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BUKHARA and MASHRAB (Features of the Period) SJIF Impact Factor: 7.001| ISI I.F.Value:1.241| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2016 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 12 | December 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal BUKHARA AND MASHRAB (Features of the period) Gulchehra Navruzova Doctor of Philosophical Sciences Mumin Hoshimkhonov Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute ANNOTATION This scientific article analyzes the views of the thinker poet Boborahim Mashrab on his arrival in Bukhara, his acquaintance with the cultural life in the place, his interaction with the scientists of Bukhara, thinker and sufi Bahouddin Naqshband, his first teacher Mullo Bazar Oxund, who studied science in Bukhara. Also, the political life of Bukhara state in the XVII-XVIII centuries, the peculiarities of the period were studied. KEYWORDS: Bukhara, Movarounnahr, Khiva, Samarkand, Abdulazizkhan, Subkhankulikhan, Qunduz, Balkh, Mahmudkhan, Mullo Bazar Oxund, juybor, Sheikh, sufi, mosque, science, culture, king, qalandar, Naqshband, Gijduvan, Hamadani, Mashrab. DISCUSSION wars forced the Bukhara Khan to repeatedly draw an In the XVII century, Movarounnahr was given army against them, but these moves would often end to the rule of the sheybanids, which lasted one with the defeat of the khan's armies: academic century (1501-1598), and from 1601 the rule of the I.Muminov wrote: "beats would harm the broad Ashtarakhans began directly. masses of the people, only the nobility would hate 100 years after the death of Amir Temur, the them. Such a strike also undermined economic ties economic and cultural life of Movarounnahr had between the nomadic and more advanced inhabitants taken a path towards crisis as a result of political of Movarounnahr"[3]. viability. By the beginning of the XVII century each Even in the years of the rule of Bukhara of the Uzbek tribes of seed and had its own sphere of Abdulaziz (1645-1680), the head of the people did influence, the state within the Khan itself, the state not come out of the war. Khiva Khan Abulgozihon within the beck-state. "The mangites - in Bukhara, (1643-1663) and his son Anushakhon (1663-1687) kungirots in Khorezm, minglar in Fergana, the carried out several robbery marches to the Bukhara kenegas in Amudaryo had taken into their hands the territories. Khorezmians attacked the surroundings of reins of governance in the adjacent regions to the two Korakol, Bukhara in 1655 year, plundering the lands. coasts. The khans were weak, forced to share a Abdulazizkhon, who did not find an opportunity to career, depending on the position of the seeders. The strike at enemy troops, to stop mutual wars, emirs and princes rose to the height of self-rule, abandoned the throne. Even during his brother mutual strife disputes between officials in Central Subkhonkulikhan(1680-1702), who settled in his power, hit-collapse dried up the country"[1]. place on the throne, the relationship of Bukhara "At a time when the ashtarkhanids were Khiva continued to be complicated. In particular, the standing on the edge of a mutual massacre, Khiva Khan of the Samarkand emirs recognized the Imamkulikhan (1611-1642) occupied the throne" [2]. rule of Anushakhan, and his reading of khutba in his In the time of Imamkulikhan, some peace was name caused some of the emirs' dissatisfaction. In established. During his reign, the Bukhara Khanate such a situation, Subkhonkulikhan was supported by becomes a powerful state. However, the rise of the Mahmudbiy kataghan, the Samarkand people were tribes against the central authority and the mutual punished. Nevertheless, the relationship between 2020 EPRA IJRD | Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016 | www.eprajournals.com |27 | SJIF Impact Factor: 7.001| ISI I.F.Value:1.241| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2016 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 12 | December 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal Bukhara and Khiva remained tense. Mutual struggles, of Science and culture, became a politically, political unrest, which remained tireless at the economically and culturally disadvantaged country in beginning of the XVIII century at the end of the XVII the time of the Ashtarakhans. The role and prestige of century, aggravated the situation of the people's Joybor sheikhs in the socio-political life of the state masses, increased taxes, escalation of bribery, and the of ashtarakhani was very great"[5]. Bukhoro Khans resettlement of the country's economy into ruin, led were not limited to awarding Joybor khodzhas with to a collapse. In the Subkhonkulikhan period, a Land-Water, cash and valuable gifts, but also sought decree was issued on the collection of taxes for 7 a parish with them. Joybor Masters also had a certain years in a year. This led to further poverty of the influence on the