Merged Round 7 Codebook (34 Countries) (2020)

Home , Change Party, Popular Front (Senegal), United Party (Gambia)

Data Codebook

for a

Round 7 Afrobarometer Survey

Prepared by: Kangwook Han Michigan State University December 2020

University of Cape Town (UCT) Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Centre for Social Science Research 14 W. Airport Residential Area Department of Political Science Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa P.O. Box 404, Legon-Accra, Ghana East Lansing, Michigan 48824 27 21 650 3827•fax: 27 21 650 4657 233 21 776 142•fax: 233 21 763 028 517 353 3377•fax: 517 432 1091 Mattes ([email protected]) Gyimah-Boadi ([email protected]) Bratton ([email protected])

Question Number: RESPNO Question: Respondent number Variable Label: Respondent number Values: BEN0001-BEN1200,BFO0001-BFO1200,BOT0001-BOT1198,CAM0001- CAM1204,CDI0001- CDI1200,CVE0001-CVE1200 ,GAB0001-GAB1199, GAM0001-GAM1200, GHA0001- GHA2400,GHA2500,GUI0001-GUI1194,KEN0001-KEN1599,LES0001-LES1200,LIB0001-LIB1200,MAD0001- MAD1200,MAU0001-MAU1200,MLI0001-MLI1200,MLW0001-MLW1200,MOR0001-MOR1200,MOZ0001- MOZ2392,NAM0001-NAM1200,NGR0001-NGR1200,NIG0001-NIG1600,SAF0001-SAF1840,SEN0001- SEN1200,SRL0001-SRL1200,STP0001-STP1200,SUD0001-SUD1200,SWZ0001-SWZ1200,TAN0001-TAN2400,TOG0001- TOG1200,TUN0001-TUN1199,UGA0001-UGA1200,ZAM0001-ZAM1200,ZIM0001-ZIM1200 Value Labels: String variable Note: Assigned by data managers

Question Number: COUNTRY Question: Country Variable Label: Country Values: 1-34 Value Labels: 1=Benin, 2=Botswana, 3=Burkina Faso, 4=Cabo Verde, 5=Cameroon, 6=Côte d'Ivoire, 7=eSwatini, 8=Gabon, 9=Gambia, 10=Ghana, 11=Guinea, 12=Kenya, 13=Lesotho, 14=Liberia, 15=Madagascar, 16=Malawi, 17=Mali, 18=Mauritius, 19=Morocco, 20=Mozambique, 21=Namibia, 22=Niger, 23=Nigeria, 24=São Tomé and Príncipe, 25=Senegal, 26=Sierra Leone, 27=South Africa, 28=Sudan, 29=Tanzania, 30=Togo, 31=Tunisia, 32=Uganda, 33=Zambia, 34=Zimbabwe Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: COUNTRY_Old.order Question: Country Variable Label: Country in R7 Old Alphabetical Order Values: 1-34 Value Labels: 1=Benin, 2=Botswana, 3=Burkina Faso, 4 =Cameroon, 5=Cabo Verde, 6=Côte d'Ivoire, 7=Gabon, 8=Gambia, 9=Ghana, 10=Guinea, 11=Kenya, 12=Lesotho, 13=Liberia, 14=Madagascar, 15=Malawi, 16=Mali, 17=Mauritius, 18=Morocco, 19=Mozambique, 20=Namibia, 21=Niger, 22=Nigeria, 23=São Tomé and Príncipe, 24=Senegal, 25=Sierra Leone, 26=South Africa, 27=Sudan, 28=eSwatini, 29=Tanzania, 30=Togo, 31=Tunisia, 32=Uganda, 33=Zambia, 34=Zimbabwe Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: COUNTRY_R5List Question: Country Variable Label: Country in R5 Alphabetical Order Values: 2-4, 6-8, 11-38 Value Labels: 2=Benin, 3=Botswana, 4=Burkina Faso, 6=Cameroon, 7=Cabo Verde, 8=Côte d'Ivoire, 11=Ghana, 12=Guinea, 13=Kenya, 14=Lesotho, 15=Liberia, 16=Madagascar, 17=Malawi, 18=Mali, 19=Mauritius, 20=Morocco, 21=Mozambique, 22=Namibia, 23=Niger, 24=Nigeria, 25=Senegal, 26=Sierra Leone, 27=South Africa, 28=Sudan, 29=Swaziland, 30=Tanzania, 31=Togo, 32=Tunisia, 33=Uganda, 34=Zambia, 35=Zimbabwe, 36=Gabon, 37=Gambia, 38=São Tomé and Príncipe Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: COUNTRY_R6List Question: Country Variable Label: Country in R6 Alphabetical Order Values: 2-4, 6-8, 10-37 Value Labels: 2=Benin, 3=Botswana, 4=Burkina Faso, 6=Cameroon, 7=Cabo Verde, 8=Cote d'Ivoire, 10=Gabon, 11=Ghana, 12=Guinea, 13=Kenya, 14=Lesotho, 15=Liberia, 16=Madagascar, 17=Malawi, 18=Mali, 19=Mauritius, 20=Morocco, 21=Mozambique, 22=Namibia, 23=Niger, 24=Nigeria, 25=São Tomé and Príncipe, 26=Senegal, 27=Sierra Leone, 28=South Africa, 29=Sudan, 30=Swaziland, 31=Tanzania, 32=Togo, 33=Tunisia, 34=Uganda, 35=Zambia, 36=Zimbabwe, 37=Gambia Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: COUNTRY.BY.REGION

Question: Country Variable Label: Country by Region Values: 1-5 Value Labels: 1=West Africa, 2=East Africa, 3=Southern Africa, 4=North Africa, 5=Central Africa Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: URBRUR Question: PSU/EA Variable Label: Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Values: 1-3, 460 Value Labels: 1=Urban, 2=Rural, 3=Semi-Urban, 460=Peri-Urban Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: REGION Question: Region/Province Variable Label: Province or region Values: 100-111, 140-163, 180-192, 220-224, 260-269, 300-307, 340-349, 380-394, 420-441, 460-462, 501-509, 540-550, 580-593, 620-673, 700-708, 740-769, 780-784, 820-829, 860-869, 900-909, 930-933, 1100-1107, 1140- 1145, 1220-1231, 1260-1292, 1300-1307, 1501-1512, 1540-1545, 1580-1586, 1620-1623, 1660-1661, 1700-1708, 1741-1747 Value Labels: 100=Alibori, 101=Atacora, 102=Atlantique, 103=Borgou, 104=Collines, 105=Couffo, 106=Donga, 107=Littoral, 108=Mono, 109=Oueme, 110=Plateau, 111=Zou, 140=Barolong, 141=Central Bobonong, 142=Central Boteti/Orapa, 143=Central Mahalapye, 144=Central Serowe, 145=Central Tutume/Sowa Town, 146=Chobe, 147=Francistown, 148=Gaborone, 149=Ghanzi, 150=Jwaneng, 151=Kgalagadi North, 152=Kgalagadi South, 153=Kgatleng, 154=Kweneng East, 155=Kweneng West, 156=Lobatse, 157=Ngamiland East, 158=Ngamiland West, 159=Ngwaketse, 160=Ngwaketse West, 161=North East, 162=Selibe Phikwe, 163=South East, 180=Boucle Du Mouhoun, 181=Cascades, 182=Centre, 183=Centre Est, 184=Centre Nord, 185=Centre Ouest, 186=Centre Sud, 187=Est, 188=Hauts Bassins, 189=Nord, 190=Plateau Central, 191=Sahel, 192=Sud Ouest, 220=Santo Antão, 221=São Vicente, 222=Santiago – Interior, 223=Santiago – Praia, 224=Fogo, 260=Western, 261=Central, 262=Greater Accra, 263=Volta, 264=Eastern, 265=Ashanti, 266=Brong Ahafo, 267=Northern, 268=Upper East, 269=Upper West, 300=Nairobi, 301=Central, 302=Eastern, 303=Rift Valley, 304=Nyanza, 305=Western, 306=North Eastern, 307=Coast, 340=Maseru, 341=Mafeteng, 342=Mohale's Hoek, 343=Quthing, 344=Qacha's Nek, 345=Mokhotlong, 346=Botha-Bothe, 347=Leribe, 348=Berea, 349=Thaba-Tseka, 380=Bomi, 381=Bong, 382=Gbarpolu, 383=Grand Bassa, 384=Grand Cape Mount, 385=Grand Gedeh, 386=Grand Kru, 387=Lofa, 388=Margibi, 389=Maryland, 390=Montserrado, 391=Nimba, 392=River Cess, 393=River Gee, 394=Sinoe, 420=Alaotra Mangoro, 421=Amoron'i Mania, 422=Analamanga, 423=Analanjirofo, 424=Androy, 425=Anosy, 426=Atsimo Andrefana, 427=Atsimo Atsinanana, 428=Atsinanana, 429=Betsiboka, 430=Boeny, 431=Bongolava, 432=Diana, 433=Haute Matsiatra, 434=Ihorombe, 435=Itasy, 436=Melaky, 437=Menabe, 438=Sava, 439=Sofia, 440=Vakinankaratra, 441=Vatovavy Fitovinany, 460=Northern Region, 461=Central Region, 462=Southern Region, 501=Kayes, 502=Koulikoro, 503=Sikasso, 504=Segou, 505=Mopti, 506=Tombouctou, 507=Gao, 508=Kidal, 509=Bamako, 540=Maputo Province, 541=Maputo City, 542=Gaza, 543=Inhambane, 544=Sofala, 545=Tete, 546=Manica, 547=Zambézia, 548=Nampula, 549=Cabo Delgado, 550=Niassa, 580=Zambezi, 581=Erongo, 582=Hardap, 583=Karas, 584=Kavango West, 585=Kavango East, 586=Khomas, 587=Kunene, 588=Ohangwena, 589=Omaheke, 590=Omusati, 591=Oshana, 592=Oshikoto, 593=Otjozondjupa, 620=Abia, 621=Adamawa, 622=Akwa Ibom, 623=Anambra, 624=Bauchi, 625=Bayelsa, 626=Benue, 627=Borno, 628=Cross River, 629=Delta, 630=Ebonyi, 631=Edo, 632=Ekiti, 633=Enugu, 634=Fct Abuja, 635=Gombe, 636=Imo, 637=Jigawa, 638=Kaduna, 639=Kano, 640=Katsina, 641=Kebbi, 642=Kogi, 643=Kwara, 644=Lagos, 645=Nasarawa, 646=Niger, 647=Ogun, 648=Ondo, 649=Osun, 650=Oyo, 651=Plateau, 652=Rivers, 653=Sokoto, 654=Taraba, 655=Yobe, 656=Zamfara, 660=Dakar, 661=Diourbel, 662=Fatick, 663=Kaffrine, 664=Kaolack, 665=Kédougou, 666=Kolda, 667=Louga, 668=Matam, 669=Saint- Louis, 670=Sédhiou, 671=Tambacounda, 672=Thies, 673=Ziguinchor, 700=Eastern Cape, 701=Free State, 702=Gauteng, 703=Kwazulu-Natal, 704=Limpopo, 705=Mpumalanga, 706=North West, 707=Northern Cape, 708=Western Cape, 740=Dodoma, 741=Arusha, 742=Kilimanjaro, 743=Tanga, 744=Morogoro, 745=Pwani, 746=Dar Es Salaam, 747=Lindi, 748=Mtwara, 749=Ruvuma, 750=Iringa, 751=Mbeya, 752=Singida, 753=Tabora, 754=Rukwa, 755=Kigoma, 756=Shinyanga, 757=Kagera, 758=Mwanza, 759=Mara, 760=Manyara, 761=Kaskazini Unguja, 762=Kusini Unguja, 763=Mjini Magharibi, 764=Kaskazini Pemba, 765=Kusini Pemba, 766=Geita, 767=Katavi, 768=Njombe, 769=Simiyu, 780=Acholi, 781=Lango,

782=Karamoja, 783=Eastern, 784=Busoga, 820=Lusaka, 821=Central, 822=Copperbelt, 823=Eastern, 824=Luapula, 825=Northern, 826=North Western, 827=Southern, 828=Western, 829=Muchinga, 860=Harare, 861=Bulawayo, 862=Midlands, 863=Masvingo, 864=Mashonaland East, 865=Mashonaland West, 866=Mashonaland Central, 867=Matabeleland South, 868=Matabeleland North, 869=Manicaland, 900=Port Louis, 901=Pamplemousses, 902=Riv Du Rempart, 903=Flacq, 904=Grand Port, 905=Savanne, 906=Plaine Wilhems, 907=Moka, 908=Black River, 909=Rodrigues, 930=Eastern Province, 931=Northern Province, 932=Southern Province, 933=Western Area, 1100=Agadez, 1101=Diffa, 1102=Dosso, 1103=Maradi, 1104=Tahoua, 1105=Tillaberi, 1106=Zinder, 1107=Niamey, 1140=Lome, 1141=Maritime, 1142=Plateaux, 1143=Centrale, 1144=Kara, 1145=Savanes, 1220=Mfoundi, 1221=Wouri, 1222=Adamaoua, 1223=Centre, 1224=Est, 1225=Extreme-Nord, 1226=Littoral, 1227=Nord, 1228=Nord Ouest, 1229=Ouest, 1230=Sud, 1231=Sud Ouest, 1260=Autonome D'abidjan, 1261=Agneby-Tiassa, 1262=Bafing, 1263=Bagoue, 1264=Belier, 1265=Bere, 1266=Bounkani, 1267=Cavally, 1268=Folon, 1269=Gbeke, 1270=Gbôkle, 1271=Gôh, 1272=Gontougo, 1273=Grands-Ponts, 1274=Guemon, 1275=Hambol, 1276=Haut-Sassandra, 1277=Iffou, 1278=Indenie-Djuablin, 1279=Kabadougou, 1280=La Me, 1281=Lôh-Djiboua, 1282=Marahoue, 1283=Moronou, 1284=Nawa, 1285=N'zi, 1286=Poro, 1287=San-Pedro, 1288=Sud-Comoe, 1289=Tchologo, 1290=Tonkpi, 1291=Worodougou, 1292=Autonome Yamoussoukro, 1300=Conakry, 1301=Boké, 1302=Kindia, 1303=Mamou, 1304=Labé, 1305=Faranah, 1306=Kankan, 1307=N'zérékoré, 1501=BeniMellal-Khenifra, 1502=Deraa-Tafilalt, 1503=Dakhla-Ouad Eddahab, 1504=Fes-Meknes, 1505=Grand Casablanca-Settat, 1506=Guelmim-Ouadnoun, 1507=Laayoune-Sakiat Alhamra, 1508=Marrakech-Safi, 1509=Oriental, 1510=Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, 1511=Souss-Massa, 1512=Tangier-Tetouan-Hoceima, 1540=Middle East, 1541=North, 1542=Darfur, 1543=East, 1544=Khartoum, 1545=Kordofan, 1580=Great Tunis, 1581=North East, 1582=North West, 1583=Center East, 1584=Center West, 1585=South East, 1586=South West, 1620=Hhohho, 1621=Lubombo, 1622=Manzini, 1623=Shiselweni, 1660=São Tomé, 1661=Príncipe, 1700=Estuaire, 1701=Haut- Ogooué, 1702=Moyen-Ogooué, 1703=Ngounié, 1704=Nyanga, 1705=Ogooué-Ivindo, 1706=Ogooué_Lolo, 1707=Ogooué-Maritime, 1708=Woleu-Ntem, 1740=Banjul, 1741=Upper River, 1742=Central River - North, 1743=Central River - South, 1744=Lower River, 1745=North Bank, 1746=West Coast, 1747=Kanifing Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: EA_SVC_A Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Electricity grid that most houses could access? Variable Label: EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SVC_B Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Piped water system that most houses could access? Variable Label: EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SVC_C Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Sewage system that most houses could access? Variable Label: EA-SVC-B. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SVC_D Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Cell phone service?

Variable Label: EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_A Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Post-office? Variable Label: EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_B Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: School? Variable Label: EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_C Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Police station? Variable Label: EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_D Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Health clinic? Variable Label: EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_E Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Market stalls (selling groceries and/or clothing)? Variable Label: EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_F Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Bank? Variable Label: BEA-FAC-F. Bank in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1 Missing Source: SAB

Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_FAC_G Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Is there any kind of paid transport, such as a bus, taxi, moped, or other form, available on a daily basis? Variable Label: EA-FAC-E. Paid transport in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SEC_A Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? Variable Label: EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SEC_B Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? Variable Label: EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SEC_C Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any roadblocks set up by police or army? Variable Label: EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SEC_D Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any customs checkpoints? Variable Label: EA_SEC_D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_SEC_E Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any roadblocks or booms set up by the private security providers or by the local community? Variable Label: EA_SEC_E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, -1 Missing Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_ROAD_A Question: Thinking of your journey here: Was the road at the start point in the PSU/EA: Variable Label: EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point Values: 1-6, -1 Value Labels: 1=Earth, 2=Gravel, 3=Stone, 4=Muram, 5=Paved/ Tarred, 6=Concrete, -1=Missing

Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_ROAD_B Question: Thinking of your journey here: What was the most common surface of the road over the last 5 kilometers before arriving at the start point of the PSU/EA? Variable Label: EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km Values: 1-6, -1 Value Labels: 1=Earth, 2=Gravel, 3=Stone, 4=Muram, 5=Paved/ Tarred, 6=Concrete, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: EA_ROAD_C Question: Thinking of your journey here: What was the condition of the road in the last 5 km before reaching the start point of the PSU/EA? Was the road in excellent or good condition and easy to traverse, or was it in poor or very poor condition, that is, difficult to traverse due to potholes, waterlogging or other issues, or was it impassable at any point (e.g., due to a collapsed bridge, fallen tree, flooding, etc.)? Variable Label: EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km Values: 1-6, -1 Value Labels: 1=Impassible, 2=Very Poor, 3=Poor, 4=Fair, 5=Good, 6=Very Good, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Question Number: NOCALL_1 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 1 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) Note: Answered by interviewer, after instructions, “It is your job is to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same spot. Start your walk pattern from the start point that has been randomly chosen by your Field Supervisor. Team members must walk in opposite directions to each other. If A walks towards the sun, B must walk away from the sun; C and D must walk at right angles to A and B. Use a 5 / 10 interval pattern to select a household. That is, walking in your designated direction away from the start point, select the 5th household for the first interview, counting houses on both the right and the left (and starting with those on the right if they are opposite each other). Once you leave your first interview, continue on in the same direction, this time selecting the 10th household, again counting houses on both the right and the left. If the settlement comes to an end and there are no more houses, turn at right angles to the right and keep walking, continuing to count until finding the tenth dwelling.”

Question Number: NOCALL_1OTHER Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 1 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 (Verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: NOCALL_2 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 2 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Values: 1-8, 9997

Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_2OTHER Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 2 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: NOCALL_3 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 3 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_3OTHER Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 3 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 (Verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: NOCALL_4 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 4 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_4OTHER Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 4 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 (Verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: NOCALL_5 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 5 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_6 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 6 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_7 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 7 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: NOCALL_7OTHER Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 7 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 (Verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: NOCALL_8 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 8 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Values: 1-8, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 9997=Not applicable/Interview was successful Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: THISINT Question: This interview must be with a: Variable Label: This interview, gender Values: 1, 2, -1 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female, -1=Missing Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: ADULT_CT Question: Total number of adult citizens in household Variable Label: Number of adults in household Values: 1-20, 23, -1 Value Labels: -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer was given the following instructions: “Please record the total number of adult women/men (select correct gender, from above table) who are citizens of [ENTER COUNTRY] in the household, i.e., how many names did you write in either the left or the right column above. Enter a two-digit number.”

