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An Overview on Mangifera Indica: Importance and Its Various Pharmacological Action

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An Overview on Mangifera Indica: Importance and Its Various Pharmacological Action 72 ISSN: 2347-7881 Review Article An Overview on Mangifera Indica: Importance and Its Various Pharmacological Action Pallab Kalita Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India [email protected] ABSTRACT Majority of crude drugs from plant origin are used in Indian system of medicine. Medicinal plants are using as herbal remedies to prevent and cure several ailments differs from community to community. Most studies on the exploitation of mango have been dealing with mango peels, juices and stem bark and mango leaves. Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), reported to contain active substances like mangiferin. In ayurveda, one of its uses is clearing digestion and acidity. Mangiferin is a pharmacologically active flavonoids, which having the anti bacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetes, hepatoprotective, anti inflammatory activities. Keywords: Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae, Mangiferin, flavonoids INTRODUCTION clearing digestion and acidity due to pitta Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is one of (heat). Mango is one of the most popular of all the important tropical fruits in the world and tropical fruits. Mangiferin, being a polyphenolic India contributes major part of the world antioxidant and a glucosyl xanthone, it has production. in Indian, Mango is considered as a strong antioxidant, anti lipid peroxidation, king of fruits. The different parts of M. indica immunomodulation, cardiotonic, hypotensive, having medicinal uses for throughout the globe. wound healing, antidegenerative and The Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the antidiabetic activities. most important tropical plants[1]. Mangifera Various parts of plant are used as a dentrifrice, indica is a species of mango in the antiseptic, astringent, diaphoretic, stomachic, Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the wild in vermifuge, tonic, laxative and diuretic and to India and cultivated varieties have been treat diarrhea, dysentery, anaemia, asthma, introduced to other warm regions of the world. bronchitis, cough, hypertension, insomnia, It is the largest fruit-tree in the world, capable rheumatism, toothache, leucorrhoea, of a height of one-hundred feet and an average haemorrhage and piles. All parts are used to circumference of twelve to fourteen feet, treat abscesses, broken horn, rabid dog or sometimes reaching twenty. Mangiferin (a jackal bite, tumour, snakebite, stings, datura pharmacologically active flavonoid, a natural poisoning, heat stroke, miscarriage, anthrax, xanthone C-glycoside) is extracted from Mango blisters, wounds in the mouth, tympanitis, colic, at high concentrations from the young leaves diarrhea, glossitis, indigestion, bacillosis, bloody (172 g/kg), bark (107 g/kg), and from old leaves dysentery, liver disorders, excessive urination, (94 g/kg)[2]. In ayurveda, one of its uses is tetanus and asthma. How to cite this article: P Kalita; An Overview on Mangifera Indica: Importance and Its Various Pharmacological Action; PharmaTutor; 2014; 2(12); 72-76 PharmaTutor Magazine | Vol. 2, Issue 12 | magazine.pharmatutor.org 73 ISSN: 2347-7881 Taxonomical Classification[3] Kingdom Plantae Class Mangoliopsida Phylum Mangoliophyta Order Sapindales Family Anacardiaceae Genus Mangifera Species Indica Different Species of mango: NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE -Mangifera altissima -Mangifera persiciformis In Mango fruit, pre-biotic dietary fiber, - Mangifera camptosperma -Mangifera caesia vitamins, minerals and poly-phenolic flavonoid - Mangifera decandra -Mangiferalaurina compounds are found. Mango is a very good -Mangifera odorata -Mangifera longipes source of Vitamin-A and flavonoids (beta- -Mangifera foetida etc. carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta- cryptoxanthin). 765 mg of recommended daily Phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica levels of vitamin A is present in 100 gm of and structure of mangiferin - mango fresh fruit. Together; these compounds Various Chemical constituents are found in are known to have antioxidant properties and different species of mango. These constituents are essential for vision. Maintaining healthy are always of an interest. Especially the mucus membranes and skin vitamin A is polyphenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids are the required. Consumption of natural fruits rich in different chemical constituents of the plant. carotenes is known to protect body from lung Mangiferin is a (xanthone glycoside) major bio- and oral cavity cancers. Fresh mango is a very active constituent, isomangiferin, tannins & rich source of potassium. Potassium in an gallic acid derivatives. The bark is reported to important component of cell and body fluids contain protocatechic acid, catechin, that helps controlling heart rate and blood mangiferin, alanine, glycine, γ-aminobutyric pressure. It is also a very good source of acid, kinic acid, shikimic acid and the tetracyclic vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin-C and vitamin- triterpenoids cycloart-24-en-3β,26diol, 3- E. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps ketodammar-24 (E)-en-20S,26-diol, C-24 body develop resistance against infectious epimers of cycloart-25 en 3β,24,27-triol and agents and scavenge harmful oxygen free cycloartan-3β,24,27-triol. After the isolation of radicals. Vitamin B-6 or pyridoxine is required stem bark of mangifera indica, Indicoside A and for GABA hormone production in the brain. It B, manghopanal, mangoleanone, friedelin, also controls homocystiene levels in the blood, cycloartan-3β-30-diol and derivatives, which may otherwise be harmful to blood mangsterol, manglupenone, mangocoumarin, vessels resulting in CAD and stroke. Copper is a n-tetacosane, n-heneicosane, n-triacontane and co-factor for many vital enzymes, including mangiferolic acid methyl ester and others were cytochrome c-oxidase and superoxide found[3],[4],[5]. dismutase (other minerals function as co- factors for this enzyme are manganese and Structure- zinc). Copper is also required for the production Mangiferin of red blood cells. Mango peels are also rich in phytonutrients, such as the pigment Formula: C19H18O11 [6] Molar mass: 422.33 g/mol antioxidants like carotenoids and polyphenols . PharmaTutor Magazine | Vol. 2, Issue 12 | magazine.pharmatutor.org 74 ISSN: 2347-7881 300 mg/kg has shown significant activity which Fresh, Nutrition Value Per 100 G of fresh mango is comparable to that of the standard [10]. fruit[7],[8] Sl no. Principle Nutrient Value Antioxidant activity: 1 Energy 70 kcal Several methods have been used to determine 2 Carbohydrate 17 gm antioxidant capacity of plants. Study involved 3 Protein 05gm three methods to evaluate the antioxidant 4 Total fat 0.27gm activity of the mango seed kernel extract, namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS 5 Cholesterol 0mg cation radical scavenging activity and ferric 6 Dietary fibre 1.80gm thiocyanate assay in comparision to α- 7 Vitamine tocopherol, ascorbic acid, methyl gallate and Folate 14µg tannic acid. The result of the study revealed Niacin 0.6mg that the extract has significant anti oxidant Vit-C 27.7mg activity [11]. Vit-A 765IU Vit-E 1.12mg Antiallergic and Anthelmintic activity: Vit-K 4.2µg The aquous extract of stem bark of mango 8 Electrolyte 158mg (mangifera indica) having the chemical 9 Minerals constituents of vimang and mangiferin. The Calcium 10mg vimang and magiferin having the antiallergic Magnesium 9mg and anthelmintic activities. The vimang and mangiferin (500 or 50 mg per kg body weight RECENT PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF per day, respectively) administered orally to Mangifera indica mice experimentally infected with the Antibacterial activity: nematode, Trichinella spiralis. Treatment with Pet ether, ethyl acetate, ethanolic extract of Vimang or mangiferin likewise led to a mangifera indica showed significant activity significant decline in serum levels of specific against four clinical strains of bacteria S. typhi, anti-Trichinella IgE, throughout the parasite life B.subtilis, E.coli and K.pneumonia. The standard cycle. Finally, oral treatment of rats with drug used was amoxicillin 5mg/ml. All solvents Vimang or mangiferin, daily for 50 days, extracts at dose range 2mg/ml-4mg/ml showed inhibited mast cell degranulation as evaluated [9] significant antibacterial activity . by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (sensitization with infected mouse serum with a Anti inflammatory activity: high IgE titre, then stimulation with the Aqueous extract of leaves of Mangifera indica L. cytosolic fraction of T. spiralis muscle larvae). Var. Thotapuri for its anti-inflammatory activity. Since IgE plays a key role in the pathogenesis of The activity was evaluated by carrageenan allergic diseases, these results suggest that induced rat paw edema method for acute Vimang and mangiferin may be useful in the inflammation and cotton pellet granuloma treatment of diseases of this type [12],[13] . method for chronic inflammation. The standard drug used was Diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) for Hepatoprotective activity: both the models. In these methods, ethyl Three polyphenolic principles, 1,2,3,4,6-penta- acetate and ethanol extracts at a dose level of O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG), methyl gallate (MG), and gallic acid (GA), were isolated PharmaTutor Magazine | Vol. 2, Issue 12 | magazine.pharmatutor.org 75 ISSN: 2347-7881 from the ethanolic extract of seed kernels of showed appreciable alpha amylase inhibitory Thai mango. evaluating their hepatoprotective effect (IC50 value 74.35±1.9 μg/ml) and alpha potential against liver injury in rats induced by glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 41.88±3.9 carbon
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