Some Important Aspects of Technology and Craft Production in the Indus Civilization with Specific Reference to Gujarat
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A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity?
Special Volume 6 (2016): Space and Knowledge. Topoi Research Group Articles, ed. by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, pp. 777–818. Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity Edited by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, Excellence Cluster Topoi, Berlin eTopoi ISSN 2192-2608 http://journal.topoi.org Except where otherwise noted, content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity The authors discuss the simultaneous appearance of technological innovations in three key technologies (metallurgy, wheeled vehicles, weighing systems) in the second half of the 4th millennium. This is done from a source-critical perspective because the innova- tions are discussed with the help of dynamic maps from the Topoi project Digital Atlas of Innovations. Besides indications of diffusion gradients influenced by special research conditions, exceptional waves of innovation can be detected for all three technologies in the discussed period. These waves of innovation cannot, however, be generalized but have to be understood on the basis of the respective technology traditions and lines of devel- opment specific to local areas. Monocentric diffusion theories can be clearly disproven, local technology developments and their converging in certain centrally situated regions have to be assumed instead. Similarly, the transfer of objects and their châine opératoire can only be detected rather infrequently, while the adaptation to local socio-economic and environmental factors can be demonstrated. -
Inscribed Unicorn Seals from Bagasra, Gujarat: a Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Carving Styles, and Distribution Patterns
Inscribed Unicorn Seals from Bagasra, Gujarat: A Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Carving Styles, and Distribution Patterns Gregg M. Jamison1, Bhanu Prakash Sharma2, P. Ajithprasad3, K. Krishnan3, Kuldeep K. Bhan3 and V. H. Sonawane3 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin – Waukesha, 1500 N. University Dr., Waukesha, WI 53188, USA (Email: [email protected]) 2. Department of Archaeology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695 581, India (Email: [email protected]) 3. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat – 390 002, India (Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; vhsonawane@ rediffmail.com) Received: 18 July 2017; Revised: 13 September 2017; Accepted: 01 November 2017 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 5 (2017): 01‐21 Abstract: Excavations at the Indus site of Bagasra (Gola Dhoro) conducted by the Department of Archaeology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda uncovered significant quantities and varieties of material culture, including inscribed steatite seals. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of this assemblage, including morphology, carving styles, and distribution patterns. Using complimentary research methods, it has been possible to identify variation in seal carving styles and techniques, as well as patterns that represent the products of distinct artisans and workshops. Taken together, the results highlight the significance of detailed studies of seals from individual sites to learn more about this important craft industry throughout the Indus Civilization as a whole. Keywords: Indus Civilization, Inscribed Steatite Seals, Bagasra, Gujarat, Technology, Style, Distribution Introduction Since their discovery heralded the announcement of a new ancient civilization, inscribed steatite seals of the Indus or Harappan Civilization (2600‐1900 BCE) have captivated scholars and the general public alike. -
Hassuna Samarra Halaf
