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Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values

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Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values Charles Uibel NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES VOLUME XV 2009 International Society for Salt Lake Research (ISSLR) 10th International Conference and 2008 FRIENDS of Great Salt Lake Issues Forum Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah May 11-16, 2008 Natural Resources and Environmental Issues Volume XV 2009 This publication was edited by Aharon Oren, David Naftz, Patsy Palacios and Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh and peer-reviewed by a scientific committee composed of experts from the ISSLR and other outside editors. Conference Co-Chairs: Wayne Wurtsbaugh Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University, Logan Lynn de Freitas FRIENDS of Great Salt Lake Salt Lake City, Utah David Naftz U.S. Geological Survey Salt Lake City, Utah Local Organizing Committee Bonnie Baxter David Naftz Brian Timms Lynn de Freitas Jacob Parnell Carla Trentelman Heidi Hoven Giovanni Rompato Bart Weimer Robert Jellison Wayne Wurtsbaugh Edited by Aharon Oren, David Naftz, Patsy Palacios and Wayne A. Wurstbaugh Produced out of the Library Publishing Center S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natual Resources Research Library, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University. 2009 Papers should be cited as follows: Chapter Author(s). 2009. Paper title. In: A. Oren, D. Naftz, P. Palacios and W.A. Wurtsbaugh (eds). Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values. Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, volume XV. S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, Logan, Utah, USA. Series Forword Natural Resources and Environmental Issues (NREI) is a series devoted Contact Information: primarily to research in natural resources and related fields. This series Address: NREI, 5260 Old Main Hill, is published by the the S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natural Resources Logan, UT 84322 Research Library, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Phone: 435.797.2464 Logan, Utah 84322-5260. Fax: 435.797.3798 E-mail: The Quinney Library recognizes its role in educating natural resources [email protected] leaders who can then provide the guidance needed to increase the production of the earth's renewable resources while sustaining / enhancing the global environment. This publication, first published in ©2009 by the Quinney Library 1993, is a monographic series that addresses relevant current topics. College of Natural Resources The journal is published in a series of volumes, each addressing a Utah State University single topic and often associated with an organized symposium. Publication in NREI is by invitation only. ISSN 1069-5370 Volumes of this series will be sent upon request. Single issues are $25.00 in the United States and $30.00 elsewhere. Payment can be made by credit card, check, money order, or purchase order, payable in U.S. dollars to the Quinney Library. Order information is located in the back of this publication. Articles and information appearing in Natural Resources and Environmental Issues are the property of the specified authors. They may be reprinted with written permission provided that no endorsement of a specific commercial product or firm is stated or implied. Authors, the College of Natural Resources, the Quinney Library, and Natural Resources and Environmental Issues must be credited. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface – Saline lakes around the world: unique systems with unique values A. Oren, D.L. Naftz and W.A. Wurtsbaugh . i Preface – FRIENDS of Great Salt Lake L. de Freitas . iii Great Salt Lake, Utah Biostromes, brine flies, birds and the bioaccumulation of selenium in Great Salt Lake, Utah W.A. Wurtsbaugh . 1 Microbial biodiversity of Great Salt Lake, Utah B.C. Weimer, G. Rompato, J. Parnell, R. Gann, B. Ganesan, C. Navas, M. Gonzalez, M. Clavel and S. Albee-Scott . 15 Development of a site-specific standard for selenium in open waters of Great Salt Lake, Utah H.M. Ohlendorf, J. DenBleyker, W.O. Moellmer and T. Miller . 23 Mercury inputs to Great Salt Lake, Utah: reconnaissance-phase results D. Naftz, C. Fuller, J. Cederberg, D. Krabbenhoft, J. Whitehead, J. Garberg and K. Beisner . 37 Dynamics of mercury in eared grebes on Great Salt Lake N.L. Darnall and A.K. Miles . 50 Eutrophication, nutrient fluxes and connectivity between the bays of Great Salt Lake, Utah (USA) W.A. Wurtsbaugh, D.L. Naftz and S.R. Bradt . 51 Competitive exclusion of cyanobacterial species in Great Salt Lake H.C. Roney . 52 Evidence and implications of movement of the deep brine layer in the South Arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah K. Beisner, D.L. Naftz and W.P. Johnson . 53 Production of magnesium from Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA T.G. Tripp . 