970), p. 167. Reprinted by permission oi the publisher. 5 "At the back of my house. ." from "Talking God Sobg #25." told by Frank Mitchell, in Charlotte Johnson Frisbie, Kinnaldti. A Study if the Navajo Gars Puberty Ceremony (Middletown, Conn ,copyright ((3) Wesleyan Uni%ersity1967), pp. 188. Reprinted, by pertmssion'of Wesleyan University Press. 6 "Now with Monster Slayer I Conte. ." adapted from Washington Matthews. "The Navajo Origin Legend," in Navajo Legemb (Boston and Nen York. Houghton, Mifflin and Co. for the American Folklore Society, 1897), pp. 1.32. 265. 7"Place-w hence-they-cone looms up ..." from "Free Translation. First Song pf the First Dancers" in Washington Matthews. The Mountain Chant. .1 Navujo Ceremony. Bureau of Amer,- can Ethnology 5th annual report (iYashitigmn. Gor eminent Printing Office. 1887) p. 457, no. 200. 8 'Young man thg day 1 gave you ..." from LThe My tl,hpf Beautyway Female Branch," told by Wilito Wilson, recorded by Maud Oakes, in Leland C. Wyman. ed., Reautyway. A Navajo Ceremonial. Bollingen Series L111. Copy right (0) 1957 by Princeton University Press.Selection, pp. 141-42, reprinted by permission of Priketon University Press. 9 "Tsegihi. House male of the dawn ..." from "A Prayer of dte Fourth Day of the Night Chant," in Washington Mat thews. Navajo Myths. Prayers, and Song\ with 1 exts and Translations, ed. Pliny Early GmIdard, Unirersity of California Publications in Americtin Archaeology and. .Ethnology 5. no. 2 (Berkeley': University of California Press, 1907), p. 54. 10, "My grandchild. rr hem! wonder, Ls he gone ..." from "Upward-i et urn-pray er," in Leland C. Wy nail, The 41'indu ap of the Navajo (Colorado Springs. lay lor Museum, copyright 1962), 173-74. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. 11. "This way , a rt iss the med snake .. "U psid-ret urn-pray er." in Leland C. Wy man, The I1indie9r of the Nat op (Colorado Springs. 1 ay lot Museum, copyright 1962). p. 175. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. 12 "Non at last you har eleturned ..." from "U pr. am d-return-prayer" LelandiC Wyman, The Windways of the Navoi.o (Colorado Sp ings. Tay lot Museum. copyright 1962), pp. 178.79. Reprinted by permissmir of the publisher. 13 "Getting up, getting up is to be ..." Reptinted from "52.'Calm erning the Restoration of Buffalo Woman (Al" in Origin Legend of the Navajo Amway. Text and TraTlatum, text and translation by Fr Berard Haile, Unirersity of Chicago Publications in Anthropology, Linguis- tic Series. p, 197, by permission of the University of Chicago Press. Copyright 1943 by the University of Chicago. 11 "The wrn grows up ," from Mshington Matt hens, "Songs of Sequence of the Navajo!," Journal if American Faklore 7. no. 26 (1894): 191. 15 "Since the ancient days ." from Washington Matthews. "Song of Sequence of the Navajos," Journal of American Folklore 7. no. 26 (1894): 192. 16. "ar ne ya .at dan n 1 go about ..." from version I, told by Slitn Curly, in Leland C. Wyman, Blessingiray (Tucson Um% erspy of Arizona Press, copyright 1970), p. 325. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. 17. "Thus happily you accomplish your tasks .,.." from Washington Matlhews, The Night Chant: A Navajo Ceremony, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natur4 History, vol. 6 (May 1902): 14-45, MAP'S Navajo Sacred Places, 34 A'Theory of Southern Athabascan Migration 58 Northern New,Mexic6 Before 1846 ,68 Wars with the United States 100 Northern Navajoland 154 The Changing Navajo Reservation 160 ILLUSTRATION'S Nzevajo Symbolic Associations viii Mother Earth 1 gear and Snake 19 Eagle and Endless Snake `:31 Two Corn People 47 Two Buffalo 59. Two\Deer 69 Flint Armored Yen 85 Flint Ye Tii 101 Monster Slayer Visiting Father Sun 125 Pollen Boy in the Home of the Sun 139 Navajo Tribal.Symbol 159 Father Sky 175 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals aml institutions contributed to this project. Funding for research and dev el: opment was provided by the General Assistance Center at Weber State College, Ogden, Utah, and by the Utah State Board of Education. The Utah Navajo Dev elopment Council and the San Juan School District-also gave support. Without the assistance of many Navajos. this would have been an impossible undertaking. Those w ho shared their time, expertiseind advice include Kitty Atene, Hugh Benally, Mary Jelly, Eddie Nakai. James Nakai. Lillian Nakm, Oshley Navajo, the board of the Utah Navajo Development 4) Council, and the staff of theNavajo Tribal Museum at Window, Rock.
