DOCSLIB.ORG

Livestock, Land Cover, and Environmental History: The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Livestock, Land Cover, and Environmental History: The Livestock,Land Cover, and Environmental History: The Tablelandsof New SouthWales, Australia, 1820-1920 KarlW Butzer*and David M. Helgren** *DepartmentofGeography and the Environment, University ofTexas at Austin **DepartmentofGeography, SanJose State University Forsoutheastern Australia, arrival of the First Fleet in 1788raises similar issues in environmental history as the 1492landing of Columbus in the Americas. But Anglo-Australian settlement isyounger and better documented, bothin termsof scientific proxy data and historical sources, which include data on stockingrates that generally werelight. Environmental concerns were voiced early, and a livelydebate continues both among professionals andthe lay public, with Australian geographers playing a major academic and applied role. This article addresses environmentaldegradation often attributed to earlypastoralism (and implicit clearance) in theTablelands of NewSouth Wales. Methods include: (1) comparisonofwell-reported travel itineraries of1817-1833 with mod- ernland cover and streamchannels; (2) criticalreviews of high-resolutionpollen profiles and theissues of Aboriginalvs. Anglo-Australian fireecology; and (3) identificationofsoil erosion and gullying both before and afterAnglo-Australian intrusion. The results indicate that (a) landcover of the Tablelands islittle changed since priorto Contact,although some species are less common, while invasive genera of legumes have modified the groundcover; (b) thecharcoal trace in pollen profiles prior to Contact supports an ecologicalimpact of regular Aboriginalburning and rare,catastrophic fires; and (c) moststream channels were already entrenched ("gullied")well before 1840, with repeated cut-and-fill cycles during the late Holocene, but before Contact. Landimpairment has notbeen a majorproblem on theTablelands, although the last two centuries have ex- periencedcumulative and complex environmental change. This unexpected empirical picture suggests that, until high-technologyintervention, increasing periodicity/magnitude of extreme drought/precipitation events had beenthe overriding trend in interior New South Wales, perhaps reinforced byburning. There is no support for an apocalypticmodel of colonial environmental history. Key Words: Australia, pastoral degradation, vegetation change, fireecology, gullying, climatic perturbations. The EnvironmentalDialectic in Australia capabilities,rangelands, wildlife, and forestrywere in place wellbefore Earth Day 1970 and have addressed has beenthe focus of environmental conservationas muchas appliedtechnology. Last but not Australiadebate since a scanttwenty years after the ar- least,there is an ongoingnegotiation about environ- rivalof the First Fleet in 1788.This multivocal mentalunderstanding between the Aboriginalpeoples discoursehas had manyforms, involving the agentsof and thenewer Australians. government,the educatedpublic, and academia.The But environmentalsensitivity was only one facet impressionobtains that this engagement was deeper and amongcontested priorities, centered on the economics morepersistent than it was in otherBritish colonies, of labor,survival, and wealthaccumulation, as early perhapsbecause so manyof the early officials were drawn settlersstrove to createnew homes in Australia'sunfa- froma meritocracyemerging from the Napoleonic wars, miliarenvironment. One segmentof that vigorous, naval and militaryin the mainpart, and skilledin en- continuingdialectic is revealedin thefirst-person liter- gineeringand the sciences.The reportsof various atureof the early "explorers," who charted that physical commissionsaddressing the consequences and causesof and bioticenvironment. Mainly levelheaded and com- recurrentdrought catastrophes were articulate and per- petent,their attitudes toward nature and to the indig- ceptive.A similarbent for applied research is evident enous inhabitantswere, in the contextof the time, amongthe large number of professionals today working relativelybenign, despite their colonial goals of settle- on environmentaland ecologicalissues, commonly ment expansionand economicdevelopment. Their withingovernment agencies that serve intermediary writingsprovide a uniquedocumentation