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Kultuur Culture Kultuur Culture 20. sajandi alguses tõi Eesti haritlaskond At the beginning of the 20th century, Estonian in- eesti keele Euroopa kultuuriareenile. Nõu- tellectuals put the Estonian language on Europe’s kogude ajal kujunes oma keelest eestlas- cultural map. During the Soviet era, Estonians te peamine vastupanurelv. Eestlastele on used their native language as the main tool for omane sallivus teiste rahvaste ja kultuuride resistance. Tolerance towards other nations and suhtes. Selle ilmekaks näiteks on fakt, et cultures is characteristic of Estonians. Th is is well Eesti oli esimene riik Euroopas, mis tagas illustrated by the fact that Estonia was the fi rst riigis elavatele rahvusrühmadele kultuu- country in Europe to grant cultural autonomy to rautonoomia. Teater ja muusika on siinse local national minorities. Th eatre and music form kultuuri lahutamatu osa. Laulurahvaks ole- an inseparable part of Estonian culture. Being a mine – see on eestlaste identiteet. Ka spordi- singing nation, that’s Estonians’ identity. However, maailmas teeb väike Eesti endale nime. tiny Estonia is also making a name for itself in the (Côtes d’Armor, märts 2008) world of sports. (Côtes d’Armor, March 2008) Kirjandus Literature Jaan Kross – kompromissi kuulutaja Jaan Kross – preacher of compromise Kirjanik Jaan Kross suri 2007. aasta jõulude Writer Jaan Kross died at Christmas 2007. He paiku. Kross näitas oma elutööga, et võimatu proved with his life’s work that the impossible võib saada võimalikuks: ta tõusis väikeselt can happen: he emerged from a small language keelealalt Euroopa teadvusesse ning kirjutas background to the attention of Europe and väikese rahva ajaloost teoseid, mis kõnetasid his works spoke to readers of many cultures. lugejaid erinevatest kultuuridest. Krossi sur- Northern Europe has now lost one of its most maga on Põhja-Euroopa kaotanud ühe oma important intellectuals. As the Soviet Union olulisematest intellektuaalidest. Nõukogude collapsed, Kross moved from allegorical his- Liidu lagunedes hakkas Kross ettevaatliku torical novels to writing more candidly about allegoorilise ajaloo kirjeldamise asemel kir- recent history. Burying the myths about Esto- jutama otsekohesemalt lähiajaloost. Krossi nia’s history played a pivotal role in his life’s elutöös on olnud keskseim Eesti minevikuga work. In Estonia, the epithet “preacher of com- seotud müütide kummutamine. Eestis ongi promise” was used in connection with him. 15 2008 PILK PEEGLISSE • GLANCE AT THE MIRROR Krossi kohta kasutatud epiteeti „kompromissi Indeed, it seems to be true, as he, despite being kuulutaja”. See tundub ka paika pidavat, sest sentenced to exile in a Siberian labour camp kuigi Kross oli sunnitöölaagris ning tema suh- for life, never supported extreme forms of re- tes oli langetatud eluaegne väljasaatmisotsus taliation when dealing with the past. Although Siberisse, ei pooldanud ta kunagi minevikuga he undeniably was a social critic, in the heart äärmuslikku arveteklaarimist. Kuigi Kross oli of his works there was an inexplicable nostal- vaieldamatu ühiskonnakriitik, oli tema teoste gia for something undefined – this is what dis- südames see seletamatu igatsus määratlematu tinguishes a polemicist from a timeless author. järele, mis eristab teineteisest polemiseerija ja (HS, 6.04) ajatu kunstniku. (HS, 6.04) For the most creative period of his life, Jaan Oma loomingu kõrgperioodil elas Jaan Kross Kross lived in Estonia as it was occupied by the okupeeritud Eestis. Kraad Tartu Ülikooli õigus- Soviet Union. A legal degree from Tartu Uni- teaduskonnast, aastad vangilaagris, tahtmatus versity, years in prison, reluctant to fl ee across põgeneda okupatsioonivõimude eest üle mere – the sea from the occupation – these are just need on vaid mõned märksõnad kirjaniku vär- a few keywords from the colourful life of the vikast elust. Kirjanikutee uus ajajärk algas 1990. novelist. He saw his work as a tool for overcom- aastate teisel poolel, mil Kross võis lõpuks ome- ing hardships, not as a cause for complaint. ti kõigest avalikult kirjutada. Looming polnud (Th e Guardian, 7.01) Krossi jaoks mitte väljund kurtmiseks, vaid või- malus ülesaamiseks. (The Guardian, 7.01) Th e specialisation he had acquired – interna- tional law – didn’t earn him a living in his time. Õpitud erialal – rahvusvaheline õigus – ei olnud As a poet and a novelist he found his true calling Krossil omal ajal midagi teha. Luuletaja ja esseis- in the genre of historical novels instead. It was tina leidis Kross oma tõelise kutsumuse hoopis a clever way to circumvent the censorship and ajaloolise romaani žanris. See oli kaval võimalus criticise the regime. Besides history, Kross was tsensuuri vältides valitsevat režiimi kritiseerida. also inspired by human suff ering and frustration. Ajaloo