arch 1600. archaeologies of the near east joukowsky institute for archaeology and the ancient world spring 2008 Emerging social complexities in Mesopotamia: the Chalcolithic in the Near East. February 20, 2008 Neolithic in the Near East: early sites of socialization “neolithic revolution”: domestication of wheat, barley, sheep, goat: early settled communities (ca 10,000 to 6000 BC) Mudding the world: Clay, mud and the technologies of everyday life in the prehistoric Near East • Pottery: associated with settled life: storage, serving, prestige pots, decorated and undecorated. • Figurines: objects of everyday, magical and cultic use. Ubiquitous for prehistoric societies especially. In clay and in stone. • Mud-brick as architectural material: Leads to more structured architectural constructions, perhaps more rectilinear spaces. • Tokens, hallow clay balls, tablets and early writing technologies: related to development o trade, tools of urban administration, increasing social complexity. • Architectural models: whose function is not quite obvious to us. Maybe apotropaic, maybe for sale purposes? “All objects of pottery… figments of potter’s will, fictions of his memory and imagination.” J. L. Myres 1923, quoted in Wengrow 1998: 783. What is culture in “culture history” (1920s-1960s) ? Archaeological culture = a bounded and binding ethnic/cultural unit within a defined geography and temporal/spatial “horizons”, uniformly and unambigously represented in the material culture, manifested by artifactual assemblage. pots=people? • “Do cultures actually -
Friday, the 19Th of June 09:00 Garcia Sanjuan, Leonardo the Hole in the Doughnut
monumental landscapes neolithic subsistence and megaliths 09:25 schiesberg, sara; zimmermann, andreas 10:40 coffee break siemens lecture hall bosch conference room Stages and Cycles: The Demography of Populations Practicing 11:00 schiesberg, sara Collective Burials Theories, Methods and Results The Bone Puzzle. Reconstructing Burial Rites in Collective Tombs 09:00 schmitt, felicitas; bartelheim, martin; bueno ramírez, primitiva 09:00 o’connell, michael 09:50 rinne, christoph; fuchs, katharina; kopp, juliane; 11:25 cummings, vicki Just passing by? Investigating in the Territory of the Megalith Builders The pollen evidence for early prehistoric farming impact: towards a better schade-lindig, sabine; susat, julian; krause-kyora, ben The social implications of construction: a consideration of the earliest of the Southern European Plains. The Case of Azután, Toledo. understanding of the archaeological fi eld evidence for Neolithic activity in Niedertiefenbach reloaded: The builders of the Wartberg gallery grave Neolithic monuments of Britain and Ireland 09:25 carrero pazos, miguel; rodríguez casal, antón a. western Ireland 10:15 klingner, susan; schultz, michael 11:50 pollard, joshua Neolithic Territory and Funeral Megalithic Space in Galicia (Nw. Of 09:25 diers, sarah; fritsch, barbara The physical strain on megalithic tomb builders from northern How routine life was made sacred: settlement and monumentality in Iberian Peninsula): A Synthetic Approach Changing environments in a Megalithic Landscape: the Altmark case Germany –results of an -
Indications and Implications of Copper Artifacts from Navinal, a Harappan
ȱ Indicationsȱ andȱ Implicationsȱ ofȱ Copperȱ Artifactsȱ fromȱ Navinal,ȱ Aȱ Harappanȱ Siteȱ inȱ Kachchh,ȱ Gujarat,ȱ Westernȱ Indiaȱ ȱ Ambikaȱ Patel1,ȱ Rajeshȱ S.V.2,ȱ Bradȱ Chase3,ȱ Saleemȱ Shaikh4,ȱ Y.S.ȱ Rawat5,ȱ Abhayanȱ G.S.2,ȱ Ajitȱ Kumar2,ȱ Haseenȱ Rajaȱ R.2,ȱ Charusmitaȱ Gadekar6,ȱ Akinoriȱ Uesugi7,ȱ P.ȱ Ajithprasad6,ȱPrabhinȱSukumaran8ȱandȱRenjinimolȱM.N.2ȱ ȱ 1.ȱȱ DepartmentȱofȱMuseology,ȱTheȱMaharajaȱSayajiraoȱUniversityȱofȱBaroda,ȱVadodara,ȱ Gujaratȱ(Email:ȱ[email protected])ȱ 2.ȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Archaeology,ȱ Universityȱ ofȱ Kerala,ȱ Kariavattomȱ Campus,ȱ Thiruvananthapuram,ȱKeralaȱ–ȱ695581ȱ(Email:ȱ[email protected];ȱabhayangs@ȱ gmail.com;ȱ[email protected];ȱ[email protected];ȱrenjinirenju50@ȱgmail.com)ȱ 3.ȱ DepartmentȱofȱAnthropologyȱandȱSociology,ȱAlbionȱCollege,ȱMichigan,ȱUSAȱ(Email:ȱ [email protected])ȱ 4.ȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Archaeology,ȱ Krantiguruȱ Shyamjiȱ Krishnaȱ Vermaȱ Kachchhȱ University,ȱKachchh,ȱGujaratȱ(Email:ȱ[email protected])ȱ 5.ȱ Gujaratȱ Stateȱ Archaeologyȱ Department,ȱ Gandhinagar,ȱ Gujaratȱ (Email:ȱ [email protected])ȱ 6.ȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Archaeologyȱ andȱ Ancientȱ History,ȱ Theȱ Maharajaȱ Sayajiraoȱ Universityȱ ofȱ Baroda,ȱ Vadodara,ȱ Gujaratȱ (Email:ȱ [email protected];ȱ [email protected])ȱ 7.ȱ Kansaiȱ University,ȱ 3Ȭ3Ȭ35ȱ YamateȬcho,ȱ Suita,ȱ Osakaȱ 564Ȭ8680ȱ Japanȱ (Email:ȱȱ [email protected])ȱ 8.ȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Civilȱ Engineering,ȱ Chandubhaiȱ S.ȱ Patelȱ Instituteȱ ofȱ Technology,ȱ Charotarȱ Universityȱ ofȱ Scienceȱ andȱ Technology,ȱ Changa,ȱ Anand,ȱ Gujaratȱ -
Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe
MEGALITHS SOCIETIES LANDSCAPES EARLY MONUMENTALITY AND SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN NEOLITHIC EUROPE VOLUME 3 Eds.: Johannes Müller Martin Hinz Frühe Monumentalität und soziale Differenzierung 18 Maria Wunderlich Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der CAU Kiel Megaliths – Societies – Landscapes Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe Volume 3 Proceedings of the international conference »Megaliths – Societies – Landscapes. Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe« (16th–20th June 2015) in Kiel Eds.: Johannes Müller, Martin Hinz, Maria Wunderlich in Kommission Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 2019 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn und des Institutes für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der CAU zu Kiel Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn Redaktion Martin Hinz, Maria Wunderlich & Julia Menne (CAU Kiel) Bildbearbeitung Nicole Schwerdtfeger & UFG-Graphic Department (CAU Kiel) Satz & Grafik Nicole Schwerdtfeger & UFG-Graphic Department (CAU Kiel) Design-Konzept Janine Cordts (CAU Kiel) Umschlaggestaltung Janine Cordts (CAU Kiel) Umschlagfoto Vol. 3: Sara Jagiolla (CAU Kiel) Kapitelfotos Ch. 5, Ch. 6 & Ch. 7: Sara Jagiolla (CAU Kiel) Konferenzfotos Sara Jagiolla (CAU Kiel) ISBN 978-3-7749-4213-4 Titel auch als E-Book (PDF) erhältlich unter www.habelt.de Druck BELTZ Grafische Betriebe GmbH, Bad Langensalza Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie. Detailliertere Informationen sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. © 2019 by UFG CAU Kiel and authors 777 Preface of the Series Editor The DFG Priority Program1400 »Early Monumen- this early workshop continued throughout the years tality and Social Differentiation: On the origin and de- after. In consequence the international conference velopment of Neolithic large-scale buildings and the »Megaliths, Societies, Landscapes« was organized emergence of early complex societies in Northern five years after on a broader scale. -
CHAPTER 3 Sorath Harappan CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3 Sorath Harappan CHAPTER 3 SORATH HARAPPAN (Regionality in Harappan sites of Saurashtra) 3.Introduction: The spread of Harappan culture into the regions of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat in the 3rd millennium B.C. is well accepted. The evidence for this expansion is noted in settlements as far south as Bhagatrav in Broach district of Gujarat, northeast wards into Manda in Jammu and Kashmir and more recently in Bhagvanpura in Haryana (Joshi 1995), west wards along the Makran coast of Pakistan to the Iranian border (Agarwal 1982a) and in the north to the Oxus valley of northern Afghanistan (Frankfurt 1981, 1984). A Harappan 'tradition' (Shaffer 1991) was formed. The shift from regional styles as seen at Kot Diji, Amri and Sothi, to more uniform characteristics at its peak or mature phase was the main feature of this tradition. This Harappan tradition was characterized by urban centralization, craft specialization and a diversified subsistence economy. The vast expanse of this tradition in the Greater Indus Valley has put forward many questions concerning the dissimilarities in the material and structural remains at excavated Harappan sites. This particular feature, first noted in the phase termed as 'Late Harappan' has been discussed at length by different scholars (Possehl 1977a-, Agrawal 1979', Dikshit 1979, 1984', Ghosh 1982', Rao 1982', Chitalwala 1985', Mughal 1990a, 1992b). It is believed that towards the close of the third millennium B.C. the Pan - Indus cultural integration of the Indus 67 Civilization was weakened and three regional cultural patterns emerged namely 1. Cemetery H in the region of Punjab 2. -
2Nd Half of the 5Th Millennium BC) and Their Aftermath