Question Number: CALLS

Question: How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? Variable Label: Number of calls Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=One call, 2=Two calls Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: DATEINTR Question: Date of interview Variable Label: Date of interview Values: 13.09.16 – 26.09.18 Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered in day, month, and year format

Question Number: STRTIME Question: Time interview started Variable Label: Time interview started Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered hour and minute, 24-hour clock

Question Number: Q1 Question: How old are you? Variable Label: Q1. Age Values: 18- 99, 103, 106, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 998=Refused, 999=Don’t Know , -1=Missing

Question Number: Q2A Question: Which [ENTER NATIONALITY] language is your mother tongue or language of origin? Variable Label: Q2a. Respondent's mother tongue Values: 1-4, 100-110, 140-150, 152, 180-200, 220-221, 260-273, 300-312, 340-342, 380-396, 420-422, 460-471, 500-518, 540-560, 580-590, 620-668, 700-709, 740-801, 820-849, 851, 860-871, 900-901, 931-944, 1100-1107, 1140-1160, 1220-1257, 1259-1283, 1300-1306, 1500-1504, 1540-1543, 1580-1582, 1620-1662, 1700-1716, 1740- 1747, 2200-2221, 2223-2224, 2226-2228, 2231, 2740-2744, 9995, 9998, 9999, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 2=French, 3=Portuguese, 4=Kiswahili, 100=Adjagbé, 101=Baatonum, 102=Dendi, 103=Ditammari, 104=Fongbé, 105=Fulfuldé, 106=Yoruba, 107=Lopka, 108=Waama, 109=Yom, 110=Gourmantché, 140=Setswana, 141=Sesarwa, 142=Sekgalagadi, 143=Sesubia, 144=Ikalanga/Sekalaka, 145=Seherero, 146=Sembukushu, 147=Sebirwa, 148=Sengologa, 149=Seyeyi, 150=Afrikaans/Seburu, 152=Setswapong, 180=Mooré, 181=Dioula, 182=Fulfudé, 183=Gulmacema, 184=Gourounsi, 185=Bissa, 186=Birifor, 187=Bwamu, 188=Dagari, 189=Fulse, 190=Goin, 191=Karaboro, 192=Kassena, 193=Lobi, 194=Marka, 195=Samo, 196=Sénoufo, 197=Sonraï, 198=Bobo, 199=Toussian, 200=Tamachek, 220=Crioulo, 221=Portuguese, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Dangbe, 263=Dagbani, 264=Dagaare, 265=Mamprusi, 266=Mampruli, 267=Kusaal, 268=Kotokoli, 269=Konkomba, 270=Hausa, 271=Gonja, 272=Frafra, 273=Builsa, 300=Kikuyu, 301=Luo, 302=Luhya, 303=Kamba, 304=Kalenjin, 305=Kisii, 306=Meru/Embu, 307=Masai/Samburu, 308=Mijikenda, 309=Taita, 310=Somali, 311=Pokot, 312=Turkana, 340=Sesotho, 341=Sephuthi, 342=Sethepu, 380=Bassa, 381=Belle, 382=Dei, 383=Gbandi, 384=Gio, 385=Gola, 386=Grebo, 387=Kissi, 388=Kpelle, 389=Krahn, 390=Kru, 391=Lorma, 392=Mandingo, 393=Mano, 394=Mende, 395=Vai, 396=Liberian English, 420="Official" Malagasy, 421=Malagasy With Regional Dialect, 422=Chinese, 460=Chitumbuka, 461=Chinkhonde, 462=Chilambya, 463=Chichewa, 464=Chiyao, 465=Chingoni, 466=Chilomwe, 467=Chimang’anja, 468=Chisena, 470=Chisenga, 471=Chitonga, 500=Arabe, 501=Bambara, 502=Bella, 503=Bobo, 504=Bozo, 505=Dogon, 507=Kakolo, 508=Khassonké, 509=Malinké, 510=Maure, 511=Minianka, 512=Mossi, 513=Peulh / Fulfude, 515=Senufo, 516=Soninké / Sarakollé, 517=Sonrhaï, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Makua, 541=Sena, 542=Ndau, 543=Changana, 544=Nyanja, 545=Chope, 546=Bitonga, 547=Makonde, 548=Chuabo, 549=Ajaua, 550=Lomue, 551=Shona, 552=Xitswa, 553=Xironga, 554=Chichewa, 555=Cinyungwe, 556=Ciyao, 557=Ekoti, 558=Kimwani, 559=Nhungue, 560=Manhaua, 580=Afrikaans, 581=German, 582=Nama/Damara, 583=Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama), 584=Otjiherero, 585=Rukwangali, 586=Rugririku/Rumanyo, 587=Thimbukushu, 588=Silozi, 589=Setswana, 590=Masubia, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 624=Efik, 625=Ebira, 626=Fulani, 627=Isoko, 628=Ibibio, 629=Kanuri, 630=Tiv, 631=Nupe, 632=Ijaw, 633=Edo, 634=Igala, 635=Urhobo, 636=Ogoni, 637=Anang, 638=Ikwere, 639=Idoma, 640=Esan, 641=Nembe, 642=Aten, 643=Higgi, 644=Kurama, 645=Waja, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 663=Mandinka/Bambara, 664=Soninke, 665=Diola, 666=Manjack,

667=Bainouk, 668=Bassari, 700=Afrikaans, 701=Ndebele, 702=Xhosa, 703=Pedi/North Sotho, 704=Sotho/South Sotho, 705=Tswana, 706=Shangaan/Tsonga, 707=Swazi, 708=Venda, 709=Zulu, 740=Kinyakyusa, 741=Kichaga, 742=Kihaya, 743=Kingoni, 744=Kikwere, 745=Kipare, 746=Kihehe, 747=Kimakonde, 748=Kinyamwezi, 749=Kisukuma, 750=Kimasai, 751=Kimeru, 752=Kikurya, 753=Kigogo, 754=Kiluguru, 755=Kifipa, 756=Kimanyema, 757=Kinyiramba, 758=Kinyaturu, 759=Kibena, 760=Kidigo, 761=Kiha, 762=Kijaluo, 763=Kijita, 764=Kikaguru, 765=Kikerewe, 766=Kikinga, 767=Kimambwe, 768=Kimatengo, 769=Kimbulu, 770=Kimwera, 771=Kindali, 772=Kindengereko, 773=Kingindo, 774=Kinyamwanga, 775=Kinyiha, 776=Kipogoro, 777=Kirangi, 778=Kisambaa, 779=Kishirazi, 780=Luganda, 781=Runyankole, 782=Runyoro, 783=Lusoga, 784=Lumasaaba, 785=Lukhonjo, 786=Lunyole, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 791=Madi, 792=Japadhola, 793=Lusamia, 794=Lugwere, 795=Rukiga, 796=Rutooro, 797=Langi, 798=Kupsabinyi, 799=Ngakarimajong, 800=Kakwa, 801=Rufumbira, 820=Bemba, 821=Nyanja, 822=Tonga, 823=Lozi, 824=Chewa, 825=Nsenga, 826=Tumbuka, 827=Kaonde, 828=Luvale, 829=Namwanga, 830=Lunda, 831=Bisa, 832=Nkoya, 833=Mambwe, 834=Lenje, 835=Ngoni, 836=Soli, 837=Ila, 838=Ushi, 839=Chokwe, 840=Mbunda, 841=Kunda, 842=Lala, 843=Lamba, 844=Lungu, 845=Nyika, 846=Senga, 847=Tokaleya, 849=Ngumbo, 851=Tabwa, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 862=Zezuru, 863=Korekore, 864=Karanga, 865=Manyika, 866=Ndau, 867=Venda, 868=Kalanga, 869=Tonga, 870=Buja, 871=Chewa, 900=Creole, 901=Bhojpuri, 930=Krio, 931=Mende, 932=Temne, 933=Limba, 934=Loko, 935=Sherbro, 936=Fulla, 937=Kono, 938=Kuranko, 939=Madingo, 940=Vai, 941=Susu, 942=Kru, 943=Yalunka, 944=Kissi, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zarma/Songhay, 1102=Fulfulde, 1103=Tamasheq, 1104=Kanouri, 1106=Arabe, 1107=Toubou, 1140=Ewé, 1141=Mina (Guen), 1142=Kabyè, 1143=Tem (Kotokoli), 1144=Ben (Moba), 1145=Nawdem (Losso), 1146=Lama (Lamba), 1147=Ifè (Ana), 1148=Ikposso (Akposso), 1149=N’tcha (Bassar), 1150=Adja, 1151=Akébou, 1152=Gourma, 1153=Konkomba, 1154=Ngam-Gam, 1155=Tchamba, 1156=Fon, 1157=Ouatchi, 1159=Haoussa, 1160=Tchokossi (Anoufom), 1220=Foufouldé, 1221=Pidgin, 1222=Ewondo, 1223=Bafang, 1224=Douala, 1225=Bafia, 1226=Bafut, 1227=Bagangte, 1228=Bakundu, 1229=Bamileke, 1230=Bamoun, 1231=Bandjoun, 1232=Bangwa, 1233=Banso, 1234=Bassa, 1235=Batanga, 1236=Bayangi, 1237=Bula, 1238=Dschang, 1239=Eton, 1240=Fali, 1241=Fong, 1242=Gbaya, 1243=Guider, 1244=Guiziga, 1245=Haoussa, 1246=Kapsiki, 1247=Mafa, 1248=Maka, 1249=Mankon, 1250=Massa, 1251=Mbouda, 1252=Mboum, 1253=Mobakoh, 1254=Moudan, 1255=Ngueba, 1256=Njikwa, 1257=Lamnso, 1259=Toupouri, 1260=Abbey, 1261=Abron, 1262=Adjoukrou, 1263=Agny, 1264=Attié, 1265=Avikam, 1266=Bambara, 1267=Baoulé, 1268=Bété, 1269=Dida, 1270=Dioula, 1271=Godié, 1272=Gouro, 1273=Guéré, 1274=Koulango, 1275=Kroumen, 1276=Lobi, 1277=Malinké / Dioula, 1278=Sénoufo, 1279=Yacouba, 1280=Djimini, 1281=Ebrié, 1282=Koyaka, 1283=Tagbana, 1300=Mano, 1301=Maninka, 1302=Loma, 1303=Kpèlè, 1304=Kissié, 1305=Poular, 1306=Sossou, 1500=Arabic, 1501=Amazigh, 1502=Moroccan Arabic, 1503=Hassani, 1504=Northern, 1540=Sudanese Arabic, 1541=Nubian Language, 1543=Beja Language, 1580=Arabic, 1581=Berber Language, 1582=Tunisian Arabic, 1620=Siswati, 1621=Zulu, 1660=Crioulo, 1661=Forro, 1662=Angular, 1700=Fang, 1701=Punu/Mériè, 1702=Kota, 1703=Mbédè, 1704=Nzébi/Métié, 1705=Myénè, 1706=Tsogho, 1707=Kélé, 1708=Bakanigui, 1709=Baloumbou, 1710=Bateke, 1711=Bavungu, 1712=Eshira, 1713=Masangu, 1714=Miene, 1715=Obamba, 1716=Vili, 1740=Fula, 1741=Wolof, 1742=Jola, 1743=Mandinka, 1744=Manjago, 1745=Serahuleh, 1746=Serer, 1747=Jahanka, 2220=Yamba, 2221=Yabassi, 2223=Mousgoum, 2224=Banen, 2226=Daba, 2227=Yemba, 2228=Yambassa, 2231=Djimi, 2740=Kitumbatu, 2741=Kiyao, 2742=Kizaramo, 2743=Kizigua, 2744=Mzigua, 9995=Other, 9998=Refused To Answer, 9999=Don't know, 9995=Other, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to prompt if necessary with “That is, the language of your group of origin.”

Question Number: Q2AOTHER Question: Which language is your mother tongue or language of origin? Variable Label: Q2aother. Respondent's mother tongue (verbatim) Values: String Variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to prompt if necessary with “That is, the language of your group of origin.”

Question Number: Q2B Question: What is the primary language you speak in your home now? Variable Label: Q2b. Language spoken in home Values:, 1-4, 100-111, 140-150, 152, 180-200, 220-221, 260-267, 269-273, 301-312, 340-342, 380, 382-396, 420- 421, 460-471, 500-506, 508-513, 515-518, 540-560, 580-590, 620-645, 660-668, 700-709, 740-750, 752-759, 761- 769, 771, 773-775, 777, 780-785, 787-791, 793-801, 820-831, 833=835, 837-847, 860-869, 900, 930-939, 941-944,

1100-1107, 1140-1160, 1220-1239, 1242-1250, 1252-1255, 1257-1264, 1266-1283, 1300-1306, 1500-1504, 1540- 1541, 1580-1582, 1620-1621, 1660-1662, 1700-1702, 1704-1707, 1709-1713, 1716, 1740-1745, 2220, 2223, 2231, 2741-2743, 9998-9999,9995, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 2=French, 3=Portuguese, 4=Kiswahili, 100=Adjagbé, 101=Baatonum, 102=Dendi, 103=Ditammari, 104=Fongbé, 105=Fulfuldé, 106=Yoruba, 107=Lopka, 108=Waama, 109=Yom, 110=Gourmantché, 111=Torigbe, 140=Setswana, 141=Sesarwa, 142=Sekgalagadi, 143=Sesubia, 144=Ikalanga/Sekalaka, 145=Seherero, 146=Sembukushu, 147=Sebirwa, 149=Seyeyi, 150=Afrikaans/Seburu, 152=Setswapong, 180=Mooré, 181=Dioula, 182=Fulfudé, 183=Gulmacema, 184=Gourounsi, 185=Bissa, 186=Birifor, 187=Bwamu, 188=Dagari, 189=Fulse, 190=Goin, 192=Kassena, 193=Lobi, 194=Marka, 195=Samo, 196=Sénoufo, 197=Sonraï, 198=Bobo, 199=Toussian, 200=Tamachek, 220=Crioulo, 221=Portuguese, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Dangbe, 263=Dagbani, 264=Dagaare, 265=Mamprusi, 266=Mampruli, 267=Kusaal, 269=Konkomba, 270=Hausa, 271=Gonja, 272=Frafra, 273=Builsa, 300=Kikuyu, 301=Luo, 302=Luhya, 303=Kamba, 304=Kalenjin, 305=Kisii, 306=Meru/Embu, 307=Masai/Samburu, 308=Mijikenda, 309=Taita, 310=Somali, 311=Pokot, 312=Turkana, 340=Sesotho, 341=Sephuthi, 342=Sethepu, 380=Bassa, 382=Dei, 383=Gbandi, 384=Gio, 385=Gola, 386=Grebo, 387=Kissi, 388=Kpelle, 389=Krahn, 390=Kru, 391=Lorma, 392=Mandingo, 393=Mano, 394=Mende, 395=Vai, 396=Liberian English, 420="Official" Malagasy, 421=Malagasy With Regional Dialect, 460=Chitumbuka, 461=Chinkhonde, 462=Chilambya, 463=Chichewa, 464=Chiyao, 465=Chingoni, 466=Chilomwe, 467=Chimang’anja, 468=Chisena, 469=Chisukwa, 470=Chisenga, 471=Chitonga, 500=Arabe, 501=Bambara, 502=Bella, 503=Bobo, 504=Bozo, 505=Dogon, 506=Haoussa, 508=Khassonké, 509=Malinké, 510=Maure, 511=Minianka, 512=Mossi, 513=Peulh / Fulfude, 515=Senufo, 516=Soninké / Sarakollé, 517=Sonrhaï, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Makua, 541=Sena, 542=Ndau, 543=Changana, 544=Nyanja, 545=Chope, 546=Bitonga, 547=Makonde, 548=Chuabo, 549=Ajaua, 550=Lomue, 551=Shona, 552=Xitswa, 553=Xironga, 554=Chichewa, 555=Cinyungwe, 556=Ciyao, 557=Ekoti, 558=Kimwani, 559=Nhungue, 560=Manhaua, 580=Afrikaans, 581=German, 582=Nama/Damara, 583=Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama), 584=Otjiherero, 585=Rukwangali, 586=Rugririku/Rumanyo, 587=Thimbukushu, 588=Silozi, 589=Setswana, 590=Masubia, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 623=Pidgin English, 624=Efik, 625=Ebira, 626=Fulani, 627=Isoko, 628=Ibibio, 629=Kanuri, 630=Tiv, 631=Nupe, 632=Ijaw, 633=Edo, 634=Igala, 635=Urhobo, 636=Ogoni, 637=Anang, 638=Ikwere, 639=Idoma, 640=Esan, 641=Nembe, 642=Aten, 643=Higgi, 644=Kurama, 645=Waja, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 663=Mandinka/Bambara, 664=Soninke, 665=Diola, 666=Manjack, 668=Bassari, 700=Afrikaans, 701=Ndebele, 702=Xhosa, 703=Pedi/North Sotho, 704=Sotho/South Sotho, 705=Tswana, 706=Shangaan/Tsonga, 707=Swazi, 708=Venda, 709=Zulu, 740=Kinyakyusa, 741=Kichaga, 742=Kihaya, 743=Kingoni, 744=Kikwere, 745=Kipare, 746=Kihehe, 747=Kimakonde, 748=Kinyamwezi, 749=Kisukuma, 750=Kimasai, 752=Kikurya, 753=Kigogo, 754=Kiluguru, 755=Kifipa, 756=Kimanyema, 757=Kinyiramba, 758=Kinyaturu, 759=Kibena, 761=Kiha, 762=Kijaluo, 763=Kijita, 764=Kikaguru, 765=Kikerewe, 766=Kikinga, 767=Kimambwe, 768=Kimatengo, 769=Kimbulu, 771=Kindali, 773=Kingindo, 774=Kinyamwanga, 775=Kinyiha, 777=Kirangi, 780=Luganda, 781=Runyankole, 782=Runyoro, 783=Lusoga, 784=Lumasaaba, 785=Lukhonjo, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 791=Madi, 793=Lusamia, 794=Lugwere, 795=Rukiga, 796=Rutooro, 797=Langi, 798=Kupsabinyi, 799=Ngakarimajong, 800=Kakwa, 801=Rufumbira, 820=Bemba, 821=Nyanja, 822=Tonga, 823=Lozi, 824=Chewa, 825=Nsenga, 826=Tumbuka, 827=Kaonde, 828=Luvale, 829=Namwanga, 830=Lunda, 831=Bisa, 833=Mambwe, 834=Lenje, 835=Ngoni, 837=Ila, 838=Ushi, 839=Chokwe, 840=Mbunda, 841=Kunda, 842=Lala, 843=Lamba, 844=Lungu, 845=Nyika, 846=Senga, 847=Tokaleya, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 862=Zezuru, 863=Korekore, 864=Karanga, 865=Manyika, 866=Ndau, 867=Venda, 868=Kalanga, 869=Tonga, 900=Creole, 930=Krio, 931=Mende, 932=Temne, 933=Limba, 934=Loko, 935=Sherbro, 936=Fulla, 937=Kono, 938=Kuranko, 939=Madingo, 941=Susu, 942=Kru, 943=Yalunka, 944=Kissi, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zarma/Songhay, 1102=Fulfulde, 1103=Tamasheq, 1104=Kanouri, 1107=Toubou, 1140=Ewé, 1141=Mina (Guen), 1142=Kabyè, 1143=Tem (Kotokoli), 1144=Ben (Moba), 1145=Nawdem (Losso), 1146=Lama (Lamba), 1147=Ifè (Ana), 1148=Ikposso (Akposso), 1149=N’tcha (Bassar), 1150=Adja, 1151=Akébou, 1152=Gourma, 1153=Konkomba, 1154=Ngam-Gam, 1155=Tchamba, 1156=Fon, 1157=Ouatchi, 1158=Aklobo, 1160=Tchokossi (Anoufom), 1220=Foufouldé, 1221=Pidgin, 1222=Ewondo, 1223=Bafang, 1224=Douala, 1225=Bafia, 1226=Bafut, 1227=Bagangte, 1228=Bakundu, 1229=Bamileke, 1230=Bamoun, 1231=Bandjoun, 1232=Bangwa, 1233=Banso, 1234=Bassa, 1236=Bayangi, 1237=Bula, 1238=Dschang, 1239=Eton, 1242=Gbaya, 1243=Guider, 1244=Guiziga, 1245=Haoussa, 1246=Kapsiki, 1247=Mafa, 1248=Maka, 1249=Mankon, 1250=Massa, 1252=Mboum, 1253=Mobakoh, 1254=Moudan, 1255=Ngueba, 1257=Lamnso, 1258=Tikari, 1259=Toupouri, 1260=Abbey, 1261=Abron, 1262=Adjoukrou, 1263=Agny, 1264=Attié, 1266=Bambara, 1267=Baoulé, 1268=Bété, 1269=Dida, 1270=Dioula, 1271=Godié, 1272=Gouro, 1273=Guéré, 1274=Koulango, 1275=Kroumen, 1276=Lobi, 1277=Malinké / Dioula, 1278=Sénoufo, 1279=Yacouba, 1280=Djimini, 1281=Ebrié, 1282=Koyaka, 1283=Tagbana, 1300=Mano, 1301=Maninka, 1302=Loma,

