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TX-004HR Vaginal Estradiol Has Negligible to Very Low Systemic Absorption of Estradiol

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TX-004HR Vaginal Estradiol Has Negligible to Very Low Systemic Absorption of Estradiol Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, The George Washington University Health Sciences Research Commons Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications Obstetrics and Gynecology 12-19-2016 TX-004HR vaginal estradiol has negligible to very low systemic absorption of estradiol. David F Archer Ginger D Constantine James A Simon George Washington University Harvey Kushner Philip Mayer See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/smhs_obgyn_facpubs Part of the Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Commons, Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons, and the Women's Health Commons APA Citation Archer, D., Constantine, G., Simon, J., Kushner, H., Mayer, P., Bernick, B., Graham, S., Mirkin, S., & REJOICE Study Group. (2016). TX-004HR vaginal estradiol has negligible to very low systemic absorption of estradiol.. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 24 (5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000790 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Obstetrics and Gynecology at Health Sciences Research Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Health Sciences Research Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors David F Archer, Ginger D Constantine, James A Simon, Harvey Kushner, Philip Mayer, Brian Bernick, Shelli Graham, Sebastian Mirkin, and REJOICE Study Group. This journal article is available at Health Sciences Research Commons: http://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/smhs_obgyn_facpubs/146 CE: M.S.; MENO-D-16-00223; Total nos of Pages: 7; MENO-D-16-00223 Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 000-000 DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000790 ß 2016 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., on behalf of The North American Menopause Society. All rights reserved. TX-004HR vaginal estradiol has negligible to very low systemic absorption of estradiol David F. Archer, MD,1 Ginger D. Constantine, MD,2 James A. Simon, MD,3 Harvey Kushner, PhD,4 Philip Mayer, PhD,5 Brian Bernick, MD,6 Shelli Graham, PhD,6 and Sebastian Mirkin, MD,6 on behalf of the REJOICE Study Group Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of TX-004HR vaginal estradiol softgel capsules when used for treating moderate-to-severe dyspareunia in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Methods: A substudy of the REJOICE trial (multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3) evaluated the pharmacokinetics of 4, 10, and 25-mg TX-004HR doses once/d for 2 weeks, followed by twice/wk for 10 weeks. Serum samples obtained at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 hours postdose on days 1 and 14, and once on day 84, were analyzed for area under the serum concentration-time curve, tmax, Cmin, Cavg, and Cmax for estradiol, estrone, and estrone conjugates. Results: Seventy-two women (mean 59 y) participated. TX-004HR 4 mg showed no statistical differences from placebo in estradiol pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. At 10 mg, estradiol Cmax was statistically higher than placebo on day 1, but was not different from placebo on day 14. With 25 mg, estradiol PK parameters were statistically higher than placebo. Estradiol Cavg values for 25 mg were 9.1 pg/mL on day 1 and 7.1 pg/mL on day 14. Estrone and estrone conjugate PK parameters with TX-004HR were lower than or similar to placebo across all doses. No drug accumulation was observed. Conclusions: Vaginal TX-004HR resulted in negligible to very low systemic absorption of estradiol. No statistical differences in estradiol PK parameters were observed on day 14 with 4 and 10 mg, and only minor increases were observed with 25 mg (within the normal postmenopausal range). This PK substudy, in conjunction with the primary efficacy results, demonstrated that TX-004HR provided local benefits of estradiol with limited systemic exposure. Key Words: Estradiol – Estrogen therapy – Menopause – Pharmacokinetics – TX-004HR – Vaginal atrophy. Received July 8, 2016; revised and accepted September 20, 2016. Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Novo Nordisk, Nuelle, Inc, Perrigo Company, PLC, From the 1Clinical Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Radius Health, Inc, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Roivant Sciences, Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; Inc, Sanofi S.A., Sermonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Shionogi Inc, Sprout 2EndoRheum Consultants, LLC, Malvern, PA; 3The George Washington Pharmaceuticals, Symbiotec Pharmalab, TherapeuticsMD; and has also University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; 4BioMedical Computer served (within the past year) or is currently serving on the speaker’s Research Institute, Inc, Philadelphia, PA; 5Independent Consultant, West bureaus of: Amgen Inc, Eisai, Inc, Merck, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc Chester, PA; and 6TherapeuticsMD, Boca Raton, FL. (New York, NY), Novo Nordisk, Shionogi Inc; and in the last year has Funding/support: TherapeuticsMD sponsored the study and funded the received or is currently receiving grant/research support from: AbbVie, medical writing support provided by Jolene Mason, PhD and Dominique Inc, Actavis, PLC, Agile Therapeutics, Bayer Healthcare LLC, New Verlaan, PhD of Precise Publications, LLC. England Research Institute, Inc, Novo Nordisk, Palatin Technologies, Symbio Research, Inc, TherapeuticsMD; and is a stockholder (direct Financial disclosure/conflicts of interest: Dr Archer (within the past purchase) in Sermonix Pharmaceuticals. Dr Bernick is a board member 3 years) has received research support from Actavis (previously Allergan, and an employee of TherapeuticsMD with stock/stock options. Watson Pharmaceuticals, Warner Chilcott), Bayer Healthcare, Endoceu- Dr Graham and Dr Mirkin are employees of TherapeuticsMD with tics, Glenmark, Merck (previously Schering Plough, Organon), Radius stock/stock options. Health, Shionogi Inc, and TherapeuticsMD; has served as consultant to Abbvie (previously Abbott Laboratories), Actavis (previously Allergan, Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations Watson Pharmaceuticals, Warner Chilcott), Agile Therapeutics, Bayer appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of Healthcare, Endoceutics, Exeltis (previously CHEMO), Ferring Pharma- this article on the journal’s Website (www.menopause.org). ceuticals, InnovaGyn, Merck (previously Schering Plough, Organon), Address correspondence to: David F. Archer, MD, Professor, Obstetrics Pfizer, Radius Health, Sermonix Pharmaceuticals, Shionogi, Inc, Teva and Gynecology Director, Clinical Research Center, Eastern Virginia Women’s Healthcare, and TherapeuticsMD; and has received Speakers’ Medical School, 601 Colley Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23507-1912. Bureau honorarium for Ascend Therapeutics, Merck (previously Scher- E-mail: [email protected] ing Plough, Organon), Noven, and Pfizer. Dr Constantine, Dr Kushner, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the and Dr Mayer consult to pharmaceutical companies, including, but not Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives limited to, TherapeuticsMD. Dr Simon has served (within the past year) License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download or is currently serving as a consultant to or on the advisory boards of: and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be AbbVie, Inc, AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Amgen Inc, Apotex, Inc, changedinanywayorusedcommerciallywithoutpermissionfrom Ascend Therapeutics, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Merck & Co, Inc, Noven the journal. Menopause, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2017 1 Copyright ß 2016 The North American Menopause Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. CE: M.S.; MENO-D-16-00223; Total nos of Pages: 7; MENO-D-16-00223 ARCHER ET AL ow-dose vaginal estrogen is a safe and effective women (NCT02253173). The REJOICE trial was conducted treatment for symptoms associated with vulvar and at 89 sites in the United States and Canada from October 2014 L vaginal atrophy (VVA), such as vaginal dryness, to October 2015, and assessed the four co-primary endpoints irritation, and pain with intercourse, which occur as a of changes from baseline to week 12 in the percentages of result of declining estrogen associated with menopause.1,2 vaginal superficial and parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and the The rationale for using a vaginal delivery system includes severity of dyspareunia compared with placebo.8 the ability to provide low doses of estrogen with local Women were randomized to the PK substudy separately administration to eliminate or minimize levels of circulating from the main phase 3 study participants using a computer- estrogens,1,3 and bypass hepatic circulation, thus reducing generated system based on block sizes of four, and a ratio of potential side effects.4 1:1:1:1 to either 4, 10, or 25 mg TX-004HR, or matching The Working Group on Women’s Health and Well-Being placebo. Women self-administered one vaginal capsule daily in Menopause petitioned the US Food and Drug Adminis- for 2 weeks, followed by 10 weeks of twice-weekly dosing. tration (FDA) to modify the labeling of low-dose vaginal The appearance and packaging of TX-004HR and placebo estrogens, which do not significantly increase systemic levels were identical to facilitate double-blinding of the study of estradiol. The US FDA held a workshop on November 10, participants and all those involved in the conduct of the study 2015, in which they invited a panel of scientific experts to (site staff, clinical
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