Syria Archéologie, art et histoire 90 | 2013 Dossier : Recherches actuelles sur l’occupation des périphéries désertiques de la Jordanie aux périodes protohistoriques Disappeared by Climate Change. The Shepherd nd Cultures of Qulban Ceni Murra (2 Half of the th 5 Millennium BC) and their Aftermath Hans Georg K. Gebel et Hamzeh M. Mahasneh Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/syria/1739 DOI : 10.4000/syria.1739 ISSN : 2076-8435 Éditeur IFPO - Institut français du Proche-Orient Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 janvier 2013 Pagination : 127-158 ISBN : 9782351593905 ISSN : 0039-7946 Référence électronique Hans Georg K. Gebel et Hamzeh M. Mahasneh, « Disappeared by Climate Change. The Shepherd Cultures of Qulban Ceni Murra (2nd Half of the 5th Millennium BC) and their Aftermath », Syria [En ligne], 90 | 2013, mis en ligne le 01 juillet 2016, consulté le 25 août 2021. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/syria/1739 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/syria.1739 © Presses IFPO DISAPPEARED BY CLIMATE CHANGE THE SHEPHERD CULTURES OF QULBAN BENI MURRA (2nd HALF OF THE 5th MILLENNIUM BC) AND THEIR AFTERMATH 1 Hans Georg K. GEBEL 2 & Hamzeh M. MAHASNEH 3 Résumé – Le phénomène funéraire attesté dans le sud-est de la Jordanie témoigne d’une phase d’occupation méconnue de la région au cours du milieu de l’Holocène, en lien avec un mode de vie pastoral basé sur l’exploitation des ressources en eau des puits (« Early Mid-Holocene pastoral well cultures », 4500-4000 BC). À titre d’hypothèse, cette phase précoce d’occupation a pu aboutir au développement des premières « cultures des oasis » de la péninsule Arabique (« Oasis cultures », 4000-35000/3000 BC). -
Unit 6 Material Characteristics
UNIT 6 MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS Structure Objectives Introduction From Villages to Towns.and Cities Harappan Civilization : Sources Geographical Spread Important Centres 6.5.1 Harappa 6.5.2 Mohenjodaro 6.5.3 Kalibangan 6.5.4 Lothal 6.5.5 Sutkagen-Dor Material Characteristics 6.6.1 Town-Planning 6.6.2 Pottery 6.6.3 Tools and Implements- 6.6.4 Arts and Crafts 6.6.5 The Indus Script 6.6.6 Subsistence Pattern Let Us Sum Up Key Words Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 6.0 OBJECTIVES This Unit deals with the geographical extent and the material features of the Harappan Civilization. It describes the main sites of Harappan Civilization as well as the material remains which characterised these sites. After reading this Unit you should be able to : understand that there was continuity of population and material traditions between the Early Harappan and Harappan Civilization. know about the geographical and climatic aspects of the settlement pattern of Harappan Civilization, describe the specific geographical, climatic and subsistence related characteristics of the important centres of Harappan Civilization. learn about the material features of the impoitant Harappan sites and specially the uniformities in the material features of these sites. 6.1 INTRODUCTION In this Unit we discuss the geographical spread and material characteristics of the Harappan Civilization which aroge on the foundation of pastoral and agricultuial communities and small townships. It refers to the continuity of the population and material traditions between Early Harappan and Harappan Civilization. The geographical spread of Harappan Civilization with special reference to some important centres has been highlighted. -
Harappan Settlement of Gola Dhoro: a Reading from Animal Bones Brad Chase∗
Social change at the Harappan settlement of Gola Dhoro: a reading from animal bones Brad Chase∗ Detailed analysis of the animal bone assemblage at Gola Dhoro here throws light on the expansion of the Indus civilisation into Gujarat. A square fort, imposed on a settlement of livestock herders in the later third millennium BC, was shown to have contained people who introduced a broader diet of meat and seafood, and new ways of preparing it. These social and dietary changes were coincident with a surge in craft and trade. Keywords: South Asia, Harappan, Indus, Bronze Age, faunal analysis, animal bones, livestock, diet, pastoral economy, social practice, inter-regional interaction Introduction The Indus civilisation (c. 2600-1900 BC) integrated several distinct regions into one of the world’s first state-level societies. As Harappa, Mohenjodaro, and several other population