1303=Kpèlè, 1304=Kissié, 1305=Poular, 1306=Sossou, 1500=Arabic, 1501=Amazigh, 1502=Moroccan Arabic, 1503=Hassani, 1504=Northern, 1540=Sudanese Arabic, 1541=Nubian Language, 1580=Arabic, 1581=Berber Language, 1582=Tunisian Arabic, 1620=Siswati, 1621=Zulu, 1660=Crioulo, 1661=Forro, 1662=Angular, 1700=Fang, 1701=Punu/Mériè, 1702=Kota, 1704=Nzébi/Métié, 1705=Myénè, 1706=Tsogho, 1707=Kélé, 1709=Baloumbou, 1710=Bateke, 1711=Bavungu, 1712=Eshira, 1713=Masangu, 1716=Vili, 1740=Fula, 1741=Wolof, 1742=Jola, 1743=Mandinka, 1744=Manjago, 1745=Serahuleh, 2220=Yamba, 2223=Mousgoum, 2231=Djimi, 2741=Kiyao, 2742=Kizaramo, 2743=Kizigua, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know ,9995=Other, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q2AOTHER Question: What is the primary language you speak in your home now? Variable Label: Q2bother. Language spoken in home (verbatim) Values: String Variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q3 Question: Let's start with your general view about the current direction of our country. Some people might think the country is going in the wrong direction. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask YOU about the overall direction of the country: Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? Variable Label: Q3. Overall direction of the country Values: 1, 2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Going in the wrong direction, 2=Going in the right direction 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB, Zambia96

Question Number: Q4A Question: In general, how would you describe: The present economic condition of this country? Variable Label: Q4A. Country’s present economic condition Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB, Zambia96

Question Number: Q4B Question: In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? Variable Label: Q4B. Your present living conditions Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB, Zambia96

Question Number: Q5 Question: In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other [ENTER NATIONALITY]? Variable Label: Q5. Your living conditions vs. others Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q6 Question: Looking back, how do you rate economic conditions in this country compared to twelve months ago? Variable Label: Q6. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB, Zambia96

Question Number: Q7 Question: Looking ahead, do you expect economic conditions in this country to be better or worse in twelve months’ time? Variable Label: Q7. Country's economic condition in 12 months’ time Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q8A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough food to eat? Variable Label: Q8a. How often gone without food Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB

Question Number: Q8B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough clean water for home use? Variable Label: Q8b. How often gone without water Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB

Question Number: Q8C Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without medicines or medical treatment? Variable Label: Q8c. How often gone without medical care Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB

Question Number: Q8D Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough fuel to cook your food? Variable Label: Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q8E Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without a cash income? Variable Label: Q8e. How often gone without a cash income Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q8F Question: When you say you went without [insert item] [insert frequency] would you say this occurred: Variable Label: Q8f. Frequency going without basic necessities Values: 1-7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=About once every two or three months, 2=About once a month, 3=Two or three times a month, 4=About once a week, 5=Several times a week, 6=Every day, 7=Not Applicable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note [Interviewer was instructed to identify the most intense (highest) code circled on Q8. If it is a 2, 3 or 4, i.e., if the respondent went without any item in Q8a-e “several times”, “many times”, or “always,” take the most frequent response given and ask 8F.

Question Number: Q9 Question: Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much, if at all, do you depend on receiving money from relatives or friends working in other countries? Variable Label: Q9. How dependent on receiving remittances Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all/Does not receive remittances, 1=A little bit, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q10A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighborhood? Variable Label: Q10a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice 2=Several times 3=Many times 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from NDB

Question Number: Q10B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home? Variable Label: Q10b. How often feared crime in home Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice 2=Several times 3=Many times 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from NDB

Question Number: Q11A Question: During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house? Variable Label: Q11a. Had something stolen from your house Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, once, 2=Yes, twice, 3=Yes, three or more times, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from NDB Note: Interviewer was instructed to follow up by asking, “Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times?” if the respondent answered yes initially.

Question Number: Q11B Question: During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? Variable Label: Q11b. Have been physically attacked Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, once, 2=Yes, twice, 3=Yes, three or more times, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from NDB

Note: Interviewer was instructed to follow up by asking, “Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times?” if the respondent answered yes initially.

Question Number: Q12A Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio? Variable Label: Q12a. Radio news Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia96

Question Number: Q12B Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Television? Variable Label: Q12b. Television news Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q12C Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers? Variable Label: Q12c. Newspaper news Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia96

Question Number: Q12D Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Internet? Variable Label: Q12d. Internet news Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round5

Question Number: Q12E Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Social media such as Facebook or Twitter? Variable Label: Q12e. Social media news Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round5

Question Number: Q13 Question: When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: Variable Label: Q13. Discuss politics Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Occasionally, 2=Frequently, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96.

Question Number: Q14 Question: In this country, how free are you too say what you think? Variable Label: Q14. Freedom to say what you think Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not at all free, 2=Not very free, 3=Somewhat free, 4=Completely free, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB

Question Number: Q15 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1or Statement 2. Statement 1: The Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies. Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it. Variable Label: Q15. Government bans organization vs. join any Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q16 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women. Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men. Variable Label: Q16. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders Values: 1-5, 8, 9, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 8=Refused, 9=Don’t know, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q17 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control. Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it considers harmful to society. Variable Label: Q17. Media free to publish vs. government control Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q18A Question: How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the local school to find out what the school’s budget is and how the funds have been used. Variable Label: Q18a. Access to information: school budget Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q18B Question: How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the [local lands office] to find out who owns a piece of land in your community Variable Label: Q18b. Access to information: land ownership Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Notes: Appropriate local government office managing lands was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q18C Question: How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the [local government office] to find out about the [district] development plan and budgets Variable Label: Q18c. Access to information: local government development plan and budget Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Notes: Appropriate local government office and appropriate administrative level of local were inserted in each country. See f for details.

Question Number: Q18D Question: How likely is it that you could get the following information from government or other public institutions, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the [local government office] to find out how to register a new business in your community Variable Label: Q18d. Access to information: business registrations Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Notes: Appropriate local government office was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q19A Question: Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? Your own freedom to say what you think about politics? Variable Label: Q19a. Better or worse: freedom to say what you think Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much less freedom, 2=Somewhat less freedom, 3=Same, 4=Somewhat more freedom, 5=Much more freedom, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q19B Question: Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? Your own freedom to join any political organization you want? Variable Label: Q19b. Better or worse: freedom to join political organizations Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much less freedom, 2=Somewhat less freedom, 3=Same, 4=Somewhat more freedom, 5=Much more freedom, 9=Don’t know8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q19C Question: Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The media’s freedom to investigate and report on government mistakes or to criticize government actions or performance? Variable Label: Q19c. Better or worse: media freedom to investigate, report Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much less freedom, 2=Somewhat less freedom, 3=Same, 4=Somewhat more freedom, 5=Much more freedom, 9=Don’t know8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q19D Question: Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The freedom of independent groups or non-governmental organizations to speak, hold meetings or advocate their views freely, including criticizing the government if they choose? Variable Label: Q19d. Better or worse: freedom of NGOs/groups to speak, act Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much less freedom, 2=Somewhat less freedom, 3=Same, 4=Somewhat more freedom, 5=Much more freedom, 9=Don’t know,8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q19E Question: Please tell me if there is more or less freedom now for each of the following things compared to a few years ago, or are things about the same? The freedom of opposition parties or candidates to speak or hold rallies, state their views, or criticize the government? Variable Label: Q19e. Better or worse: freedom of opposition to function Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much less freedom, 2=Somewhat less freedom, 3=Same, 4=Somewhat more freedom, 5=Much more freedom, 9=Don’t know,8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q20A Question: Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group that meets outside of regular worship services? Variable Label: Q20a. Member of religious group Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not a Member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q20B Question: Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some other voluntary association or community group? Variable Label: Q20b. Member of voluntary association or community group Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q21A Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting? Variable Label: Q21a. Attend a community meeting Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q21B Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue?

Variable Label: Q21b. Join the others to raise an issue Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q22 Question: Understanding that some people were unable to vote in the most recent national election in [20xx], which of the following statements is true for you? Variable Label: Q22. Voting in the most recent national election Values: 0-8, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 0=You were not registered to vote, 1=You voted in the elections, 2=You decided not to vote, 3=You could not find the polling station, 4=You were prevented from voting, 5=You did not have time to vote, 6=You did not vote because you could not find your name in the voters’ register, 7=Did not vote for some other reason, 8=You were too young to vote, 9=Don`t Know/Can`t Remember, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 and Round 6. Notes: Year of last national election was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q23 Question: On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in [20xx]. Was it: Variable Label: Q23. Freeness and fairness of the last national election Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not free and fair, 2=Free and fair, with major problems, 3=Free and fair, but with minor problems, 4=Completely free and fair, 8=Do not understand the question, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Notes: Year of last national election was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q24A Question: Thinking about the last national election in [20xx], did you: Attend a campaign rally? Variable Label: Q24a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Notes: Year of last national election was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q24B Question: Thinking about the last national election in [20xx], did you: Work for a candidate or party? Variable Label: Q24b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Notes: Year of last national election was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q25A Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: [A local government councilor]? Variable Label: Q25a. Contact local government councilor Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Name of appropriate local government representative was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q25B Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: [A Member of Parliament]? Variable Label: Q25b. Contact MP Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question text referred to “Member of Parliament” or “Representative to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q25C Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: An official of a government agency? Variable Label: Q25c. Contact official of a government agency Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96

Question Number: Q25D Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A political party official? Variable Label: Q245. Contact political party official Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q25E Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: Traditional Leaders? Variable Label: Q25e. Contact traditional leader Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96

Question Number: Q25F Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: Religious Leaders? Variable Label: Q25f. Contact religious leader Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q26A Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Joined others in your community to request action from government? Variable Label: Q26a. Join others to request government action Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia96

Question Number: Q26B Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Contacted the media, like calling a radio program or writing a letter to a newspaper? Variable Label: Q26b. Contact media Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round5

Question Number: Q26C Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Contacted a government official to ask for help or make a complaint? Variable Label: Q26c. Contact official for help Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round5

Question Number: Q26D Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Refused to pay a tax or fee to government? Variable Label: Q26d. Refuse to pay a tax or fee to government Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia96

Question Number: Q26E Question Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Participated in a demonstration or protest march? Variable Label: Q26e. Attend a demonstration or protest march Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round5

Question Number: Q27A Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office? Variable Label: Q27a. Reject one-party rule Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q27B Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army comes in to govern the country?

Variable Label: Q27b. Reject military rule Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q27C Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections and Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything? Variable Label: Q27c. Reject one-man rule Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing. Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question text referred to “Parliament” or “the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. The question also asked about the most powerful executive role in the country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q28 Question: Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? Statement 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. Statement 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. Statement 3: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have. Variable Label: Q28. Support for democracy Values: 1-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Statement 3: Doesn’t matter, 2=Statement 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable, 3=Statement 1: Democracy preferable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Latinobarometer (LB) Note: Interviewer was instructed to “read the question in the language of the interview, but always read ‘democracy’ in English. Translate ‘democracy’ into local language only if respondent does not understand English term.”

Question Number: Q29 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it does. Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes decisions more slowly. Variable Label: Q29. Govt gets things done vs. Govt accountable to citizens Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q30 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections. Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s leaders. Variable Label: Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2

Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q31 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in [ENTER COUNTRY]. Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that [ENTER NATIONALITY] have real choices in who governs them. Variable Label: Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q32 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the President explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends taxpayers’ money. Statement 2: The President should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time justifying his actions. Variable Label: Q32. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question text referred to “Parliament” or “the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. The question asked about the most powerful executive role, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q33 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he thinks are wrong. Statement 2: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong. Variable Label: Q33. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” The question asked about the most powerful executive role, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q34 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office. Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve. Variable Label: Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing

Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” The question asked about the most powerful executive role, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q35 Question: In your opinion, how much of a democracy is [ENTER COUNTRY] today? Variable Label: Q35. Extent of democracy Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not a democracy, 2=A democracy, with major problems, 3=A democracy, but with minor problems, 4=A full democracy, 8=Do not understand question/ do not understand what ‘democracy’ is, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Ghana 97 Note: Interviewer was instructed to “read the question in the language of the interview, but always read ‘democracy’ in English. Translate ‘democracy’ into local language only if respondent does not understand English term.”

Question Number: Q36 Question: Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in [ENTER COUNTRY]? Are you: Variable Label: Q36. Satisfaction with democracy Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=[Country] is not a democracy, 1=Not at all satisfied, 2=Not very satisfied, 3=Fairly satisfied, 4=Very satisfied, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Eurobarometer Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term.”

Question Number: Q37 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for. Statement 2: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for. Variable Label: Q37. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q38A Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by. Variable Label: Q38a. Courts make binding decisions Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38B Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right to make people obey the law. Variable Label: Q38b. People must obey the law Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2

Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38C Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax authorities always have the right to make people pay taxes. Variable Label: Q38c. People must pay taxes Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38D Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women. Variable Label: Q38d. Men have more right to job Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38E Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Women should have the same rights as men to own and inherit land. Variable Label: Q38e. Women have equal right to land Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38F Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: In general, it is better for a family if a woman has the main responsibility for taking care of the home and children rather than a man. Variable Label: Q38f. Better if woman takes care of household Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q38G Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Information held by public authorities is only for use by government officials; it should not have to be shared with the public. Variable Label: Q38g. Government information for official use only Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q39A Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does competition between political parties lead to violent conflict? Variable Label: Q39a. How often party competition leads to conflict

Values: 0-3, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2

Question Number: Q39B Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore the courts and laws of the country? Variable Label: Q39b. how often president ignores laws Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Notes: The question asked about the most powerful executive role, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q39C Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore parliament and just do what he wants? Variable Label: Q39c. How often president ignore parliament Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Notes: Question text referred to “Parliament” or “the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. The question also asked about the most powerful executive role in each country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q40 Question: During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? Variable Label: Q40. How much fear political intimidation or violence Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=A lot, 1=Somewhat, 2=A little bit, 3=Not at all, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1 =Missing. Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q41 Question: In your opinion, during this country’s elections how often are opposition candidates prevented from running for office? Variable Label: Q41. Elections: opposition prevented from running Values: 0-3, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: World Values Survey

Question Number: Q42A Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? Variable Label: Q42a. How often careful what you say Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q42B Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful about what political organizations they join? Variable Label: Q42b. How often careful which organizations joined Values: 0-3, 9, 8, 99, -1

Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q42C Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful about how they vote in an election? Variable Label: Q42c. How often careful how vote Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q42D Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are people treated unequally under the law? Variable Label: Q42D. How often people treated unequally Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2

Question Number: Q42E Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished? Variable Label: Q42E. How often officials unpunished Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q42F Question: In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished? Variable Label: Q42f. How often ordinary people unpunished Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q43A Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President? Variable Label: Q43a. Trust president Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia96 * The question asked about the most powerful executive role in the country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. If there was a secondary leader, those are included in country-specific data sets. * The following countries asked about their President: BEN, BFO, BOT, CAM, CDI, CVE, GAB, GAM, GHA, GUI, KEN, LIB, MAD, MLI, MLW, MOZ, NAM, NGR, NIG, SAF, SEN, STP, SRL, SUD, TAN, TOG, UGA, ZAM, ZIM * The following countries asked about their Prime Minister: LES, MAU, MRC, TUN * Not asked in SWZ

Question Number: Q43B Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Parliament? Variable Label: Q43b. Trust parliament/national assembly Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96

Notes: Question text referred to “Parliament” or “the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q43C Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: [electoral commission of [ENTER COUNTRY]]? Variable Label: Q43c. Trust national electoral commission Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Official name of electoral commission was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q43D Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: [your local government council]? Variable Label: Q43d. Trust your elected local government council Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Name of appropriate local government council was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q43E Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ruling Party? Variable Label: Q43e. Trust the ruling party Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia96

Question Number: Q43F Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Opposition Political Parties? Variable Label: Q43f. Trust opposition political parties Values: 0-3, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Adapted from Zambia 96

Question Number: Q43G Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Police? Variable Label: Q43g. Trust police Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q43H Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The army? Variable Label: Q43h. Trust army Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q43I Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts of law? Variable Label: Q43i. Trust courts of law Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q43J Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Traditional leaders? Variable Label: Q43j. Trust traditional leaders Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q43K Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Religious leaders? Variable Label: Q43k. Trust religious leaders Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q44A Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President and Officials in his Office? Variable Label: Q44a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB * The question asked about the most powerful executive role in the country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. If there was a secondary leader, those are included in country-specific data sets. * The following countries asked about their President: BEN, BFO, BOT, CAM, CDI, CVE, GAB, GAM, GHA, GUI, KEN, LIB, MAD, MLI, MLW, MOZ, NAM, NGR, NIG, SAF, SEN, STP, SRL, SUD, TAN, TOG, UGA, ZAM, ZIM * The following countries asked about their Prime Minister: LES, MAU, MRC, TUN * Not asked in SWZ

Question Number: Q44B Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Members of Parliament? Variable Label: Q44b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing. Source: SAB Notes: Question text referred to “Member of Parliament” or “Representative to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q44C Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Government officials? Variable Label: Q44c. Corruption: government officials Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing. Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q44D Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: [Local government councilors]? Variable Label: Q44d. Corruption: local government councilors Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB Notes: Appropriate reference to local government councilors was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q44E Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Police? Variable Label : Q44e. Corruption : police Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q44F Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Judges and Magistrates? Variable Label: Q44f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q44G Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Traditional Leaders? Variable Label: Q44g. Corruption: traditional leaders Values: 0-3, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q44H Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Religious Leaders? Variable Label: Q44h. Corruption: religious leaders Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q44I Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Business Executives? Variable Label: Q44i. Corruption: business executives Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q44J Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Non-governmental organisations? Variable Label: Q44j. Corruption: Non-governmental organisations Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q45 Question: In your opinion, over the past year, has the level of corruption in this country increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Variable Label: Q45. Level of corruption Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Increased a lot, 2=Increased somewhat, 3=Stayed the same, 4=Decreased somewhat, 5=Decreased a lot, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Transparency International Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q46 Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption? Variable Label: Q46. Ordinary people can fight corruption Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Transparency International Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q47 Question: In this country, can ordinary people report incidents of corruption without fear, or do they risk retaliation or other negative consequences if they speak out? Variable Label: Q47. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear Values: 0-1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Can report without fear, 1=Risk retaliation or other negative consequences, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q48A Question: In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding paying taxes they owe to government Variable Label: Q48a. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid taxes Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely,3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q48B Question: In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding going to court? Variable Label: Q48b. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid going to court Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q48C Question: In this country, how likely do you think it is that an ordinary person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Registering land that does not belong to them? Variable Label: Q48c. Ordinary person: pay bribe to register land not theirs Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q48D Question: And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding paying taxes they owe to government? Variable Label: Q48d. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid taxes Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q48E Question: And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Avoiding going to court? Variable Label: Q48e. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid going to court Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Some countries asked about “Avoiding paying a traffic fine or going to court”. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q48F Question: And in this country how likely do you think it is that a rich person could pay a bribe or use personal connections to get away with: Registering land that does not belong to them? Variable Label: Q48f. Rich person: pay bribe to register land not theirs Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49A Question: In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public school? Variable Label: Q49a. Contact with public school Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49B Question: How easy or difficult was it to obtain the services you needed from teachers or school officials? Variable Label: Q49b. Difficulty to obtain public school services Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Difficult, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If ‘no’ at A, circle 7 for both parts B and C and continue to D. If ‘yes,’ continue with parts B and C.

