DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethier, J., Banffy, E., Vuković, J. B., Leshtakov, K., Bacvarov, K., Roffet-Salque, M., Evershed, R., & Ivanova, M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethier, J., Banffy, E., Vuković, J. B., Leshtakov, K., Bacvarov, K., Roffet-Salque, M., Evershed, R., & Ivanova, M Ethier, J., Banffy, E., Vuković, J. B., Leshtakov, K., Bacvarov, K., Roffet-Salque, M., Evershed, R., & Ivanova, M. (2017). Earliest expansion of animal husbandry beyond the Mediterranean zone in the sixth millennium BC. Scientific Reports, 7, [7146]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07427-x Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1038/s41598-017-07427-x Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Nature at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07427-x. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Earliest expansion of animal husbandry beyond the Mediterranean zone in the sixth millennium BC Jonathan Ethier, Eszter Bánffy, Jasna Vuković, Krassimir Leshtakov, Krum Bacvarov, Mélanie Roffet-Salque, Richard P. Evershed, Maria Ivanova* Supplementary information Description of sites and stratigraphic contexts of pottery samples Bulgaria Yabalkovo Yabalkovo is located in the valley of Maritsa, southeast Bulgaria. The investigations at the site were part of a rescue operation due to infrastructure projects. In the years 2000-2012 more than 25 000 square meters were under exploration. In contrast to the typical tell sites from Upper Thrace, Yabalkovo is described as a “flat” settlement with a vast inhabited area which, according to the scatter of archaeological materials, was estimated to cover c. 1.5 km x 2 km. The excavations revealed several phases of occupation spanning a very long period from the early 6th millennium BC to the 11th century-first quarter of the 13th century CE (the Early and Middle Neolithic, Early Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age, Late Iron Age, Late Roman Age, and the Middle Ages). The geophysical survey and the excavations of the Early Neolithic sites revealed two separate settled areas, each surrounded by a series of concentric ditches. There is stratigraphic evidence for three building phases.These Early Neolithic settlements belong to the Karanovo I group and the 14C dates indicate a life span along the first three centuries of the 6th millennium BC (Table S3). Samples were selected from the excavation campaigns in 2010, 2011 and 2012 and originated from two different areas: 1) Ditches A, A1, House 1 and a Pit 1 in Sector Southwest, and 2) a concentration of finds, part of a large area of rubbish deposition, in Square N35 in Sector North. Nova Nadezhda The site is situated on a low-lying terrace in the fertile floodplain of the Middle Maritsa Valley, c. 300 m from the river’s right bank, and covers an area of over 5 ha. It 1 consists of two low mounds, separated by a stream. In 2013-2014 rescue excavation for a railway construction took place on the north edge of the northwest mound in an area of 7500 m2. This part of the site was continually occupied from the beginning of the Early Neolithic (c. 6000 calBC) to the Final Chalcolithic (c. 4000 calBC), and then again in the Early Iron Age (11th–9th c. calBC). According to the radiocarbon dates, the Early Neolithic occupation started at c. 6000 BC and had a duration of c. 400 years (Table S3). Major archaeological features from this phase include five concentric ditches and at least one enclosure wall of wooden posts, as well as the remains of one burnt house1,2. The pottery samples are from the 2013 campaign and originate from the house (001) and from various locations in the fills of four enclosure ditches (003, 053, 054, 055). Serbia Blagotin Blagotin is situated in the northern outskirt of the village of Poljna near the foothills of the Blagotin Mountain. The site was discovered in 1984 during a survey of the region. Systematic excavations were conducted between 1989 and 2000 on a total area of c. 300 m2. Blagotin was a small settlement with a surface area of 0.5 ha, which provided important information about settlement life and architecture during the Early Neolithic, including seven semi- subterranean dwellings and numerous areas of rubbish deposition and pits. The 14C dates from this period of habitation have values around 6200-6000 calBC (Table S3). The site was reoccupied twice, during the Eneolithic (Baden-Kostolac culture) and the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt culture)3-6. All samples were selected