of Australian roles.In fact,federal and state agencies dealing with land environmentsat the time of Aboriginal-European Annalsof the Association ofAmerican Geographers, 95(1), 2005, pp. 80-111 C 2005by Association ofAmerican Geographers Initialsubmission, July 2003; revised submission, May 2004; final acceptance, June 2004 Publishedby Blackwell Publishing, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148,and 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, U.K. This content downloaded from 128.62.59.252 on Fri, 13 Mar 2015 20:58:21 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Livestock,Land Cover, and Environmental History 81 Contact.They also cast a mainlyfavorable light on the changesince the timeof initialEuropean settlement? effortsof countlesscivil servants, who, across two cen- Here thebest modeling approaches are no substitutefor turies,attempted to steerthe fitful growth of the colony historicalinvestigation, and eventhen, apparent change in a rationalmanner, with at leasta latentconcern for maybe difficultto interpret. what todaywould be called sustainableeconomic ex- Aboriginalland use had significantimpact, and bio- ploitation.'1 logicalresponse during the transitionto and experi- Althoughnot synchronizedwith the transatlantic mental changes of European land managementis confrontationof 1492, the much more recent encounter incompletelyunderstood. Countless spells of cata- of Europeanswith Australia deserves greater compara- strophicdrought have intermittently favored erosion and tive attention.Within Australia today, there are a bioticdegradation. Such climaticperturbations, which numberof competing environmental narratives (Mercer nowamplify human impacts on theenvironment, origi- 2000; Powell2000), of which the most voluble are voices nallykept Australian ecosystems in flux,that is, in a thatview Anglo-Australians, past or present, as reckless metastablerather than stable equilibrium,linked to destroyersof the land (e.g., fromdifferent positions, high,rather than low, resiliency. That posestheoretical Bolton1981; M. Williams,McCarthy, and Pickup1995; and practicalproblems in regardto the"original" condi- MacKenzie1997; White1997; Horton2000; but com- tionof the environment (e.g., Hopkins, How, and Saunders pare Reynoldsand Smith2002). To outsideinvestiga- 1990; Taylor1990; Smithand Pickup 1993; Walker tors,such as theauthors, it comesas a surprisethat the 1993; Ludwigand Tongway1997), such as the use Australianenvironment beyond the arid interior should of classicsuccessional models, the separationof short- be on thebrink of desertification. term variabilityfrom longer-termor "irreversible" One majorcollection of paperson the Australian change,the isolationof anthropicand climaticinputs ecosystemsbegins with a politician'sintroduction as- priorto theindustrial-scale environmental impacts after sertingthat 65 percentof the originaltree cover has 1940, or the unresolveddifferences or similaritiesbe- been removedsince 1788, and thatup to 75 percentof tweenAboriginal and Europeanfire ecology. The notion therainforest has been cleared(Saunders, Hopkins and ofsome "pristine datum" may therefore be illusory. How 1990,v). However,against the "natural"bench- In Australia,the conceptof "land degradation"is markof AUSLIG (1997a), Graetz,Wilson, and Camp- increasinglyaccepted as changein terrestrialecosystems bell (1995) offervery different figures, based on digitally that reducesor destroysthe capacityof land forsus- processedsatellite imagery: only 9 percentof the origi- tainablehuman use (Christie1993, 314). This includes nallyclosed forest has been lost and 35 percentof all bothphysical and biological resources and, implicitly but otherkinds of forestsand woodlandscleared, with an less comfortably,biological and economicsustainability. additional21 percentthinned. These glaringdiscrep- But physicaland biologicalcriteria for disturbance or anciesillustrate the chasm between advocacy and more deteriorationset differentthresholds since, at the scale pragmaticreasoning. The "facts"themselves are differ- ofland cover, vegetation change is potentiallyreversible, entlyconstructed. whereasdestroyed soils are essentiallynonrenewable. Even measuresof currentrainforest loss are incon- But bothkinds of changeare interconnected:soil ero- sistentfrom year to year, or state to state,with expansion