Question Number: Q49C Question: And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a teacher or school official in order to get the services you needed from the schools? Variable Label: Q49c. Pay bribe for public school services Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6

Question Number: Q49D Question: In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public clinic or hospital? Variable Label: Q49d. Contact with public clinic or hospital Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6

Question Number: Q49E Question: How easy or difficult was it to obtain the medical care you needed? Variable Label: Q49e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Difficult, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If ‘no’ at D, circle 7 for parts E, F and G and continue to H. If ‘yes,’ continue with parts E, F and G.

Question Number: Q49F Question: How long did it take you to receive the medical care that you needed? Was it right away, after a short time, after a long time, or never? Variable Label: Q49f. Time taken to receive medical care Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=After a long time, 2=After a short time, 3=Right away, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49G Question: And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a health worker or clinic or hospital staff in order to get the medical care you needed? Variable Label: Q49g. Pay bribe for medical care Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6

Question Number: Q49H Question: In the past 12 months, have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit, from government? Variable Label: Q49h. Tried to obtain identity document Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49I Question: How easy or difficult was it to obtain the document you needed? Variable Label: Q49i. Difficulty to obtain identity document Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Difficult, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If ‘no’ at H, circle 7 for parts I, J and K and continue to L. If ‘yes,’ continue with parts I, J and K.

Question Number: Q49J Question: How long did it take you to obtain the document that you needed? Was it right away, after a short time, after a long time, or never? Variable Label: Q49j. Time taken to obtain identity document Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=After a long time, 2=After a short time, 3=Right away, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49K Question: And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document you needed? Variable Label: Q49k. Pay bribe for identity document Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6

Question Number: Q49L Question: In the past 12 months, have you tried to get water, sanitation or electric services from government? Variable Label: Q49l. Tried to obtain household services Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49M Question: How easy or difficult was it to obtain household services? Variable Label: Q49m. Difficulty to obtain household services Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Difficult, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If ‘no’ at L, circle 7 for parts M and N and continue to O. If ‘yes,’ continue with parts M and N.

Question Number: Q49N Question: And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the services you needed? Variable Label: Q49n. Pay bribe for household services Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49O Question: In the past 12 months, have you requested assistance from the police? Variable Label: Q49o. Requested police assistance

Values: 0, 1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49P Question: How easy or difficult was it to obtain the assistance you needed? Variable Label: Q49p. Difficulty to obtain police assistance Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Difficult, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If ‘no’ at O, circle 7 for parts P, Q and R and continue to S. If ‘yes,’ continue with parts P, Q and R.

Question Number: Q49Q Question: How long did it take you to receive police assistance? Variable Label: Q49q. Time taken to receive police assistance Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=After a long time, 2=After a short time, 3=Right away, 4=Very difficult, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49R Question: And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to get the assistance you needed? Variable Label: Q49r. Pay bribe to receive police assistance Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6

Question Number: Q49S Question: In the past 12 months, how often have you encountered the police in other situations, like at checkpoints, during identity checks or traffic stops, or during an investigation? Variable Label: Q49s. Q49s. Contact with police in other situations Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q49T Question: How often, if ever did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to avoid a problem during one of these encounters? Variable Label: Q49t. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No contact, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was asked to do the following: If answer to S was 0=Never, select 7=No contact and continue to Q50.

Question Number: Q50 Question: In general, when dealing with public officials, how much do you feel that they treat you with respect? Variable Label: Q50. Respected by public officials Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=A little bit, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing

Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q51 Question: In general, when dealing with public officials, do you think that they treat you better, the same, or worse than other people? Variable Label: Q51. Treatment by public officials compared to others Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Much Worse, 1=Worse, 2=Same, 3=Better, 4=Much Better, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q52 Question: When a vendor sells you a kilogram of [main grain crop, e.g., maize, rice,etc.], how sure are you that you get what you pay for? Variable Label: Q52. Get correct amount when buying grain Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Sometimes, 2=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Notes: Name of major local grain crop was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q53A Question: How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the local school to report teacher misbehavior such as absenteeism or mistreatment of students Variable Label: Q53a. Likelihood of response: reporting teacher misconduct Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q53B Question: How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to your [local government office or anti-corruption authority] to report corrupt behavior like misuse of funds or requests for bribes by government officers, police, or school or clinic staff. Variable Label: Q53b. Likelihood of response: reporting corruption Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Appropriate name of local government office or anti-corruption authority was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q53C Question: How likely is it that you could get someone to take action if you went to a government office or other public institution to report the following problems, or haven’t you heard enough to say? If you went to the local police to report a crime Variable Label: Q53c. Likelihood of response: reporting crime Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Somewhat likely, 3=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q54A Question: How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Members of Parliament? Variable Label : Q54a. MPs listen Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Notes: Question text referred to “Member of Parliament” or “Representative to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q54B Question: How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Local government councilors? Variable Label: Q54b. Local government councilors listen Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3

Question Number: Q55PT1 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt1. Most important problems – 1st response Values: 0-32, 700-701, 900, 1220, 1620, 9995, 9998-9999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/no problems, 1=Management of the economy, 2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19=Services (other), 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 32=Agricultural marketing, 700=Drugs/Alcoholism, 701=Immigration/Foreigners, 900=Drugs, 1220=Anglophone crisis, 1620=Elderly grants, 9995=Other (i.e, some other problem), 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don't know, -1=Missing . Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q55PT1OTHER Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt1other. Most important problems – 1st response (verbatim other) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q55pt2 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt2. Most important problems – 2nd response Values: 1-32, 700-701, 900, 1220, 1620, 9995-9996, 9998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Management of the economy, 2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19=Services (other), 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 32=Agricultural marketing, 700=Drugs/Alcoholism, 701=Immigration/Foreigners, 900=Drugs,

1220=Anglophone crisis, 1620=Elderly grants, 9995=Other (i.e., some other problem), 9996=No further reply, 9998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing . Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q55PT2OTHER Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt2other. Most important problems – 2nd response (verbatim other) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q55pt3 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt3. Most important problems – 3rd response Values: 1-32, 700-701, 900, 1220, 1620, 9995-9996, 9998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Management of the economy, 2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19=Services (other), 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 32=Agricultural marketing, 700=Drugs/Alcoholism, 701=Immigration/Foreigners, 900=Drugs, 1220=Anglophone crisis, 1620=Elderly grants, 9995=Other (i.e., some other problem), 9996=No further reply, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing . Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q55PT3OTHER Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Q55pt3other. Most important problems – 3rd response (verbatim other) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Interviewer was instructed to “Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask ‘Which three of these are the most important?’; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask ‘Anything else?’”

Question Number: Q56A Question: Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Managing the economy? Variable Label: Q56a. Handling managing the economy Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56B Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Improving the living standards of the poor. Variable Label: Q56b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56C Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Creating jobs? Variable Label: Q56c. Handling creating jobs Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56D Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Keeping prices stable? Variable Label: Q56d. Handling keeping prices stable Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56E Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor? Variable Label: Q56e. Handling narrowing income gaps Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56F Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Reducing crime? Variable Label: Q56f. Handling reducing crime Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56G Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Improving basic health services? Variable Label: Q56g. Handling improving basic health services Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB

Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56H Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Addressing educational needs? Variable Label: Q56h. Handling addressing educational needs Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56I Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Providing water and sanitation services? Variable Label: Q56i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing. Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56J Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat? Variable Label: Q56j. Handling ensuring enough to eat Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing. Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56K Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Fighting corruption in government? Variable Label: Q56k. Handling fighting corruption Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing. Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56L Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Maintaining roads and bridges? Variable Label: Q56l. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56M Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Providing a reliable supply of electricity? Variable Label: Q56m. Handling providing reliable electric supply Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q56N Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Preventing political violence during election campaigns? Variable Label: Q56n. Handling preventing election violence Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q56O Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Preventing or resolving violent conflict between communities? Variable Label: Q56o. Handling preventing or resolving violent community conflict Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q56P Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Countering political violence from armed extremist groups? Variable Label: Q56p. Handling countering violence from armed extremists Values: 1-4, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Only asked in countries experiencing violence by armed extremist groups.

Question Number: Q56Q Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Promoting opportunities and equality for women? Variable Label: Q56q. Handling promoting equal rights/opportunities for women Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q56R Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Addressing the needs of youth? Variable Label: Q56r. Handling addressing needs of youth Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q56S Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Protecting rights and promoting opportunities for disabled people? Variable Label: Q56s. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Values: 1-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57A Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? Your ability to get medical care when you need it Variable Label: Q57a. Better or worse: access to medical care Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57B Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? Your personal safety from crime and violence Variable Label: Q57b. Better or worse: personal safety Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57C Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? The government’s effectiveness in addressing educational needs Variable Label: Q57c. Better or worse: government effectiveness on education Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57D Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? The ability of ordinary people to get help from the police when they need it. Variable Label: Q57d. Better or worse: get assistance from police Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57E Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? The ability of ordinary people to get assistance from government to resolve problems for themselves or their communities. Variable Label: Q57e. Better or worse: government assists people to resolve problems Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing

Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q57F Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? The extent to which Members of Parliament listen to what ordinary people have to say. Variable Label: Q57f. Better or worse: MPs listen Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion Notes: Question text referred to “Members of Parliament” or “Representatives to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q57G Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they were a few years ago, or are they about the same? Equal opportunities and treatment for women. Variable Label: Q57g. Better or worse: equal opportunities and treatment for women Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don`t know 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion

Question Number: Q58A Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? [NAME OF PRESIDENT] Variable Label: Q58a. Performance: President Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. * The question asked about the most powerful executive role in the country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. If there was a secondary leader, those are included in country-specific questions. Refer to country data sets. * The following countries asked about their President: BEN, BFO, BOT, CAM, CDI, CVE, GAB, GAM, GHA, GUI, KEN, LIB, MAD, MLI, MLW, MOZ, NAM, NGR, NIG, SAF, SEN, STP, SRL, SUD, TAN, TOG, UGA, ZAM, ZIM * The following countries asked about their Prime Minister: LES, MAU, MRC, TUN * Not asked in Swaziland/eSwatini.

Question Number: Q58B Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Your [Member of Parliament]? Variable Label: Q58b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question text referred to “Member of Parliament” or “Representative to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q58C Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Your elected [local government councilor]? Variable Label: Q58c. Performance: local government councilor Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question text referred to appropriate local government representative in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q58D Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Traditional Leader? Variable Label: Q58d. Performance: traditional leader Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q58E Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: [Your Mayor or Chairperson of the District Council]? Variable Label: Q58e. Performance: your Mayor Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Title of local executive was inserted in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q59A Question: Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Members of Parliament do their jobs? Variable Label: Q59a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Values: 0-4, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=The President/Executive, 1=The Parliament/County Assembly, 2=Their political party, 3=The voters, 4=No one, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Question text referred to “Member of Parliament” or “Representative to the National Assembly” as appropriate in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q59B Question: Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, local government councils do their jobs? Variable Label: Q59b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs Values: 0-4, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=The President/Executive, 1=The Parliament/ County Assembly, 2=Their political party, 3=The voters, 4=No one, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Question text referred to appropriate local government representative in each country. See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q59C Question: Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, the president does his job?

Variable Label: Q59c. Who responsible: president does job Values: 0-4, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=The President/Executive, 1=The Parliament/ County Assembly, 2=Their political party, 3=The voters, 4=No one, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 * The question asked about the most powerful executive role in the country, whether the President or the Prime Minister. If there was a secondary leader, those are included in country-specific data sets. * The following countries asked about their President: BEN, BFO, BOT, CAM, CDI, CVE, GAB, GAM, GHA, GUI, KEN, LIB, MAD, MLI, MLW, MOZ, NAM, NGR, NIG, SAF, SEN, STP, SRL, SUD, TAN, TOG, UGA, ZAM, ZIM * The following countries asked about their Prime Minister: LES, MAU, MRC, TUN * Not asked in Swaziland/eSwatini.

Question Number: Q60A Question: In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence? [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? Violence among people in your neighbourhood or village. Variable Label: Q60a. Feared violence in neighbourhood Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, never, 1=Yes, Feared, but didn’t experience, 2=Yes, Feared and experienced, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q60B Question: In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence? [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? Violence at a political rally or campaign event. Variable Label: Q60b. Feared violence at political event Values: 0-2, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, never, 1=Yes, Feared, but didn’t experience, 2=Yes, Feared and experienced, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q60C Question: In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence? [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? Violence occurring during a public protest or march. Variable Label: Q60c. Feared violence during public protest Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, never ,1=Yes, Feared, but didn’t experience, 2=Yes, Feared and experienced, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q60D Question: In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence? [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? An armed attack by political or religious extremists. Variable Label: Q60d. Feared violence by extremists Values: 0-2, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, never, 1=Yes, Feared, but didn’t experience, 2=Yes, Feared and experienced, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7. Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Only asked in countries experiencing violence by armed extremist groups.

Question Number: Q61A Question: In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Keep our country safe from external and internal security threats? Variable Label: Q61a. Armed forces protect from security threats Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often, 5=Always, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q61B Question: In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Get the training and equipment needed to be effective? Variable Label: Q61b. Armed forces get necessary resources Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often, 5=Always, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q61C Question: In your opinion, to what extent do the armed forces of our country: Operate in a professional manner and respect the rights of all citizens Variable Label: Q61c. Armed forces are professional and respectful to citizens Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often, 5=Always, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was asked to read out options.

Question Number: Q62 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Even if faced with threats to public security, people should be free to move about the country at any time of day or night. Statement 2: When faced with threats to public security, the government should be able to impose curfews and set up special roadblocks to prevent people from moving around. Variable Label: Q62. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with Neither [Do not read], 9=Don’t know [Do not read], 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Prior to the main question, interviewer said: “Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Some people say that, in order to enjoy security from violence in our society, we must limit the amount of freedom that citizens are allowed to enjoy. Others say that political liberty is too important to sacrifice and must always be maintained, even if it threatens the security of the country.”

Question Number: Q63 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Government should be able to monitor private communications, for example on mobile phones, to make sure that people are not plotting violence. Statement 2: People should have the right to communicate in private without a government agency listening to what they are saying. Variable Label: Q63. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with Neither [Do not read], 9=Don’t know [Do not read], 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q64 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: Freedom of religion and worship are absolute, meaning that government should never limit what is said in a place of worship. Statement 2: Government should have the power to regulate what is said in places of worship, especially if preachers or congregants threaten public security. Variable Label: Q64. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with Neither [Do not read], 9=Don’t know [Do not read], 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q65 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Our country should be governed primarily by religious law. Statement 2: Our country should be governed only by civil law. Variable Label: Q65. Country governed by religious law vs secular law Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with Neither [Do not read], 9=Don’t know [Do not read], 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in half of the sample in Kenya, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”

Question Number: Q66 Question: In your opinion, how easy or difficult is it for people in [West/Southern/East/North/Central] Africa to cross international borders in order to work or trade in other countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Variable Label: Q66. Difficulty to move across borders Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Very Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q67 Question: During the past three years, have you or anyone in your household gone to live in another country outside [ENTER COUNTRY] for more than three months? Variable Label: Q67. Lived outside country Values: 0,1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q68A Question: How much, if at all, have you considered to moving to another country to live? Variable Label: Q68. Considered emigration to other country Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all 1=A little bit, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Note: Interviewer was instructed to skip to Q71 if respondent answered, “Not at all.”

Question Number: Q68B Question: How much planning or preparation have you done in order to move to another country to live? Variable Label: Q68b. Planned emigration to other country Values: 0-2, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=You are not currently making any specific plans or preparations, 1=You are planning to move in the next year or two but not yet making preparations, 2=You are currently making preparations to move, like getting a visa, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 7=Not applicable if the response to Q68A was 0=Not at all.

Question Number: Q69 Question: If you were to move to another country, where would you be most likely to go? [Read out options] Variable Label: Q69. Most likely country for emigration Values: 1-10, 97, 98, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Most prominent destination country in region, 2=Another country in the region, 3=Elsewhere in Africa, 4=Europe, 5=North America (i.e., USA or Canada), 6=Central/South America, 7=Middle East, 8=Asia, 9=Australia, 10=Outside of Africa (place not specified) 99=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 97=Not applicable [If response to Q68 was 0=Not at all], 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 97=Not applicable if the response to Q68A was 0=Not at all.

Question Number: Q70 Question: There are several reasons why people leave their home to live in another country for an extended period of time. What about you? What is the most important reason why you would consider moving from [ENTER COUNTRY]? Variable Label: Q71. Most important reason for emigrating Values: 1-18, 9997, 9999, -1 Value Labels: 1=Find work/better job/better work opportunities, 2=Economic hardship, 3=Lower taxes at destination, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Poor infrastructure/services, 6=Better business prospects, 7=Natural disasters, including drought, disease outbreaks, flooding, etc., 8=Better democratic environment/personal freedom/human rights/civil liberties, 9=Political persecution, 10=Religious persecution, 11=Civil war/threat of civil war/violent conflicts, 12=Crime, or personal/family insecurity, 13=Better schools for children, 14=Better medical services for family, 15=To pursue an education, 16=To accompany family members who are moving for work, 17=To join spouse/family members who have already migrated, 18=Travel/tourism/adventure/experience other cultures, 9995=Some other answer, 9997=Not Applicable, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 9997=Not applicable if the response to Q68A was 0=Not at all.

Question Number: Q70OTHER Question: There are several reasons why people leave their home to live in another country for an extended period of time. What about you? What is the most important reason why you would consider moving from [ENTER COUNTRY]? Variable Label: Q70other. Most important reason for emigrating (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 9997=Not applicable if the response to Q68A was 0=Not at all.

Question Number: Q71 Question: In your experience, would you say climate conditions for agricultural production in your area have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same over the last 10 years or haven’t you heard enough to say?

Variable Label: Q71. Climate conditions compared to ten years ago Values: 0-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No experience, 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=About the same 4=Better 5=Much better, 9= Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q72A Question: In your experience, over the past 10 years, has there been any change in the severity of the following events in the area where you live? Have they become more severe, less severe, or stayed about the same? Droughts? Variable Label: Q72a. Severity of droughts Values: 1- 5, 9, 8, 99 Value Labels:1=Much more severe,2=Somewhat more severe,3=Stayed the same,4=Somewhat less severe,5=Much less severe, 9=Don't Know[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q72B Question: In your experience, over the past 10 years, has there been any change in the severity of the following events in the area where you live? Have they become more severe, less severe, or stayed about the same? Flooding? Variable Label: Q72b. Severity of flooding Values: 1- 5, 9, 8, 99 Value Labels: 1=Much more severe, 2=Somewhat more severe, 3=Stayed the same, 4=Somewhat less severe, 5=Much less sever, 9=Don't Know[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, - 1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q73A Question: Have you heard about climate change or haven’t you had the chance to hear about this yet? Variable Label: Q73a. Heard about climate change Values: 0-1, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, I haven’t had the chance to hear about it, 1=Yes, 9= Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to skip to Q77 if respondent answered, “No.”

Question Number: Q73B Question: What does the phrase “climate change” mean to you? Variable Label: Q73b. Climate change: meaning Values: 1-3, 7 ,9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Negative changes in the weather like more droughts, floods, or extreme heat, 2=Positive changes in the weather, like better rainfall patterns or longer growing seasons, 3=Other changes in weather patterns, 7=Not applicable [If response to Q73 was 0=No], 9= Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 7=Not applicable if the response to Q73A was 0=No.