from the 1995 excavations and originate from different stratigraphic levels and locations in the fill of Structure 3, a semi-subterranean dwelling. Divostin Discovered in 1952 during a survey led by the Archaeological Institute in Belgrade, the site of Divostin is considered as one of the major settlements of the Starčevo culture. The excavations took place in 1967 (by M. Bogdanovic) and between 1968-1974 (by D. Srejovic and A. McPherron) on a total area of c. 2,400 m2. Divostin was first inhabited by Starčevo groups (Divostin I). Five radiocarbon dates on wood charcoal from this period of habitation have values of c. 6000-5700 calBC (Table S3). From the Divostin I phase, semi-subterranean 2 huts and surface-level houses, fireplaces, hearths and ovens, rubbish pits and refuse areas were uncovered. Following a gap of a thousand years, the site was resettled by Late Vinča groups (Divostin II)7. The samples belonged to a pottery assemblage derived from the 1967 excavation of M. Bogdanovic of a pit of the Divostin I period in Sector D. Grivac The site is located in the locality of Barice near the modern village of Grivac. Habitation remains from the Early Neolithic (Grivac I-III) and Late Neolithic (Grivac IV-VI) were recorded at this site on a total area of c. 25 ha. Series of trenches were excavated in different parts of the site in 1953-1954, as well as in 1957, 1969, and 1989-1994. Features from the Early Neolithic phase included semi-subterranean and above-ground houses8. There is one radiocarbon date from this phase, from Trench B, with a value of c. 6200-6000 calBC (Table S3). The pottery samples originate from two separate areas: 1) from the west part of the site (Trench IV and V from 1957, Trench A and B from 1969 and Trench A from 1990); 2) from the east part (Trench 1954 and Trench A from 1994). Hungary Alsónyék The site of Alsónyék is located near the Danube in the southern part of the Sárköz region in the Tolna County, at the border of the Transdanubian Hills and the Great Hungarian Plain. The investigations at Alsónyék were conducted between 2006 and 2009 as a part of the rescue excavations along the M6 motorway on an area of c. 25 ha. The site was occupied during the Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic periods (Starčevo, LBK, Sopot and Lengyel culture groups). Alsónyék was the first large-scale excavation at a Starčevo site in Hungary and provided the largest Starčevo assemblage in this region so far. Occupation took place c. 5800-5730 cal BC (Table S3). The excavations identified two separate foci of Starčevo habitation, 10B and 5603. In the larger area 5603 some 500 features, mostly pits of various sizes and shapes, were assigned to the Starčevo period. Other Early Neolithic features included numerous well- preserved ovens, wells, and piles of burnt daub9,10. The samples originate from the fills of eleven pits in Area 5603, the main area of Starčevo occupation at Alsónyék. 3 Ecsegfalva 23 The site of Ecsegfalva was discovered in 1998 during large-scale archaeological surveys along the Kiri-Tó river. The excavations took place from 1999 to 2001 near an old meander of the Hortobágy-Berettyó river, northern tributary of Körös. Small-scale intensive excavations focused on three locations: Ecsegfalva 16, 18, and 23. A total of three trenches was opened at Ecsegfalva 23. The occupation of this location lasted for a short period of time with a starting date around 5800 calBC and peak activity between 5750 and 5650 cal BC (Table S3). Samples from the excavation campaigns in 1999-2001 were selected from all three trenches at Ecsegfalva 23: Area 23A (2 samples), Area 23B (31 samples) and 23C (8 samples). Supplementary Table S1 Description of samples containing significant concentrations of archaeological lipid residues (FA, fatty acids). 13 13 13 Site Lab Vessel Context type Lipids δ C16:0 δ C18:0 ∆ C Lipid Predominant number part and location classes (‰) (‰) (‰) concen- commodity tration (µg g-1) Yabalkovo YAB 05 Rim Pit fill, Pit 1 FA -27.2 -27.1 0.1 82 Non-Ruminant Adipose Fats YAB 07 Body Ditch fill, FA -27.3 -26.0 1.3 1356 Non-Ruminant A1/10 Adipose Fats YAB 11 Body Ditch fill, A/01 FA -27.4 -29.0 -1.6 89 Ruminant Adipose Fats YAB 22 Rim Concentration FA -28.0 -32.6 -4.6 54 Ruminant Dairy Fats of finds, N35 YAB 24 Base Concentration FA -28.8 -29.0 -0.2 49 Non-Ruminant of finds, N35 Adipose Fats YAB 27 Base Concentration FA -26.8 -31.8 -5.1 545 Ruminant Dairy Fats of finds, N35 YAB 30 Rim Concentration FA -25.1 -27.0 -2.0 151 Ruminant Adipose of finds, N35 Fats YAB 31 Rim Concentration FA -27.7 -31.4 -3.7 765 Ruminant Dairy Fats of finds, N35 YAB 32 Body Concentration FA -26.8 -28.1 -1.3 2632 Ruminant Adipose of finds, N35 Fats YAB 33 Body Concentration FA -26.1 -28.9 -2.8 3843 Ruminant Adipose of finds, N35 Fats YAB 35 Rim Concentration FA -24.8 -27.6 -2.8 266 Ruminant Adipose of finds, N35 Fats YAB 37 Base Concentration
