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Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun Pada Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018

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Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun Pada Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018 JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 7 (2) (2019): 227-235, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v7i2.3015 JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA) Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/jppuma Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun pada Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018 Political Participation Medan Maimun District Community at Election Governor North Sumatra Year 2018 Faiz Albar Nasution* & Kushandajani Program Studi Magister Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia Diterima: 25 Oktober 2019; Disetujui 29 November 2019; Dipublish 1 Desember 2019 Abstrak Partisipasi masyarakat dalam menggunakan hak pilih menjadi indikator terpenting dari keberhasilan penyelenggaraan Pilkada. Namun, masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun memiliki partisipasi terendah dari 21 Kecamatan Kota Medan pada Pilgub Sumut 2018. Kondisi ini menggambarkan euforia Pilkada ternyata tidak diikuti oleh jumlah pengguna hak pilih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi politik masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun pada Pilgub Sumut 2018. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam, dilakukan kepada informan yang berasal dari lembaga penyelenggara Pemilu, politik, sosial dan masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun. Analisa data menggunakan teknik Miles dan Huberman antara lain: reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, hierarki partisipasi politik masyarakat Kec. Medan Maimun didominasi partisipasi dalam pemberian suara dan apathy total. Kedua, faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat pada Pilgub Sumut 2018 yaitu: kesadaran politik, kepercayaan terhadap pemerintah, status sosial dan status ekonomi, afiliasi politik orang tua dan pengalaman berorganisasi. Kata kunci: Partisipasi Politik, Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Abstract Community participation in the use of voting rights becomes the most important indicator of the success regional elections. However, the community of Medan Maimun subdistrict has the lowest participation from 21 Medan City subdistrict at Pilgub Sumut 2018. This condition illustrates that euphoria of the regional election was not followed by number of users of voting rights. This research aims to analyze political participation community of Medan Maimun subdistrict at Pilgub Sumut 2018. In this study the method used is qualitative descriptive. The technique data collection by of documentation and in-depth interviews, conducted to informant that originated from the Institute of election, political, social and community District Medan Maimun. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman techniques are: data reduction, data display and draw conclusions. Results showed first, the hierarchy political participation in Medan Maimun subdistrict dominated by participation in voting and total apathy. Secondly, factors influencing community participation in Pilgub Sumut 2018 are: Political consciousness, trust in government, social status and economic status, political affiliation of parents and organizational experience. Keywords: political participation, regional elections How to Cite: Nasution, A.F. Kushandajani. (2019). Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun Pada Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Utara Tahun 2018. JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 7 (2): 227-235. *Corresponding author: ISSN 2549-1660 (Print) E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 2550-1305 (Online) 227 Faiz Albar Nasution & Kushandajani, Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Maimun pada PENDAHULUAN 2018. Rendahnya tingkat partisipasi Pemilihan umum adalah salah satu masyarakat Kota Medan pada Pilgub pilar utama dari sebuah negara demokrasi, Sumut 2018 sebesar 55,80%, juga dapat karena pemilu dapat merepresentasikan dilihat pada Pilwal Medan 2015, dengan kedaulatan rakyat (Hendrik, 2010). Sejak tingkat partsipasi 25,38%. Kondisi ini diterbitkan UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 menggambarkan euforia Pilkada di Kota pemerintah pusat menjadikan Pilkada Medan ternyata tidak diikuti oleh jumlah sebagai instrumen penting dalam pengguna hak pilih. sehingga tahapan - penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah tahapan Pilkada dinilai tidak mampu yang demokratis. Hal ini menunjukkan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat bahwa rakyat sebagai pemegang untuk ikut memilih pada Pilgub Sumut kedaulatan dalam menentukan kebijakan 2018. Berikut hasil rekapitulasi perolehan daerah. Kegiatan ini dapat dilihat pada suara Pilkada 2015 dan Pilkada 2018 di Pilkada serentak tahun 2018, diikuti 17 setiap Kecamatan Kota Medan: Provinsi dan 115 kabupaten dan 39 Kota, Tabel 1.2. Rekapitulasi Hasil Perolehan Suara yang salah satunya Kota Medan ikut Pilgub Sumut 2018 dan Pilwal 2015 di Kota Medan. melaksanakan Pilgub Sumut. Tingkat Partisipasi Pada pelaksanaan Pilgub Sumut 2018 No Kecamatan Pilkada Pilkad 2015 a 2018 partisipasi masyarakat Kota Medan dalam 1 Medan 27,4% 60, 3% menggunakan hak pilih meningkat, jika Tuntungan dibandingkan dengan Pilkada sebelumnya. 