sion thatleads to hydrologicaldisequilibrium, with gul- in one and retractionin another,simply as a resultof lyingor alluviation,implies biotic impairment, even in changingdefinitions (Young 1996, 23-24). A second defaultof firmcriteria to discernbiotic degradation or problemin measurementcomes from identifying a pos- definebiotic disequilibrium. At thisscale, soil erosion siblyisolated incidence of land degradation,such as (evenwithout major soil destruction)is a sensitiveand gullyingor salt encrustation,and then generalizingit to visibleindicator of an ecosystemin troubleto a degree an entirespatial samplingunit; when the aggregatere- that agronomistsand various applied scientistswill be sultsare assembledon a smallnational map, it may give concerned. This basic concept of land impairmentun- the impressionthat half of the cultivatedland of Aus- derlies the article,given that there is no generallyac- traliais degraded (Young 1996, 36). cepted definitionof degradation. We are, however, Beyond these questions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change in the Central Tablelands
    Climate change in the Central Tablelands The Central Tablelands region is located in central NSW, and includes the major towns of Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee and Orange. The region has a number of natural resource assets and is home View across the Tablelands. Photography – Clare Kerr to a diverse range of agricultural industries. This information is part of a series of factsheets highlighting changes and options for the region associated with climate change. Rainfall For central NSW, there is medium confidence that average rainfall Current climate in the will decrease in spring and increase in early autumn although annual totals will remain similar to current conditions. By 2070, Central Tablelands a clear shift towards summer/autumn dominance will become The Central Tablelands has a temperate climate with mild to warm evident, with a possible slight increase (5-10%) in annual totals. summers and no dry season. The region contains high elevation Extra rainfall in summer and autumn is projected to be associated landscapes which provide a predominantly mild climate relative with increased intensity events. to adjoining regions to the north, west and south. Being inland, there is marked seasonal and diurnal variation in temperature. Relative humidity and evapotranspiration A decline in relative humidity is projected for all seasons with Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with a medium to high confidence, although changes in the near slight summer increase, however there is a wide multi-annual term are projected to be small. There is a high confidence variation driven largely by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that potential evapotranspiration will increase in all seasons as cycling.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Kowmung River at Cedar Ford, Australia
    International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning Vol. 16, No. 3, June, 2021, pp. 497-501 Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/journals/ijsdp Application of Deep Learning Method for Daily Streamflow Time-Series Prediction: A Case Study of the Kowmung River at Cedar Ford, Australia Sarmad Dashti Latif1*, Ali Najah Ahmed2 1 Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimany 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 2 Institute for Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160310 ABSTRACT Received: 12 May 2020 Sustainable management of water supplies faces a comprehensive challenge due to global Accepted: 9 December 2020 climate change. Improving forecasts of streamflow based on erratic precipitation is a significant activity nowadays. In recent years, the techniques of data-driven have been widely Keywords: used in the hydrological parameter’s prediction especially streamflow. In the current research, streamflow prediction, artificial a deep learning model namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and two conventional intelligence, deep learning, machine machine learning models namely, Random Forest (RF), and Tree Boost (TB) were used to learning, LSTM, random forest, tree boost predict the streamflow of the Kowmung river at Cedar Ford in Australia. Different scenarios proposed to determine the optimal combination of input predictor variables, and the input predictor variables were selected based on the auto-correlation function (ACF). Model output was evaluated using indices of the root mean square error (RMSE), and the Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE). The findings showed that the LSTM model outperformed RF and TB in predicting the streamflow with RMSE and NSE equal to 102.411, and 0.911 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Varying Unit Periods on Shape of Unit