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hassuna Samarra Halaf
    arch 1600. archaeologies of the near east joukowsky institute for archaeology and the ancient world spring 2008 Emerging social complexities in Mesopotamia: the Chalcolithic in the Near East. February 20, 2008 Neolithic in the Near East: early sites of socialization “neolithic revolution”: domestication of wheat, barley, sheep, goat: early settled communities (ca 10,000 to 6000 BC) Mudding the world: Clay, mud and the technologies of everyday life in the prehistoric Near East • Pottery: associated with settled life: storage, serving, prestige pots, decorated and undecorated. • Figurines: objects of everyday, magical and cultic use. Ubiquitous for prehistoric societies especially. In clay and in stone. • Mud-brick as architectural material: Leads to more structured architectural constructions, perhaps more rectilinear spaces. • Tokens, hallow clay balls, tablets and early writing technologies: related to development o trade, tools of urban administration, increasing social complexity. • Architectural models: whose function is not quite obvious to us. Maybe apotropaic, maybe for sale purposes? “All objects of pottery… figments of potter’s will, fictions of his memory and imagination.” J. L. Myres 1923, quoted in Wengrow 1998: 783. What is culture in “culture history” (1920s-1960s) ? Archaeological culture = a bounded and binding ethnic/cultural unit within a defined geography and temporal/spatial “horizons”, uniformly and unambigously represented in the material culture, manifested by artifactual assemblage. pots=people? • “Do cultures actually
    [Show full text]
  • Powerpoint Sunusu
    Neolitik Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik (PPN/ AN) 10.000-6500 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A 10.000-8.800 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B 8.800-6500 Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik C 7000-6500 Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik (PN) 6500-5000 Bereketli Hilal. Figure 3. A: The Early Natufian habitations, primary and secondary burials, of the upper layers at Ain Mallaha. Note the special pit-house in the left upper corner. B: A cross section along the A-B line demonstrating the entire stratigraphy of Ain Mallaha. Note the dug-out pits (after Perrot and Ladiray157). Figure 4. The large Natufian house in Ain Mallaha with a proposed reconstruction of its upper structure. Note the series of postholes and the number of hearths that seem to have been used for communal activities (after Valla59). Figure 6. Natufian lithic, bone, and ground stone assemblage: 1, Helwan lunate; 2, lunate; 3,triangle; 4 and 5, microburins (products of a special snapping technique); 6, truncated bladelet; 7, borer; 8, burin; 9, Helwan sickle blade; 10, abruptly retouched sickle blade; 11, pick;12 and 13, bone points; 14, decorated broken sickle haft; 15–19, bone pendants; 20, decorated bone spatula; 21, pestle; 22, mortar; 23, deep mortar made of basalt; 24, Harif point. Note that the ground stone tools have different scales than do the lithics and bone objects. Jericho Tell es-Sultan View of the tower from the east showing both openings (Kenyon & Holland 1981 vol. 3/2 pl. 9). Note the plaster just above the lower opening. Wall of PPNB bricks at Jericho Three of the seven heads discovered in I953.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neolithic of the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria : a First Assessment
    PAt.ÉORIENT, vol. 15/1 19X9 THE NEOLITHIC OF THE BALIKH VALLEY, NORTHERN SYRIA : A FIRST ASSESSMENT P.M.M.G. AKKERMANS ABSTRACT. - This article discusses in short the evidence for Neolithic occupation in the Balikh valley of northern Syria. Recent excavations and surveys in the region have yielded a wealth of new data, allowing a more detailed insight into cultural developments m this little known part of Syria. RESUME - Cet article présente un aperçu des recherches rra-ntrs sur le Néolithique dans la vallée du Balikh (Syrie du Nord) Fouilles et prospections ont livré de nouvelles données qui permettent d'améliorer notre vision île Involution lullurellc de cette région encore mal connue de