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COVID-19 Socioeconomic Impact Study

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COVID-19 Socioeconomic Impact Study Final Report A Study on Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on marginalized communities in Dang and Kapilvastu Submitted To: IM Swedish Development Partner (IM) Bakhundole, Lalitpur 44600 Submitted By: Sustainable and Resilient Ideas Pvt. Ltd. (SRI) Mahalaxmi Municipality - 5, Lalitpur, Nepal Email: [email protected], [email protected] December 2020 i Acknowledgements In the context of COVID-19, this study is a substantial work to understand socio-economic impacts on people who are survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, victims of child marriage and economically marginalized groups of people (wage-based labourers, micro & small entrepreneurs, returnee migrant workers and farmers). These people are referred as rights holders (RHs) by the IM Swedish Development Partner and its partner organisations (POs) in true sense and they are impacted by COVID-19. Despite their difficulties RHs extended support to inform the Study Team and enumerators. Therefore, thanks are due to them from the Study Team. Likewise, the Study team would like to thank to the field members of POs who cooperated in providing information about RHs, guiding enumerators to reach to sample households selected for surveys and helping in organising focused group discussions and consultation meetings with various officials of Municipalities and Rural Municipalities. The Study Team also gratefully acknowledges valuable inputs from Ms. Roshani Devi Karki (Under Secretary, MoWCSC, Federal Government), Mr. Shreedhar Gyawali (Under Secretary, MoLMAC, Lumbini Province), Mr. Thaneshwor Gyawali (Under Secretary, MoSD, Lumbini Province), Ms. Sharada Bashyal (Chief Women Development Officer, MoSD), Ms. Shiv Kumari Chaudhary (Vice Mayor, Shivraj Municipality), Mr. Basudev Jamarkattel (Social Dev Officer, Vijaynagar RM), and Ms. Pima Kumari Khadka (Vice Chairperson, Dangisharan RM). Thanks are also due to Mr. Bishnu Prasad Pokhrel of JuRI Nepal, Ms. Shradha Thapa of FTGN and Anju Kandel of JMC Nepal, Mr. Ram Bahadur Budha Magar of IRDC, Ms. Dhaneshwori Gharti Magar of SSDC, Mr. Madhab Chaudhary of SEED, and Mr. Bishnu Bhusal of SWAN for their valuable cooperation in responding questions and supplying necessary documents. Also, thanks are due to Mr. Pom Narayan Poudel (Former Chair of SSDC) for his valuable coordination supports and to Mr. Rem Bahadur BK (JMC) for his contribution in the initial meeting. The study team would like to express sincere appreciation to the IM Swedish Development Partner in Nepal for entrusting SRI’s Study Team to carry out this study, particularly support of Ms. Sunita Gurung (Programme Manager) and Mr. Keshab Dahal (Programme Manager) who provided valuable inputs and necessary supports in the process. Likewise, thanks to Ms. Maria Kempe, Regional Director, South Asia for her input. Study Team also acknowledges with thanks for the support of SRI staff, and would like to make special mention of Mr. Pratap Jung Rai (Managing Director) for his supports in the study process. Tek Bahadur Gurung, PhD, Team Leader Nahakul KC, Member Kalpana Mishra, Member 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 4 List of Boxes.............................................................................................................................. 4 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 7 1 Background and Rationale ............................................................................................ 14 2 Objectives of the study ................................................................................................... 15 3 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................. 15 4 Approach and Methodology .......................................................................................... 16 4.1 Description of methodological approach and tools ............................................................... 16 4.1.1 Policy and programmes review ................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Qualitative data collection and analysis ...................................................................... 17 4.1.3 Quantitative data collection and analysis .................................................................... 17 4.1.4 Case reports under each RH groups ............................................................................ 18 4.2 Limitation of the study .......................................................................................................... 18 5 Descriptions of Rights Holders and Duty Bearers ...................................................... 19 5.1 Rights Holders ...................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Duty Bearers ......................................................................................................................... 20 6 Findings and Discussions ............................................................................................... 22 6.1 Analysis of Policies and Programmes ................................................................................... 22 6.1.1 Policies and Programmes concerning Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) . 22 6.1.2 Policies and Programmes concerning Child marriage (CM) ...................................... 25 6.1.3 Policies and Programmes concerning Economic Inclusion ........................................ 27 6.2 Social and Economic impacts of COVID-19 on RHs ........................................................... 32 6.2.1 Sexual and gender-based violence towards women and girls ..................................... 32 6.2.2 Child marriage ............................................................................................................ 35 6.2.3 Economic situation of wage-based labourers, MSEs, RMWs and farmers ................ 38 7 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 50 7.1 Sexual and gender-based violence towards women and girls ............................................... 50 7.2 Child marriage ...................................................................................................................... 51 7.3 Economic situation of WBLs, MSEs, RMWs and Farmers .................................................. 52 8 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 53 8.1 Relevant for government bodies ........................................................................................... 53 8.2 Relevant for POs ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.3 Relevant for IM ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. References ............................................................................................................................... 58 Annexes ................................................................................................................................... 61 2 List of Figures Figure 4.1: Overall representation of study methodology .................................................................... 16 Figure 4.2: Total and sample households from different RHs groups .................................................. 18 Figure 5.1: RHs groups and their different forms ................................................................................. 19 Figure 6.1: A focused group discussion with RHs who are survivors of SGBV and CM in Rajaiya, Shantinagar RM, Dang, 16 Dec 2020 ................................................................................................... 33 Figure 6.2: SGBV situation ................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 6.3: SGBV situation during lockdown ...................................................................................... 34 Figure 6.4: Percentage of respondents who felt being discriminated in different kind of works ......... 35 Figure 6.5: Self-assessment of poverty status by SGBV respondents .................................................. 35 Figure 6.6: Child marriage situation of respondents ............................................................................. 36 Figure 6.7: Child marriage during COVID-19 lockdown ..................................................................... 37 Figure 6.8: Percentage of responses to end child marriage ................................................................... 37 Figure 6.9: Percentage of households reporting different crops ..........................................................
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