    THESIS: THE EFFECT OF VARYING UNIT PERIODS ON SHAPE OP UNIT HYDROGRAPHS BY ELUDERIO SALVO, C. E. SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OP ENGINEERING i960 UNIVERSITY OP NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OP CIVIL ENGINEERING BROADWAY, SYDNEY, N, S, W. AUSTRALIA ^^ OF FOREiORO The germ of the idea to investigate the unit storm concept of lUsler and Brater using large watersheds (areas greater than 10 square miles) was stimulated by Associate Profess©r H, R, Vallentins, Officer- in-Charge, I'/ater Research Laboratory, University of New 3©uth vfeles, With the approval and subsequent encouragement and guidance of Professor C, H, Munro, Head, School of Civil Engineering, University of New South Wales, the pjriter made preliminary investigations using data from South Creek Catchment, an experimental watershed maintained by the University* Uppn the writer's return t© the Philippines, hydrol©gic data fr©m the watersheds ©f Belubula River and Tarcutta Creek were forwarded t® him by Mr, G, Whitehouse, Technical Staff Member, Hydrelsgy Section, Scheel of Civil Engineering, U. N, S, W, The results of the investigations and analyses are all embodied in this thesis. It may be said that this thesis has a tendency to over simplifica^- tion. There is a grain of truth in that. But is it not the end of every engineer to simplify the intricacies of mathematics and make the application to engineering pr©blems practical and easy? The theory of the unit hydrograph, first advanced by L, K, Sherman in 1932, is a simplified version of the mathematical treatment by J. A, Folse in his book, "A New Methsd of Estimating Stream Flow upon a New Evaporation Formula," The theory is based on the observed facts that the unit hydrograph ©f a stream has a characteristic shape that ^ ii is not generally modified by the different factors affecting the hydro- graph of a stream.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources Amendment Order 2020 Under The
    Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources Amendment Order 2020 under the Water Management Act 2000 I, Melinda Pavey, the Minister for Water, Property and Housing, in pursuance of sections 45 (1) and 45A of the Water Management Act 2000, make the following Order to amend the Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources 2012. Dated 29th June 2020 MELINDA PAVEY MP Minister for Water, Property and Housing Explanatory note This Order is made under sections 45 (1) and 45A of the Water Management Act 2000. The object of this Order is to amend the Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources 2012. The concurrence of the Minister for Energy and Environment was obtained prior to the making of this Order as required under section 45 of the Water Management Act 2000. Published LW 1 July 2020 (2020 No 364) Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources Amendment Order 2020 under the Water Management Act 2000 1 Name of Order This Order is the Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources Amendment Order 2020. 2 Commencement This Order commences on 1 July 2020. Published LW 1 July 2020 (2020 No 364) Schedule 1 Amendment of Water Sharing Plan for the Namoi Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources 2012 [1] Part 1 Introduction Omit the note. Insert instead: Notes. 1 Part 12 allows for amendments to be made to Part 1. 2 In accordance with section 48 of the Water Management Act 2000, the Minister must take all reasonable steps to give effect to the provisions of this Plan when exercising functions under the Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Interim Report: Food Production in Australia