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    IDENTIFICACION Y RECONSTRUCCION DE LA RED DE APOYO A JOSE URREA EN SONORA DURANTE SU CONFLICTO ARMADO CON MANUEL MARIA GANDARA 1837-1845 Tesis que para obtener el grado de Maestro en Ciencias Sociales Línea de investigación: Estudios Históricos de Región y Frontera Presenta Ivan Aarón Torres Chon Directora de Tesis: Dra. Zulema Trejo Contreras Hermosillo, Sonora Febrero del 2011 INTRODUCCION I Planteamiento del problema III CAPITULO I. El SISTEMA DE GOBIERNO FEDERAL. I.1. Balance historiográfico sobre la pugna entre gobierno federalista y centralista. 1 I.2. El pronunciamiento por el federalismo-centralismo en la frontera norte. 5 I.3. José Urrea en la historiografía sonorense. 7 CAPITULO II. ANALISIS DE RED SOCIAL II.1. Análisis de redes en sociología, antropología e historia. 14 II.2 Marco Teórico referencial. 26 CAPITULO III. SONORA EN LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX. III.1.Descripción geográfica de Sonora en las décadas de 1830 y 1840. 34 III.2 Principales poblaciones sonorenses. 37 III.2.1 Población general de Sonora. 42 III.2.1.1 Arizpe. 43 III.2.1.2 Horcasitas y Ures. 44 III.2.1.3 Hermosillo. 45 III.2.1.4 Álamos. 46 III.3 Tribus y asentamientos indígenas. 46 III.3.1 Incursiones Apache y sublevaciones indígenas en Sonora. 52 III.4 El intercambio comercial en Sonora en la década de 1830. 54 III.4.1 Agricultura. 55 III.4.2 Ganadería. 56 III.4.3 Minería. 57 III.5 Sistema de gobierno Nacional. 59 III.5.1 Grupos representativos de la política regional. 62 III.5.2 Participación de los militares en la administración estatal.
  • Navajo Mysteries and Culture

    Navajo Mysteries and Culture

    NAVAJO MYSTERIES AND CULTURE THE FOUR CORNERS WITH TONY HILLERMAN [email protected] Abstract Read the Jim Chee/Joe Leaphorn mystery novels of Tony Hillerman, augmented by the recent additions by his daughter Anne, and study the Indian myths and cultural concepts they embody. The land is sacred to the Navajo, as reflected in their religion, arts, and weaving. While enjoying Mr. Hillerman’s descriptions of southwestern landscapes and its people, review Navajo mythology with its beautiful descriptions of the cycle of life, the formation of the world, and the special reverence for land. Consider the relation of the Navajo to the Hopi and Pueblo peoples of the Anasazi migration. The course will provide an appreciation of Navajo concepts including “hozho,” going in beauty and harmony with nature, and its reversal of witchcraft (“skinwalkers”). It will delve into the basis of tribal sovereignty and existing treaties to better understand the politics of cultural preservation. The course will also consider current Navajo issues, including the control and exploitation of mineral and energy resources and their impact on the Navajo Nation. Mr. Hillerman generally weaves current issues of importance to Indian Country into his work. This is a two-semester course in which the student should expect to read about 7 first class mystery novels each semester. Course Operation While reading and enjoying the Tony Hillerman mysteries, we will discuss the examples of Navajo religion, spirituality and culture portrayed in the stories. As the opportunity arises, we’ll consider the treaties, U.S. policies, social experiments, and laws that have shaped our relations with the Navajo Nation (as well as those with all 562 federally recognized U.S.