la Syrie. INTRODUCTION been uncovered (7), but it is expected that future work at the site will yield a continuous sequence of occupation from the 7th into the 6th millennium B.C. In Syrian archaeology, the Balikh valley has A survey undertaken in 1983 gave evidence of a gone unexplored for a long time. In 1938, Mallowan large number of prehistoric sites and suggested a visited the valley and, within a six-week campaign, continuous occupation of the Balikh valley at least laid out trenches at five sites (1). At two of these from the late 8th or early 7th millennium on- mounds, viz. tells Aswad and Ibn es-Shehab, Neoli- wards (8). thic remains were found although at the latter site unfortunately in a disturbed context. Over 30 years This paper intends to give a tentative outline of later, in 1970, Mallowan's Tell Aswad was reexca- Neolithic developments in the Balikh valley vated by J.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Neolithic Wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus PNAS PLUS
    Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus PNAS PLUS Patrick McGoverna,1, Mindia Jalabadzeb, Stephen Batiukc, Michael P. Callahand, Karen E. Smithd, Gretchen R. Halla, Eliso Kvavadzeb, David Maghradzee, Nana Rusishvilib, Laurent Boubyf, Osvaldo Faillag, Gabriele Colag, Luigi Marianig,h, Elisabetta Boarettoi, Roberto Bacilierij, Patrice Thisj, Nathan Walesk, and David Lordkipanidzeb,1 aBiomolecular Archaeology Project, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104; bGeorgian National Museum, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia; cDepartment of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada MSS 1A1; dDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725; eScientific Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia; fInstitut des Sciences de l’Evolution, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; gDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; hLombardy Museum of Agricultural History, 26866 Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, Italy; iDangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (D-REAMS) Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; jInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique–Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement–Centre International d’Études Supérieures en Sciences Agronomiques, UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes, 1334, 34398 Montpellier, France; and kCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark Contributed by David Lordkipanidze, October 7, 2017 (sent for review August 22, 2017; reviewed by A. Nigel Goring-Morris and Roald Hoffmann) Chemical analyses of ancient organic compounds absorbed into the human selection and accidental crosses or introgression between the pottery fabrics from sites in Georgia in the South Caucasus region, incoming domesticated vine and native wild vines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Cultural Identities and Territorial Policies in the Longue Durée: a View from the Zagros Piedmont
    The emergence of cultural identities and territorial policies in the LONGUE DURÉE: A view from the Zagros Piedmont R. Vallet, J.S. Baldi, M. Zingarello, M. Sauvage, H. Naccaro, C. Paladre, F. Bridey, C. Padovani, K. Rasheed, K. Raeuf and Q. Halkawt Abstract. Since 2015, fieldwork in the Western Qara Dagh (Sulaymānīyah governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan) is opening up new perspectives on the dynamics of interaction between late prehistoric Southern and Northern Mesopotamia. Two sites, Girdi Qala and Logardan, are being investigated with a special focus on three main historical phenomena between 6th and 3rd millennia BC. A first major event is represented by the diffusion of the Ubaid horizon, which appears to occur as a very early process of acculturation between Halaf and Ubaid cultural entities. Then, the so-called Uruk “oikumene” is attested in the Qara Dagh, three centuries earlier than previously documented in Northern Mesopotamia, at the very beginning of the 4th millennium BC. Later, around the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, the emergence of the so-called “Early Dynastic states” is documented at Logardan by the rebuilding of a monumental citadel. Architectural and ceramic data allow us to reassess these three major cultural dynamics, each of which implies specific modalities of interaction between the North and the South. This variable range of relationships shows that simplistic dichotomies between Northern and Southern people or “cultures” are misleading and ineffective. Indeed, as of the Late Prehistory, northern and southern communities have never evolved separately. Résumé. Depuis 2015, la mission pluridisciplinaire du Qara Dagh occidental (gouvernorat de Sulaymānīyah, Kurdistan iraquien) ouvre de nouvelles perspectives sur les dynamiques d’interaction entre la Mésopotamie du Nord et du Sud.