kõrval on Krossi inspireerinud ka ini- (Le Monde, 6.01) mese ahastus ja tusk. (Le Monde, 6.01) Would Jaan Kross have deserved a Nobel Prize? Kas Jaan Kross oleks olnud väärt Nobeli kir- Certainly. (Th e Times, 10.01) jandusauhinda? Kindlasti. (The Times, 10.01) Award-winner of Estonian origin Eesti juurtega auhinnavõitja Th e Finnish literary award went to Sofi Oksanen Soome kirjandusauhinna Finlandia võitis Sofi for the novel ”Purge”. Oksanen is the youngest Oksanen romaaniga „Puhastus”. Oksanen on to receive this award. She wrote about Estonia kõigi aegade noorim preemiavõitja. Eestist in her fi rst novel ”Stalin’s Cows” in 2003 as well. on Oksanen kirjutanud ka oma esikromaanis “I would call it the Estonian series, with ”Stalin’s „Stalini lehmad” 2003. aastal. „Nimetaksin seda Cows” being the fi rst and Purge being the second Eesti-sarjaks, mille esimene osa on „Stalini leh- part. Th ere is material for one more novel,” says mad” ja teine „Puhastus”. Materjali jätkub veel Oksanen. Th e publishing rights for ”Purge” have 16 KULTUUR • CULTURE 2008 Finlandia auhinna laureaat Sofi Oksanen. Finlandia award winner Sofi Oksanen. kahe romaani jaoks,” ütles Oksanen. Romaani been sold to more than ten countries already. „Puhastus” avaldamisõigused on müüdud roh- (TS, 5.12) kem kui kümnesse riiki. (TS, 5.12) Th e novel ”Purge” by Sofi Oksanen portrays Esto- Sofi Oksaneni romaan „Puhastus” avab kahe nian history through the fate of two women of eriealise naise saatuse kaudu Eesti lähiajalugu. diff erent ages. “Estonian history shall be written „Eesti ajalugu tuleb kirjutada osaks Euroopa to be a part of Europe’s. To date it has been a ajaloost. Siiamaani on Eesti ajalugu Euroopa part of Soviet history in the eyes of the West, jaoks olnud Nõukogude Liidu ajalugu, kuid but concentrating on Estonia’s story, the Soviet ainult Eesti ajaloost kirjutades on võimalik narrative can be overwhelmed,” says Oksanen. ümber lükata nõukogude narratiivi,” ütleb (TS, 4.04) Oksanen. (TS, 4.04) Sofi Oksanen expressed surprise at receiving Finlandia auhind oli Sofi Oksaneni jaoks „tõe- the Finlandia Prize. According to the writer, her line üllatus”. Kirjanik arvab, et paari aasta- books would not have been published in Fin- kümne eest poleks tema raamatuid Soomes land about two decades ago, let alone in Esto- avaldatud, Eestist rääkimata. Esialgu kirjutas nia. Her novel ”Purge” was initially a drama script. Oksanen „Puhastuse” näidendina. Ta mõtles Her fi rst idea was to write about partisans, but kirjutada metsavendadest, kuid jõudis teise soon she reached another angle. “I wanted to vaatenurgani. „Tahtsin kirjutada tagalast, kuna depict the rear, as the partisans would not have metsasolek poleks õnnestunud ilma naiste ja survived without support from the women and laste toetuseta. See viis 1949. aasta küüdita- children. Th at led to the 1949 deportations, an miseni, kuna vastupanu taheti murda,” räägib attempt to break the resistance,” says Oksanen. Oksanen. Sofi Oksaneni ema on eestlane, kelle Her mother was an Estonian whose family comes 17 2008 PILK PEEGLISSE • GLANCE AT THE MIRROR suguvõsa pärineb Läänemaalt Haapsalu külje from Western Estonia, near Haapsalu. Sofi spent alt. Oma lapsepõlvesuved veetis Sofi seal vana- her summers there as a child. Th e history of Estonia ema juures. Eesti ajalugu on olnud tema jaoks has always been “self-explanatory” to her. (HS, 5.12) alati „iseenesestmõistetav”. (HS, 5.12) Th e Finlandia Award-winning novel ”Purge” Sofi Oksaneni Finlandia auhinnaga pärjatud by Sofi Oksanen is full of powerful scenes. Of- romaan „Puhastus” on tulvil tugevaid pilte. ten a fl y is involved. “Flies belong to my child- Tihti kuulub sinna ka kärbes. „Kärbsed kuulu- hood memories of Estonia. While visiting vad minu Eestiga seotud lapsepõlvemälestuste mom’s family, I thought fl ies were everywhere,” juurde. Ema sugulaste juures külas olles tun- Oksanen says. Flies are after dirt, blood and dus, et kõikjal on kärbseid,” jutustab Oksanen. rot. One of the lead characters, Aliide Truu, Kärbes varitseb mustust, verd ning kõike mä- and her young relative Zara undergo expe- danevat. Romaani ühe peategelase, Aliide Truu riences causing them to feel as if their bodies ja tema noore sugulase Zaraga juhtub asju, are dirty and bleeding and their souls are rot- mille tagajärjel tundub neile, et nende kehad on ting away. Soviet Estonia destroyed Aliide, the räpased ja veritsevad ning hinged mädanevad. new “free” world did the same to Zara. Th is year Nõukogude Eesti hävitas Aliide, uus, „vaba” the winner of the Finlandia literary award was maailm Zara. Kuue kandidaadi hulgast valis selected from six candidates by Pekka Tarkka, a selleaastase Finlandia kirjandusauhinna võitja journalist. According to Tarkka, Oksanen com- välja ajakirjanik Pekka Tarkka. Tarkka
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