    Chapter 2 Issues 2.1 This chapter discusses a number of concerns raised in relation to proposed coal and gas exploration and mining/drilling on the Liverpool Plains area of NSW, in particular by BHP Billiton Ltd (BHP), Shenhua Watermark Coal Pty Ltd (Shenhua) and Santos Ltd (Santos). Particular concerns were raised at the potential for these developments to adversely impact on agricultural activities in the area. Background 2.2 The Liverpool Plains covers an area of 12 000 square kilometres located in the north-west of New South Wales some 400 kilometres from Sydney. It is bounded by the Great Dividing Range to the east, the Liverpool Range to the south and the Warrumbungles to the west. The area is a sedimentary flood plain that has been laid down over several million years to provide a very rich, fertile farming area.1 Importance of the Liverpool Plains to food production 2.3 The area's fertile black soils have a high water holding capacity with reliable summer and winter rainfall. The crops in the area consistently produce 40 per cent above the national average. The area grows a diverse range of crops such as wheat, sorghum, oats, soybeans, barley, corn, sunflowers and cotton. It also produces chickpeas, mungbeans, canola, olives, turkeys, chickens, pigs, lambs and wool. In addition it has a significant beef industry. The area is unique in that it produces two crops per year, unlike the majority of farming areas. The Liverpool Plains contributes an estimated $332 million to GDP annually.2 2.4 The area produces 28 per cent of the state's sorghum, 33 per cent of sunflowers and 16 per cent of the state's maize.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish River Water Supply Scheme
    Nomination of FISH RIVER WATER SUPPLY SCHEME as a National Engineering Landmark Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Nomination Form 4 Owner's Agreement 5 3. Location Map 6 4. Glossary, Abbreviations and Units 8 5. Heritage Assessment 10 5.1 Basic Data 10 5.2 Heritage Significance 11 5.2.1 Historic phase 11 5.2.2 Historic individuals and association 36 5.2.3 Creative or technical achievement 37 5.2.4 Research potential – teaching and understanding 38 5.2.5 Social or cultural 40 5.2.6 Rarity 41 5.2.7 Representativeness 41 6. Statement of Significance 42 7. Proposed Citation 43 8. References 44 9. CD-ROM of this document plus images obtained to date - 1 - - 2 - 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Fish River Water Supply Scheme [FRWS] is a medium size but important water supply with the headwaters in the Central Highlands of NSW, west of the Great Dividing Range and to the south of Oberon. It supplies water in an area from Oberon, north to Portland, Mount Piper Power Station and beyond, and east, across the Great Dividing Range, to Wallerawang town, Wallerawang Power Station, Lithgow and the Upper Blue Mountains. It is the source of water for many small to medium communities, including Rydal, Lidsdale, Cullen Bullen, Glen Davis and Marrangaroo, as well as many rural properties through which its pipelines pass. It was established by Act of Parliament in 1945 as a Trading Undertaking of the NSW State Government. The FRWS had its origins as a result of the chronic water supply problems of the towns of Lithgow, Wallerawang, Portland and Oberon from as early as 1937, which were exacerbated by the 1940-43 drought.
    [Show full text]
  • EIS 968 Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Sand, Soil and Gravel Extraction at Bredbo in the Shire of Cooma-Monaro
    EIS 968 Environmental impact statement for proposed sand, soil and gravel extraction at Bredbo in the Shire of Cooma-Monaro NSW DEPT PEIApy 1NDUSpp1 IIIIIIiu!IIIIIihIIIIih////I/II//II/ll/II///IIjI ABOi 9636 ENVIRONMENTkL IKPACT STAThMENT for proposed Sand, Soil and Gravel Extraction at Bredbo in the Shire of Cooma-Monaro prepared for Lee Aggregates Pty.Ltd. by D.P.JAMES APRIL 1991 Lee Aggregates Pty.Ltd.. D.P.JAMES & COMPANY P.O.Box 397, P.O.Box 170, WANNIASSA, 2903. KOGARAH, 2217. (062)92.3961. (02)588.2614. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Prepared by D.P.Jaines on behalf of Lee Aggregates Pty.Ltd., P.O.Box 397, Wanniassa, 2903, A.C.T. This is the second edition of this environmental impact statement and is dated April 1991. The first edition is dated June 1988. Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected in the second edition, which has been laser printed. '000d-~; 9 April 1991. D.P.James, ARMIT, AMIQ, AIMM. 5/2 Hardie Street, P0 Box 653, 1 NEUTRAL BAY 2089 1- (02)904 1515. / j I 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 1.2 Summary of Proposed Development I 1.3 Development Objectives I 2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 2.1 Zoning 22 Landforin 2.3 Land Use I 2.4 Climate & Flooding 2.5 Air Quality 2.6 Water Quality I 2.6.1 Murrunthidgee River 2.7 Noise 2.8 Flora I 2.9 Fauna 2.10 Traffic 2.11 Economic Aspects 2.12 Social & Cultural Aspects Ii 2.13 Archaeology 2.14 Soil & Water Conservation Matters I 2.15 Extractive Industry I ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & PROTECTION MEASURE 3.1 Land Use 3.2 Climate & Flooding 3.3