    [Show full text]
  • 03 BANEA Vol2.Indd
    This pdf of your paper in Development of Pre-State Communities in the Near East belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (April 2013), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books ([email protected]). An offprint from DEVELOPMENT OF Pre-StATE COMMUNITIES IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST edited by Diane Bolger and Louise C. Maguire © Oxbow Books 2010 ISBN 978-1-84217-407-4 CONTENTS Editors’ Preface vii List of Contributors ix INTRODUCTION 1 The development of pre-state communities in the ancient Near East 1 Diane Bolger and Louise C. Maguire PART 1: SOCIAL ORGANISATION AND COMPLEXITY IN PRE-STATE COMMUNITIES 2 Social complexity and archaeology: A contextual approach 11 Marc Verhoeven 3 Late Neolithic architectural renewal: The emergence of round houses in the northern Levant, c. 6500–6000 BC 22 Peter M. M. G. Akkermans 4 Abandonment processes and closure ceremonies in prehistoric Cyprus: In search of ritual 29 Demetra Papaconstantinou 5 A different Chalcolithic: A central Cypriot scene 38 David Frankel 6 Thoughts on the function of ‘public buildings’ in the Early Bronze Age southern Levant 46 Hermann Genz PART 2: EARLY URBAN COMMUNITIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE STATE 7 The Tell: Social archaeology and territorial space 55 Tony Wilkinson 8 Rethinking Kalopsidha:
    [Show full text]
  • Monumental Landscapes of the Holocene Humid
    HOL0010.1177/0959683620950449The HoloceneGroucutt et al. 950449research-article2020 Research Paper The Holocene 1 –13 Monumental landscapes of the Holocene © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: humid period in Northern Arabia: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620950449 10.1177/0959683620950449 The mustatil phenomenon journals.sagepub.com/home/hol Huw S Groucutt,1,2,3 Paul S Breeze,4 Maria Guagnin,2 Mathew Stewart,1,2,3 Nick Drake,4 Ceri Shipton,5,6 Badr Zahrani,7 Abdulaziz Al Omarfi,7 Abdullah M Alsharekh8 and Michael D Petraglia2,9,10 Abstract Between 10 and six thousand years ago the Arabian Peninsula saw the most recent of the ‘Green Arabia’ periods, when increased rainfall transformed this generally arid region. The transition to the Neolithic in Arabia occurred during this period of climatic amelioration. Various forms of stone structures are abundant in northern Arabia, and it has been speculated that some of these dated to the Neolithic, but there has been little research on their character and chronology. Here we report a study of 104 ‘mustatil’ stone structures from the southern margins of the Nefud Desert in northern Arabia. We provide the first chronometric age estimate for this type of structure – a radiocarbon date of ca. 5000 BC – and describe their landscape positions, architecture and associated material culture and faunal remains. The structure we have dated is the oldest large-scale stone structure known from the Arabian Peninsula. The mustatil phenomenon represents a remarkable development of monumental architecture, as hundreds of these structures were built in northwest Arabia.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Important Aspects of Technology and Craft Production in the Indus Civilization with Specific Reference to Gujarat
    Some Important Aspects of Technology and Craft Production in the Indus Civilization with Specific Reference to Gujarat Kuldeep K. Bhan This paper will briefly review the archaeological record of some of the aspects of the craft production in the Indus Tradition from the point of technology, as reflected in manufacturing cycles, possible workshops / activity areas, stock piling and dumping areas so far identified in the available archaeological record of Gujarat. The data presented here is mostly derived from three recently excavated Indus sites by the Department of Archeology and Ancient History, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in combination with the data obtained through ethnoarchaeological studies carried on the stone bead making at Khambhat, Gujarat by Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, Massimo Vidale and myself. With the adaption of rigorous excavations