Question Number: Q74 Question: People have different ideas about what causes climate change. What about you, which of the following do you think is the main cause of climate change, or haven't you heard enough to say? Variable Label: Q74. Climate change: main cause Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Human Activity, like burning fuel and other activities that pollute the atmosphere, 2=Natural processes, 3=Both human activity and natural processes [Do not read], 4=None of these [Do not

read], 7=Not applicable [If response to Q73 was 0=No], 9= Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to code from response and to circle 7=Not applicable if the response to Q73A was 0=No.

Question Number: Q75 Question: Do you think climate change is making life in [ENTER COUNTRY] better or worse, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Variable Label: Q75. Climate change: affecting country Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much better, 2=Somewhat better, 3=Neither/no change/about the same, 4= Somewhat worse, 5=Much worse, 7=Not applicable [If response to Q73 was 0=No], 9= Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country,-1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Interviewer was instructed to circle 7=Not applicable if the response to Q73A was 0=No.

Question Number: Q76 Question: Do you think that climate change needs to be stopped? [If yes] How much do you think that ordinary [ENTER NATIONALITY] can do to stop climate change? Variable Label: Q76. Climate change needs to be stopped? By ordinary people? Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, climate change doesn’t need to be stopped, 1=Yes, Ordinary [ENTER NATIONALITY] can do nothing at all, 2=Yes, Ordinary [ENTER NATIONALITY] can do a little bit, 3=Yes, Ordinary [ENTER NATIONALITY] can do a lot ,7=Not applicable [If response to Q73 was 0=No] 9=Don't Know[DNR], 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to circle 7=Not applicable if the response to Q73A was 0=No.

Question Number: Q77A Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say? In our country today, girls and boys have equal opportunities to get an education. Variable Label: Q77a. Girls and boys have equal chance at education Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q77B Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say? In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to earn an income. Variable Label: Q77b. Women and men have equal chance to earn income Values: 1-5, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: 77C Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say? In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to get a job that pays a wage or salary. Variable Label: Q77c. Women and men have equal chance of paying job Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q77D Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t you heard enough to say? In our country today, women and men have equal opportunities to own and inherit land. Variable Label: Q77d. Women and men have equal chance to own/inherit land Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q78A Question: Please tell me for each of the following actions whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified? For parents to use physical force to discipline their children? Variable Label: Q78a. Justified for parents to physically discipline children Values: 1-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never justified, 2=Sometimes justified, 3=Always justified, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q78B Question: Please tell me for each of the following actions whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified? For a man to beat his wife? Variable Label: Q78b. Justified for men to beat their wives Values: 1-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never justified, 2=Sometimes justified, 3=Always justified, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q84 Question: Let us get back to talking about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? Variable Label: Q84. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Values: 1, 100-110, 140-156, 158-161, 164, 180-199, 220-222, 224, 226, 228-229,260-263, 265, 267-278, 300-312, 340-355, 380-395, 420-438, 460-468, 470-471, 500-518, 540-553, 555, 557-558, 560, 580-594, 620-637, 640-649, 660-668, 701-713, 740-801, 820-847, 849, 851-852, 870, 900-907, 930-944, 1100-1107, 1140-1160, 1220-1230, 1232, 1234-1264, 1300-1306, 1500-1505, 1620-1621, 1660-1716, 1740-1750, 2221-2230, 2740-2746, 9990, 9998- 9999, 9995, 9996, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 100=Adja, 101=Bariba, 102=Dendi, 103=Fon, 104=Otamari, 105=Lopka, 106=Peulh, 107=Yoruba, 108=Waama, 109=Yom, 110=Gourmantché, 140=Mokgatla, 141=Mokwena, 142=Mongwato, 143=Mongwaketse, 144=Motlokwa, 145=Moherero, 146=Morolong, 147=Mosarwa, 148=Mokalaka/Mokalanga, 149=Mosubeya, 150=Motawana, 151=Mokgalagadi, 152=Moyeyi/Moyei, 153=Mohurutshe, 154=Mokhurutshe, 155=Mmirwa, 156=Mongologa, 158=Mombukushu, 159=Molete, 160=Motswapong, 161=Motlharo, 164=Motalaote, 180=Mossi, 181=Dioula, 182=Peuhl, 183=Gourmatche, 184=Gourounsi, 185=Bissa, 186=Bobo, 187=Birifor, 188=Dagari, 189=Lobi, 190=Samo, 191=Sénoufo, 192=Bwaba, 193=Goin, 194=Yanan, 195=Marka, 196=Kassena, 197=Sonraï, 198=TOUSSIAN, 199=DAFIN, 220=Related to regional origin (badio/sampadjudo), 221=African, 222=American or European, 224=Related to Gender, 226=Related to Religion, 228=Related to Race, 229=Related to political-partisan affiliation, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Adangbe, 263=Dagomba, 265=Mamprusi, 267=Kusaal, 268=Kotokoli, 269=Konkomba, 270=Hausa, 271=Gonja, 272=Frafra, 273=Builsa, 274=Kusasi, 275=Krobo, 276=Dagaati, 277=Dagaare, 278=Dagaaba, 300=Kikuyu, 301=Luo, 302=Luhya, 303=Kamba, 304=Kalenjin, 305=Kisii, 306=Meru/Embu, 307=Masai/Samburu, 308=MijiKenda, 309=Taita, 310=Somali, 311=Pokot, 312=Turkana, 340=Mokoena, 341=Motaung, 342=Mohlakoana / Motebang, 343=Mofokeng, 344=Mosiea, 345=Motsoeneng, 346=Motloung, 347=Lephuthing, 348=Mophuthi, 349=Motlokoa, 350=Letebele,

351=Lekholokoe, 352=Lekhoakhoa, 353=Mokubung, 354=Mothepu, 355=Mokhatla, 380=Bassa, 381=Belle, 382=Dei, 383=Gbandi, 384=Gio, 385=Gola, 386=Grebo, 387=Kissi, 388=Kpelle, 389=Krahn, 390=Kru, 391=Lorma, 392=Mandingo, 393=Mano, 394=Mende, 395=Vai, 420=Antakarana, 421=Antandroy, 422=Antanosy, 423=Antefasy, 424=Antembahoaka, 425=Antemoro, 426=Antesaka, 427=Bara, 428=Betsileo, 429=Betsimisaraka, 430=Bezanozano, 431=Mahafafly, 432=Merina, 433=Sakalava, 434=Sihanaka, 435=Tanala, 436=Tsimiety, 437=Vezo, 438=Masikoro, 460=Tumbuka, 461=Nkhonde, 462=Lambya, 463=Chewa, 464=Yao, 465=Ngoni, 466=Lomwe, 467=Mang’anja, 468=Sena, 470=Senga, 471=Tonga, 500=Arabe, 501=Bambara, 502=Bella, 503=Bobo, 504=Bozo, 505=Dogon, 506=Haoussa, 507=Kakolo, 508=Khassonké, 509=Malinké, 510=Maure, 511=Minianka, 512=Mossi, 513=Peulh / Fulfude, 514=Samogo, 515=Senufo, 516=Soninké / Sarakollé, 517=Sonrhaï, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Makua, 541=Ndau, 542=Sena, 543=Changana, 544=Nyanja, 545=Chope, 546=Bitonga, 547=Makonde, 548=Chuabo, 549=Ajaua, 550=Lomue, 551=Xitswa, 552=Shona, 553=Ronga, 555=Manhungue, 557=Cinyungue, 558=Chichewa, 560=Manhaua, 580=Wambo, 581=Herero, 582=Caprivian, 583=Kavango (Rukwangali, Rumanyo, Hambukushu), 584=German, 585=Afrikaaner, 586=English, 587=Portuguese, 588=Nama, 589=Damara, 590=Lozi, 591=Subia, 592=Coloured, 593=Tswana, 594=Baster, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 623=Efik, 624=Ebira, 625=Fulani, 626=Isoko, 627=Ibibio, 628=Kanuri, 629=Tiv, 630=Nupe, 631=Ijaw, 632=Edo, 633=Igala, 634=Urhobo, 635=Idoma, 636=Itsekiri, 637=Ikwere, 640=Kalabari, 641=Birom, 642=Shuwa-Arab, 643=Jukun, 644=Gwari, 645=Aten, 646=Higgi, 647=Kurama, 648=Ogoni, 649=Waja, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 663=Mandinka/Bambara, 664=Soninke, 665=Diola, 666=Manjack, 667=Bainouk, 668=Lebou, 701=Afrikaans / Afrikaner / Boer, 702=Ndebele, 703=Xhosa, 704=Pedi/North Sotho, 705=Sotho/South Sotho, 706=Tswana, 707=Shangaan / Tsonga, 708=Swazi, 709=Venda, 710=Zulu, 711=White / European, 712=Coloured, 713=Indian, 740=Mnyakyusa, 741=Mchaga, 742=Mhaya, 743=Mngoni, 744=Mkwere, 745=Mpare, 746=Mhehe, 747=Mmakonde, 748=Mnyamwezi, 749=Msukuma, 750=Mmasai, 751=Mmeru, 752=Mkurya, 753=Mgogo, 754=Mluguru, 755=Mfipa, 756=Mmanyema, 757=Mnyiramba, 758=Mnyaturu, 759=Mbena, 760=Mdigo, 761=Mjaluo, 762=Mjita, 763=Mkaguru, 764=Mkerewe, 765=Mkinga, 766=Mmakuwa, 767=Mmatengo, 768=Mmatumbi, 769=Mmwera, 770=Mndali, 771=Mndendeule, 772=Mndengereko, 773=Mngindo, 774=Mnyambo, 775=Mnyamwanga, 776=Mnyiha, 777=Mpogoro, 778=Mrangi, 779=Msambaa, 780=Muganda, 781=Munyankole, 782=Munyoro, 783=Musoga, 784=Mugishu, 785=Mukhonjo, 786=Munyole, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 791=Madi, 792=Japhadhola, 793=Musamia, 794=Mugwere, 795=Mukiga, 796=Mutooro, 797=Langi, 798=Sabini, 799=Karamajong, 800=Kakwa, 801=Mufumbira, 820=Bemba, 821=Nyanja, 822=Tonga, 823=Lozi, 824=Chewa, 825=Nsenga, 826=Tumbuka, 827=Kaonde, 828=Luvale, 829=Namwanga, 830=Lunda, 831=Bisa, 832=Nkoya, 833=Mambwe, 834=Lenje, 835=Ngoni, 836=Soli, 837=Ila, 838=Ushi, 839=Chokwe, 840=Mbunda, 841=Kunda, 842=Lala, 843=Lamba, 844=Lungu, 845=Nyika, 846=Senga, 847=Tokaleya, 849=Ngumbo, 851=Tabwa, 852=Goba, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 862=Zezuru, 863=Korekore, 864=Karanga, 865=Manyika, 866=Ndau, 867=Venda, 868=Kalanga, 869=Tonga, 870=Buja, 900=Afro-Mauritian (Creole), 901=Chinese, 902=Euro- Mauritian (white), 903=Hindu, 904=Muslim, 905=Marathi, 906=Tamil, 907=Telegu, 930=Creole, 931=Fulla, 932=Kissi, 933=Kono, 934=Kru, 935=Kuranko, 936=Limba, 937=Loko, 938=Madingo, 939=Mende, 940=Sherbro, 941=Susu, 942=Temne, 943=Vai, 944=Yalunka, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zarma/Songhay, 1102=Fulfuldé, 1103=Tamasheq, 1104=Kanouri, 1106=Arabe, 1107=Toubou, 1140=Ewé, 1141=Mina (Guen), 1142=Kabyè, 1143=Tem (Kotokoli), 1144=Ben (Moba), 1145=Nawdem (Losso), 1146=Lama (Lamba), 1147=Ifè (Ana), 1148=Ikposso (Akposso), 1149=N’Tcha (Bassar), 1150=Adja, 1151=Akébou, 1152=Gourma, 1153=Konkomba, 1154=Ngam-Gam, 1155=Tchamba, 1156=Fon, 1157=Ouatchi, 1159=Haoussa, 1160=Tchokossi (Anoufom), 1220=Beti, 1221=Bamiléké, 1222=Sawa, 1223=Haoussa, 1224=Nso, 1225=Bakweri, 1226=Bassa, 1227=Gbaya, 1228=Arabe choua, 1229=Bafia, 1230=Bafut, 1232=Bakundu, 1234=Balikumbat, 1235=Bamoun, 1236=Bangwa, 1237=Batanga, 1238=Batibo, 1239=Bayangi, 1240=Daba, 1241=Dii, 1242=Fali, 1243=Guider, 1244=Guiziga, 1245=Hina, 1246=Kapsiki, 1247=Kotoko, 1249=Mafa, 1250=Maka, 1251=Mandara, 1252=Mankon, 1253=Massa, 1254=Mbamois, 1255=Mbo, 1256=Mboum, 1257=Moudan, 1258=Mousgoum, 1259=Njikwa, 1260=Akan, 1261=Krou, 1262=Mandé du Nord, 1263=Mandé du Sud, 1264=Gur (Voltaïque), 1300=Malinké, 1301=Guérzé, 1302=Kissien, 1303=Peulh, 1304=Sossou, 1305=Toma, 1306=Mano, 1500=Arabic, 1501=Rifi, 1502=Soussi, 1503=Chalh, 1504=Sahraoui, 1505=Mountain, 1620=Shangaan, 1621=Zulu, 1660=Related to social groups (Foros, Angulares, Cabo-verdianos, Principenses), 1661=Africans, 1662=American ou European, 1663=Related to age, 1664=Related to gender, 1665=Related to the job, 1666=Related to religian, 1667=Related to social classes, 1668=Related to race, 1669=Related to political party affiliation, 1700=Fang, 1701=Punu/Mériè, 1702=Kota, 1703=Mbédè, 1704=Nzébi/Métié, 1705=Myénè, 1706=Tsogho, 1707=Kélé, 1708=Bakanigui, 1709=Baloumbou, 1710=Bateke, 1711=Bavungu, 1712=Eshira, 1713=Masangu, 1714=Nzebi, 1715=Obamba, 1716=Vili, 1740=Mandinka, 1741=Jahanka, 1742=Fula, Tukulor or Lorobo, 1743=Wolof, 1744=Jola, 1745=Karoninka, 1746=Serahuleh, 1747=Serer, 1748=Manjago,

1749=Bambara, 1750=Creole or Aku Marabout, 2221=Peule, 2222=Tikari, 2223=Toupouri, 2224=Wimbum, 2225=Yamba, 2226=Mousgoum, 2227=Banen, 2228=Bulu, 2229=Fulfulde, 2230=Djimi, 2740=Mshirazi, 2741=Mtumbatu, 2742=Muha, 2743=Muiraki, 2744=Myao, 2745=Mzaramo, 2746=Mziguo, 9990=Doesn’t think of self in those terms, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know, 9995=Other, 9996=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer entered respondent’s exact response. If respondent did not identify any group on this question – that is, if they “Refused to answer” (9998), said “Don’t know” (9999), or “[ENTER NATIONALITY] only” (9990) – then the interviewer marked “Not applicable” for questions Q85A-Q85B and continued to question 86.

Question Number: Q84OTHER Question: Let us get back to talking about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? Variable Label: Q84other. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Interviewer entered respondent’s exact response. If respondent did not identify any group on this question – that is, if they “Refused to answer” (9998), said “Don’t know” (9999), or “[ENTER NATIONALITY] only” (9990) – then the interviewer marked “Not applicable” for questions Q85A-Q85B and continued to question 86.

Question Number: Q85A Question: How often, if ever, are ______s [R’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government? Variable Label: Q85. Ethnic group treated unfairly Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer entered respondent’s exact response. If respondent did not identify any group on this question – that is, if they “Refused to answer” (9998), said “Don’t know” (9999), or “[ENTER NATIONALITY] only” (9990) – then the interviewer marked “Not applicable” for questions Q85A-Q85B and continued to question 86.

Question Number: Q85B Question: Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a [ENTER NATIONALITY] and being a ______[R’s Ethnic Group]. Which of the following best expresses your feelings? Variable Label: Q85b. Ethnic or national identity Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 8, 99, -1 Value Labels: 1=I feel only (R’s ethnic group), 2=I feel more (R’s ethnic group) than [ENTER NATIONALITY], 3=I feel equally [ENTER NATIONALITY] and (R’s ethnic group), 4=I feel more [ENTER NATIONALITY] than (R’s ethnic group), 5=I feel only [ENTER NATIONALITY], 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Interviewer entered respondent’s exact response. If respondent did not identify any group on this question – that is, if they “Refused to answer” (9998), said “Don’t know” (9999), or “[ENTER NATIONALITY] only” (9990) – then the interviewer marked “Not applicable” FOR questions Q85A-Q85B and continued to question 86.

Question Number: Q86A Question: In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your gender? Variable Label: Q86a. Experienced discrimination based on gender Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: In some countries the question asked if the respondent had been “discriminated against or harassed”. Refer to country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q86B Question: In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your religion? Variable Label: Q86b. Experienced discrimination based on religion Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: In some countries the question asked if the respondent had been “discriminated against or harassed”. Refer to country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q86C Question: In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Your ethnicity? Variable Label: Q86c. Experienced discrimination based on ethnicity Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: In some countries the question asked if the respondent had been “discriminated against or harassed”. Refer to country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q86D Question: In the past year, how often, if at all, have you personally been discriminated against based on any of the following: Any disability you might have? Variable Label: Q86d. Experienced discrimination based on disability Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 7=Not applicable (no disability), 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: In some countries the question asked if the respondent had been “discriminated against or harassed”. Refer to country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q87A Question: For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People of different religion. Variable Label: Q87a. Neighbours: people of different religion Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly dislike 2=Somewhat dislike, 3=Would not care, 4=Somewhat like, 5=Strongly like, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q87B Question: For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People from other ethnic groups. Variable Label: Q87b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly dislike 2=Somewhat dislike, 3=Would not care, 4=Somewhat like, 5=Strongly like, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q87C Question: For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Homosexuals. Variable Label: Q87c. Neighbours: homosexuals Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly dislike 2=Somewhat dislike, 3=Would not care, 4=Somewhat like, 5=Strongly like, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q87D Question: For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Immigrants or foreign workers. Variable Label: Q87d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers Values: 1-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly dislike 2=Somewhat dislike, 3=Would not care, 4=Somewhat like, 5=Strongly like, 9=Don`t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.