    [Show full text]
  • Liverpool Range Wind Farm
    Liverpool Range Wind Farm Decommissioning & Rehabilitation Plan | February 2014 Liverpool Range Wind Farm Decommissioning & Rehabilitation Plan | February 2014 Prepared By: Epuron Pty Ltd Level 11, 75 Miller Street North Sydney NSW 2060 AUSTRALIA 02 8456 7400 www.epuron.com.au © Epuron 2012 BirremaWindFarm Preliminary Environmental Assessment | July 2010 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Project Description 5 2 DECOMMISSIONING AND REHABILITATION 7 2.1 Decommissioning Commitment 7 2.2 Decommissioning Funding 7 2.3 Host Landowners and Decommissioning 8 3 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 9 3.1 Wind Farm Landowners 9 3.2 Community 9 4 PLANNED SCOPE OF WORKS 10 4.1 Wind Turbines 10 4.2 Electrical Transformers 10 4.3 Underground Electrical Cabling and Overhead Powerlines 10 4.4 Access Roads 11 4.5 Foundations 11 4.6 Hardstands and Laydown Areas 11 4.7 Operation and Maintenance Facilities 11 5 REHABILITATION MONITORING 12 6 UPDATING THE PLAN 13 Figures Figure 1-1 Site layout overview for the proposed Liverpool Range Wind Farm 1 Introduction Development of the Liverpool Range Wind Farm involves the construction, operation and decommissioning of a 288 turbine wind farm and its associated infrastructure. This plan sets out the decommissioning and rehabilitation works required at the end of the wind farms 30 year operating life and land Lease term. In December 2011 Draft NSW Planning Guidelines for Wind Farms (Guidelines) were released. Sections 1.3(f) of the Guidelines address the following decommissioning and rehabilitation requirements for wind farms at the end of their operational life; The proponent/wind farm owner rather than the “host” landowner must retain responsibility for decommissioning, and The proponent to include a Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Plan in their environmental assessment report.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2014 “Nature Conservation Saves for Tomorrow”
    Blue Mountains Conservation Society Inc. Issue No. 317 HUT NEWS August 2014 “Nature Conservation Saves for Tomorrow” Blue Mountains Conservation Society presents Blue Mountains Wild River ... The Wollangambe Sunday 17th August, 2pm Wentworth Falls School of Arts (Cnr Great Western Highway and Adele Avenue) The Wollangambe River is just to the north of Mt. Wilson and for most of its 57km length it is within the World Heritage Blue Mountains and Wollemi National Parks, and the Wollemi Wilderness. Our August meeting is about the beauty of this river and the beast that threatens it. Andy Macqueen will talk about the river from an historical and geographical perspective. Dr Ian Wright and Nakia Belmer will provide a “state of health” of the river. And all of this will be accompanied by glorious images from Ian Brown and Society members. Read more on page 5. Visitors are very welcome. Photos: Wild River gorge, by Ian Brown; Ian Wright take samples to test the health of the river, by Nakia Belmer. BMCS NURSERY PLANT SALES Threatened Species Day Yabbies on the menu! Lawson Nursery, Wednesday Threatened Species Day, 7th September, The Little Pied Cormorant is a and Saturday mornings, 9am to commemorates the death of the last regular visitor to the duck pond in noon. Thylacine (Tasmanian tiger - Thylacinus the Blackheath Memorial Park. The nursery is located in the cynocephalus) at Hobart Zoo in 1936. He rests on one of his favourite Lawson Industrial Area on the Events are held nationally throughout rocks. corner of Park and Cascade September - Biodiversity Month. Streets, opposite Federation Changes to the landscape and native Building Materials - see map on our website habitat as a result of human activity have www.bluemountains.org.au).