55 Developing vegetation metrics for the assessment of beneficial uses of impounded wetlands surrounding Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA H.M. Hoven and T.G. Miller . 63 Farmington Bay wetlands of Great Salt Lake: nutrient criteria, macroinvertebrate studies and beneficial uses T.G. Miller, H.M. Hoven and J.F. Cavitt . 73 Landforms of fetch-limited saline lakes as evidence of storm-wind direction and strength G. Atwood . 75 Other North-American Salt Lakes Avian response to early tidal salt marsh restoration at former commercial salt evaporation ponds in San Francisco Bay, California, USA N.D. Athearn, J.Y. Takekawa and J.M. Shinn . 77 Limnology and food web structure of a large terminal ecosystem, Walker Lake (NV, USA) J. Umek, S. Chandra and J. Brownstein . 87 The effects of increasing total dissolved solids on the Walker Lake, Nevada, fishery K.A. Wright . 92 Distribution of major anions and trace elements in the unsaturated zone at Franklin Lake Playa, California, USA G.N. Breit, H.L. Goldstein, R.L. Reynolds and J.C. Yount . 93 Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005–2008 R.L. Reynolds, R. Bogle, J. Vogel, H. Goldstein and J. Yount . 105 Recovery of the threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout in a desert terminal lake S. Byers . 116 Salt flat basin’s contribution to regional dust production and potential influence on dry deposition in the Guadalupe Mountains (Texas, USA) A.E. Perez and T.E. Gill . 117 Geochemistry and potential playa sources of the January 7, 2008 southwestern New Mexico “milky rain” J. Gilbert, T.E. Gill, D. Borrok, B. Frey, T. Hertel, M. Lane, M. Bleiweiss, C. Lehmann, D. Gay and C.V. Ramana . 119 Planktonic bloom-forming Nodularia in the saline Lake Alchichica, Mexico M.G. Oliva, A. Lugo, J. Alcocer, L. Peralta and L.A. Oseguera . 121 South-American Salt Lakes Algal and cyanobacterial saline biofilms of the Grande Coastal Lagoon, Lima, Peru H. Montoya. 127 Managing salt lakes in the neotropics: challenges and alternatives - the case of Mar Chiquita, Argentina E.H. Bucher and E.D. Curto . 135 Salt Lakes in the Great Rift Valley Archaeal diversity in the Dead Sea: microbial survival under increasingly harsh conditions I. Bodaker, O. Béjà, I. Sharon, R. Feingersch, M. Rosenberg, A. Oren, M.Y. Hindiyeh and H.I. Malkawi . 137 The negative water balance of the Dead Sea; its impact and the future of the lake I. Gavrieli . 144 Long-term mesocosm simulation of algal and archaeal blooms in the Dead Sea following dilution with Red Sea water A. Oren, J. Gavrieli, M. Kohen, J. Lati, M. Aharoni and I. Gavrieli. 145 Diel variability and community metabolism in African soda lakes J.M. Melack . 153 Effect of osmotic downshock treatment on the yield of ectoine synthesized by Halomonas sp. EG6 O. Osman, S. Tanabe-Hosoi and S. Nagata . 161 Salt Lakes in Europe Biodiversity of inland saltscapes of the Iberian Peninsula K.H. Kortekaas and J.-F. Carrasco Vayá . 163 The role of non-governmental organizations in the conservation and management of saltscapes in Spain - the case of the Association of Friends of Inland Salinas J.-F. Carrasco Vayá and K.H. Kortekaas . 172 Threatened Artemia biodiversity in the Iberian and western Mediterranean region S. Redón, M. Maccari, G. Medina, F. Hontoria, J.C. Navarro and F. Amat . 173 The role of parasites in the successful invasion of Mediterranean salterns by the exotic invasive Artemia franciscana S. Redón, M. Maccari, G. Medina, F. Hontoria, J.C. Navarro, B. Georgiev, G. Vasileva, P. Nikolov and F. Amat . 174 Natural curative factors of the Solotvino salt lakes I.S. Lemko, M.O. Haysak, K.I. Vaherich, Y.V. Andrashko, I.J. Sharkany and V.G. Malynovska . 175 The role of phytoplankton in sediment formation in lakes with pelogenous potential L. Gheorghievici . 176 Salt Lakes in Asia The Aral Sea: water level, salinity and long-term changes in biological communities of an endangered ecosystem - past, present and future N.V. Aladin, I.S. Plotnikov, P. Micklin and T. Ballatore . 177 The phytoplankton of the present-day central Caspian Sea L.A. Pautova, V.A. Silkin and S.V. Vostokov . 184 Characterization of a eukaryotic picoplankton alga, strain DGN-Z1, isolated from a soda lake in Inner Mongolia, China K. Fanjing, J. Qinxian, E .Jia and Z. Mianping . 185 Zabuye Salt Lake solar pond in Tibet, China: construction and operational experience W. Huang, X. Wang, Z. Sun, Z. Nie and Z. Sha. 191 Crystallization path of salts from brine in Zabuye Salt Lake, Tibet, during isothermal evaporation Z. Nie, L. Bu, M. Zheng and Y. Zhang . 197 Solubility and supersaturation of lithium carbonate in Zabuye Salt Lake brine, Tibet Z. Sha, W. Huang, X. Wang and Y. Zhao. 202 Separation and economic recovery of strontium from Nanyishan oil-field water, China Y.P. Dong, Q.F. Meng, H.T. Feng, X.M. Cui, B. Xu, W. Wu, D.D. Gao and W. Li . 203 Solubility of MgO in chloride melts containing NdCl3 and LaCl3 B.
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