2 Medan Johor 26,8% 56,6% Namun, rekapitulasi hasil perolehan suara 3 Medan Amplas 21,6% 61,4% Pilgub Sumut 2018 menunjukkan 4 Medan Denai 24,0% 57,8% partisipasi politik Kota Medan dinilai 5 Medan Area 31,2% 61,2% masih rendah, hal ini di sebabkan karena 6 Medan Kota 27,4% 56,4% tidak tercapainya target KPU Kota Medan 7 Medan 27,1% 48,1% untuk meningkatkan partisipasi sebesar Maimun 78% (Simarmata, 2018). Berikut data 8 Medan Polonia 24,5% 57,4% 9 Medan Baru 22,3% 53,5% partisipasi masyarakat pada setiap Pilkada 10 Medan Selayang 29,1% 60,3% di Kota Medan : 11 Medan Sunggal 23,2% 54,4% 12 Medan Helvetia 23,2% 61,8% Tabel 1.1. Data Partisipasi Masyarakat Kota Medan 13 Medan Petisah 25,4% 56,3% pada Pilkada 14 Medan Barat 30,4% 55,2% Pilkada Tahun Jumlah Tingkat 15 Medan Timur 34,6% 62,1% Pemilih Partisipasi 16 Medan 25,8% 60,8% Walikota 2005 1.450.596 54,70% Perjuangan 17 Medan 26,3% 57,8% Gubernur 2008 1.725.045 47,10 % Tembung Walikota 2010 1.961.723 38,28% 18 Medan Deli 25,9% 55,3% Gubernur 2013 2.123.878 36,58 % 19 Medan Labuhan 30,6% 59,4% Walikota 2015 1.998.835 25,38 % 20 Medan Marelan 30,7% 65,0% Gubernur 2018 1.641.648 55,80 % 21 Medan Belawan 28,5% 54,7% Sumber: Data di olah dari KPUD Kota Medan Sumber: KPUD Kota Medan. Hasil rekapitulasi perolehan suara Tabel 1.1. memperlihatkan terjadinya Pilgub Sumut 2018 di Kota Medan pasang surut partisipasi masyarakat Kota menunjukkan Kec. Medan Maimun Medan dalam menggunakan hak pilih pada menempati partisipasi terendah dari 21 setiap Pilkada. Kondisi tersebut dapat Kecamatan, dengan tingkat partisipasi dirasakan sejak Pilkada Kota Medan sebesar 48,1%. Namun, jika dilaksanakan dari tahun 2005 sampai membandingkan kedua data Pilwal Medan 2015 dan Pilgub Sumut 2018, ada sesuatu 228 JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 7 (2) (2018): 227-235 yang menarik, yaitu keikutsertaan salah satu ciri ilmu sosial yang sangat masyarakat Kec. Medan Maimun dalam dinamis dan terus berkembang. kontestasi Pilkada selalu mendapatkan Adapun beberapa penelitian angka partisipasi yang rendah. Asumsi ini terdahulu yang dapat dijadikan rujukan didasarkan dari kedua data yang disajikan, dalam penelitian ini. Marlini Tarigan seperti Kec. Medan Amplas pada Pilkada berjudul “Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Kab. 2015 partisipasi 21,6% dan pada Pilkada Temanggung Dalam Pelaksanaan Pilkada 2018 partisipasi naik signifikan menjadi Tahun 2008” (Tarigan, 2009). Rio Sholihin 61,4%. Selanjutnya, Kec. Medan baru berjudul “Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Pilkada 2015 partisipasi sebesar 22,3% dalam Pilgub Kaltim 2013-2018 di Kec. dan di Pilkada 2018 partisipasi naik Sungai Pinang Kota Samarinda” (Sholihin, menjadi 53,5%. Sedangkan tingkat 2014). Yustinus Usfinit, dkk yang berjudul partisipasi masyarakat Kec. Medan “Perspektif Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Maimun pada Pilkada 2015 partisipasi Pada Pilkada Kota Malang” (Usfinit, dkk, 27,1% dan pada Pilkada 2018 tidak 2014). Pertama Yul Asmara Pane berjudul mengalami peningkatan yang cukup tinggi “Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Dalam dengan tingkat partisipasi sebesar 48,1%. Pilkada Sumut Tahun 2013 di Kota Fenomena rendahnya partisipasi Padangsidimpuan” (Asmara Pane, 2015). masyarakat Kec. Medan Maimun pada Sri Suharianti melakukan penelitian Pilgub Sumut 2018 mendapatkan berjudul “Analisis Partisipasi Politik perhatian KPUD Kota Medan yang Masyarakat Pada Pilkada langsung Di menjadikan Kec. Medan Maimun sebagai Kabupaten Barito Selatan Tahun 2017 prioritas untuk diberikan pendidikan dan (Suhartini, 2018). Heri Kusmanto. Meneliti sosialisasi politik dalam meningkatkan “Peran Badan Permusyawaratan Daerah partisipasi pemilih di Kota Medan (Siregar, dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik 2019). Data ini menjelaskan partisipasi Masyarakat”, (Kusmanto, 2013). Penelitian masyarakat Kec. Medan Maimun menjadi Agung Suharyanto tentang “Partisipasi salah satu indikator terpenting dari Politik Masyarakat Tionghoa dalam keberhasilan Pilkada di Kota Medan. Pemilihan Kepala Daerah” (Suharyanto, Namun, rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat 2014). Julia Ivanna, dkk, tentang “Peran Kec. Medan Maimun dalam menggunakan Media Cetak dalam Meningkatkan hak pilih pada setiap Pilkada Partisipasi Politik di Kelurahan Bandar
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