    [Show full text]
  • Central Tablelands Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017-2022
    Central Tablelands Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 (Abridged Version) Developed in partnership with the Central Tablelands Regional Weed Committee This is a draft only. Photos courtesy of NSW Government © Central Tablelands (Abridged Version) 2 Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 DRAFT Contents Executive Summary 4 Appendix 1: Priority weeds for the Central Tablelands Local Land Services Region 7 A1.1 State level determined priority weeds 7 A1.2 Regionally determined priority weeds 12 Appendix 2: Other regional weed lists 18 A2.1 Regional alert list 18 A2.2 Regional community concern list 19 3 Central Tablelands (Abridged Version) Executive Summary The Central Tablelands Region supports a diverse and distinct mixture of landscape, livelihood, cultural and lifestyle values. Strategic and coordinated regional weed management is critical to building the sustainability of the primary industries, natural environments and local communities in the Central Tablelands region. NSW is in the process of reforming its weed, pest and disease biosecurity legislation. Together, the NSW Biosecurity Strategy 2013-2021 and NSW Biosecurity Act 2015 (which repeals the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 and is expected to be operational in early 2017) provide a modernised and clear vision for safeguarding our primary industries, natural environments and communities from a range of biosecurity threats (pests, diseases and weeds), and the role of community-wide shared responsibility. This Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan (the plan) is a direct response to this legislative reform. It was prepared by the Central Tablelands Regional Weed Committee on behalf of the Central Tablelands Local Land Services Board with guidance from the State Weeds Committee and Local Land Services.
    [Show full text]
  • New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd ACN 106044366 ______
    New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd ACN 106044366 __________________________________________________________ Liverpool Range Wind Farm Stage 1 Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Date: 10 March 2014 Author: Dr Julie Dibden Proponent: Epuron Pty Ltd Local Government Area: Liverpool Plains, Warrumbungle, Upper Hunter Shire Councils and Mid-Western Regional Council www.nswarchaeology.com.au TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA – BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................. 8 2.1 THE PHYSICAL SETTING OR LANDSCAPE ........................................................................ 8 2.2 HISTORY OF PEOPLES LIVING ON THE LAND ................................................................ 15 2.3 MATERIAL EVIDENCE ................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Previous Archaeological Research ............................................................................ 27 2.3.2 Predictive Model of Aboriginal Site Distribution....................................................... 36 2.3.3 Field Inspection – Methodology ................................................................................ 41 2.3.4 Field Inspection – Results .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Police Gazette 1886
    This sampler file contains various sample pages from the product. Sample pages will often include: the title page, an index, and other pages of interest. This sample is fully searchable (read Search Tips) but is not FASTFIND enabled. To view more samplers click here www.gould.com.au www.archivecdbooks.com.au · The widest range of Australian, English, · Over 1600 rare Australian and New Zealand Irish, Scottish and European resources books on fully searchable CD-ROM · 11000 products to help with your research · Over 3000 worldwide · A complete range of Genealogy software · Including: Government and Police 5000 data CDs from numerous countries gazettes, Electoral Rolls, Post Office and Specialist Directories, War records, Regional Subscribe to our weekly email newsletter histories etc. FOLLOW US ON TWITTER AND FACEBOOK www.unlockthepast.com.au · Promoting History, Genealogy and Heritage in Australia and New Zealand · A major events resource · regional and major roadshows, seminars, conferences, expos · A major go-to site for resources www.familyphotobook.com.au · free information and content, www.worldvitalrecords.com.au newsletters and blogs, speaker · Free software download to create biographies, topic details · 50 million Australasian records professional looking personal photo books, · Includes a team of expert speakers, writers, · 1 billion records world wide calendars and more organisations and commercial partners · low subscriptions · FREE content daily and some permanently The resolution of this sampler has been reduced from the original on CD to keep the file smaller for download. New South Wales Police Gazette 1886 Ref. AU2103-1886 ISBN: 978 1 921371 40 0 This book was kindly loaned to Archive CD Books Australia by Griffith University www.griffith.edu.au Navigating this CD To view the contents of this CD use the bookmarks and Adobe Reader’s forward and back buttons to browse through the pages.
    [Show full text]