Question Number: Q88A Question: Do you feel close to any particular political party? Variable Label: Q88a. Close to political party Values: 0-1, 8, 9, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, not close to any party, 1=Yes, feels close to a party, 8=Refused to answer, 9=Don’t know, 99=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q88B Question: Which party is that? Variable Label: Q88b. Which party Values: 100-106, 140-144, 146, 180-182, 184-185, 187-193, 220-221, 226-227, 261-265, 267, 300-309, 340-349, 352-354, 380-410, 422, 424-425, 428-429, 432-435, 437-438, 440-441, 443, 461-464, 467, 471, 474, 500-503, 505- 517, 540-544, 580, 582-585, 587-594, 620-626, 631, 634, 638-640, 642-643, 660-665, 669, 671- 672, 674, 677-679, 684-686, 700, 702, 704-705, 708, 711-712, 716, 726, 740-742, 744, 476, 758, 780-782, 784, 788, 790-791, 821, 823, 825-828, 860-864, 866-867, 900-904, 906, 908-909, 930-943, 1100-1111, 1140-1145, 1148-1151, 1220-1224, 1260- 1263, 1265-1266, 1268-1269, 1300-1308, 1500-1508, 1540-1546, 1580-1589, 1660-1664, 1700-1704, 1740-1748, 9995, 9997-9999, 9996, -1 Value Labels: 100=Nouveau Départ, 101=Union fait la Nation (UN), 102=Renaissance du Bénin (RB), 103=Parti du Renouveau Démocratique (PRD), 104=Force Cauris pour un Bénin Emergent (FCBE), 105=Alliance ABT, 106=PIK-Nouvelle conscience, 140=Botswana Congress Party (BCP), 141=Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), 142=Botswana Movement For Democracy (BMD), 143=Botswana National Front (BNF), 144=Botswana People’s Party (BPP), 146=Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC+), 180=ADF/RDA (Alliance pour la démocratie et la fédération/Rassem, 181=CDP (Congrès pour la démocratie et le progrès) de Achille TA, 182=Le Faso Autrement de Ablassé OUEDRAOGO, 184=MPP (Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès) de Roch Marc Chris, 185=NAFA (Nouvelle Alliance du Faso) de Rasmané OUEDRAOGO, 187=ODT (Organisation pour la Démocratie et le Travail) de Maham, 188=PAREN (Parti de la Renaissance Nationale) de Laurent BADO, 189=PDS/Metba (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) de Phi, 190=RDS (Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) de O, 191=UBN (Union pour un Burkina Nouveau) de Djemdjoada Amadou DIC, 192=UNIR/PS (Union pour la renaissance/Parti sankariste) de Me B, 193=UPC (Union pour le Progrès et le Changement) de Zéphirin DIA, 220=Movement for Democracy (MPD), 221=African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), 226=Cape Verdean Union Independent and Democratic (UCID), 227=Popular Party (PP), 260=Convention People’s Party (CPP), 261=National Democratic Congress (NDC), 262=New Patriotic Party (NPP), 263=People’s National Convention (PNC), 264=Progressive People’s Party (PPP), 265=Democratic People’s Party (DPP), 267=National Democratic Party (NDP), 300=Kenya Social Congress (KSC), 301=NARC Kenya, 302=Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), 303=Restore and Build Kenya (RBK), 304=SAFINA party, 305=The National Alliance (TNA), 306=United Democratic Front (UDF), 307=United Republican Party (URP), 308=Wiper Democratic Movement (WDM-K),

309=Jubilee Alliance Party (JAP)/Jubilee Party, 340=Democratic Congress (DC), 341=All Basotho Convention (ABC), 342=Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD), 343=Basotho National Party (BNP), 344=Popular Front for Democracy (PFD), 345=National Independent Party (NIP), 346=Lesotho People’s Congress (LPC), 348=Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP), 349=Basotho Congress Party (BCP), 352=Alliance of Democrats (AD), 353=Movement for Economic Change (MEC), 354=Reformed Congress of Lesotho (RCL), 382=Alliance of Peace and Democracy (APD) – UPP & LPP, 383=National Democratic Coalition (NDC), 384=Liberty Party (LP), 386=Unity Party (UP), 387=National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), 389=Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC), 393=All Liberia Coalition Party (ALCOP), 394=Liberia Reconstruction Party (LRP), 395=National Union for Democratic Progress (NUDP), 400=Victory for Change (VCP), 408=All Liberian Party (ALP), 409=People Unification Party (PUP), 410=Alternative National Congress (ANC), 422=AME (Antoko Miombon’Ezaka), 424=AREMA (Antokin’ny REvolisiona Malagasy), 425=AVI (Asa Vita no Ifampitsarana), 428=LEADER FANILO (Libéralisme Economique et Action DEmocratique pour la Réconciliation ), 429=Mahaleo tena, 432=MDM (Miara Mientana ho an’ny Demokrasia), 433=MONIMA (MOuvement National pour l’Indépendance de Madagascar), 434=MTS (Malagasy Tonga Saina), 435=RPSD-Vaovao (Rassemblement pour la Social Démocratie), 437=TGV (Tanora malaGasy Vonona), 438=TIM (Tiako i Madagasikara), 440=MAPAR (Miaraka Amin’ny Prezida Andry Rajoelina), 441=HVM (Hery Vaovao ho an’I Madagasikara), 443=MMM (Malagasy Miara-Miainga), 461=Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), 462=Malawi Forum for Unity and Development (MAFUNDE), 463=Malawi Congress Party (MCP), 464=National Salvation Front (NSF), 467=People’s Party (PP), 471=United Democratic Front (UDF), 474=United Independent Party (UIP), 500=ADEMA – PASJ / Dionkounda Traoré / Tiémoko Sangaré, 501=ADP – Maliba / Boubacar Diallo, 502=ASMA – CFP / Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga, 503=CDS – Mogo Tigiya / Mamadou Blaise Sangaré, 505=CNID – Faso Yiriwa Ton / Mountaga Tall, 506=CODEM / Ousséni Amion Guindo ou Poulô, 507=FARE – An Ka Wuli / Modibo Sidibé, 508=MIRIA / mamdou Kassa Traoré, 509=MPR / Choguel Kokala Maïga, 510=PARENA / Tiébilé Dramé, 511=PDES / ATT, 512=RPM / Ibrahim Boubacar Kéïta ou IBK, 513=SADI / Oumar Mariko / Cheick Oumar Sissoko, 514=UDD / Tiéman Hubert Coulibaly, 515=UM-RDA / Badara Aliou Macalou, 516=URD / Soumaïla Cissé, 517=YELEMA / Moussa Mara, 540=Frelimo (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), 541=Renamo (Resistência Nacional Moçambicana), 542=MDM (Movimento Democrático Moçambicano), 543=PDD (Partido para Paz, Democracia e Desenvolvimento), 580=APP (All People’s Party), 582=COD (Congress of Democrats), 583=DPN (Democratic Party of Namibia), 584=DTA (DTA of Namibia), 585=MAG (Monitor Action Group), 587=NEFF (Namibia Economic Freedom Fighters), 588=NUDO (National Unity Democratic Organisation of Namibia), 589=RDP (Rally for Democracy and Progress), 590=RP (Republican Party of Namibia, 591=SWANU (Swanu of Namibia), 592=SWAPO (SWAPO Party of Namibia), 593=UDF (United Democratic Front of Namibia), 594=UPM (United People’s Movement), 620=Advanced Congress of Democrats (ACD), 621=All Progressive Congres (APC), 622=Alliance for Democracy (AD), 623=African Democratic Congress (ADC), 624=All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP), 625=All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA), 626=All People’s Party (APP), 628=Conscience People’s Congress (CPC), 631=Democratic People’s Party (DPP), 634=Labour Party (LP), 638=People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 639=Progressive People’s Alliance (PPA), 640=Peoples Progressive Party (PPP), 642=People’s Salvation Party (PSP), 643=Social Democratic Mega Party, 660=Abdoulaye WADE (Parti Démocratique Sénégalais), 661=Ousmane Tanor DIENG (Parti Socialiste), 662=Moustapha NIASSE (Alliance des Forces du Progrès), 663=Macky SALL (Alliance Pour la République), 664=Idrissa SECK (REWMI), 665=Diégane SENE (Union pour le Renouveau Démocratique), 669=JEF JEL, 671=Abdoulaye BALDE (UCS), 672=Malick GAKOU (Grand Parti), 674=Serigne Mansour SY DJAMIL (Beuss du Niak), 677=Abdoul MBAYE (ACT), 678=Ousmane SONKO (Pastef), 679=Macky SALL (Benno Book Yakaar, 684=Serigne Modou KARA MBACKE (Parti de la vérité pour le dévelo, 685=El Hadji Issa SALL (PUR), 686=Khalifa SALL (Manko Taxawou Sénégal), 700=African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), 702=African National Congress (ANC), 704=Congress of the People (COPE), 705=Democratic Alliance (DA), 708=Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), 711=New National Party / Nuwe Nasionale Party (NNP), 712=Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), 716=Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), 726=National Freedom Party (NFP), 740=Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM), 741=The Civic United Front (CUF), 742=Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), 744=National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR – MAGEUZI), 746=United People’s Democratic Party (UPDP), 758=Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT- Wazalendo), 780=National Resistance Movement [NRM], 781=Forum for Democratic Change [FDC], 782=Democratic Party [DP], 784=Uganda Peoples Congress [UPC], 788=The Justice Forum (JEEMA), 790=Go Foward, 791=Uganda Farmers Party, 821=Forum for Democracy & Development (FDD), 823=Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), 825=National Restoration Party (NAREP), 826=Patriotic Front (PF), 827=United National Independence Party (UNIP), 828=United Party for National Development (UPND), 860=Movement for Democratic Change- Tsvangirai [MDC-T], 861=Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front [ZANU-PF], 862=Movement for Democratic Change –Mutambara [MDC-M],

863=Mavambo. Kusile. Dawn [MKD] – Simba Makoni, 864=Zimbabwe African People’s Union- Dabengwa [ZAPU-Dabengwa], 866=MDC People’s Democratic Party [Tendai Biti], 867=Zimbabwe People First [ZIMPF] – Joice Mujuru, 900=Mouvement Socialiste Mauricien, 901=Mouvement Liberateur (ML), 902=Parti Mauricien Social Democrate, 903=Parti Travailliste, 904=Mouvement Millitant Mauricien, 906=Front Solidarité Mauricien (FSM), 908=Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais (OPR), 909=Mouvement Rodriguais (MR), 930=Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP), 931=All People’s Congress (APC), 932=People’s Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC), 933=National Democratic Alliance (NDA), 936=Coalition for Change Party (C4C), 937=National Grand Coalition (NGC), 1100=Alliance Nigérienne pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (ANDP Zaman Lahiya), 1101=Convention Démocratique et Sociale (CDS Rahama), 1102=Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement (MNSD Nassara), 1103=Mouvement Démocratique Nigérien pour une Fédération Africaine (MODEN FA Lumana), 1104=Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme (PNDS Tarayya), 1105=Parti Nigérien pour l’Auto gestion (PNA Al’Oumat, 1106=Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (RDP Jama’a), 1107=Rassemeblement Social Démocrate (RSD Gaskia), 1108=Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social (UDPS Amana), 1109=Mouvement Patriotique Nigérien (MPN-Kishin Kassa), 1110=MPR Jamhouriya, 1111=Ingantchi, 1140=UNIR (Union pour la République) de Faure Essozimna Gnassingb, 1141=UFC (Union des Forces de Changement) de Gilchrist Olympio, 1142=ANC (Alliance Nationale pour le Changement) de Jean-Pierre F, 1143=CAR (Comité d’Action pour le Renouveau) de Me Yaovi Agboyibo, 1144=CDPA (Convention Démocratique des Peuples Africains) du Prof, 1145=PRR (Parti du Renouveau et de la Rédemption) de Nicolas Laws, 1148=ADDI (Alliance des Démocrates pour le Développement Intégral, 1149=CST (Collectif « Sauvons le Togo »), 1150=Arc-en-Ciel, 1151=PNP (Parti National Panafricain de Tikpi Atchadam), 1220=Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement (CPDM), 1221=Social Democratic Front (SDF), 1222=National Union For Democracy and Progress (UNDP), 1223=Union Démocratique du Cameroun (UDC), 1224=Mouvment for Progressiste (MP), 1260=Rassemblement des Républicains (RDR, 1261=Parti Démocratique de Cote d’Ivoire (PDCI), 1262=Front Populaire Ivoirien (FPI), 1263=Union pour la Démocratie et pour la Paix en Cote d’Ivoire (U, 1265=Mouvement des Forces d’Avenir (MFA), 1266=Parti Ivoirien des Travailleurs (PIT), 1268=Union Pour la Cote d’Ivoire (UPCI), 1269=RHDP, 1300=Rassemblement du Peuple de Guinée (RPG), 1301=Union des Forces Démocratiques de Guinée (UFDG), 1302=Union des Forces Républicaines (UFR), 1303=Parti de l’Espoir pour le Développement National (PEDN), 1304=Union pour le Progrès de la Guinée (UPG), 1305=Rassemblement pour le Développement Intégré de la Guinée (RDIG), 1306=Bloc Libéral (BL), 1307=Union Démocratique de Guinée (UDG), 1308=Dadis, 1500=The Justice and Development Party (PJD), 1501=The Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM), 1502=Istiqlal Party (PI), 1503=The National Rally of Independents (RNI), 1504=The Popular Movement (MP), 1505=Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USSP), 1506=The Constitutional Union (UC), 1507=Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), 1508=Social and Democratic Movement (MDS), 1540=National Congress Party, 1541=Umma party, 1542=Democratic Unionist Party, 1543=Popular Congress Party, 1544=Communist Party, 1545=Sudanese congress Party, 1546=National Movement for Reform and Development, 1580=Nidaa Tounes, 1581=Ennahdha, 1582=The Free Patriotic Union, 1583=The Popular Front, 1584=Afek tounes, 1585=Tunisia Al Irada Movement (Hirak), 1586=The initiative, 1587=The people’s Movement, 1588=The democratic current, 1589=Machrou3=Tounes, 1660=Acção Democrática e Independente (ADI), 1661=Movimento para a Libertação de S. Tomé e Príncipe (MLSTP/PSD), 1662=Partido da Convergência Democrática (PCD), 1663=Movimento para a Mudança e Progresso do Príncipe, 1664=União Democrática dos Cidadãos para a Mudança e Desenvolvimento (UDD), 1700=PDG (Parti Démocratique Gabonais), 1701=UN (Union Nationale), 1702=UPG (Union du Peuple Gabonais), 1703=CLR (Centre des Libéraux Réformateurs), 1704=DN (Démocratie Nouvelle), 1740=Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), 1741=Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC), 1742=National Reconciliation Party (NRP), 1743=People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), 1744=People's Progressive Party (PPP), 1745=Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress (GPDP), 1746=National Convention Party (NCP), 1747=Gambia Moral Congress (GMC), 1748=United Democratic Party (UDP), 9995=Other, 9997=Not applicable, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know, 9996=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q88BOTHER Question: Which party is that? Variable Label: Q88bother. Which party (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q89A Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Radio? Variable Label: Q89a. Own radio Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3

Question Number: Q89B Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Television? Variable Label: Q89b. Own television Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3

Question Number: Q89C Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Motor vehicle or motorcycle? Variable Label: Q89c. Own motor vehicle, car, or motorcycle Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3

Question Number: Q89D Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Computer? Variable Label: Q89d. Own computer Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q89E Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Bank account? Variable Label: Q89e. Own bank account Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q89F Question: Which of these things do you personally own? [If no, ask:] Does anyone else in your household own one: Mobile phone? Variable Label: Q89f. Own mobile phone Values: 0-2, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one in household owns, 1=Yes, someone else in household owns, 2=Yes, personally owns, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 3

Question Number: Q90 Question: [If yes to owning a mobile phone] Does your phone have access to the internet? Variable Label: Q90. Mobile phone access to internet Values: 0-1, 7, 9, 8, -1

Value Labels: 0=No, does not have Internet access), 1=Yes, has Internet access, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q91A Question: How often do you use: A mobile phone? Variable Label: Q91a. How often use a mobile phone Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q91B Question: How often do you use: The Internet? Variable Label: Q91b. How often use the internet Values: 0-4, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q92A Question: Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your compound: your main source of water for household use? Variable Label: Q92a. Source of water for household use Values: 1-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Inside the house, 2=Inside the compound, 3=Outside the compound, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 4

Question Number: Q92B Question: Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your compound: A toilet or latrine? Variable Label: Q92b. Location of toilet or latrine Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, no latrine available, 1=Inside the house, 2=Inside the compound, 3=Outside the compound, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q93 Question: Do you have an electric connection to your home from the mains? [If yes] How often is the electricity actually available from this connection? Variable Label: Q93. Electric connection from mains Values: 0-5, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No mains electric supply or connection to the home, 1=Never, 2=Occasionally, 3=About half of the time, 4=Most of the time, 5=All of the time, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Note: Interviewer was instructed to not ask this question if it was 100% clear that there was no electricity supply to the home, e.g., in an unserved rural area.

Question Number: Q94 Question: Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [If yes, ask] Is it full-time or part-time? [If no, ask:] Are you presently looking for a job? Variable Label: Q94. Employment status Values: 0-3, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, not looking, 1=No, looking, 2=Yes, part time, 3=Yes, full time, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Question Number: Q95A Question: What is your main occupation? [If unemployed, retired, or disabled, ask:] What was your last main occupation? Variable Label: Q95a. Occupation of respondent Values: 0-12, 95, 99, 98, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never had a job, 1=Student, 2=Housewife/homemaker, 3=Agriculture/farming/fishing/forestry, 4=Trader/hawker/vendor, 5=Retail/shop , 6=Unskilled manual worker (e.g., cleaner, laborer, domestic help, unskilled manufacturing worker), 7=Artisan or skilled manual worker (e.g., trades like electrician, mechanic, machinist or skilled manufacturing worker), 8=Clerical or secretarial, 9=Supervisor/foreman/senior manager, 10=Security services (police, army, private security), 11=Mid-level professional (e.g., teacher, nurse, mid-level government officer), 12=Upper-level professional (e.g., banker/finance, doctor, lawyer, engineer, accountant, professor, senior-level government officer), 95=Other, 99=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q95B Question: Do you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or for government? Variable Label: Q95b. Employer of respondent Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Works for self, 2=Private sector, 3=Non-Governmental organizations or civil society sector, 4=Government, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to ask this question only if the response to Q95A was not 0=Never had a job, 1=Student, or 2=Housewife/homemaker and to select 7=Not applicable if it was.

Question Number: Q95C Question: What is the main way that decisions are made about how to use any money that you have or earn, for example from a job, a business, selling things or other activities? Variable Label: Q95c. Who decides how money is used Values: 1- 7, 9, 8, -1 Value Labels: 1=You make the decisions yourself, 2=Your spouse makes the decisions, 3=You make the decisions jointly with your spouse, 4=You make the decisions jointly with other family members,5=Other family members make the decisions without you, 6=None of the above / Some other response 7=Not applicable, no earnings, 9=Don’t know, 8=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q96A Question: Who is the head of this household, that is the person who has primary responsibility for making decisions on behalf of the household? Variable Label: Q96a. Head of household Values: 1-12, 98, 99 Value Labels: 1=You(respondent), 2=Respondent's spouse, 3=Respondent's father, 4=Respondent's mother, 5=Respondent's son, 6=Respondent's daughter, 7=Respondent's grandfather, 8=Respondent's grandmother, 9=Another male relative,10=Another female relative,11=Someone else,12=More than one person,99=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7

Question Number: Q96B Question: What is the main occupation of the head of the household? [If unemployed, retired or disabled, ask:] What was his/her last main occupation? Variable Label: Q96b. Occupation of head of household Values: 0-12, 95, 99, 98, 97, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never had a job, 1=Student, 2=Housewife/homemaker, 3=Agriculture/farming/fishing/forestry, 4=Trader/hawker/vendor, 5=Retail/shop , 6=Unskilled manual worker (e.g., cleaner, laborer, domestic help, unskilled manufacturing worker), 7=Artisan or skilled manual worker (e.g., trades like electrician, mechanic, machinist or skilled manufacturing worker), 8=Clerical or secretarial, 9=Supervisor/foreman/senior Manager, 10=Security services (police, army, private security), 11=Mid-level

professional (e.g., teacher, nurse, mid-level government officer), 12=Upper-level professional (e.g., banker/finance, doctor, lawyer, engineer, accountant, professor, senior-level government officer), 95=Other, 99=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, 97=Not applicable, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Note: Interviewer was instructed to ask this question only if the response to Q96A was not 1=You (respondent) or 99=Don’t know and to select 97=Not applicable if it was.