with emphasis on the recovery methods along with ethnoarchaeological studies a lot of fresh useful information regarding the various Indus crafts is beginning to get revealed. The study of the crafts and especially Indus Civilization crafts is growing field of investigation, though some South Asian archeologists still prefer to them as ‘miscellaneous small finds’. This fresh data thus obtained is the highlights of this paper. Keywords: Indus Civilization, Technology, Craft Production, Gujarat, Shell working, Beads, Faience. In this paper, I will be discussing some important aspects various industries, but I will confine myself to certain of the current research on craft production in the selected crafts like stone bead making, shell working Harappan phase of the Indus Tradition that corresponds and faience making, with specific reference to the (c. 2600 to 1900 BC) to the Integration Era (as defined in recent data recovered from the Harappan sites of Kenoyer 1991a).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Holocene Humid Period in the Nefud Desert: Hunters and Herders
    The Holocene Humid Period in the Nefud Desert: Hunters and Herders in the Jebel Oraf Palaeolake Basin, Saudi Arabia Maria Guagnina,b, Paul Breezec, Ceri Shiptond, Florian Ottb,e, Mathew Stewartf,g, Mark Batemanh, Louise Martini, Lisa Grahamj, Sarah el-Dossaryk, Eleanor Kingwell- Banhami, Badr Zahranil, Abdulaziz al-Omaril, Abdullah M. Alsharekhm, Michael Petragliab,n,o, a Institute for Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany b Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany c Department of Geography, King’s College London, UK d Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Australia e GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany f Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia g Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany h Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, UK i University College London, Institute of Archaeology, UK j Centre for Open Learning, University of Edinburgh, UK k Riyadh Educational Authority, Ministry of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia l Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia m Department of Archaeology, College of Tourism & Archaeology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia n Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA o School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia Corresponding author: Maria Guagnin, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Geographical Sciences, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Building H, 12249 Berlin, Germany. [email protected] Abstract Archaeological surveys and excavations in the Jebel Oraf palaeolake basin, north- western Saudi Arabia, have identified a well-preserved early- to mid-Holocene landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beginnings of Salt Exploitation in the Carpathian Basin (6Th–5Th Millennium BC)*
    Documenta Praehistorica XLII (2015) The beginnings of salt exploitation in the Carpathian Basin (6th–5th millennium BC)* Eszter Bánffy German Archaeological Institute, Romano-Germanic Commission Frankfurt, Frankfurt, DE [email protected] ABSTRACT – While there are ample data for salt exploitation in later prehistory, in the Neolithic, i.e. 6th–5th millennium BC, archaeological data from Southern Central Europe remain scanty. The paper attempts to give an overview of Neolithic salt research in the Carpathian basin. Both the archaeo- logical traces and the research of Neolithic salt extraction activity are rather uneven there. While the eastern half had close contacts with Transylvanian salt regions, the western part, i.e. Transdanubia, lacks salt sources of any kind. The obvious need for salt gave rise to the search for salt-rich areas within reach of the early LBK migration in Central Europe, and indeed, these groups had rapidly settled in three key salt regions in Western and Central Germany, as well as in Little Poland. One of the reasons for the rapid migration and long-term contacts with these zones might thus have been access to salt. In general terms, it is in many cases highly probable that some sites specialised in salt exploitation, and that certain regions served as settings for exchange networks.* IZVLE∞EK – Kljub temu, da je na voljo mno∫ica dokazov za izrabo soli v pozni prazgodovini, je po- datkov za ju∫ni del srednje Evrope v neolitiku (6. in 5. tiso≠letje pr. n. ∏.) zelo malo. V prispevku pred- stavljamo pregled raziskav neolitske izrabe soli v Karpatski kotlini.