appointment of any person to a population, the carelessness of the land, the crisis of higher position, dismissal from his career and other farming, the rise in prices. duties. Literary critic Abdusattor Jumanazar noted in Shoh Mashrab simply did not carry out the the monograph "Mashrab": in the Balkh 1114 (1702- pilgrimage. As Mansur, who reached the level of 1703) Odil otaliq ibn Kupak goes to his hand and "martyr excellence", reached the tranquility of the head in Mahmud katagon goes to the to Kunduz. soul, the king became a guest of his native land After the death of the just Fatherland, the grandson of Turkistan before his last trip to Mashrab. Passing Subkhonkulikhan Mukimkhon ibn Iskandarkhon calls through Bukhara, Bahouddin Naqshband visited the him from the Kunduz. Subkhonkulikhan died in tomb and other hole places. A group of mullahs there Bukhara at the age of hijri 1114 on the 21st day of and their great mawlono Sharif began to argue, the month of rabi us-soni (1702 year 14 September) sharply criticizing the apparent views of the mullahs, 77 years. The throne is occupied by the 20-year-old after which he leaves[6]. son Ubaydullah. Mukim Muhammad ibn Iskandar He did not live in a busy city, but was widely sulton ibn Subkhonkulikhan, a resident of the Balkh promoted among the people by the teaching of the region, does not want to be subordinated to his uncle, city, city and country kezib. After leaving the village and in the meantime, mutual hostility arises. The of mashraqhoja, he went to many countries: Yorkent, battle is intense and the Mahmudbiy paternity, with from there to Khutan, Kumul, Turfon, then he went extensive experience in politics, will take advantage to Ghulja. The Mashrab will return from the Ghulja of such a situation. He kills the Mukim Muhammad to the Kashgar. Then comes to Namangan his native Sultan and takes the throne of the Balkh and declares land after him, to Tashkent on the instruction of himself the king of the Balkh in the name of Ufoqhoja and again to Ufoqhoja. After that, he Mahmoud Bahodurkhon. Ubaydullah went with an started the qalandarhuja movement. Baborahim army to the Balkh at the beginning of hujri 1119 year Mashrab, who has been visiting the lands for 18 (April 1707 year) and invades with great difficulty. years, is also in places such as Yemen, India, Dakan, After this battle, Mahmudbiy qatagon escapes to the Isfahan, Khorasan, Herat, Mashhad, Iran, Mecca, Kunduz and remains in that place until the end of his Medina, Halab, Sheroz, Sham, Rum, then Bukhara, life. In the second half of 1707, Balkh and Kunduz Tashkent, Shahimardon, Saripul, Shibirgan, Andkhoy became two independent provinces with their own in Afghanistan[7]. By I.Abdullaev "uzbek art and policies. Mahmudbiy qatagon cannot return to the literature" weekletter and the article "Mashrab and Balkh until this is done. Muarrikh Muhammad "Mabdai nur", published in the number of April 12, Yakub, says that he will rule for some time in the 1991, tells about which lands he went to in a gazal Kunduz and will die under the house in the about the biography of the poet: earthquake of hijri 1126 year (1714). The analysis of Заминни хок этиб, бағридин эмди осмон the data collected shows that around seventy youth of кетдим, Mahmudbiy qataghan died [4]. There is a fact that Фалакни тай қилиб, аршдин ўтуб то Mahmud qataghonbiy who gave judgment to the ломакон кетдим. death of the Prophet Muhammad died under the roof Чиқибон ломакондин бозина дорулфано not after 3 days as he predicted 3 years later. узра, The position of the pious in the country of Қарор олмай, гаҳи улѐн бориб, гаҳи буѐн Bukhara during the ashtarakhanids was also higher кетдим. than the position of the Uzbek seeds. Their Тижоратни қибоб айлаб, тилаб ул холи interference in state affairs led to a gradual oblivion рухсорин, of the achievements of the Middle Ages in the field Яманни шаҳридин бир лаҳзада Ҳиндустон of Exact Sciences (geometry, mathematics, medicine, кетдим. astronomy), the establishment of the dominance of Даканда неча кун ман истиқомат айлабон the divine worldview only in explaining the world, кўрдим, the progress of society. This caused primarily Тамоми расми кофирни кўруб, ман religious fanaticism, national intolerance, the Исфаҳон кетдим suffocation of Social Thought and secular . development: "as a result, Movarounnahr, the cradle 2020 EPRA IJRD | Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016 | www.eprajournals.com |28 | SJIF Impact Factor: 7.001| ISI I.F.Value:1.241| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2016 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 12 | December 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal Хуросонни ҳавоси яхши, аммо одами it was written that the poet did not go to Mecca and кофир, returned from the road. It is also quite hand in hand Ҳироту Машҳадни сайр этиб, юрти Эрон to make Mashrab an atheist.
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