Question Number: Q97 Question: What is your highest level of education? Variable Label: Q97. Education of respondent Values: 0-9, 99,98, -1 Value Labels: 0=No formal schooling, 1=Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling), 2=Some primary schooling, 3=Primary school completed, 4=Intermediate school or Some secondary school / high school, 5=Secondary school / high school completed, 6=Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college, 7=Some university, 8=University completed, 9=Post- graduate, 99=Don’t know [Do not read], 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q98 Question: What is your religion, if any? Variable Label: Q98. Religion of respondent Values: 0-34, 100-101, 181, 220, 260, 460, 500, 540-541, 620, 660, 700, 740, 742-745, 821-824, 860, 931, 1100, 1220, 1620-1622, 1660, 1662, 1700-1702, 460, 9995, 9998-9999, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Christian only, 2=Roman Catholic, 3=Orthodox, 4=Coptic, 5=Anglican, 6=Lutheran, 7=Methodist, 8=Presbyterian, 9=Baptist, 10=Quaker / Friends, 11=Mennonite, 12=Evangelical, 13=Pentecostal, 14=Independent, 15=Jehovah’s Witness, 16=Seventh Day Adventist, 17=Mormon, 18=Muslim only, 19=Sunni only, 20=Ismaeli, 21=Mouridiya Brotherhood, 22=Tijaniya Brotherhood, 23=Qadiriya Brotherhood, 24=Shia, 25=Traditional / ethnic religion, 26=Hindu, 27=Bahai, 28=Agnostic, 29=Atheist, 30=Dutch Reformed, 31=Calvinist, 32=Church of Christ, 33=Zionist Christian Church, 34=Jewish, 100=Céleste, 101=Vodou, 181=Wahhabia, 220=Church of the Nazarene, 260=Apostolic Church, 460=Last Church, 500=Ansar Dine, 540=New Apostolic Church, 541=Assembly of God, 620=Izala, 660=Confrérie Layenne, 700=Apostolic/ New Apostolic/ Old Apostolic, 740=Ismaeli, 742=Evangelical Assemblies of God, 743=Moravian, 744=Pentecoste, 745=Tanzania Assemblies of God, 821=CMML, 822=New Apostolic Church, 823=UCZ, 824=United Church of Zambia, 860=Apostolic Church, 931=Hisbulah Mission, 1100=Izala, 1220=Protestant, 1620=Nazarene, 1621=Jericho, 1622=Apostle, 1660=New Apostolic, 1661=Maná, 1662=Aprofundamento da vida Christa, 1700=Alliance Chretienne, 1701=Eglise de Reveil, 1702=Protestante, 9995=Other, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know, -1=Missing Source: SAB

Question Number: Q98OTHER Question: What is your religion, if any? Variable Label: Q98OTHER. Religion of respondent (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB

Question Number: Q99 Question: If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? Variable Label: Q99. Vote for which party Values: Values: 100-107, 140-146, 180-189, 192-193, 220-221, 224-227, 260-264, 267-268, 301-309, 340-349, 352- 354, 380-410, 422, 424-425, 428-429, 433-438, 440-441, 443, 461-463, 465, 467-471, 474, 500-517, 540-544, 580, 582-594, 620-626, 628, 630, 633-634, 637-638, 640, 643, 660-665, 669-672, 674, 677-679, 684-686, 700, 702, 704- 709, 711-714, 716, 721, 726, 728, 740-742, 744, 754, 757-758, 780-782, 784, 788, 790-791, 821, 823, 825-828, 830- 832, 860-864, 866-867, 900-911, 930-943, 1100-1107, 1109-1111, 1140-1151, 1220-1224, 1260-1263, 1265-1266, 1268-1269, 1300-1308, 1500-1508, 1540-1546, 1580-1589, 1660-1664, 1700-1704, 1740-1748, 9995, 9997-9999, 9996, -1 Value Labels: 100=Nouveau Départ, 101=Union fait la Nation (UN), 102=Renaissance du Bénin (RB), 103=Parti du Renouveau Démocratique (PRD), 104=Force Cauris pour un Bénin Emergent (FCBE), 105=Alliance ABT, 106=PIK-Nouvelle conscience, 107=Sebastien Ajavon, 140=Botswana Congress Party

(BCP), 141=Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), 142=Botswana Movement For Democracy (BMD), 143=Botswana National Front (BNF), 144=Botswana People’s Party (BPP), 145=Marx Engels Lenin Stalin (MELS), 146=Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC+), 180=ADF/RDA (Alliance pour la démocratie et la fédération/Rassem, 181=CDP (Congrès pour la démocratie et le progrès) de Achille TA, 182=Le Faso Autrement de Ablassé OUEDRAOGO, 183=MDA (Mouvement pour la Démocratie en Afrique) de Amadou TALL, 184=MPP (Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès) de Roch Marc Chris, 185=NAFA (Nouvelle Alliance du Faso) de Rasmané OUEDRAOGO, 186=NTD (Nouveau Temps pour la Démocratie) de Vincent DABILGOU, 187=ODT (Organisation pour la Démocratie et le Travail) de Moïse, 188=PAREN (Parti de la Renaissance Nationale) de Laurent BADO, 189=PDS/Metba (Parti pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) de Phi, 192=UNIR/PS (Union pour la renaissance/Parti sankariste) de Me B, 193=UPC (Union pour le Progrès et le Changement) de Zéphirin DIA, 220=Movement for Democracy (MPD), 221=African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), 224=Democratic Socialist Party (PSD), 225=Party of Labour and Solidarity (PTS), 226=Cape Verdean Union Independent and Democratic (UCID), 227=Popular Party (PP), 260=Convention People’s Party (CPP), 261=National Democratic Congress (NDC), 262=New Patriotic Party (NPP), 263=People’s National Convention (PNC), 264=Progressive People’s Party (PPP), 267=National Democratic Party (NDP), 268=All People’s Party (APC), 301=NARC Kenya, 302=Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), 303=Restore and Build Kenya (RBK), 304=SAFINA party, 305=The National Alliance (TNA), 306=United Democratic Front (UDF), 307=United Republican Party (URP), 308=Wiper Democratic Movement (WDM-K), 309=Jubilee Alliance Party (JAP)/Jubilee Party, 340=Democratic Congress (DC), 341=All Basotho Convention (ABC), 342=Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD), 343=Basotho National Party (BNP), 344=Popular Front for Democracy (PFD), 345=National Independent Party (NIP), 346=Lesotho People’s Congress (LPC), 347=Basotho Democratic National Party (BDNP), 348=Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP), 349=Basotho Congress Party (BCP), 352=Alliance of Democrats (AD), 353=Movement for Economic Change (MEC), 354=Reformed Congress of Lesotho (RCL), 380=National Reformation Party (NRP), 382=Alliance of Peace and Democracy (APD) – UPP & LPP, 383=National Democratic Coalition (NDC), 384=Liberty Party (LP), 386=Unity Party (UP), 387=National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), 389=Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC), 393=All Liberia Coalition Party (ALCOP), 395=National Union for Democratic Progress (NUDP), 398=Movement for Progressive Change (MPC), 399=Original Congress Party (OCP), 401=Majority Party of Liberia (MAPOL), 408=All Liberian Party (ALP), 409=People Unification Party (PUP), 410=Alternative National Congress (ANC), 422=AME (Antoko Miombon’Ezaka), 424=AREMA (Antokin’ny REvolisiona Malagasy), 425=AVI (Asa Vita no Ifampitsarana), 428=LEADER FANILO (Libéralisme Economique et Action DEmocratique pour la Réconciliation ), 429=Mahaleo tena, 433=MONIMA (MOuvement National pour l’Indépendance de Madagascar), 437=TGV (Tanora malaGasy Vonona), 438=TIM (Tiako i Madagasikara), 440=MAPAR (Miaraka Amin’ny Prezida Andry Rajoelina), 441=HVM (Hery Vaovao ho an’I Madagasikara), 443=MMM (Malagasy Miara-Miainga), 461=Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), 462=Malawi Forum for Unity and Development (MAFUNDE), 463=Malawi Congress Party (MCP), 465=New Rainbow Coalition Party (NARC), 467=People’s Party (PP), 468=People’s Progressive Movement (PPM), 469=People’s Transformation Party (PETRA), 470=Republican Party (RP), 471=United Democratic Front (UDF), 474=United Independent Party (UIP), 500=ADEMA – PASJ / Dionkounda Traoré / Tiémoko Sangaré, 501=ADP – Maliba / Boubacar Diallo, 502=ASMA – CFP / Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga, 503=CDS – Mogo Tigiya / Mamadou Blaise Sangaré, 504=CNAS – Faso Hèrè / Soumana Sako, 505=CNID – Faso Yiriwa Ton / Mountaga Tall, 506=CODEM / Ousséni Amion Guindo ou Poulô, 507=FARE – An Ka Wuli / Modibo Sidibé, 508=MIRIA / mamdou Kassa Traoré, 509=MPR / Choguel Kokala Maïga, 510=PARENA / Tiébilé Dramé, 511=PDES / ATT, 512=RPM / Ibrahim Boubacar Kéïta ou IBK, 513=SADI / Oumar Mariko / Cheick Oumar Sissoko, 514=UDD / Tiéman Hubert Coulibaly, 515=UM-RDA / Badara Aliou Macalou, 516=URD / Soumaïla Cissé, 517=YELEMA / Moussa Mara, 540=Frelimo (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), 541=Renamo (Resistência Nacional de Moçambique), 542=MDM (Movimento Democrático Moçambicano), 580=APP (All People’s Party), 582=COD (Congress of Democrats), 583=DPN (Democratic Party of Namibia), 584=DTA (DTA of Namibia), 585=MAG (Monitor Action Group), 586=NDP (National Democratic Party), 587=NEFF (Namibia Economic Freedom Fighters), 588=NUDO (National Unity Democratic Organisation of Namibia), 589=RDP (Rally for Democracy and Progress), 590=RP (Republican Party of Namibia, 591=SWANU (Swanu of Namibia), 592=SWAPO (SWAPO Party of Namibia), 593=UDF (United Democratic Front of Namibia), 594=UPM (United People’s Movement), 620=Advanced Congress of Democrats (ACD), 621=All Progressive Congres (APC), 622=Alliance for Democracy (AD), 623=African Democratic Congress (ADC), 624=All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP), 625=All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA), 626=All People’s Party (APP), 628=Conscience People’s Congress (CPC), 630=Democratic Alternative (DA), 633=Fresh Democratic Party (FDP), 634=Labour Party (LP), 637=New Democrats (ND), 638=People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 640=Peoples Progressive Party (PPP), 643=Social Democratic Mega Party, 660=Abdoulaye WADE (Parti Démocratique Sénégalais),

661=Ousmane Tanor DIENG (Parti Socialiste), 662=Moustapha NIASSE (Alliance des Forces du Progrès), 663=Macky SALL (Alliance Pour la République), 664=Idrissa SECK (REWMI), 665=Diégane SENE (Union pour le Renouveau Démocratique), 669=JEF JEL, 670=Nicolas NDIAYE (Ligue Démocratique), 671=Abdoulaye BALDE (UCS), 672=Malick GAKOU (Grand Parti), 674=Serigne Mansour SY DJAMIL (Beuss du Niak), 677=Abdoul MBAYE (ACT), 678=Ousmane SONKO (Pastef), 679=Macky SALL (Benno Book Yakaar, 684=Serigne Modou KARA MBACKE (Parti de la vérité pour le dévelo, 685=El Hadji Issa SALL (PUR), 686=Khalifa SALL (Manko Taxawou Sénégal), 700=African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), 702=African National Congress (ANC), 704=Congress of the People (COPE), 705=Democratic Alliance (DA), 706=Freedom Front Plus/ Vryheidsfront Plus (VF Plus), 707=Independent Democrats (ID), 708=Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), 709=Minority Front (MF), 711=New National Party / Nuwe Nasionale Party (NNP), 712=Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), 713=United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP), 714=United Democratic Movement (UDM), 716=Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), 721=First Nation Liberation Alliance, 726=National Freedom Party (NFP), 728=Patriotic Alliance, 740=Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), 741=The Civic United Front (CUF), 742=Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), 744=National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR-Mageuzi), 754=Democratic Party (DP), 757=Sauti ya Umma (SAU)Other, 758=Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT-Wazalendo), 780=National Resistance Movement [NRM], 781=Forum for Democratic Change [FDC], 782=Democratic Party [DP], 784=Uganda Peoples Congress [UPC], 788=The Justice Forum (JEEMA), 790=Go Foward, 791=Uganda Farmers Party, 821=Forum for Democracy & Development (FDD), 823=Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), 825=National Restoration Party (NAREP), 826=Patriotic Front (PF), 827=United National Independence Party (UNIP), 828=United Party for National Development (UPND), 830=Peoples Party (PP), 831=Green Party, 832=United Peoples Party (UPP), 860=Movement for Democratic Change-Tsvangirai [MDC-T], 861=Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front [ZANU-PF], 862=Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara [MDC-M], 863=Mavambo.Kusile.Dawn [MKD] – Simba Makoni, 864=Zimbabwe African People’s Union –Dabengwa [ZAPU-Dabengwa ], 866=MDC Renewal Team/People’s Democratic Party [Tendai Biti], 867=Zimbabwe People First [ZPF] – Joice Mujuru, 900=Mouvement Socialiste Mauricien (MSM), 901=Mouvement Liberateur (ML), 902=Parti Mauricien Social Democrate (PMSD), 903=Parti Travailliste, 904=Mouvement Millitant Mauricien (MMM), 905=Mouvement Patriotique (MP), 906=Front Solidarité Mauricien (FSM), 907=Reform Party, 908=Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais (OPR), 909=Mouvement Rodriguais (MR), 910=Front Patriotique Rodriguais (FPR), 911=Rezistans ek Alternativ, 930=Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP), 931=All People’s Congress (APC), 932=People’s Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC), 933=National Democratic Alliance (NDA), 935=Alliance Democratic Party (ADP), 936=Coalition for Change Party (C4C), 937=National Grand Coalition (NGC), 1100=Alliance Nigérienne pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (ANDP Zaman Lahiya), 1101=Convention Démocratique et Sociale (CDS Rahama), 1102=Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement (MNSD Nassara), 1103=Mouvement Démocratique Nigérien pour une Fédération Africaine (MODEN FA Lumana), 1104=Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme (PNDS Tarayya), 1105=Parti Nigérien pour l’Auto gestion (PNA Al’Oumat, 1106=Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (RDP Jama’a), 1107=Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social (UDPS Amana, 1109=Mouvement Patriotique Nigérien (MPN-Kishin Kassa), 1110=MPR Jamhouriya, 1111=Ingantchi, 1140=UNIR (Union pour la République) de Faure Essozimna Gnassingb, 1141=UFC (Union des Forces de Changement) de Gilchrist Olympio, 1142=ANC (Alliance Nationale pour le Changement) de Jean-Pierre F, 1143=CAR (Comité d’Action pour le Renouveau) de Me Yaovi Agboyibo, 1144=CDPA (Convention Démocratique des Peuples Africains) du Prof, 1145=PRR (Parti du Renouveau et de la Rédemption) de Nicolas Laws, 1146=OBUTS (Organisation pour Bâtir dans l’Union un Togo Solidair, 1147=UDPS (Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social), 1148=ADDI (Alliance des Démocrates pour le Développement Intégral, 1149=CST (Collectif « Sauvons le Togo »), 1150=Arc-en-Ciel, 1151=PNP (TIKPI ATCHADAM), 1220=Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement (CPDM), 1221=Social Democratic Front (SDF), 1222=National Union For Democracy and Progress (UNDP), 1223=Union Démocratique du Cameroun (UDC), 1224=Mouvement pour la renaissance du Cameroun (MRC), 1260=Rassemblement des Républicains ( RDR), 1261=Parti Démocratique de Cote d’Ivoire (PDCI), 1262=Front Populaire Ivoirien (FPI), 1263=Union pour la Démocratie et pour la Paix en Cote d’Ivoire (U, 1265=Mouvement des Forces d’Avenir (MFA), 1266=Parti Ivoirien des Travailleurs (PIT), 1268=Union pour la Cote d’Ivoire (UPCI), 1269=RHDP, 1300=Rassemblement du Peuple de Guinée (RPG), 1301=Union des Forces Démocratiques de Guinée (UFDG), 1302=Union des Forces Républicaines (UFR), 1303=Parti de l’Espoir pour le Développement National (PEDN), 1304=Union pour le Progrès de la Guinée (UPG), 1305=Rassemblement pour le Développement Intégré de la Guinée (RDIG), 1306=Bloc Libéral (BL), 1307=Union Démocratique de Guinée (UDG), 1308=DADIS, 1500=The Justice and Development Party (PJD), 1501=The Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM), 1502=Istiqlal Party (PI), 1503=The National Rally of Independents (RNI), 1504=The Popular Movement (MP), 1505=Socialist Union of

Popular Forces (USSP), 1506=The Constitutional Union (UC), 1507=Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), 1508=Social and Democratic Movement (MDS), 1540=National Congress Party, 1541=Umma party, 1542=Democratic Unionist Party, 1543=Popular Congress Party, 1544=Communist Party, 1545=Sudanese congress Party, 1546=National Movement for Reform and Development, 1580=Nidaa Tounes, 1581=Ennahdha, 1582=The Free Patriotic Union, 1583=The Popular Front, 1584=Afek tounes, 1585=Tunisia Al Irada Movement (Hirak), 1586=The initiative, 1587=The people’s Movement, 1588=The democratic current, 1589=Machrou3=Tounes, 1660=Acção Democrática e Independente (ADI), 1661=Movimento para a Libertação de S. Tomé e Príncipe (MLSTP/PSD), 1662=Partido da Convergência Democrática (PCD), 1663=Movimento para a Mudança e Progresso do Príncipe, 1664=União Democrática dos Cidadãos para a Mudança e Desenvolvimento (UDD), 1700=PDG (Parti Démocratique Gabonais), 1701=UN (Union Nationale), 1702=UPG (Union du Peuple Gabonais), 1703=CLR (Centre des Libéraux Réformateurs), 1704=RPG (Rassemblement Pour le Gabon), 1740=Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), 1741=Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC), 1742=National Reconciliation Party (NRP), 1743=People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), 1744=People's Progressive Party (PPP), 1747=Gambia Moral Congress (GMC), 1748=United Democratic Party (UDP), 9995=Other, 9997=Would not Vote, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don’t know, 9996=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing Source: Zambia 96 Notes: For countries without direct election of president, the question text was modified to refer to “national elections.” See country questionnaires for details.