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence for Jute (Corchorus Capsularis L.) in the Indus Civilization
    Archaeol Anthropol Sci DOI 10.1007/s12520-012-0088-1 ORIGINAL PAPER New evidence for jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) in the Indus civilization Rita P. Wright & David L. Lentz & Harriet F. Beaubien & Christine K. Kimbrough Received: 17 October 2011 /Accepted: 9 January 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract In this paper, we report the results of an analysis allow trace evidence to be preserved. The discovery of the of a preserved structure of jute on a ceramic artifact from the preserved structure of jute fibers on an artifact securely site of Harappa that is dated to 2200–1900 (cal.) BC (Fig. 1). dated to 2200–1900 (cal.) BC is the earliest evidence for Jute cloth has not previously been identified at this early date the use of this plant for textiles in the Indus civilization. in the Indus civilization. Since fiber remains are rare in pre- historic South Asia, we briefly review the evidence for seed and fiber remains used in textile production in this region. Evidence for plant fibers in the Indus and beyond Keywords Jute cloth . Corchorus capsularis L. Indus Evidence for cloth produced from plant fibers is rare before civilization the third millennium BC at Indus-related sites. The earliest evidence for the use of plant fibers is from cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) found as a mineralized thread inside of a copper Introduction bead from a Neolithic burial at the site of Mehrgarh dated to the 6th millennium BC (Moulherat et al. 2002). Other The study of archaeological textiles produced from plant evidence for cotton from Mehrgarh is from charred seed crops in South Asia has advanced significantly in the past remains dated to the 5th millennium BC (Costantini 1984).
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Earliest Neolithic Settlements in the Southeastern
    Identifying the Earliest Neolithic Settlements in the Southeastern Balkans Laurent Lespez, Zoï Tsirtsoni, Pascal Darcque, Dimitra Malamidou, Koukouli-Chrysanthaki Chaido, Arthur Glais To cite this version: Laurent Lespez, Zoï Tsirtsoni, Pascal Darcque, Dimitra Malamidou, Koukouli-Chrysanthaki Chaido, et al.. Identifying the Earliest Neolithic Settlements in the Southeastern Balkans: Methodological Considerations Based on the Recent Geoarchaeological Investigations at Dikili Tash (Greek Eastern Macedonia). Reingruber Agathe; Tsirtsoni Zoï; Nedelcheva Petranka. Going West? The Dissemina- tion of Neolithic Innovations between the Bosporus and the Carpathians, Proceedings of the EAA Conference, Istanbul, 11 September 2014, 3, Routledge, p. 43-55, 2017, Themes in Contemporary Archaeology, 978-1-138-71483-0. hal-02639696 HAL Id: hal-02639696 https://hal.parisnanterre.fr//hal-02639696 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Going West? The Dissemination of Neolithic Innovations between the Bosporus and the Carpathians Proceedings of the EAA Conference, Istanbul, 11 September 2014 Edited by Agathe Reingruber, Zoї Tsirtsoni, Petranka Nedelcheva Going West? uses the latest data to question how the Neolithic way of life was diffused from the Near East to Europe via Anatolia.
    [Show full text]