centres in the alluvial plains of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river systems emerged as large walled cities, many of the distinctive styles of material culture developed there came to be widely distributed in adjoining regions, such as Gujarat, where they had no local antecedents (Figure 1). While this is clear evidence that the residents of Gujarat during this period came to participate in inter-regional interaction networks to a greater extent than had previously been the case, the social processes by which they came to be incorporated into South Asia’s first urban society remain the subject of considerable debate. Gola Dhoro, a small (∼2ha) settlement situated on the northern coast of the peninsula of Saurashtra, is an ideal site at which to investigate these issues. -
ARCL 0141 Mediterranean Prehistory
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL 0141 Mediterranean Prehistory 2019-20, Term 1 - 15 CREDITS Deadlines for coursework: 11th November 2019, 13th January 2020 Coordinator: Dr. Borja Legarra Herrero [email protected] Office 106, tel. (0) 20 7679 1539 Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and marking procedures, or links to the relevant webpages 1 OVERVIEW Introduction This course reunites the study and analysis of prehistoric societies around the Mediterranean basin into a coherent if diverse exploration. It takes a long-term perspective, ranging from the first modern human occupation in the region to the start of the 1st millennium BCE, and a broad spatial approach, searching for the overall trends and conditions that underlie local phenomena. Opening topics include the glacial Mediterranean and origins of seafaring, early Holocene Levantine-European farming, and Chalcolithic societies. The main body of the course is formed by the multiple transformations of the late 4th, 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, including the environmental ‘mediterraneanisation’ of the basin, the rise of the first complex societies in east and west Mediterranean and the formation of world-system relations at the east Mediterranean. A final session examines the transition to the Iron Age in the context of the emergence of pan-Mediterranean networks, and this also acts as a link to G202. This course is designed to interlock with G206, which explores Mediterranean dynamics from a diachronic and comparative perspective. Equally, it can be taken in conjunction with courses in the prehistory of specific regions, such as the Aegean, Italy, the Levant, Anatolia and Egypt, as well as Europe and Africa. -
Powerpoint Sunusu
Neolitik Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik (PPN/ AN) 10.000-6500 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A 10.000-8.800 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B 8.800-6500 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik C 7000-6500 Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik (PN) 6500-5000 Bereketli Hilal. Figure 3. A: The Early Natufian habitations, primary and secondary burials, of the upper layers at Ain Mallaha. Note the special pit-house in the left upper corner. B: A cross section along the A-B line demonstrating the entire stratigraphy of Ain Mallaha. Note the dug-out pits (after Perrot and Ladiray157). Figure 4. The large Natufian house in Ain Mallaha with a proposed reconstruction of its upper structure. Note the series of postholes and the number of hearths that seem to have been used for communal activities (after Valla59). Figure 6. Natufian lithic, bone, and ground stone assemblage: 1, Helwan lunate; 2, lunate; 3,triangle; 4 and 5, microburins (products of a special snapping technique); 6, truncated bladelet; 7, borer; 8, burin; 9, Helwan sickle blade; 10, abruptly retouched sickle blade; 11, pick;12 and 13, bone points; 14, decorated broken sickle haft; 15–19, bone pendants; 20, decorated bone spatula; 21, pestle; 22, mortar; 23, deep mortar made of basalt; 24, Harif point. Note that the ground stone tools have different scales than do the lithics and bone objects. Jericho Tell es-Sultan View of the tower from the east showing both openings (Kenyon & Holland 1981 vol. 3/2 pl. 9). Note the plaster just above the lower opening. Wall of PPNB bricks at Jericho Three of the seven heads discovered in I953.