Question Number: Q99OTHER Question: If presidential elections were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? Variable Label: Q99OTHER. Vote for which party (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Zambia 96

Question Number: Q100 Question: Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? Variable Label: Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Values: 0-10, 95, 98-99, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one, 1=“Afrobarometer” or [i.e., the correct response], 2=Research Company / Organization / Programme [but not AB or correct national partner], 3=Non-government or religious organization, 4=University / School / College, 5=Private company, 6=Media, 7=Political party or politician, 8=Government (including any government official, government agency or ministry or any other part of government named by the respondent), 9=International organization or another country, 10=God, 95=Other, 98=Refused to answer, 99=Don’t know, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer entered verbatim response

Question Number: ENDTIME Question: Time interview ended Variable Label: Time interview ended Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered hour and minute, 24-hour clock

Question Number: LENGTH Question: Length of interview Variable Label: Length of interview Note: Answered by interviewer in minutes

Question Number: Q101 Question: Respondent’s gender Variable Label: Q101. Gender of respondent Values: 1, 2, -1 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q102 Question: Respondent’s race Variable Label: Q102. Race of respondent Values: 1-6, 220, 9995, 9999 Value Labels: 1=Black/African, 2=White/European, 3=Colored/Mixed Race, 4=Arab/Lebanese/North African, 5=South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.), 6=East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.), 220=Cape Verdean, 9995=Other, 9998=Don’t Know Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q102OTHER Question: Respondent’s race Variable Label: Q102OTHER. Race of respondent (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q103 Question: What was the primary language used in the interview? Variable Label: Q103. Language of interview Values: 1-4, 100-106, 140, 180-183, 220, 260-264, 310, 340, 380, 420, 460-461, 501, 513, 516, 518, 540-544, 580- 583, 620-623, 660-662, 700-707, 780-784, 787-790, 793, 799, 820-824, 860-861, 900, 930-933, 1100-1103, 1140, 1142-1144, 1220-1222, 1301-1305, 1500-1501, 1540, 1580, 1620, 1660, 1740-1743, 9995 Value Labels: 1=English, 2=French, 3=Portuguese, 4=Kiswahili, 100=Adjagbé, 101=Baatonum, 102=Dendi, 103=Ditammari, 104=Fongbé, 105=Fulfuldé, 106=Yoruba, 140=Setswana, 180=Mooré, 181=Dioula, 182=Fulfuldé, 183=Gulmacema, 220=Crioulo, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Dangbe, 263=Dagbani, 264=Dagaare, 310=Somali, 340=Sesotho, 380=Liberian English, 420=Malagasy, 460=Chitumbuka, 461=Chichewa, 501=Bambara, 513=Peulh / Fulfulde, 516=Soninké, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Sena, 541=Ndau, 542=Changana, 543=Makua, 544=Xitswa, 580=Afrikaans, 581=Oshiwambo, 582=Otjiherero, 583=Rukwangali, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 623=Pidgin English, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 700=Afrikaans, 701=Xhosa, 702=Pedi/Spedi/North Sotho, 703=Sesotho/Sotho/South Sotho, 704=Setswana/Tswana, 705=Venda, 706=Zulu, 707=Siswati, 780=Luganda, 781=Runyankore-Rukiga, 782=Runyoro-Rutooro, 783=Lusoga, 784=Lumasaaba, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi/Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 793=Lusamia, 799=Ngakarimajong, 820=Chewa/Nyanja, 821=Bemba, 822=Tonga, 823=Kaonde, 824=Lozi, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 900=Creole, 930=Krio, 931=Mende, 932=Themne, 933=Limba, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zarma/Songhay, 1102=Fulfudé, 1103=Tamasheq, 1140=Ewé, 1142=Kabyè, 1143=Tem (Kotokoli), 1144=Ben (Moba), 1220=Foufouldé, 1221=Pidgin, 1222=Ewondo, 1301=Maninka, 1302=Kpèlè, 1303=Kissié, 1304=Poular, 1305=Sossou, 1500=Arabic, 1501=Amazigh, 1540=Sudanese Arabic, 1580=Tunisian Arabic, 1620=siSwati, 1660=Crioulo, 1740=Fula, 1741=Wolof, 1742=Jola, 1743=Mandinka, 9995=Other Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q103OTHER Question: What was the primary language used in the interview? Variable Label: Q103OTHER. Language of interview (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q104 Question: In what type of shelter does the respondent live? Variable Label: Q104. Type of shelter of respondent Values: 1-5, 7-8, -1 Value Labels: 1=Non-traditional/formal house, 2=Traditional house/hut, 3=Temporary structure/shack, 4=Flat in a block of flats, 5=Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard, 7=Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound, 8=Other, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5

Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q105 Question: What was the roof of the respondent’s home or shelter made of? Variable Label: Q105. Roof of respondent's home Values: 1-10, -1 Value Labels: 1=Metal, tin or zinc, 2=Tiles, 3=Shingles, 4=Thatch or grass, 5=Plastic sheets, 6=Asbestos, 7=Multiple materials, 8=Concrete, 9=Some other material, 10=Could not tell/could not see, -1=Missing Source: Afrobarometer Round 5 Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q106 Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? Variable Label: Q106. Others present Values: 1-5, -1 Value Labels: 1=No one, 2=Spouse only, 3=Children only, 4=A few others, 5=Small crowd, -1=Missing Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q107A Question: Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? Variable Label: Q107a. Check with others Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q107B Question: Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? Variable Label: Q017b. Influence by others Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Source: SAB99 Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q107C Question: Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? Variable Label: Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q107D Question: Did you feel threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Q107d. Feel threatened Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q107E Question: Were you physically threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Q107e. Physically threatened Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q108 Question: What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? Variable Label: Q108. Proportion difficulty answering Values: 0-4, 99, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Few, 2=Some, 3=Most, 4=All, 99=Not asked, -1=Missing Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110A Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: friendly, in between, or hostile? Variable Label: Q110a. Respondent friendly Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Friendly, 2=In between, 3=Hostile, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110B Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: interested, in between, or bored? Variable Label: Q110b. Respondent interested Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Interested, 2=In between, 3=Bored, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110C Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: cooperative, in between, or uncooperative? Variable Label: Q110c. Respondent cooperative Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Cooperative, 2=In between, 3=Uncooperative, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110D Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: patient, in between, or impatient? Variable Label: Q110d. Respondent patient Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Patient, 2=In between, 3=Impatient, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110E Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: at ease, in between, or suspicious? Variable Label: Q110e. Respondent at ease Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=At ease, 2=In between, 3=Suspicious, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q110F Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: honest, in between, or misleading?

Variable Label: Q110f. Respondent honest Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Honest, 2=In between, 3=Misleading, -1=Missing Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q112 Question: Interviewer’s number Variable Label: Q112. Interviewer’s number Values: BEN08, BEN14-BEN65, BFO02-BFO03, BFO06-BFO30, BOT11-BOT38, CAM05, CAM07-CAM30, CDI02, CDI04, CDI11-CDI50, CVE07-CVE30, GAB08-GAB35, GAM05-GAM20, GHA04-GHA05, GHA07, GHA09, GHA13-GHA57, GUI07-GUI30, KEN02, KEN05-KEN33, KEN35, LES05, LES07-LES30, LIB02-LIB03, LIB05, LIB07-LIB26, MAD02, MAD04-MAD05, MAD10, MAD12-MAD40, MAU06, MAU11-MAU14, MAU21-MAU24, MAU31-MAU34, MAU41-MAU44, MAU51-MAU54, MAU61-MAU64, MAU71-MAU74, MLI04, MLI06, MLI08-MLI31, MLW01-MLW02, MLW-MLW02, MLW04, MLW11-MLW50, MOR01, MOR03, MOR11-MOR14, MOR21-MOR24, MOR31-MOR35, MOR41-MOR45, MOR51-MOR55. MOZ02, MOZ05, MOZ08, MOZ16-MOZ19, MOZ21-MOZ66, NAM01-NAM02, NAM04, NAM06, NAM11-NAM14, NAM21-NAM24, NAM31-NAM34, NAM41-NAM45, NAM51-NAM54, NAM61- NAM64, NGR01-NGR02, NGR04-NGR25, NIG11-NIG12, NIG17-NIG85, SAF01-SAF07, SAF09-SAF12, SAF14, SAF16-SAF23, SAF31-SAF35, SAF41-SAF46, SAF51-SAF55, SAF61-SAF65, SAF68-SAF69, SAF72-SAF75, SAF81- SAF85, SAF91-SAF95, SEN06-SAN25, SRL01-SRL03, SRL05-SRL20, STP02-STP03, STP05-STP20, SUD02, SUD09-SUD40, SWZ02-SWZ04, SWZ10-SWZ33, TAN01-TAN34, TOG03, TOG07-TOG30, TUN05-TUN35, UGA12-UGA51, ZAM06, ZAM08, ZAM11-ZAM42, ZIM04, ZIM10, ZIM12-ZIM19, ZIM23-ZIM39 Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q113 Question: Interviewer’s age Variable Label: Q113. Interviewer’s age Values: 18-55, 58, 61 Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q114 Question: Interviewer’s gender Variable Label: Q114. Interviewer’s gender Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q115 Question: Do you come from a rural or urban area? Variable Label: Q115. Interviewer urban or rural Values: 1, 2, 3 Value Labels: 1=Rural, 2=Urban, 3=Semi-Urban Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q116 Question: Interviewer’s home language Variable Label: Q116. Interviewer’s home language Values: 1-4, 100-107, 112-114, 140, 144, 150, 180-185, 188, 220, 260-264, 30-305, 310, 340, 381-382, 386, 388- 389, 392, 396, 420-421, 460-461, 463, 465-466, 469, 471, 501, 503, 513, 516-518, 540, 543, 583-585, 588, 590, 620- 622, 628, 633-634, 638, 660, 661-665, 700-709, 741-742, 745, 752, 780-790, 797, 799, 820-823, 825, 830, 834, 837, 842, 860-862, 864-865, 872, 900, 930-932, 936, 939, 941, 1100-1101, 1103, 1140-1145, 1149-1150, 1157, 1220, 1222-1223, 1234, 1237, 1239, 1254, 1260, 1263-1270, 1272-1273, 1276-1277, 1283, 1300-1301, 1303-1306, 1500- 1503, 1540, 1580, 1620, 1700-1701, 1704, 1706, 1740-1743, 2223-2225, 9995

Value Labels: 1=English, 2=French, 3=Portuguese, 4=Swahili, 100=Adjagbé, 101=Baatonum, 102=Dendi, 103=Ditammari, 104=Fongbé, 105=Peulh, 106=Yoruba, 107=Lokpa, 112=Idaasha, 113=Idatcha, 114=Mahi, 140=Setswana, 144=Ikalanga/Sekalaka, 150=Afrikaans/Seburu, 180=Mooré, 181=Dioula, 182=Fulfudé, 183=Gulmacema, 184=Gourounsi, 185=Bissa, 188=Dagari, 220=Crioulo, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Dangbe, 264=Dagaare, 300=Kikuyu, 301=Luo, 302=Luhya, 303=Kamba, 304=Kalenjin, 305=Kisii, 310=Somali, 340=Sesotho, 381=Grebo, 382=Sapo, 386=Kpelle, 388=Mende, 389=Kissi, 392=Bassa, 396=Liberian Simple English, 420="Official" Malagasy, 421=Malagasy with regional dialect, 460=Chitumbuka, 461=Chinkhonde, 463=Chichewa, 465=Chingoni, 466=Chilomwe, 469=Chisukwa, 471=Chitonga, 501=Bambara, 503=Bobo, 513=Peulh / Fulfude, 516=Soninké / Sarakollé, 517=Sonrhaï, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Makua, 543=Changana, 583=Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama), 584=Otjiherero, 585=Rukwangali, 588=Silozi, 590=Masubia, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 628=Ibibio, 633=Edo, 634=Igala, 638=Ikwere, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 663=Mandinka/Bambara, 664=Soninke, 665=Diola, 700=Afrikaans, 701=Ndebele, 702=Xhosa, 703=Pedi/North Sotho, 704=Sotho/South Sotho, 705=Tswana, 706=Shangaan, 707=Swazi, 708=Venda, 709=Zulu, 741=Kichaga, 742=Kihaya, 745=Kipare, 752=Kikurya, 780=Luganda, 781=Runyankole, 782=Runyoro, 783=Lusoga, 784=Lumasaaba, 785=Lukhonjo, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 797=Langi, 799=Ngakarimajong, 820=Bemba, 821=Nyanja, 822=Tonga, 823=Lozi, 825=Nsenga, 830=Lunda, 834=Lenje, 837=Ila, 842=Lala, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 862=Zezuru, 864=Karanga, 865=Manyika, 872=Hwesa, 900=Creole, 930=Krio, 931=Mende, 932=Temne, 936=Fulla, 939=Madingo, 941=Susu, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zarma/Songhay, 1103=Tamasheq, 1140=Ewé, 1141=Mina (Guen), 1142=Kabyè, 1143=Tem (Kotokoli), 1144=Ben (Moba), 1145=Nawdem (Losso), 1149=N’Tcha (Bassar), 1150=Adja, 1157=Ouatchi, 1220=Foufouldé, 1222=Ewondo, 1223=Bafang, 1234=Bassa, 1237=Bula, 1239=Eton, 1254=Moudan, 1260=Abbey, 1263=Agny, 1264=Attié, 1265=Avikam, 1267=Baoulé, 1268=Bété, 1269=Dida, 1270=Godié, 1272=Guéré, 1273=Koulango, 1276=Malinké / Dioula, 1277=Sénoufo, 1283=Tagbana, 1300=Mano, 1301=Maninka, 1303=Kpèlè, 1304=Kissié, 1305=Poular, 1306=Sossou, 1500=Arabic, 1501=Moroccan Arabic, 1503=Amazigh, 1540=Sudanese Arabic, 1580=Arabic, 1620=siSwati, 1700=Fang, 1701=Punu/Mériè, 1704=Nzébi/Métié, 1706=Tsogho, 1740=Fula, 1741=Wolof, 1742=Jola, 1743=Mandinka, 2223=Bangou, 2224=Kotoko, 2225=Mbo, 9995=Other Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q116OTHER Question: Interviewer’s home language Variable Label: Q116OTHER. Interviewer’s home language (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q117 Question: Interviewer’s ethnic group or tribe Variable Label: Q117. Interviewer’s ethnic group or tribe Values: 1-7, 10-11, 13-14, 19, 23, 100-107, 112, 114, 140-143, 146, 151, 155, 159, 160, 180, 182, 183-185, 188-190, 220-221, 260-262, 300-305, 310, 313, 340-344, 346, 349-350, 382-391, 393-395, 423, 425-426, 428-430, 432, 434, 436, 460-461, 463-467, 470-471, 501, 503, 509, 513, 515-518, 540-548, 580-583, 590-591, 620-627, 632-633, 637, 644, 660-665, 669, 701-709, 711, 780-784, 787-790, 794, 797, 799, 820-821, 823-830, 833-835, 837, 842, 860-866, 872-874, 900, 903-904, 930-931, 933, 936, 938-939, 941-942, 944, 1100-1103, 1140-1142, 1144-1145, 1149, 1150, 1152, 1155, 1157, 1220, 1222-1223, 1233-1234, 1237, 1239, 1254-1255, 1260-1262, 1264, 1300-1305, 1500, 1502- 1504, 1620, 1660, 1662, 1664, 1700-1704, 1706, 1740, 1742-1744, 1747-1749, 2222-2227, 9990, 9995-9996, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 2=Mchaga, 3=Mhaya, 4=Mngoni, 5=Mkwere, 6=Mpare, 7=Mhehe, 10=Msukuma, 11=Mmasai, 13=Mkurya, 14=Mgogo, 19=Mnyaturu, 23=Other, 100=Adjagbé, 101=Baatonum, 102=Dendi, 103=Ditammari, 104=Fongbé, 105=Fulfuldé, 106=Yoruba, 107=Lokpa, 112=Idaasha, 114=Mahi, 140=Mokgatla, 141=Mokwena, 142=Mongwato, 143=Mongwaketse, 146=Morolong, 148=Mokalaka/Mokalanga, 151=Mokgalagadi, 155=Mmirwa, 159=Molete, 160=Motswapong, 180=Mossi, 182=Peuhl, 183=Gourmatche, 184=Gourounsi, 185=Bissa, 188=Dagari, 189=Lobi, 190=Samo, 220=Related to regional origin, 221=African, 260=Akan, 261=Ewe/Anlo, 262=Ga/Adangbe, 300=Kikuyu, 301=Luo, 302=Luhya, 303=Kamba, 304=Kalenjin, 305=Kisii, 310=Somali, 313=Suba, 340=Mokoena, 341=Motaung, 342=Mohlakoana / Motebang, 343=Mofokeng, 344=Mosiea, 346=Motloung, 349=Motlokoa, 350=Letebele, 382=Sapo, 383=Krahn, 384=Gio, 385=Mano, 386=Kpelle, 387=Lorma, 388=Mende, 389=Kissi, 390=Gbandi, 391=Mandingo, 393=Vai, 394=Gola, 395=Belle, 423=Antefasy, 425=Antemoro, 426=Antesaka, 428=Betsileo,

429=Betsimisaraka, 430=Bezanozano, 432=Merina, 434=Sihanaka, 436=Tsimiety, 460=Tumbuka, 461=Nkhonde, 463=Chewa, 464=Yao, 465=Ngoni, 466=Lomwe, 467=Mang’anja, 470=Senga, 471=Tonga, 501=Bambara, 503=Bobo, 509=Malinké, 513=Peulh / Fulfude, 515=Senufo, 516=Soninké / Sarakollé, 517=Sonrhaï, 518=Tamasheq, 540=Makua, 541=Ndau, 542=Sena, 543=Changana, 544=Nyanja, 545=Chope, 546=Bitonga, 547=Makonde, 548=Chuabo, 580=Wambo, 581=Herero, 582=Caprivian, 583=Kavango (Rukwangali, Rumanyo, Hambukushu), 590=Lozi, 591=Subia, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 623=Efik, 626=Isoko, 627=Ibibio, 632=Edo, 633=Igala, 637=Ikwere, 644=Gwari, 660=Wolof, 661=Pulaar/Toucouleur, 662=Serer, 663=Mandinka/Bambara, 664=Soninke, 665=Diola, 669=Lebu, 701=Ndebele, 702=Xhosa, 703=Pedi/ North Sotho, 704=Sesotho/ South Sotho, 705=Tswana, 706=Shangaan / Tsonga, 707=Swazi, 708=Venda, 709=Zulu, 711=Coloured, 780=Muganda, 781=Munyankole, 782=Munyoro, 783=Musoga, 784=Mugishu, 787=Ateso, 788=Acholi, 789=Alur, 790=Lugbara, 794=Mugwere, 797=Langi, 799=Karamajong, 820=Bemba, 821=Nyanja, 823=Lozi, 824=Chewa, 825=Nsenga, 826=Tumbuka, 827=Kaonde, 828=Luvale, 829=Namwanga, 830=Lunda, 833=Mambwe, 834=Lenje, 835=Ngoni, 837=Ila, 842=Lala, 860=Ndebele, 861=Shona, 862=Zezuru, 863=Korekore, 864=Karanga, 865=Manyika, 866=Ndau, 872=Hwesa, 873=Sotho, 874=Coloured, 900=Afro-Mauritian (Creole), 903=Hindu, 904=Muslim, 930=Creole, 931=Fulla, 933=Kono, 936=Limba, 938=Madingo, 939=Mende, 941=Susu, 942=Temne, 944=Yalunka, 1100=Haoussa, 1101=Zrama/Songhay, 1102=Fulfuldé, 1103=Tamasheq, 1140=Ewé, 1141=Mina (Guen), 1142=Kabyè, 1144=Ben (Moba), 1145=Nawdem (Losso), 1149=N’Tcha (Bassar), 1150=Adja, 1152=Gourma, 1155=Tchamba, 1157=Ouatchi, 1220=Foufouldé, 1222=Ewondo, 1223=Bafang, 1233=Banso, 1234=Bassa, 1237=Bula, 1239=Eton, 1254=Moudan, 1255=Ngueba, 1260=AKAN, 1261=KROU, 1262=Mandé du Nord, 1264=Gur (Voltaïque), 1300=Malinké, 1301=Guérzé, 1302=Kissien, 1303=Peulh, 1304=Sossou, 1305=Toma, 1500=Arab, 1502=Soussi, 1503=Chalh, 1504=Sahraoui, 1620=Swazi, 1660=Foros, 1662=Caboverdianos, 1664=Africanos, 1700=Fang, 1701=Punu/Mériè, 1702=Kota, 1704=Nzébi/Métié, 1706=Tsogho, 1740=Mandinka, 1742=Fula, Tukulor or Lorobo, 1743=Wolof, 1744=Jola, 1747=Serer, 1748=Manjago, 1749=Bambara, 2222=Bene, 2223=Bangou, 2224=Kotoko, 2225=Mbo, 2226=Ntoumou, 2227=Bakweri, 9990=National identity only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms”, 9995=Other, 9996=Not asked in the country, -1=Missing, 9995=Other, 9999=Don’t now Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: Q118 Question: Interviewer’s highest level of education Variable Label: Q118. Interviewer’s education Values: 3-9 Value Labels: 3=Primary school completed, 4=Some secondary/high school, 5=High school completed, 6=Post-secondary qualifications other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college, 7=Some university, 8=University, completed, 9=Post graduate Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer

Question Number: withinwt Variable Label: Within country weighting factor Note: The weighting variable adjusts the distribution of the sample based on individual selection probabilities (i.e. based on region, gender, urban-rural distribution, and size of household and enumeration area).

Appendix 1: Sample characteristics

Gender Weighted Unweighted

Male 49.9% 49.9% Female 50.0% 50.1% Missing 0.0% 0.0%

Location

Urban 42.8% 43.3%

Rural 55.5% 55.2% Semi-Urban 1.6% 1.4% Peri-Urban 0.1% 0.1%